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or THE 

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Baggage Transfer. 



THE NEW JERSEY TRANSFER AND BAGGAGE EXPRESS 

of Hoboken, will upon arrival ol Steamers take orders ^rom 
passengers on the pier, for the delivery of their baggage to 
any part of New York City, Brooklyn, and vicinity, includ- 
ing all Railroad Stations, Steamship and Steamboat Piers, 
as well as to Hotels and Private Residences. 

A prompt, reliable and satisfactory service by a respon- 
sible Company at reasonable rates guaranteed. 

BAGGAGE IN BOND. 

Baggage in transit to foreign countries "/« Bond", 
transferred in accordance with Custom House regulations. 

BAGGAGE FOR SHIPMENT OR STORAGE. 

Household goods and bulky packages forwarded by 
"Freight" and Bills of Lading furnished. 

Express Matter forwarded to any part of the 
United States. 

Baggage not required for immediate use, stored in a 
commodious warehouse. 

RAILWAY TICKETS. 

Railway Tickets, via all of the principal Western 
and Southern Railways, furnished to passengers on the pier 
at regular tariff rates, and baggage checked to destination. 
Sleeping and Drawing-Room car accommodations secured. 

For any of the foregoing accommodations apply to 

WILLIAM UTZ, PROPRIETOR, 

or any Agent of the New Jersey Transfer and Baggage 
ExPiiESS on the pier, or at the GENERAL Office, 



77 



No. 122 RIVER STREET, HOBOKEN, N. J. 



m iifiFtiiiiiits 



IN THIS GUIDE 



APPLY TO 

J. REICHMANfNf & CANTOR 

PUBLISHERS 

JJEUE FRIEDRICH-STRASSE 55, BERLIN, GERMANY 
31 NASSAU STREET, NEW YORK, TJ. S. 




il: 



Q> 



in diesem Fiihrer 



nehmen entgegen 



Verlags-Anstalt 

NEUE FRIEDRICH-STRASSE 55, BERLIN, GERMANY 
31 NASSAU STREET, NEW YORK, U. S. 




Columbia 
Chainless Bicycles 

For Men and Price. ^17^ 
Women. ■ ^i^*'« 

Beautiful and graceful in outline, 
clean cut and neat in appearance, 
strong and rigid in construction, 
swift and easy running on the level, 
lightning on the dow^n grade, a mar- 
velous hill-climber, the motive parts 
throughout totally unaffected by 
mud, dust rain or sleet, and a wheel 
that can be appropriately used all 
the year round, regardless of weath - 
cr—that*s the Columbia Chainless. 

Standard of the World. 

POPE MFG. CO., Hartford, Conn. 

KCoiumbias are not properly represem- 
ed in your vicinity, let us know. Chain- 
less Bicycle Catalogue by m^il for one 
2 cent stamp, or free by calling on any 
Columbia dealer. 




U or A 4 e.^A'i':.V^e.r L\ o u 1 , I'T 'l-,V\ ?.r\ 



GuiDe 



THROUGH 

NORTH AMERICA. 

EDITOR: ARTHUR SCHULER. 



Souvenir 



OF THE 



North German Lloyd, Bremen. 




PUBLISHERS: J. REICHMANN & CANTOR. 
BERLIN C, Neue Friedrichstr. 55. 
NEW- YORK, 31 Nassau Street. 



'•-7 



PREFACE. 



The . 'acknowledged usefulness of our European Guide, has induced 
us to publish a similar work for North America. In this first edition, 
the Dominion of Canada and Mexico have not jet been treated, but des- 
criptions of Canada and the largest Spanish Republic, will be added. 

In presenting our book to the public, we beg to say, that our aim 
is to furnish a concise work of reference for the use of travelers in the 
United States, containing hints and directions, which, we trust, may prove 
serviceable to persons, whose time is limited; the more so, as all the 
hotels, firms etc., mentioned in our Guide, are perfectly reliable. We 
hope, therefore, that tourists will not fail to make a practical use of the 
book. ■ The statistics have been taken from the last official Census Report 
of 1890. The alphabetical system has been strictly adhered to, treating 
every state for itself. Our sincere thanks are due for the cordial and 
valuable assistance we have received from the various societies, railway 
companies and to all those who have contributed to this work and actively 
aided us with information. 

We also express our thanks to Mr. L. Viereck, who has written 
the chajpter on Alaska. 

We shall be grateful to have our attention called to any errors or 
inaccuracies, occuring in the book. 

That our undertaking may contribute to the pleasure and profit of 
oui" readers and patrons, is the sincere wish of the publishers. 

Ap7^tl 1898. 

J. Reichmann 8c Cantor. 

BERLIN NEW YORK 

Neue Friedrichstrasse 55. 31 Nassau Street. 



CONTENTS. 



The North German Lloyd S. S. Co. of Bremeu. 
Table of Railway and Steamboat 'Fares.' 
United States of America. 
Alphabetical List of Places. 
Alphabetical List of Advertisers. 





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1 lOffl GERIAN iLOII) 8. S. Co. OF 




W' 



hen an historian of the future under- 
takes to write the history of Ger- 
many's transoceanic trade, an important 
chapter in his work will doubtless be 
filled by the aimals of the North Ger- 
man Lloyd S. S. Co. of Bremen. The 
following short sketch of the develop- 
ment of the Company will illustrate 
how enterprise and broad-minded views 
have, in the comparatively brief period 
of a few decades, succeeded in obtaining 
for the „Lloyd" the renewed and domin- 
ant position, which it now enjoys alike 
in the old and the new world. 

The North German Lloyd, whose vessels now unite the four 
corners of the globe, was founded in 1857, exactly ten years after 
the period when for the first time a steamer, the „Washington", had 
crossed the Atlantic on her voyage from Bremen to New York. The 
service of the „Lloyd", which in the beginning was carried on by but 
three small steamers, consisted during the first year only of one line 
to England. However aheady in the following year, the New- York 
line (the main object of the foundation of the Company), was opened 
by the despatch of the „Bremen" with a full cargo, some steerage- 
passengers, and one cabin-passenger. 

A noteworthy success was attained the next year — 1859: the 
„Lloyd" was entrusted with the carriage of the Anglo-American mails. 
The experience which in the meantime had been gathered with 
regard to the cargo and passenger business, as well as the generally 
recognized regularity and safety of the service paved the way for a 
rapid growth of the Company's fleet. In 1865 the passengers con- 
veyed by the Company's steamers reached the number of 9714, in 
1866 it became necessary to despatch a boat every week and in the 
following year — ten years after its foundation — the „Lloyd" con- 
trolled a fleet of 14 steamers, of which 8 were engaged on the New- 
York line and 6 on the English line. The number of the voyages 
made in 1867 was 47 to America and 127 to London and Hull. 

These figures proved the prosperity of the undertaking and the 

VII 







IX 



Directors, anticipating the influence which the development of the 
Company would later on exercise on Germany's transoceanic inter- 
ests, justly recognized it as their duty to further promote the foreign 
relations of the fatherland by the creation of new services and the 
extension of those already existing. This period coincided with the 
time when the germs of the subsequent powerful growth of German 
industry and commerce became first apparent and when the want 
of regular steamship communication made itself generally felt. 

The second decade of the history of the North German Lloyd 
bears full testimony to the fact that the Company has spared no 
effort to accommodate itself to the altered conditions of trade. Already 
in 1808 the relations with North America were extended through the 
opening of the Baltimore line. In Baltimore the arrival of the first 
steamer was celebrated as an event of considerable importance. The 
place was „en fete". Schools, Markets, the Custom-house and most 
of the shops were closed. A procession headed by the Governor 
and the dignitaries of both the State and the city, accompanied by 
United States infantry, cavalry and artillery and representatives of 
the different trades, clubs and societies paraded the town and at a 
banquet which followed, great results were confidently predicted. 

We now arrive at an anxious year for the Company. On the 
outbreak of the Franco-German war the German ports were declared 
in a state of blockade. The superiority of the French fleet necessi- 
tated, not only that the Company's ships in foreign ports should be 
ordered to remain there, but that those at the moment on their way 
home should be warned of their danger and directed to safe neutral 
ports. Foreign steamers had to be chartered and other heavy ex- 
penses incurred. But victory on land Umited the period of severest 
trial to about three months. Gradually the ships left their foreign 
quarters and, taking a northerly course round Scotland ran into one 
of the English east- coast ports whilst awaiting an opportunity to 
slip across to the Weser. In October of the first year of the war 
even the transatlantic service was re-opened by the „Hansa" with a 
full freight and a large number of passengers. To the captains and 
officers of the „Lloyd" employed on these hazardous expeditions, 
the North Sea was as his native forests are to the Indian. They 
cut through the blockading cordon northwards and made their way 
round the perilous coast of Scotland. They steamed down the channel 
right through the French fleet, wrapped in friendly fogs. For reasons 
of poUcy however it is well to suppress all details of the stirring in- 
cidents of blockade-running and to pass in silence over acts of suc- 
cessful audacity and resource that might take rank with the feats 
performed at the ports of the short-Uved Confederate States. 

In spite of the war the new line from Bremen to the West 
Indies was opened in the autumn of 1870 and at the same time a 
regular connection was formed between Bremen, Rotterdam and Ant- 
werp. In 1871 the service to England was augmented by a third 
line and four years later — 1875 — the „Lloyd", paying due regard 
to the German interests in South America, established a regular ser- 
vice to Brazil and the River Plate. At the end of the se^^ond decade 
of the existence of the company (1878) it became necessary to divide 
the South American line into two separate services, one to Brazil 



(Bahia, Rio de Janeira, Santos") and the other to the River Piatt 
(Montevideo, Buenos Aires), whereas connection with the West Indies 
was discontinued. 

The period in the development of the „Lloyd" Company which 
now follows will always form an important phase in the history of 
navigation in general. While up to this time the aim of the steam- 
ship owners of all seafaring nations had been directed towards security 
and regularity in the services of the vessels, it now became necessary 
to consider a third point, viz: speed — and aided by the great pro- 
gress made in marine engineering, a new type of vessel, the modem 
fast-steamer or ocean-gre)^hound was created. 

Up to this time a speed of 12—13 knots an hour had formed 
the average for the regular mail steamers. In 1878 however the 
EngUsh Goion line had a steamer constructed (the „Arizona") whose 
engine developed the, until then unheard of, speed of 16 nautical miles 
an hour, and which at the same time was provided with the necessary 
accommodation to carry a great number of passengers. A new era 
in the art of shipbuilding and steam-navigation was thus inaugurated. 
Considering the enormous increase which of late had taken place in 
the traffic between the Old and the New World, it was evident that 
steamers of this speed, would, if they proved safe, soon attract pas- 
sengers and mails, thus securing pecuniary advantages for their 
owners. For the North German Lloyd, which at that time already 
occupied a prominent position among steamship companies, the intro- 
duction of the fast steamer service was a matter of course, as soon 
as first experience had proved its practical feasibility. Thus 
the „Lloyd" commenced in 1880 the construction of its fleet of fast- 
steamers which surpassing all its competitors as regards the number 
of the vessels employed has placed it in the front rank of the leading 
steamship companies of the world. On the 20th June 1881 the first 
fast-steamer, was placed upon the line, she was followed in 1882 
and 1883 by the „Werra" and the „Fulda'- (16—17 miles), in 1884 
by the „Ems" (17 miles), in 1886 by the .,AUer", the „Trave" and 
the „Saale" (17—18 miles), in 1888 by the „Lahn" (19 miles), in 
1889 by the „Kaiser Wilhelm I1-' and in 1890 by the ^Spree" and 
the „Havel" (19—20 milosV 

The construction of the fast-steamers inaugurated also a change 
in the interior arrangements of the vessels. The old-fashioned monot- 
onous dining-rooms with a number of tables in file flanked on each 
side by uncomfortable benches were replaced by saloons of studied 
t-legance ami sumptuousness. In the modern dining-saloons furniture, 
carpets, curtains, paintings combine to form an artistic whole with 
the architectural disposition of the rooms. The whole outfit of the 
paloons has been executed by the firm of A. Bemb6 of Mainz after 
the designs of the Bremen architect Poppe. 

The period during which the fleet of fast-steamers of the „Lloyd'* 
was constructed coincides with another important phase in the devel- 
opment of German transoceanic trade, namely the establishment of 
the subsidized mail steamer service to Eastern Asia and Australia. 
In. July 1885 the North German Lloyd contracted with the German 
government to carry on the service on all the Imperial mail-steamer 

KTI 




xin 



lines which Parliament had decided should be established with the 
provision that all the new steamers to be placed on such lines should 
be built in German shipbuilding yards. The speed contracted was 
12 miles for the line to Eastern Asia and for the Mediterranean line, 
11 Ya miles for the Austrahan main -line and the other branch -lines. 
The new mail-steamer service consisted of 1) main -line to Eastern 
Asia, 2) main-line to Australia, 3) branch-line Trieste-Brindisi-Alexandria, 
4 1 branch-line Hongkong- Japan, 5) branch-line Sydney-Tonga Islands- 
Samoa Islands. 

The preparations for the opening of the new important services 
were accelerated so that as early as the 28th June 1886, the first 
Imperial mail-steamer, the „Oder", could leave Bremerhaven to carry 
the German flag to the shores of Eastern Asia. The new steamers 
„Stettin" and „Lubeck" built for the branch-lines had already left 
Bremerhaven some time before. As the steamers which the „Lloyd" 
possessed at the time of concluding the contract were inadequate in 
number and construction to the requirements of the new service, the 
company at once ordered three steamers for the main -lines and an 
equal number for the branch-lines of the Vulkan shipbuilding yards 
at Stettin. The new steamers, named „Preussen", „Bayern", „Sachsen" 
and „Stettin", „Lubeck", „Danzig", exceeded by far the provisions 
of the contract with the government as regards dimensions and speed. 

Already during the first years of the existence of the Imperial 
mail-steamer service some changes became necessary. In the first 
place the line between Trieste, Brindisi and Alexandria was rendered 
impossible on account of the sanitary conditions prevailing in Egypt. 
This line was therefore replaced by a line from Brindisi to Port Said. 
The latter existed until the year 1893 when the Mediterranean branch 
service was given up altogether, as it was decided that the steamers 
of the main-lines should in addition to Genoa (where they had called 
since 1887), also touch at Naples for the embarkation of mails in 
order to ensure a speedy despatch of the latter. In 1893 Parliament 
further decided that the branch line in the Pacific, which had proved 
of no practical value, should be discontinued and that a new branch- 
service from Singapore via Batavia to German New -Guinea should 
be carried on instead. 

The service of the Imperial mail lines soon showed prospects of 
a hopeful future. The fears which on various sides had been ex- 
pressed that the subsidy given by the country would only benefit 
the commerce of other nations, that German commerce would derive 
no profit from it and that the interests of the already existing lines 
of steamers owned by private firms, would be seriously injured, all 
proved without foundation The offer of cargo for the steamers was 
fiom the beginning considerably in excess of the room available. 
The increase in the German exports to the countries concerned has 
been so rapid that no doubt as to the favorable influence of the 
lines can be further entertained. The interests of the lines carried 
on by private firms have not been injured, but rather the contrary 
has taken place. 

In proof of this we beg to call the attention of our readers to 
the figures which they will find subjoined. 

The total German exports to China amounted to 14^/3 millions of 

XIV 




XV 



marks in 1887, against 47 millions in 1893, the export to Japan has 
during the same period risen from 4Va millions to 26 millions, and 
the exports to Australia have increased from 17 millions to 114 millions. 
As regards the lines carried on by private firms, the German 
Kingsin line to Eastern Asia waa already in existence before the 
Imperial mail lines were founded. This line despatched a steamer 
every four weeks; but in 1887, one year after the opening of the 
Imperial mail lines, the Kingsin line found itself under the necessity 
of doubling its service. As regards the trade to Australia before 
the opening of the Imperial mail lines, there existed only one line, 
the Sloman line. This line was of comparatively little importance to 
German commerce, as the steamers used to embark their cargo 
chiefly in Antwerp and Lbndon and only in exceptional cases sailed 
direct for German ports when returning. The Sloman line has it is 
true since suspended its service, but in its place a new company, 
the Australian steamship company, was founded only three years 
after the inanguration of the „Lloyd" lines. The German Australian 
company likewise maintains a fortnightly service with Australia. 

As regards the Imperial mail lines, the steamers soon proved 
too small for the goods that were offering, but a few years ago these 
lines were completely provided with much larger steamers. The 
alterations in the construction of some of the vessels, as well as the 
new additions to the fleet, which for this purpose were ordered by 
the „Lloyd", on the one hand represent a work in the art of ship- 
building, never undertaken before to such an extent, and on the other, 
have created a new type of steamer which gives the fullest satis- 
faction. In the latter respect may be mentioned the twinscrew 
steamers „Prinz Regent Luitpold" and „Prinz Heinrich" built by 
F. Schichau of Danzig. As regards the re-constructions effected, the 
most remarkable work is the lengthening of the steamers „Bayem", 
„Sachsen" and „Preussen" carried out by the firm of Blohm & Vosa 
in Hamburg. Each of the three steamers was placed in a floating 
dock and cut through amidships just forward of the engines. The 
forepart of the steamer was then drawn forward by hydraulic force 
and a new compartment was built between the two separated parts 
of the vessel. — In this way the „Sach8en" and „Bayem" have been 
engthened by fifty feet and the „Preussen" by seventy feet. The 
onnage of the two former steamers was thus augmented by about 
1000 cubic metres each and that of the „Preussen" by about 2500 cubic 
aetres, the speed of the steamers not being impaired by the lengthening. 
At the end of this article our readers will find some statistical 
ibles showing the development in the traffic of passengers and goods, 
s will as of the tonnage employed on the Imperial mail Lines. 

In 1892 the North German Lloyd started a special service of 

irgo-steamers between Bremen and New -York and between Bremen 

id Baltimore. For the latter, denominated the „Roland" line, a 

amber of new steamers were built. The dimensions of these steamers 

laye been so arranged, as to allow them to profit by the succesfully 

ompleted work of deepening the Weser, to land and embark goods at 

'remen instead of at Bremerhaven. The line from Bremen to Baltimare 

i been formed by the large steamers of the „Mllnchen" class, all 

lit as recently as 1889 and 1890. These two lines carry steerage 

XVI 




XVil 



passengers and goods, the Baltimore steamers also taking a limited 
number of cabin passengers. 

Since 1890 the traffic with New- York has been further developed 
by the opening of a line of fast-steamers from New- York via Gibraltar 
to Genoa and Naples, with occasional calls during the winter season 
at Algiers. Return tickets for the line Bremen and New- York can be 
made available for the Mediterranean line and vice versa, the pas- 
sengers being at liberty to choose that route which according to the 
season and their plans best suits them. 

During the past two years 1896/1897, the North German Lloyd 
has placed in service a considerable number of new vessels of the 
largest dimensions, retiring and disposing of its older steamers, and 
thus bringing to completion the rejuvenation of its large fleet so that 
it now controls a steamer material fitted to meet all possible requirements 
and in no respects is surpassed by that of any other Company. Among 
the new vessels deserving special mention are the four large steamers 
of the Barbarossa class, each of them 550 feet long, 10500 tons 
capacity and 20000 tons displacement. They are twin screw steamers, 
driven by two completely separated sets of engines of from 7000 to 
8000 horse power. A special new feature of these steamers is the 
arrangement of the two enormous promenade decks, one above the 
other, giving the vessels an imposing and distinguishing appearance. 
The staterooms are all situated above the main deck, in the best 
possible location, and have won immediate favor with the traveling 
public because of their unusual size, comfortable arrangement and 
superior ventilation. The Barbarossa steamers are employed in the 
service between Bremen and New- York during the Summer, and in the 
Australian service during the "Winter. 

In addition toward the end of last year 1897 the new twin screw 
Express Steamship "Kaiser "Wilhelm der Grosse" was placed on the line 
between Bremen and New -York and its superior arrangements and 
wonderful achievements hare aroused the greatest interest and sensation 
throughout the entire world. The Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse has a 
length of 648 feet over all, 66 feet beam and 43 feet depth, is of 
14350 register tons and 20000 tons displacement. The vessel is designed 
to carry 400 First Class, 350 Second Class and 800 Steerage passengers, 
and has a crew of 500. The Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse is not only 
the largest but also the most superb steamer now afloat. 

In design, as well as in the equipment, the interior appointments of 
the steamer, the saloons, reading rooms, smoking rooms, drawing 
rooms, etc. are distinguished by their unexcelled, artistic arrangement. 

The two powerful engines of 30000 horse power give the vessel 
a speed of 21-22 miles an hour. The first trip from Southampton to 
New- York was made in 5 days, 22 hours, 35 minutes, and the home trip 
from New- York to' Plymouth in 5 days, 16 hours, 10 minutes. The 
average speed was 21.39 and 21.91 miles an hour respectively. The 
best performance for a single day was a run of 667 miles, equaling a 
speed of 23 miles an hour and the best speed on the third voyage 
from New- York to Southamton 32,36 knots giving to the steamer the 
best single days record and the best average record in the world. 

• A second twin screw Express steam ship, of about the same size 
as the "Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse", the "Kaiser Friedrich", will be placed 
in the service between Bremen and New- York in the Spring of 1898. 

XVIII 




XIX 



II* 



The trade with South America has also been considerably in- 
creased during the last few years, some new and comfortable steamers 
having been especially constructed for that purpose. — In the first 
place we ought to mention the two new saloon-steamers „Mark" and 
„Pfalz", which, provided with all modern improvements for a voyage 
in the tropics, form quite a new type of tropical steamer. Their con- 
struction also allows them to steam up the river as far as Bremen and 
to be despatched from the latter place instead of from Bremerhaven. 
• Besides the steamers mentioned, the company has placed upon 
the River Plate line the twinscrew steamer „H. H, Meier" and 
„Wittekind". 

The company further maintains a regular service by passenger and 
cargo -steamers to Brazil (Pernambuco, Bahia, Rio de Janeiro and 
Santos), The passenger -steamers leave Bremerhaven on the 10th and 
the cargo-boats on the 25th of each month. In connection with the 
arrivals of and departures of the steamers fi-om Santos, the North 
German Lloyd have recently opened a branch service for passengers 
and goods with calls at Paranagua, SSj Francisco, Desterro and Rio 
Grande do Sul. 

In conclusion we should mention that the company maintain a 
regular summer-service to the North Sea Islands Norderney, Borkum 
and HeUgoland, In connection with these lines fast express -trains 
are run to the principal inland places. These trains are despatched 
from and arrive at the Lloyd Halle in Bremerhaven which is in imme- 
diate connection with the landing place of the steamers. 

In the preceding pages we have given a short sketch of the 
rapid growth of the company. Subjoined our readers will find a Ust 
of the various hnes of the North GeiTuan Lloyd at present in operation : 

I. Traffic to North America: 

1) Line of fast-steamers from Bremen to New- York via Southampton 
and Cherbourg, Steamers employed on this line: „Kaiser Wilhelm 
der Grosse", „Kaiser Friedrich", „Havel", „Spree", „Lahn"', 
„Aller", „Trave", „Saale". Departures from Bremen Tuesdays 
and Saturdays, from Southampton or Cherbourg "Wednesdays 
and Sundays. 

2) Line of fast -steamers from Genoa and Naples via Gibraltar to 
New- York with occasional callings at Algiers. Steamers running 
on this line- „Kaiser Wilhelm II", „"Werra", „Fulda" and „Ems-'. 

3) Line of twinscrew mail - steamers from Bremen to New -York 
(steamers of the Barbarossa type). 

4) Line of mail-steamers from Bremen to Baltimore (steamers of 
the MUnchen type). Weekly, Thursday. 

5) Line of mail-steamers from Bremen to Galveston. 

II. Traffic to South America: 

6) Bremen — Brazil via Antwerp, Oporto, Lisbon to Pernambuco, 
Bahia, Rio de Janeiro and Santos by the steamers Coblenz, 
Mainz, Trier. 

7) Bremen — River Plate via Antwerp, Southampton, Corunna to 
Montevideo and Buenos Aires. Saloon-steamers: „Mark", „Pfalz", 
„H. H. Meier" and „Wittekind". 

XX 




XXI 



8) Bremen — Eastern Asia via Antwerp, Southampton, Genoa, 
Naples, Port Said, Suez, Aden, Colombo, Singapore, Hongkong 
Shanghai. Steamers: „Prinz Heinrich", „Preussen", „Sach8en" 
and ,, Karlsruhe". 

9) Bremen — Australia via Antwerp, Southampton, Genoa, Naples, 
Port Said, Suez, Aden, Colombo, Adelaide, Melbourne to Sydiiey. 
Steamers: ,,Prinz Regent Luitpold", „Barbarossa", „Friedrich 
der Grosse", Konigin Louise", „Bremen" etc. 

10; Branch Line from Hongkong to Japan. Hongkong, Yokohama, 
Hiogo, Nagasaki and return to Hongkong. Steamer : „Hohenzollem." 

li) Branch Line from Singapore to German New Guinea. Singa- 
pore, Batavia, Soerabaya, Friedrich Wilhelmshafen, Stephansort, 
Finschhafen, HerbertshOhe and Matupi. Steamer: „Stettin". 
rV. Branch Line in Asia: 

12) From Singapore to DeU .Sumatra). Steamer: „Sumatra". 
V. European Lines: 

13) Tow-boat service from Bremen to Hamburg, 

14) Saloon-steamer service during the bathing-season from Bremen 
to Norderney and Borkum. 

J-1 Saloon-stearaer service during the bathing-season to Heligoland. 

For the carrying on of the service on all these lines the North 
German Lloyd now owns a fleet of 82 steamers and 84 lighters of a total 
tonnage of over 300 000 including the steamers in course of construction. 

Too crews of the Heet represent a force of about 5500 men. One 
of tlie tables at the end of this article shows of how many persons in 
each grade this number is composed. 

The maintenance of so many lines and of so numerous a fleet, 
of course, rendered it necessary that the arrangements on shore 
should be of a proportionate character. First of all we should 
mention the extensive docks and workshops for the execution of 
repairs at Breraerhaven. These comprise a graving-dock and other 
works with all modern appUances for marine engineering. The 
number of men constantly employed in the workshops of the 
North German Lloyd at Bremerhaven is about 1000. The repair 
works at Bremerhaven are supplemented by an estabUshment of a 
similar kind at Bremen but of a less extensive character. 

The considerable traffic of passengers by the steamers of the 
North German Lloyd has further developed an institution for the 
provisioning of the steamers which in its arrangements and extent 
surpasses all similar estabhshments of other companies. The con- 
sumption of provisions and beverages on the steamers of the „Lloyd" 
annually reaches a value of more than S'/z miUions of marks. The 
annual consumption of coal is about 750 000 tons. Connected with 
the estabhshment for the provisioning of the steamers is the steam- 
laundry in which the whole ship's-linen is washed and disinfected 
after the return of the steamers to Bremen. 

The North German Lloyd also possesses its own piers in New- York. 

The whole of this powerful organism is controlled from the head- 
office of the company at Bremen, — In order to simpUfy the service 
and to secure a prompt despatch of business the following depart- 
ments have been created : Central Office, Passage Department, Freight 

. XXII 




XXIIT 



River Navigation Department. The company has provided for the 
welfare of its seamen and other employes, as well as for the widows 
and orphans of its servants by the creation of a pension-lnnd which 
has been in existence for a number of years and now possesses 
a capital of two millions of marks. On the 1st. January 1893 this 
institution was extended to include a separate pension-fund with 
increased endowments for the widows and orphans. 

The majority of the seamen of the North German Lloyd have 
spent many years in the service of the company. Of the total 
number of 4874 seamen employed on the steamers only a portion 
not amounting to 25% ^^^ ^ their first year of service, whereas 
1(\°/q are between their tenth and thirtieth year of service in the 
Company; as shown by the affixed table all important posts are in 
the hands of tried and experienced men. The numerous reports of 
successful cases of rescue effected at sea by the crews of the North 
German Lloyd are a proof of the excellent spirit which animates them. 
In conclusion we beg to give a translation of a letter addressed 
to the Company by His Majesty the German Emperor in recognition 
of its services. 

„Durine: my voyage to-day from the mouth of the Weser to 
Wilhelmshafen on board of the fast-steamer „Lahn", I have had 
an opportunity to inspect the vessel in all her parts and to 
minutely observe how the service is carried on. I have pleasure 
to express to the management of the Company my full satis- 
faction with what I have seen on board of this steamer. In 
remembrance of the voyage and as it is the first time that my 
standard has been hoisted on board of a German merchaotman, 
I will present this standard to the North German Lloyd with a 
desire that the good spirit which rules on its steamers may 
always be' maintained." 

On board of the Express Steamer „Lahn". 

Wilhelmshaven, 22nd April 1890. 



.-0.^. 



XXIV 



vr 




Jn the course of my voyage this day from the Wessr 
to Wilhelmshauert on board the Express •3^^°'^^^ '/LahrC, ) 
have availed myself of the opportunity of inspecting the vessel 
in all her parts, and of carefully noticing the manner in which 
the service is carried on What J have observed on board 
this steamer has so entirety satisfied rne. that J feel desirous 
^ expressing my full approbation to the Directors. ^ a me' 
mento of this trip, and this being the first occasion on which 
J have caused my Standard to be hoisted on board a ^teamer 
of the German /vfercantile /i^arine, J present this Standard to 
the Directors, with a hope that the same excellent spirit which 
now prevails on board the vessels of the North German Lloyd 
may always be maintained. 



On board the £xpress-S^^°"^^' ' Lahn, 
Wilhelmshaven. ■?<">■» hpru raso. 




Tt the Dirnctors »/ M» /forth Carman Lloyd m fyaman. 



XXV 



The inimitable Mark Twain, in one of his happy moments, 
has aptly and deservedly added his invaluable testimony to the 
sterling worth and inestimable working capacity of the North German 
Lloyd, in the foll6wing private letter to a friend: 











'^^^f^. 



°-o 



^'^, 



XXVI 



Table of Distances between the different 
ports in Miles. 

(A Mile = 1852 m.) 



Bremerhaven-America. 

Bremerhaven-Southampton "Water 458 Miles. 

Southampton-New- York or Cherborg-New York 3100 „ 

Bremerhaven New York . 8558 Miles. 

Dover-Nab Light-ship . 100 Miles. 

Needles-Lizard .... 146 „ 

Sandy Hook-New York 24 „ 

Bremerhaven-Pljmouth 560 Miles 

Bremerhaven-Baltimore 3880 „ 

Cape Henry-Baltimore 164 MUes. 

Genoa-New York. 

Genoa-Algiers 535 Miles. 

Genoa-Gibraltar 850 „ 

Gibraltar-New York . 3250 „ 

Genoa-New York 4100 „ 

Naples-Genoa 336 „ 

Naples-Gibraltar 974 „ 



XXVIII 



Table of distances (continued). 





































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Rio de Janeiro-Montevideo 1024 Miles. 

Antwerp-St. Vincent direct 2574 

Oorufia Vigo 120 

Vigo-Lisbon 278 

Oporto-Lisbon . 140 

Lisbon-Las Palmas . 700 

Las Pahnas-St. Vincent . 870 

Bremerhaven-Flusliing (Easterly Entrance) 281 Miles. 

Bremerhftven-Flnshing (Westerly Entrance) 3(^ h 

XXIX 



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Table of distances (continued). 

















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Hongkong-Japan. 

Hongkong- Yokohama 1590 Mfles. 

Yokohama-Hiogo 346 

Hiogo-Nagasaki 389 ',' 

Hongkong-Nagasaki 2325 Miles. 

Nagasaki-Hongkong direct 1067 „ 

XXXI 



A. Transportation of passengers. 

1. Rates for through tickets, or rates for circular tours, ar» 
arrived at by a combination of given rates. 

2. Tickets are issued only for first and second class railway 
transportation in connection, with steamship tickets reading 
via the lines of the North German Lloyd. 

3. The Tickets are not transferable, 

4. Tickets are good 12 months from date of sale. Date of final 
limit is shown on cover of ticketbook. 

5. The tickets are good for all regular trains. For the use of 
Vestibule trains, passengers holding I or II Class tickets, are 
required to pay the usual excess fare. For the use of sleeping 
cars, passengers are required to pay the regular sleeping car rate. 

6. Children not over 4 years of age are carried free. 

Children between the ages of 4 and 10 years, are carried 
two on one whole ticket. For one child alone, full fare has 
to be paid. 

7. By payment of the difference in the second and first class 
fares, second class passengers can change at their pleasure 
from second to first class. 

8. Tickets must be shown to Conductors or other railway officials, 
when required. 

9. Passengers can stop over on final limit tickets, at all stations 
designated on such tickets. At all other stations, stop overs 
are granted upon application to the Stationmaster, (StatiDns- 
vorstand) who will endorse tickets. 

10. The coupons of tickets are collected either by Conductors on 
trains, or station officials upon arrival at destination, 

11. Claims for unused booktickets or coupons should be addressed 
for adjustment with proper explanation to the North German. 
Uoyd, Passage Dept. Bremen. 

XXXII 



B. Transportation of baggage. 

1. Baggage is only checked through to those stations to which 
a baggage tariff exists. 

2. The amount of baggage carried free by the railways is in no 
case more than 25 kg., while on a number of railways all 
baggage carried has to be paid for. It is therefore advisable 
to send heavy baggage by „freight", as the time in transit is 
not long, and charges very reasonable. 

3. Passengers having baggage destined to points beyond Berlin, 
Leipzig, or Vienna, and going via these points, have to make 
anangements for its transfer between the different stations in 
these cities. 



4. 



tnese cities. 

The presence of passengers at custom house stations, at the 
time of baggage examination, is absolutely necessary, as the 
railway companies cannot be held responsible for any loss or 
delay, occurring through passengers absence. 



XXXin III 



The fleet of the North German Lloyd, the largest of the world, 
has a total tonnage of more than 300,000 Register-Tons. 



Steamers of the North German Lloyd S. S. 


Co. 


No. 


Steamers 


Commanders 


Re- 
gistered 
tonnage 


Horse- 
power 


1 


Kaiser kFilhelm d. Grosse 


H. Engelbart . . . 


1400U 


:^8000 


2 


Kaiser Friedrich ... 


L. Storm er .... 


12800 


25000 


3 


Kaiser Wilhelm 11 . . . 


D. HSpemann . . . 


6991 


6500 


4 


Havel 


E. Christoffers . . . 


6963 


12500 


5 


Spree . , 


A.. Meier 


6963 


12500 


5 


Lahn 


C. Pohle 


5097 


9000 


7 


Trave 


C. Thalenhorst . . . 


5262 
5220 
5217 


9000 


8 


Saale 


B. Blanke 


9500 


9 


Aller 


R. Nierich .... 


7600 


10 


Ems 


A.. Harrassowitz . . 


4912 


7000 


11 


Fulda 


B. Peter mann 


4814 

4815 

10500 


6300 


19 


Werra 


J. Mirow 


6300 


13 


Barbarossa 


A. Richter .... 


7000 


14 


Friedrich der Grosse . . 


M. Eichel 


10500 


7000 


15 


Kdniqin Luise .... 


W. V. Schuckmann 


10500 


7000 


16 


Bremen 


W. Roimkasten . . . 


10500 


8000 


17 


Prinz Regent Luitpold . . 


H. Walter .... 


6592 


5500 


18 


Prinz Heinrich .... 


0. Cuppers .... 


6613 


5600 


19 


Bayern 


L. Prehn 


6343 


3600 


20 


Sachsen 


H. Supmer .... 


6338 


3600 


21 


Preussen 


P. Wettin .... 


6616 


3500 


22 


H. H. Meier 


C. Steencken . . . 


5475 


3800 


23 


Weimar 


Fr. Mentz 


6318 


3200 


24 




H. Gathemann . . . 


6318 


3200 


25 


Gera 


W. Meissel .... 


5319 


3200 


26 


Darmstadt 


A. von C6llen . . . 


5316 


3200 


27 


Stuttgart 


D. Kohlenbeck . . . 


5349 


3300 


28 




C. von Bardeleben 


5347 


3300 


29 


Miinchen 


"W. Kuhlmann . . . 


4801 


3200 


30 




0. Gross 


4802 


3200 


31 


Crefeld 


H. Bruns 


3970 


1800 


32 




A. Winckel .... 


3970 
3970 


1800 


33 


Aachen 


H. Hashagen .... 


1800 


34 




E. Raetz 


3960 
3720 


1800 


36 


Roland ... ... 


J. Jantzen .... 


2500 


36 


Wittekind 


W. Pranke .... 


4997 


2700 


37 


W'illehad 


C. von Rorell . . . 


4998 


2700 


38 


Pfalz 


H. Winter . . . . 


4604 


2600 


39 


Mark 


H. Ahrens . . . . 


3932 


2500 



XXXIV 



No. 


Steamers 


Commanders 


Re- 
gistered 
tonnage 


Horse- 
power 


40 


Coblenz .... . . 


W. Bodenstedt . . 


3169 


1600 


41 


Mainz .... 








P. Albrecht . . 




3204 


1500 


42 


Habshurg . . 














3217 


2300 


43 


Hohenzollern . 










H. Bleeker . '. . 




3288 


2300 


44 


Stettin . . . 










A. Zachariae . . 




2200 


1500 


45 


Sumatra . . . 










L. Klugkist . . 




584 


330 


46 


Willkommen . 










H. Budelmann . 




409 


500 


47 


Kehrervieder 










J. V6p:e . . . 




499 


570 


48 


Retter . . . 










Q-. Ahlers . . . 




361 


650 


49 


Quelle . 














D. Hegermann . 




151 


60 


50 


Forelle . 














C. Meyerdiercks 




298 


650 


51 


Lloyd . 














M. Hovers . . 




297 


300 


52 


Hecht . 














Th. Michel . . 




244 


650 


53 


Vulcan 














J. Freerks . . 




200 


300 


54 


Neptun 














R. Bfissenschutt 




78 


220 


56 


Mercur 














W. Seggeling . 




124 


360 


56 


Apollo 














C. Strodthoff . 




73 


220 


57 


Comet . 














J, ProhbSse . . 




107 


180 


58 


Libelle 














J. Kiinning . . 




74 


250 


59 


Eerkules 














J. Meyerdiercks 




244 


370 


60 


Centaur 














J. Hovers . . . 




177 


340 


61 


Lacks . 














H. HOgemann . 




270 


550 


62 


Saturn 














a. Silbersdorf . 




125 


300 


63 


Najade 














0. Wurtmann . 




726 


2000 


64 


Cyklop 














F. Hilgerloh . . 




73 


200 


65 


Seeadler 














H. Burosse . . 




532 


1000 


66 


Planet 














W. de Vries . . 




44 


90 




Building: 










67 


Trier. 























-J#«- 



XXX7 



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XXXVI 






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XXXVIII 



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XLIV 



QniteD States. 



UNITED STATES. 



1 he domain of the United States now includes 4B States, and 

4 Territories and two Districts. The States are 

Alabama, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, 
Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Jowa, Kansas, Kentucky, 
Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, 
Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, 
New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, 
Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South 
Dakota, Tennessee . Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virs^inia, Washtni^ton , 
West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyom.in^. 

The Territories are, Arizona, Indian Territory, New Mexico, Oklahoma, 
and the District of Columbia and District of Alaska. 

When the United Colonies won there independence hy the 
Revolution war, from 1775 to 1783, the States formed a loose confe- 
deration until 1787. At that time the constitution of the United 
States was framed by Washington, Franklin, Hamilton, Jay, Livingston, 
Madison, Sherman and others, and this system of government was 
accepted hy each of the States; in 1789 Washington became the first 
President. 

There was originally 13 States, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, 
Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, 
North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina and 
Virginia. Maine was taken from Massachusetts, Vermont from New 
Hampshire and New York, and West Virginia from Virginia. The 
remaining States and Territories have risen from later won domains 
from the Republic. 

The population of the United States, amounted in 1790, to 
3,929,214; in 1890, to jp2,622,250. The area is 3,527,009 square miles. 

The Government of the United States is in fact a republic of 
republics. It is more tian a league of States, because it has direct 
authority over every citizen. The Federal Government, concentrated 

8 1* 



in the District of Columbia, administrates the foreign relations, the 
army and navy, the postal service, foreign and domestic commerce, 
currency, copyrights and patents and the Federal courts of justice. 

The State Governments have authority upon all other local 
matters. 

The States existed before the Federal Government wos founded, 
and though they are subordinate to the Federal Government, they 
could exist without it, as independent republics. The President and 
Vice-President are choosen by electors, the people of each State 
choosing by vote as many electors as the State has members of both 
houses of Congress. 

The President is commander-in-chief of the army and navy, but 
never officially enters the field of war. He appoints the chief executive 
officers of the Goverment. 

The Cabinet includes the Secretaries of State, of the Treasury, 
of War, of the Navy, of the Interior, and of Agriculture, the Post- 
master-General and the Attorney-General. 

The Congress of the United States is composed of the Senate 
and the House of Representatives. The Senate includes 88 Senators, 
two being elected by the legislature of each State, for a term of 6 years. 

The House of Representatives include 356 members elected every 
two years by the direct vote of the people. 

The United States Army consists of 27,390 men, in ten regiments 
of cavalry, five of artillery und 25 of infantry. 

The organized militia numbers 112,000 men, and the unorganized 
militia includes 8,600,000 men. 

The United States Navy includes 8,000 men, and about 
75 vessels of the old fleet, and 44, vessels of the new navy, some of 
them still under construction. 

The census of 1890 shows that the United States possesses 
3 cities with more than a million inhabitants, they are New York, 
Chicago, Philadelphia. Besides these 24 cities have more than 
100,000 inhabitants. 



Table of Railway and Steamboat Fares 

From New York to the Leading Cities and Plaees of Interest in the 
UNITED STATES. 



The Railway named is that by which the traveler leaves New York. 



The rates g^iven are liable to slight variations. They are both for 
unlimited and limited tickets. Unlimited tickets are good until used, and 
permit of stop-over at any place and for any time en route. The limited 
tickets are good for continuous passage only, and will not permit of stop 
over. We do not give the price of excursion -tickets (good for passage 
both ways). 



From New York to 



Via 



Un- 
limited 

Dnll. 



Limi- 
ted 

Doll. 



Aiken, S. C. . 

Albany, N. Y. . 
Atlanta, Ga. . 

?? 11 

Atlantic City, N.J 

Augusta, Ga. . 



Baltimore, Md. . 
Boston, Mass 



Baltimore, 'W"ashington,West Point 

Washington, Eichmond, and Ports- 
mouth 

Hudson River or West Shore R R. 

Steamboat ........ 

Washington. Norfolk and Ports- 
mouth, or Shenandoah Valley 

Baltimore and West Point . . 

Pennsylvania or New Jersey 
Southern R. R 

Baltimore, Norfolk, Weldon, and 
Columbia 

Washington, Richmond, and Wil- 
mington 

Washington, Lynchburg, and 
Danville 

Pennsylvania R. R 

Baltimore and Ohio R R. . . . 

New York and New Haven R. R. 

Fall River, or Stonington, or Pro- 
vidence, or Norwich steamers 

5 



3,10 
2,— 



3,25 



5,30 
5,30 
5, 

3 — 



22,80 
23,— 



24,- 
23,- 



23,— 
23,— 
23,— 



Buffalo, N. Y, . 
Burlington, Iowa 



Burlington, Vt. 
Cape May, N. J. 
Charleston, S. C. 



Chattanooga, Tenn 

Chicago, 111. 
Cincinnati, Ohio 



Cleveland, Ohio 

1) »? 

Colorado Springs Col, 

H 55 11 

11 11 11 

Columbus, Ohio . 

11 11 

Delaware Wat.- Gap. 

Pa. 
Denver, Col. 

11 5) 

11 55 

Detroit, Mich. . 
Frankfort, Ky. * 

55 55 • 

Galveston, Texas 



New York Central R. R. . . . 
Brie,West Shore, or Lehigh Valley 
New York Central or Pennsylvania 
Erie,West Shore, or Lehigh Valley 
Baltimore and Ohio R. R. . . . 
New York Central & Hudson River 

Pennsylvania R. R 

Baltimore, Norfolk & Weldon 
Washington and Richmond . . 
Washington, Lynchburg, Danville, 
Charlotte, and Columbia . . . 
Steamer (Pier 19, East River) . 
Washington,Lynchburg and Bristol 
Washington, Lynchburg, Asheville 

and Knoxville 

Baltimore and Ohio, and Shen- 
andoah Valley ... . . 
Now York Central or Pennsylvania 
Brie,West Shore, or Lehigh Valley 
Baltimore and Ohio R. R. . . . 
New York Central or Pennsylvania 
Brie,West Shore, or Lehigh Valley 
Baltimore and Ohio R. R . . . 
New York Central or Pennsylvania 
Erie, West Shore, or Lehigh Valley 
New York Central or Pennsylvania 

Erie or West Shore 

Baltimore and Ohio or Lehigh Vail. 
New York Central, Erie, or Penn- 
sylvania R. R 

Baltimore and Ohio or Lehigh 

Valley . . 

Morris and Essex (Delaware, Lacka- 
wanna, and Western) R. R. . 
New York Central or Pennsylvania 
Erie or West Shore R. R. . . . 
Baltimore and Ohio, or Lehigh 

Valley 

New York Central or Pennsylvania 
Lehigh Valley and Canada R. R. 
New York Central, Erie, or Penn- 
sylvania R. R 

Lehigh Valley R. R 

New York Central, Erie, Pennsyl- 
vania, or Baltimore and 0. R. R. 
(Western Route) 



7,64 



20,- 



2,56 



From New York to 




Un- 
limited 

Doll. 



Galveston, Texas 



Hartford, Conn. 
Hot Springs, Ark. 



V H V 

Houston, Texas 



Indianapolis, Ind. 



Jacksonville, Pla. 



Kansas City, Mo. 

11 1) n 

»1 ?» >1 



Leadville, Col. . 

Little Rock, Ark. 

»? ?j >i 



Long Branch, N. J. 

5» H 51 

Los Angeles, Cal. 

1' n ?i 



Washington, Atlanta, and New 
Orleans 

Lehigh Valley R. R 

Steamer (Pier 20, East River) . . 50,' 

New York and New Haven R. R. 2 55 

Pennsylvania, Brie, Baltimore and 
Ohio, or New York Central R.R. 

Lehigh Valley R. R 

New York Central, Brie, Pennsyl- 
vania, or Baltimore and Ohio 
R. R. (Western Route) . . . 

Washington, Atlanta, and New 
Orleans 

Lehigh Velley R. 11 

New York Central or Erie . . 

Baltimore and Ohio R. R. . . . 

Lehigh Vallay R, R 

Baltimore, Norfolk and Weldon 

Washington, Richmond, and Wil- 
mington 

Washington and Atlanta, or 
Columbia 

Lehigh Valley R R 

Steamer (Pier 19, Bast River) . 25, — 

New York Central or Pennsylvania 

Erie or West Shore R. R. . . . 

Baltimore and Ohio or Lehigh 
Valley 

Washington, Atlanta, and Memphis 

New York Central or Pennsylvania 

Erie or West Shore R. R. . . . 

Baltimore and Ohio or Lehigh 
Valley 

Pensylvania R. R., Baltimore and 
Ohio R. R., and St. Louis or 
Cairo , 

Baltimore and Ohio R. R , and 
St. Louis or Cairo or Lehigh 
Valley 

Washington, Atlanta and Memphis 

Central R. R. of New Jersey . . 

New Jersey Southern (Pier 14. 

North River) 1, — 

Pennsylvania or New York Central 

Erie or West Shore R. R. . . 

Baltimore and Ohio or Lehigh Vail. 

7 



Los Angeles, Cal. 

Louisville, Ky. . '. 

11 11 • • 

Lynchburg, Va. . 

Madison. Wis . . 
11 11 • • 

11 "1 • • 

Mauch Chunk, Pa. 

Memphis, Tenn. . 

• 1 11 

Mexico, Mex. . . 
Milwaukee, Wis. . 

H 11 

11 11 • 

Minneapolis, Minn. 

^j 1^ 

11 11 

Mobile, Ala. . . . 

H 11 • • • 

Montgomery, Ala. 
Nashville. Tenn. . 



New Haven, Conn. 
New Orleans, La. 

11 11 11 



Washington, Atlanta, New Orleans 
and So. Pac. R. R 

New York Central or Pennsylvania 

Erie or West Shore R. R. . . 20,50 

Baltimore and Ohio or Lehigh 
Valley 

Pennsylvania or Baltimore and 
Ohio R. R • . 

New York Central or Pennsylvania 

Erie or West Shore R. R. . . . 

Baltimore and Ohio or Lehigh 
Valley 

Morris and Essex, or New Jersey 

Central, or Lehigh Valley R. R. 3,45 

Cincinnati and Louisville (Western 
Route) 

Washington and Lynchburg (At- 
lanta and Birmingham) . . . 

Lehigh Valley R. R 

New York Central, Erie, West 
Shore, Baltimore and Ohio. 
Lehigh Valley, or Pennsylvania 
R. R. via Laredo 

New York Central or Pennsylvania 

Erie or West Shore R. R. . . . 

Baltimore and Ohio or Lehigh 
Valley 

New York Central or Pennsylvania 

Erie or West Shore R. R. . . . 

Baltimore and Ohio or Lehigh 
Valley 

Cincinnati and Louisville (West- 
ern Route) 

Baltimore or Washington (South- 
ern Route) 

(Same routes as to Mobile) 
(Southern Route) 

Cincinnati and Louisville (West- 
ern Route) 

Washington and Lynchburg 
(Southern Route) 

New York and New Haven R. R. 1 ,50 

Cincinnati direct (Western Route) 

Harrisburg, Roanoke and Chatta- 
nooga (or B. and O.) and Lehigh 
Valley 

8 



Prom New York to 



Via 



Un- 
limited 

Doll. 



New Orleaus, La. 



Newport, R. I. . 

Niagara Palls . 

Norfolk, Vk. . '. 

Northampton, Mass 
Oil City, Pa. . 
Omaha, Neb. 

55 55 

•5 55 

Philadelphia, Pa. 
Pittsburg, Pa. , 

55 55 

Pittsfield, Mass. 
Plattsburg, N. Y. 

Portland, Me. 

•5 55 

Portland, Ore. 

55 55 

55 55 

55 55 

Portsmouth, N. H 
Providence, R. I. 

Raleigh, N. c!' 

55 55 

Richmond, Va. 



Washington, Richmond (or B. and 
0.) and Atlanta 

"Washington, Lynchburg, Char- 
lotte and Atlanta 

Washington, Richmond, Wei don 
and Seaboard Air Linie . . . 

Steamer (2 lines) 

New York and New Haven R. R 

Fall River steamers 

New York Central 

West Shore, Lehigh Valley, or Erie 

Pennsylvania R. R 

Baltimore and Ohio, and Bay Line 

New York and New Haven R. R. 

Brie R. R . 

New York Central or Pennsylvania 

Erie or West Shore R. R. . . . 

Baltimore and Ohio or Lehigh 
Valley 

Pennsylvania or New Jersey 
Central 

Pennsylvania or New Jersey 
Central .... . . . . 

Baltimore and Ohio R. R. . . . 

New York and New Haven R R. 

New York Central and Hudson 
River 

New York and New Haven R. R. 

Steamer to Boston, thence by R.R. 

Pennsylvania or N. Y. Central . 

Erie or West Shore R. R. . . 

Canada Pacific 

Baltimore and Ohio or Lehigh 
Valley .■....,... 

(Same routes as to Portland) 

New York and New Haven R. R. 

Steamer (Pier 29, North River) . 

Pennsylvania R. R. . . . . . 

Baltimore and Ohio and Wash- 
ington 

Pennsylvania or Baltimore and 
Ohio 

Steamers (foot of Beach Street, 
North River) ....... 

B. and O. R. R., or Penn. R. R., 
and York River Line . . . . 

9 



35,— 
4,50 
2,— 



8.30 
4,25 



2 50 

12,50 

3,90 

8,— 

7,— 



6,90 
2,25 

10,- 
9,— 
8,30 



From New York to 



via 



Un- 
limited 

Doll. 



Rutland, Vt. . . 
Sacramento, Cal. . 

St. Augustine, Fla. 

St. Joseph, Mo. 

11 11 11 

11 . 11 " 

St. Louis, Mo. . 

11 11 11 ' 
11 11 11 

St. Paul, Minn. 



)i 11 11 

11 11 11 

11 11 11 



Salt Lake City, Utah 



11 11 1* 
11 11 11 



San Francisco, Cal. 

i> >i 11 



11 11 



Saratoga Springs, 

N. Y. - 
Savannah, Ga. . . 



Sharon Springs, N.Y, 

Springfield, 111. . . 

11 11 • • 



New York Central and Hudson 
River 

New York Central or Pennsylvania 

Erie ot West Shore 

Baltimore and Ohio or Lehigh 
Valley 

Washington, Richmond, and Wil- 
mington 

Washington , Lynchburg , Char- 
lotte and Columbia or Atlanta 

Steamers to Charleston or Sa- 
vannah 

New York Central or Pennsylvania 

Erie or West Shore R. R. . . 

Baltimore and Ohio or Lehigh 
Valley _. 

New York Central or Pennsylvania 

Brie or West Shore R. R. . . . 

Baltimore and Ohio or Lehigh 
Valley 

New York Central or Pennsylvania 

Brie or West Shore R. R. . . . 

Pennsylvania R. R 

Baltimore and Ohio or Lehigh 
Valley 

New York Central or Pennsylvania 

Brie or West Shore R. R. , . . 

Baltimore and Ohio or Lehigh 
Valley • 

New York Central or Pennsylvania 

Erie or West Shore R. R. . . . 

Baltimore and Ohio or Lehigh 
Valley 

Canada Pacific via Portland, Ore 

New York Central and Hudson 
River or West Shore R. R. 

Washington, Richmond and 
Charleston 

Washington, Lynchburg and 
Charlotte 

Steamer (Pier 35, North River) . 

New York Central and Hudson 
River > _ • 

New York Central or Pennsylvania 

Erie or West Shore R. R. . . . 

Baltimore and Ohio or Lehigh Vail. 

10 



6,64 



16- 



4,20 



20,- 



From New York to 



via 



Un- 
limited 

Doll. 



Limi- 
ted 

Doll. 



Springfield, Mass. . 
Staunton, Va. . . 

Toledo, Ohio . . 



Trenton FaUs, N. T, 
Washington, D. C. 
Watkins Glen, N. T. 
"White Mountain s,N.H. 

»i 5? i? 

White Sulphur 

Springs, W. Va. 
Wilkesbaare, Pa. . 

Wilmington, N. C. 

Yosemite Valley Cal. 



New York and New Haven R.E. 
Pennsylvania or Baltimore and 

Ohio 

New York Central or Brie , . 
Baltimore and Ohio or Lehigh 

Valley 

New York Central and Hudson 

River 

Pennsylvania or Baltimore and 

Ohio 

Erie or New York Central E. R. 

Lehigh Valley R. R 

New York and New Haven R. R. 
Any steamer route to Boston, 

thence by R. R 

Pennsylvania or Baltimore and 

Ohio 

Morris and Essex, Lehigh Valley, 

or New Jersey Central R. R. . 
Pennsylvania or Baltimore and 

Ohio . 

Side excursion from San Francisco 



2,75 



6,50 
6,55 
7,70 
9,75 



50,— 



11,05 
16,26 

16,— 

5,40 



6,45 

13,80 

4,35 

16,35 



11 



INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 



Only a few decades back America 
'■ did not appear to Europeans suf- 
ficiently attractive to produce an ardent 
desire for a trip across the- Atlantic 
Ocean. But since then, the year by 
year steadily and enormously in- 
creasingcommercialrelationsbetween 
the two hemispheres and particularly 
those successful efforts of the ''North 
German Lloyd" , which surrounds 
its travelers with every possible 
modern comfort on its large, fast 
and convenient Ocean steamers, have 
proved to be mighty factors in in- 
ducing numberless foreigners to visit 
America on pleasure as well as on 
business. Besides that, however, it 
has become now an undisputed fact, 
that the natural beauties of the "New 
World" are of such grandeur and 
most peculiar charm as to fascinate 
and astonish even the most fastidious 
visitors from abroad. No wonder! 
Where in the whole world, for in- 
stance, is there anything to compare 
with the marvelous grandeur of the 
"Niagara Falls"? Where — except 
perhaps in the Himalaya mountains 
— axe such giants as the "Pico de 
Orizaba" or the snowcrowned Vul- 
canos "Popocatepetl" and "Ixtacci- 
huatl" ? At every town the eye rests 
on landscapes of great beauty, on 
abundant and manifold specimens 
of flora and fauna. The cities, natur- 
ally, are too young, to possess those 
attractions , which make so many 
ancient and historical cities of the 
old world famous. But this lack of 
antiquity is amply compensated for, by 
the thoroughly practical, modern, one 



might almost say, daring style in the 
buildings of the cities and in the 
customs of their inhabitants. 

Before going into particulars, the 
reader will probably find a few words 
of general information interesting. 

MONEY. 

The currency used in the United 
States is the Dollar, which is worth 
a trifle more than 4 Mai-ks German, 
4 Shillings English or 5 Francs 
French money. A Dollar is divided 
into 100 Cents. One Cent con- 
sequently is equal to about 4 Pfen- 
nige in Germany and 5 Centimes in 
France. In all parts of the United 
States, except in California, payment 
is made almost entirely in paper and 
the following denominations of Notes 
are now in circulation: 

1. United States Notes at 1, 2, 5, 
10, 20, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 Doll. 

2. United States Treasury Notes 
at 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500 and 
1000 Dollars. 

3. United States Silver Certifi- 
cates at 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500, 
and 1000 Dollars. 

4. United States Gold Notes at 
20, 50, 100, 500, 1000, 5000 and 
10,000 Dollars. 

5. National Bank Bills at 1, 2, 5, 
10, 20, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 Doll. 

Silver Coin is circulating in pieces 
of 1 Dollar, 50 Cents, 25 Cents and 
10 Cents, Nickel-pieces at 5 Cents, 
Copper-pieces at 1 and 2 Cents. 



13 



CLIMATE. 

The degree of temperature in the 
United States is measured and re- 
gistered by the Fahrenheit Thermo- 
meter, according to which O (Zero) 
is 32 degrees below the freezing 
point. In order to compare Fahren- 
heit with systems of Reaumur and 
Celsius, it wiU be necessary in the 
first place to deduct these 32 degrees, 
which makes the O or Zero-points 
even. This done, divide the remain- 
der by 9 and multiply the number 
received by 4, if the Reaumur, and 
by 5 if Celsius-degree is to be ascer- 
tained. During the Summer the 
average temperature of New York is 
about 86—90 degrees Fahrenheit, 
which equals 26 to 28 degrees Re- 
aumur or 30—33 degrees Celsius. 
Along the coast the temperature is 
considerably lower while the interior 
and especially the southern parts of 
the country are very much warmer. 
The most agreeable season is the 
autumn untiU end of November. 

LANGUAGE. 

The English language is used in 
the United States, but m New York, 
as in all the large cities of the West, 
a great deal oi German is spoken 
as well 

HOTELS. 

The prices of hotel accoiomodations 
always include light and service, ex- 
cept cleaning clothes and shoes. The 
beds are comfortable, very wide, and 
in many hotels charges are the same, 
whether the bed is occupied by one 
or two persons. In almost all hotels 
lodging can be had with meals, table 
d'hote (American plan), or without 
meals, a la carte (European plan). 
Exorbitant extra charges, not agreed 
upon in advance, £ire not known 
in the United States and the custom 
of tipping, which during the last few 
years has found its way from Europe 
over here into hotels and restaurants, 
has not yet become obligatory. 

BAGGAGE. 

Hotel-employers or Hotel-omnibus 
do not transfer baggage. Unless a 



private conveyance be engaged, 
baggage is forwarded exclusively by 
the variousExpress-Companies, whose 
agents wdl be found at all R. R. 
stations and on board of trains neat 
all large cities. The dehvery is 
prompt and speedy. 

AMERICAN PLAN. 

The style of living on the American 
plan in our thoroughly American 
hotels bears an entirely different 
character from the table d'hote in 
hotels on the European continent. 
The courses are not served as they 
follow in the menu unless so ordered. 
Guests usually make a selection from 
the bill of fare and their order is 
served all together in separate small 
dishes. But it is also customary to 
order soup and fish together, then 
the other courses except the dessert, 
which is then served with the coffee 
or tea. 

RESTAURANTS 

In all the large cities there are a 
o-reat number of restaurants, at which 
a so called "regular dinner" is served 
in much the same way as table 
d'hote in Europe. Particularly all first 
class hotels in New York, Chicago. 
St. Louis &c. are connected with 
such. In those restaurants not serv- 
ing on the American plan, but only a 
la carte, the portions are usually very 
large, one portion being sufficient 
for two persons, while in many cases 
half-portions may be obtained. The 
smaller restaurants do not _ serve 
beer wine and other intoxicating 
drinks on account of the high license 
imposed, but there are innumer- 
able Bar-rooms, not connected with 
restaurants. 

FREELUNCH. 

A very peculiar custom is illustrated 
by the Freelunch, which is served 
in ahnost every Bar-room. For the 
purpose of attracting guests, sand- 
wiches, pickles, crackers, (biscuits) 
cheese &c. are arranged at one end 
of the counter, or at a side table. 
To these any one buying drinks may 
help himself free of charge. This 



14 



custom was forbidden by law in New 
York some time ago, but that prohibi- 
tion has been lately revoked. 

SUNDAY. 

In most every State of the Union 
the question of keeping the Sabbath 
has become a very serious one. All 
banks, offices and large stores usually 
close on Saturday at midday and 
remain closed over Sunday. Only 
such stores, in which victuals may 
be obtained, are open Sunday morn- 
ing for a short time. Bar-room 
keepers are not allowed to sell beer, 
wine or liquors after 12 p.m. Satur- 
day. Such drinks can only be had 
in restaurants and hotels on Sunday, 
provided a meal, or at least a sandwich, 
has been ordered at the same time. 

ICE CREAM, SODA WATER, 
"SOFT DRINKS". 

The quantity of Ice Cream, mineral 
water and so called "soft drinks" 
consumed during the hot months in 
America is beyond all calculation. 
This kind of refreshments may be 
purchased at confectioneries as well 
as in almost all drug stores. 



CLEANING OP BOOTS 

is in the United States a trade carried 
on by socalled "bootblacks". At 
nearly eill the street comers there 
are bootblack-stands. The prices 
are five and ten cents. If called for, 
the bootblacks also come into the 
houses. 



SPECIAL CUSTOMS. 

The roadways in the cities of the 
United States are seldom passed 
except at the corners of the streets, 
where crossings are laid expressly 
for pedestrians. On crowded 
corners police officers are charged 
with the regulation of the traffic. 

On the streets in Germany the 
gentleman always leads the lady on 
the right side, in France always on 
his left. In the United States a 
gentleman places himself so that he 
is between the lady and the roadway. 

On meeting in the street, the lady 
should salute first. 

At meals at home or in restau- 
rants the plates are placed before 
the host, who serves guests and 
relatives. 



AA/VVWW\AAAA/VV\ 



15 



ALABAMA. 



History. It is supposed that Ala- 
bama was first visited by white men 
in 1541, when the gallant troops of 
De Soto passed through its wilder- 
nesses, on their memorable explor- 
ing expedition to the great Missis- 
sippi. In 1702, a fort was erected 
ia Mobile Bay by a Frenchman 
named Bienville, and nine years later 
the present site of the city of Mobile 
was occupied. At the peace of 1763, 
this territory passed mto the pos- 
session of the English, with all the 
French possessions (except New 
Orleans) east of the Mississippi. 
Until 1802 Alabama was included 
in the domain of Georgia, and after 
1802 and up to 1817 it was a part 
of the Mississippi Territory. At 
that period it was formed into a 
distinct government, and was ad- 
mitted in 1819 into the Union as an 
iadependent State. 

The population of Alabama in 1860 
mcluded 526,271 whites and 425,000 
negroes slaves, owned by some 
30.000 farmers. Then the fifth state 
in the Union in the value of its 
agricultural products and the seventh, 
as regards wealth. Its valuation 
sank from 792,000,000 in 1860 to 
202,000,000 in 1865, pardy due to 
the emancipation of the slaves. 

The reestablishment of the Nat- 
ional power after the Civil War, was 
lollowed by unhappy years of "car- 
pet-bag" administration, when the 



treasury of the state suifered from 
venal legislation, her standard 8 % 
bonds falling to 20 cents on a dollar. 
Alabama has since resumed her place 
as one of the most conservative 
states in the Union, with a strong 
and efficient government. The 
mineral wealth of the state has 
greatly developed of late years, the 
mines in the northern part of the 
state, competing with those of Penn- 
sylvania in the yield of coal and 
iron; the output of pig iron alone 
in 1888, amounting to 791,425 tons. 

The name of the State is derived 
from its chief river, being of Indian 
origin. There is a poetic legend, 
that an exiled Indian tribe reached 
the great river, when the chief struck 
his spear into the bank, exclaiming; 
"Alabama" = "Here we rest". It 
is also sometimes called the "Cotton 
Plantation State". The fertile Ten- 
nessee Valley stretches out towards 
the east, along the blue highlands 
of the Raccoon and Lookout Ranges. 
The present population of the State 
is 1,513,017, more than half of whicli 
is colored. 

WhUe the upper portion of the 
State is thus rude and hilly, the 
central falls into fertile prairie reach- 
es. The extreme southern edge for 
fifty or sixty miles from the ^ilf, is 
sometimes a sandy, sometimes a rich 
alluvial plain. 



17 



The climate, like most of all the 
southern line of States, varies from 
the characteristics of the tropics 
below, through all the intermediate 
degrees to the salubrious and in- 
vigorating air of the mountain lands 
above. 

The chief agricultural product of 
Alabama is cotton, of which great 
staple it yields more than any other 
State in the Union. Extensive cane- 
brakes once existed, but they have 
been greatly cleared away. Sugar 
cane grows on the south-west neck, 
between Mobile and the Mississippi. 
Many of the rich alluvial tracts yield 
rice abundantly. Tobacco, also, is 
produced. Indian corn, oats, sweet 
potatoes, buckwheat, barley, flax, j ^}, 
and silk, are much cultivated, besides 
many other grains, fruits, and veget- 
ables, and large supplies of live 
stock of all descriptions. 



ANNISTON, Ala. 

One of the Icirgest cities in Alabama 
with some 10,000 inh. and one of the 
loveliest places of the South, situated 
on a healthy and pleasant plateau of 
northeastern Alabama, 900 feet above 
the sea, amid the picturesque wooded 
spurs of the Blue Ridge. Anniston is 
built upon and surrounded by enor- 
mous beds of brown hematic ore, easily 
accessible and cheaply mined. The 
first class coking coals of the Coosa 
and Cohala mines are respectively 
within 25 and 45 miles; and the 
Anniston valley abounds in limestone 
for fluting. Seven charcoal fur- 
naces make yearly 50,000 tons of 
tough carrakeel iron; and two coke 
furnaces make 100,000 tons of pig 
iron. The country about Anniston 
is veiy fertile, especially along the 
Choccolocca and Alexandria Valleys, 
and among its other products the 
city handles 60,000 bales of cotton 
yearly. Under these favorable cir- 
cumstances Anniston has constructed 
a capital cotton compress and one 
of the largest cotton-mills in the 
South. Anniston is oue of the most 
remarkable centers of the iron- 
industry in Alabama, and also a 
popular vacation-resort. The Noble 
Institutes for Boys and Girls are 
good schools. 



BESSEMER, Ala. 

600 ft above the sea, in the beauti- 
ful amphitheatre of Jones Valley, 
between Red Mountain and Rock 
Mountain. 

17 mis southwest of Birmingham, 
an important center of the flour- 
ishing iron-industry of Alabama. 
Foimded in 1887, it arose within 
three years to a population of 4544 
and to the position of an important 
manufacturing city and railway center 
with seven furnaces iu full blast, 
large rolling-mills and cast-iron-pipe- 
works, five-brick works, and many 
smaller industries, besides handsome 
public buildings and business blocks. 
The ore can be mined and delivered 
the furnaces for 55 cts a ton. 
Within 25 miles there are 600,000 
acres of coal-fields, estimated to 
contain 30 billion tons, and yielding 
62^2 procent of coke. The great 
mines on this belt deliver coal in 
Bessemer at 80 cts a ton. The 
purest Trenton limestone abounds 
in Jones Valley, and is delivered in 
the city at 60 cts. a ton. 9 railways 
center here. 

BLUFFTON, Ala. 

Stands high on the Eastern- 
Alabama foot-hills, with cliffs of 
hematic iron ore all about it, 
furnishing material for several 
furnaces. 

DECATUR, Ala. 
A war-shattered old village of 1500 
people on the broad and navigable 
Tennessee, early in 1887, when 
New Decatur arose, to be to-day a 
manufacturing city of some 8,000 inh. 

EUFAULA, Ala. 

A growing town of Alabama with 
some 5000 mh., perched on a bold 
bluff overlooking the Chattahoochee, 
facing Georgia. Notable College for 
Women. 

FLORENCE, Ala. 

A flourishing city of Alabama 
with some 6000 mh. on the Tennessee, 
29 miles before its entrance iuto the 
State of Mississippi. A notable 
college for women, and a normal 
school for boys. 



18 



HUNTSVILLE, Ala. 

A beautiful aud flourishmg moun- 
tain town of Alabama, with about 
8000 souls, on the line of the 
Memphis and Charleston Railway; 
famous for its great flowing spring, 
the capital of the richest of the 
Tennessee Valley counties and busily 
carrying on manufactures. Seat of 
the oldest Normal School for Colored 
Boys, in Alabama. Near Huntsville, 
is the Hotel Monte Sano, 1691 ft. 
above the level of the sea, with 
valuable iron and alum waters, 
besides charming scenery. 

MONTGOMERY, Ala. 
The Capital of Alabama, a flour- 
ishing city, with some 25,000 inhab- 
tants on the Alabama River, 331 
miles from Mobile; artesian wells, 
street cars electric lights; a busy 
railway center and winter resort of 
numerous persons from the North. 
An old-fashioned southern city, with 
quaint country seats, nestled in 
groves of, live oak. The town was 
founded in 1817, and took its name 
from Gen. Richard Montgomery, who 
fell at Quebec. During the Civil 
war, Montgomery was the first 
Capital of the Confederate States. 
Manufacturing is steadUy on the 
increase and some 130,000 bales of 
cotton are handled here every year. 
Fine view from the State Capitol. 
The usual public buildings and two 
theaters. The Alabama River is 
navigable as far as Montgomery. 
Five important railroads converge 
at this point. 

FORT PAYNE, Ala. 

A flourishing city of Alabama, 
90 mis noth-east of Birmingham 
founded in 1889, by New-Englanders, 
who bought 32,000 acres of land 
here, with the coal-seams of Lookout- 
Mountains on one side, and the iron 
ores of Red Mountain on the other, 
and beds of limestone between. It 
has a population of about 5000. 

SELMA, Ala. 
An important cotton mart, manufac- 
turing town and railway center, with 
some 8000 inhabitants, on the 
Alabama River. 



SHEFFIELD, Ala, 

One of the interesting new cities 
of northwestern Alabama, with its 
fortunes securely based on the 
manufacture of iron. It was founded 
in 1885, on a bold bluff, midway 
between Tuscumbia and Florence, 
and fronting on the broad and deep 
Tennessee River. Unlimited supplies 
of fine brown iron-ore and the best 
of coking coal are available within 
20 miles, and have resulted in the 
erection here of 5 blast-furnaces, 
with a capacity of 700 tons of pig- 
iron daily. The ores are of remark- 
able excellence, requiring only a 
pound of coke to make a pound of 
metal, and producing but little slag. 
A great advantage enjoyed by this 
"Iron City on the Tennessee River" 
is in the low price of freights by 
water, amounting to but $1 a ton 
to St. Louis. Many important ports 
on the Tennessee, Ohio and Missis- 
sippi are reached by steamer from 
this city; and railways run to 
Birmingham and other points. 

TUSCALOOSA, Air. 

upon the Black Warior River, at the 
head of steamboat navigation, 125 
miles by plankroadfromMontgomery.' 
One of the principal towns of 
Alabama and once the capital. 
It is the seat of the University of 
Alabama, established 1881, with 
18 professors and 240 students 
The State Lunatic Asylum and a 
United States Land Office are 
also located here. Its population is 
about 4,200. 

Tuscaloosa lies between the rich 
corn and cotton-fields of the Warrior 
Valley and its famous coal-fields. 

THE ALABAMA RIVER 

is a grand navigable stream, formed 
by the confluence, some ten miles 
above Montgomery, of the Coosa and 
the Tallapoosa. About 45 miles above 
the Mobile it is joined by the Tombig- 
bee and the united waters are thence 
known as the Mobile River. The 
Alabama is navigable for large 
steamers through its whole course 
of 460 miles, from the citv of Mobile 
to Wetumpka. It has long been, 



19 



and still is, a peirt of the great 
highway from Boston and New York 
to New Orleans. It flows through 
a country of rich cotton fields, broad 
savanna lands, and dense forest tracts. 

THE TOMBIGBEE RIVER 
flows 450 miles from the north-east 
corner of Mississippi.firsttoDemopolis 
Alabama, where it imites with the 
Black Warrior, and thence to the 
Alabama River, about 45 miles 
above Mobile. Its course is through 
fertile savanna lands, occupied by 
cotton plantations. Aberdeen, Co- 
lumbus, Pickensville, Gainesville, and 
Demopolis, are upon its banks. Large 
steamboats asceiLd S36 miles to Co- 
lumbus. 

THE BLACK WARRIOR RIVER 

unites at Demopolis with the Tom- 
bigbee (see Tombigbee above). Tus- 
caloosa, the capital of the State, is 
upon its banks. To this point large 
steamboats regularly ascend, 305 
miles, from Mobile. The Indian name 
of this river was Tuscaloosa, and it 
is still thus sometimes called. 



THE CHATTHOOCHEE. 

forms a part of the Eastern boun- 
dary of the State. 

THE MUSCLE SHOALS, Ala. 

are an extensive series of rapids 
in that part of the Tennessee River 
which lies in the extreme northern 
part of the State. The descent of 
the water here is 100 feet in the 
course of 20 miles. The neighbor- 
hood is a famous resort of wild 
ducks and geese, which come in 
great flocks in search of the shell- 
fish from which the rapids derive 
their name. Boats cannot pass this 
part of the Tennessee except at 
times of very high water. A canal 
was once built around the shoals, 
but it has been abandoned and is 
falling into decay. 

THE NICKAJACK CAVE, Ala. 

Enters the Raccoon Mountains a 
few miles below Chattanooga, Ten- 



nessee, and the Lookout Moxmtain, 
and immediately finds its way into 
Georgia. A magnificent rocky arch 
of some 80 feet span forms the 
mouth of the cavern, high up in the 
moimtain side. Just beneath, is a 
dainty little lakelet, formed by the 
waters of a mysterious brook, which 
comes from the interior of the cave, 
and disappears some distance from 
the point of egress, rising again 
without. How the waters of this 
singular pond vanish, no one knows, 
any more than how they come; but 
vanish they do, for some distance, 
when they are again seen, making 
their way, like aS ordinary mortal 
waters, toward other streams. The 
passage of the cave is made in a 
canoe, on this subterranean and 
nameless stream, now through 
immense chambers of grand stalac- 
tites, and now through passages so 
narrow, that to pass, one must crouch 
down on his back and paddle his 
way against the walls and roof of 
the Procrustean tunnel. We thus 
explored the Nickajack some years 
ago for seven miles, without finding 
its end or any signs thereof At 
that period no traveler had before 
penetrated so far, and we have not 
heard of any additional revelations 
since. This wonderful Avernus was 
at one period of long ago, the 
rendevous of the band of a certain 
negro leader, known as Nigger Jack. 
His moimtain head-quarters were 
thus called "Nigger Jack's" Cave, a 
patronymic refined at this day into 
the more romantic name of the 
Nickajack. Large quantities of salt- 
petre are found here. 

THE MINERAL SPRINGS OF 
ALABAMA. 

Mineral Springs abound in the 
upper part of Alabama. The Blount 
Springs, in Blount County, near the 
BlackWarrior river,are muchresorted 
to; and so also the Bladen Springs' 
in Choctaw County, in the western 
part of the State, near the line of 
the Mobile and Ohio Railways. At 
Tuscumbia a spring issues from a 
fissure of thclimestone rock, discharg- 
ing 20,000 cubic feet of water per 



20 



minute. It forms a considerable 
brook, which enters the Tennessee 
2^4 miles below. There are valuable 
sulphur springs in Shelby and 
Talladega counties. Shelby Springs 
are near Columbiana, on the Alabama 
and Tennessee River Railway. 

MOBILE, Ala. 

On the west-side of Mobile river, 
immediately above its entrance into 
Mobile Bay, 30 miles frqm the Gulf 
of Mexico. 

Mobile was foimded by the French, 
about the year 1700, and was ceded 
by that nation to England in 176B. 
In 1780 England surrendered it to 
Spain, and on the 5th of April, 1813, 
it was made over by the Spanish 
government to the United States. 
It was incorporated as a city in 
December, 1819. 

The city is pleasantly situated on 
a broad plain, elevated 15 feet above 
the highest tides, and has a beautiful 
prospect of the bay, from which it 
receives refreshing breezes. Ve.ssels 
having a draft of more than 8 ft at 
of water cannot come directly to the 
city, but pass up Spanish River, six 
miles round a marshy island, into 
Mobile River, and then drop down 
to the city. As a cotton mart, and 
a place of export, Mobile ranks next 
in importance to New Orleans and 
Charleston. In 1896 the tonnage of 
this port was upwards of 2o,000 
tons. The city is supplied with ex- 
cellent water, brought in iron pipes 
for a distance of two miles, and 
thence distributed through the city. 
This port is defended by Fort 
Morgan (formerly Fort Bower), situ- 
ated on a long, low, sandy point, at 
the mouth of the bay, opposite to 
Dauphin Island. A light-house is built 
on Mobile Point, the lantern of which 
is 55 feet above the level of the sea. 

Population 31.076. 



Mobile carries on an extensive 
trade in cotton, exporting 230,000 
bales a year, it also carries on a 
large trade in lumber, coal and naval 
stores, besides other profitable manu- 
facturing interests. The broad and 
quiet streets are shaded their entire 
length by live oaks and magnolias 
and the gardens are fragrant with 
the perfume of the jessamine and 
the orange. The city is well con- 
nected by railway lines with the out- 
side world and has also steamship 
lines to New York and Liverpool. 



I The principal buildings in Mobile 
are the Custom House and Post 
I Office, at the corner of Francis and 
' Royal Streets; the Court Hotise; 
U- S. Marine Hospital; the City 
Hospital; the Armoury; the Cotton 
Exchange; the Barton Academy; 
the Medical College and the Cathe- 
dral. Governm.ent St. contains fine 
residences. The Shell Road is a 
famous harborside drive. 



BIRMINGHAM, Ala. 
The foremost city of Alabama, 
with 26,178 inhabitants, in Jones 
Valley, 6 miles from Red Mountain, 
which contains millions of tons of 
Lematic iron ore, close to inex- 
haustible supplies of coal and lime- 
stone. Founded in 1871, by the 
Elyton Land Co., it has become "The 
Magic City of the South", with the 
largest rolling mills below Rich- 
mond, manufacturing rail and bar 
iron, plate and sheet iron, and fac- 
tories for making ice, glass, stores, 
bridges, chains, steel cars, and many 
other articles. The convergence 
here of six railways gives unusual 
facilities for shipment. 25 furnaces 
are now at work in and near this 
city, giving cheap iron to the world. 
It has now 11 public schools, 22 
churches, a female college, and an 
opera house. Terminus of the Kansas 
City, Fort Scott and Memphis R. R. 



21 



ALASKA. 



Alaska is without doubt a territory 
which claims the greatest interest in 
the United States at present: It has 
been discovered not only to have 
matchless beauties of nature, and in 
spite of a regardless spoil for more 
than 150 years almost inexhaustible 
store of furs, such an abundance of 
eatable fishes as is hardly to be 
found in any part of the world, 
splendid primeval forests extending 
to myriads of square miles, and last 
not least immense fabulous gold- 
treasures in its ground. 

Alaska which has the nick-name 
of "Uncle Sam's Icebox" derives its 
proper name from the Indian word 
Al — ay — ek — sa, that signifies '-The 
great country" and the country is 
mdeed a very large one as it con- 
stitutes about i/a of the entire United 
States and more than one hundred 
part of the whole solid surface of 
the earth. No human foot has 
touched the greatest part of this 
territory and the few white men that 
did enter hitherto did not get much 
farther than the coasts, the course 
of the large rivers and the discovered 
gold-fields; therefore the field is no 
small one for those who wish to 
explore the country, for hunters, 
fishers, prospectors and enteirprising. 
people. 

TRAVELING ROUTES. 
All the most important places of 
south Alaska are sea ports, which 
may be reached by regular steamers 
adl the year round. For travelers 
to Central Alaska there is no other 
way than the all water route from 



23 



San Francisco or Seattle across the 
Pacific Ocean to St. Michaels, from 
thence with the river-steamers on 
the Yukon to the place of destination. 
In Oder to reach the ports of Seattle 
or San Francisco the traveler makes 
use of one of the Pacific Rafiroads. 

The North American Transport & 
Trading Company runs the steam- 
ships Portland & Cleveland from 
Seattle to St. Michaels from there 
they ply the river boats P. B. Weare, 
Cudahy, Hamilton, Power and Klon- 
dike to Dawson City and all river 
stations. The Alaska Commercial 
Company of San Francisco, sends 
the steamers Bertha & Excelsior to 
St. Michaels and the river-boats 
Alice, Arctic, Margaret, Bella and 
Yukon from there to Dawson City 
and the intermediate points. 

The latter company also runs the 
steamer Dora every month during 
the summer from Sitka to Yakutat, 
Cook Inlet, Kadiak and Dutch Harbor 
(Unalaska) and vice versa. 

The Pacific Coast Steamship Com- 
pany's steamers run twice every 
month in winter, and during summer 
season weekly between San Fran- 
cisco to Sitka and intermediate ports, 
and also from Seattle to Wrangel, 
Juneau, Skaguay, KUisnoo and Sitka. 
The Over - Mountain - trails wiU be 
found later on in the description of 
the mines. 

U. S. MAIL. 

Until 1896 a regular Mail-service 
was only between Seattle Wash, and 
the Pacific coast harbours. In the 
spring of 189G a post office was 



authorized at Circle City. The car- 
rier for the first trip started from 
Juneau June 11th and reached Circle 
City July 14th carrying 1474 letters. 
He returned by way of St. Michaels, 
reaching Seattle August 19th Prob- 
ably in no place on the globe is 
such hardship and suffering endured 
as oil the mail route from Dyea to 
Circle City. 

The Canadian government in the 
summer of 1897 authorized a post- 
office at Dawson City. The mail is 
dispatched once a month, the carriers 
get a salary of $ 3,000 per annum. 

There is only one delivery of mail 
every year for the inhabitants of 
the interior of the country, except 
for the residents of the settlements 
on the Yukon in summer times, 
reached by river-boats. 

PROPOSED RAILROADS. 
In 1897 several companies were 
founded for the construction of rail- 
roads over the Chilkoot and White 
passes, and from Stilkeen River or 
Taku Inlet to Lake Teslin and fort 
Selkirk at the confluence of Pelly 
and Lewis rivers. It will, however, 
take some time to finish the rails as 
climate, snowstorms and avalanches 
are great impediments. 

PROPOSED TELEGRAPH LINES. 
The Alaska Telegraph and Tele- 
phone Company was incorporated at 
San Francisco wtth a stock of 
$ 250,000 to construct wires between 
Dawson City and Dyea, and branch 
lines connecting Dyea with Juneau, 
and Dawson City with Circle City. 
The estimated length of these lines 
is 10,000 miles. The plan of con- 
struction will be after the style of 
military systems used in war times, 
the wire laid along the ground instead 
of being stretched on poles. 

AREA AND GEOGRAPHICAL 
DIVISIONS. 

The territory comprises an area 
of about 577,390 sq. mles. with a 
seacoast of 29,364 mles., or nearly 
three and onehalf times the seacoast 
of the balance of the United States. 
It may be divided into six geograph- 
ical sections: 



1) The southeastern with the 
capital Sitka, comprising the coast 
Mt. St. Elias in the north to Port- 
land Canal in the south and about 
1100 large and small islands. It 
is densely wooded and exceedingly 
mountainous in its formation, the 
coast is deeply indented with bays 
and fjords, and for two-thirds of its 
length is sheltered by the Alexander 
Achipelago. 

2) The Kadiak division with the 
capital St. Paul on the Kadiak 
Island, comprises the south coast 
of the Alaska Peninstda with the 
adjacent islands, the Kadiak group. 
Cook Inlet, the Kenui Peinsma 
and Prince William Sound. This 
country is also very mountainous, 
some peaks rising to the height of 
12,000 feet. 

3) The Aleutian division comprises 
the western part of ihe Alaska 
Peninsula and the Aleutian and 
Pritiloff Islands. The Aleutians 
appear to be a continuation of the 
main Alascan range of mountain- 
groups. Treeless country with many 
volcanic peaks and grass growing 
in abundance. 

4) The Ktiskokwin division is 
bounded on the north by the Yukon 
Division and on the east by the 
divide between the Kuskokwtn and 
Tanana rivers. This country has 
been very little explored, is very 
poor in natural products, but has a 
great deal of salmon in the rivers. 

5) The Yukon divison comprises 
the Ytikon valley, as far as it lies 
within the boundaries of the United 
States, with its tributaries. The 
division is bounded by the Arctic 
division on the north, the 141. meri- 
dian of Greenwich on the east, and 
Bering Sea on the west. The 
principal settlement is Circle City, 
situated near where the Arctic Circle 
cuts the Yukon river. 

6) The Arctic division comprises 
that portion of the country between 
the 141. meridian on the east and 
Bering Street on the west, the Yukon 
district on the south and the Arctic 
Ocean on the north. This division, 
situated almost entirely above the 
Arctic Circle, is only known from 
observations made on the seacoast. 
The vast interior, consisting probably 



24 



of frozen moors and low ranges of 
hills, intersected here and there by 
shallow streams, remains almost 
imknown. The harbors are annually 
visited by many ships engaged in 
whaling and trading, and the mhab- 
itants are better accustomed to white 
men than the natives of any other 
region of Alaska. 

CLIMATE — THE MOSQUITOS. 

The northern portion of the 
country has an Ai-ctic Climate, where 
Point Barrow, the most northerly 
point in the United States, has a 
mean summer temperature of 36,8 
degrees. The climate of the interior, 
including in that designation all of 
the country except a narrow fringe 
of coast margin and the southern 
divisions, is one of extreme rigor 
in winter, with a brief, but relatively 
hot summer. The lowest tem- 
peratures registered for the last 
10 years were : — 32 in November, 

— 47 in December, — 59 in Janiiary, 

— 55 in February, — 45 in March, 

— -26 in April. The mean tem- 
perature ranges between — 60 and 

— 70 degrees, according to elevation, 
being highest in the middle and 
lower Yukon valley. The changes of 
temperature from winter to summer 
are rapid, owing to the great increase 
of the length of the day. In May 
the sun rises at about 3 a. m., and 
sets about 9 p. m. In June it rises 
about 1,30 a. m. and sets about 
10,30 p. m., giving about twenty 
hours of daylight, and diffusing 
twilight the remainder of the time. 

In the Klondike region in mid- 
winter, the sun rises from 9,30 to 
10 a, m., and sets from 2 to 3 p. m. 
the total length of daylight being 
about four hom-s. Remembering 
that the sun rises but a few degrees 
above the horizon, and that it is 
wholly obscured a great many 
days, the character of the winter 
months may easily be imagined. 

The southern divisions have a 
very mild climate due to the Japanese 
Ocean current, which splits on the 
eastern end of the Aleutian chain, 
the smallest portion passing north to 
Bering Strait and preventing the 



flow of ice southward, and the other 
portion sweeping south of the 
Alexander Archvpelago , bringing a 
warm, moist atmosphere, which is 
responsible for the remarkable 
rainfall. The rainfall of temperate 
Alaska is notorious the world over, 
not only as regards the quantity 
that falls, but also as to the manner 
of its falling, viz, in long and 
incessant rains and drizzles. Clouds 
and fog naturally abound, there 
being on an average but 66 clear 
days in the yecir. The temperature 
rarely falls to zero; winter does not 
set in until December 1, and by the 
last of May the snow has disappeared 
except on the mountains. The mean 
winter temperature of Sitka is 32,50, 
but little less than that of Wash- 
ington, D. C. 

As a natural result of these 
climatic conditions, the warm weather 
brings swarms of mosquitos. There 
is a feature in this country which, 
though insignificant on the paper, 
is to the traveler the most terrible 
and poignant infliction he can be 
called upon to bear tn a new land. 
That is the clouds of bloodthirsty 
mosquitos, accompanied by a vindic- 
tive ally in the shape of a small 
poisonous black fly, imder the stress 
of whose persecution the strongest 
man with the firmest wUl must either 
feel depressed or succumb to low 
fever. They hold their carnival of 
human torment from the first growing 
of spring vegetation in May, until 
withered by Srost late in September. 
Breeding here as they do in the vast 
network of slough and swamp, _ they 
are able to rally around and infest 
the wake and progress of the 
traveler beyond all adequate descrip- 
tion and language is simply unable 
to portray the misery and annoyance 
accompanying their presence. The 
traveler that exposes his naked eyes 
or face here, loses his natural appear- 
ance; his eyelids swell and close, 
and his face becomes one mass of 
lumps and fiery pimples. Mosquitos 
torture the Indian dogs to death, 
especially if one of these animals, 
by mange or otherwise, loses an 
inconsiderable portion of its thick 
hairy covering, and even drive the 
bear and the deer into the water. 



25 



LAKES AND MOUNTAINS. 
There are lakes in all parts of the 
country. The best known are: the 
small Lake Lindemann north of the 
Chilkoot Pass, so called after the 
secretary of the Bremen geographical 
society, who sent an investigating 
expedition hither" in 1880, Lake 
Bennett, named after the proprietor 
of the New York Herald, lying north 
east of it on British territory; 
likewise Lake Lebarge and Lake 
Teslin, one of the most important 
headwaters of the Yukon. The whole 
country is full of hills and for the 
most pari low mountains, which form 
the divide of many rivers that flow 
through the same. A large alpine 
chain is only to be found in the 
south along the coast where a 
mighty range extends throughout the 
whole country, beginning on the 
borders of British Columbia and 
continuing to the peninsula of Alaska. 
West of Cross Sound, the coast 
mountain range attains an elevation 
of 14,000 to 18,000 feet, covered far 
down with perpetual snow, the 
highest peaks; Mt. St. Elias, Fair- 
weather and Crillon, looming up in 
silent grandeur above them, visible 
in clear weather a distance of 150 
miles at sea. The first to ascend 
Mt. Elias in the summer of 1897 
was the Duke of the Abruzzo's cm 
Italian prince, who had fitted out a 
large expedition for this purpose. 
From Lituaya or Port des francais 
westward, the immediate seacoast is 
comparatively low, wooded gioimd, 
but closely backed by icy declivities 
that come down from the high 
mountain ranges and at head of 
Jackson Bay reach the coast land. 
On the east of the Copper river a 
large branch of the Alps with some 
very high mountains rims to the 
north, gradually sloping in the 
Tanana Hills to the Yukon. West 
of the Copper river, the foot of the 
Chugatsch alps is bathed by the sea 
without any intervening low-land, 
jvith only two or three exceptions 
and these have been utilized for the 
location of settlements. The moun- 
tains on the northern side of Prince 
William Sozind reach a height of 
10,000 to 12,000 feet, all densely 
wooded up to about a height of 



1000 ft, and covered with eternal 
snow from their summit to within 
3000—4000 ft. up the sea-level. 

The islands have many volcanoes, 
but none have been found out with 
a surety in the interior of the coun- 
try. Especially the Aleuto have a 
great many, the Shishal in Volk on 
the Unimak Islands has a height of 
8952 feet. The '>est known is 
the Mt. Edgectnnb . on Baranoff 
Is. and near Sitka, it is only 2600 ft. 
high but a splendid sight as seen 
from the sea. It is also said that 
on Douglas Island, opposite. Juneau, 
there is a volcano in activity. 

RIVER SYSTEM. 

One of the characteristics of Alaska 
is the network of rivers, that covers 
its smface, and that serves as the 
most available means of transport- 
ation. In the Sitkan district land 
travel is simply impracticable, every- 
body travels by water. In the more 
northern regions, the country out- 
side of the mountains is a great ex- 
panse of bog, lakes-large and small- 
with thousands of channels between 
them. 

Beginning on the south, the first 
river of large size is the 5 ikine, 
over 250 mis. in length, but only 
navigable by boats, except during 
the spring freshets. It lies only 30 
mis. m an air line from its mouth 
in Alaskan territory. 

The Chilkat River enters the 
northern extremity of Ejain channel. 

The mouth of the Copper river 
lies in lat. 60 " 17 ' and long 145 • 
20'. The delta is 30 mis. long by 
4 or 5 wide. This river drains ap- 
proximately 25,000 sq. mis., Lieuten- 
ant Allen followed it in 1885 some 
889 mis. 

The Suskitna River empties into 
Cook Inlet. Fort Alexander is 
at the mouth of the Nushagak, said 
to be 150 mis. in length. 

The Kuskokwin is the second 
largest river in Alaska. Its estuary 
is capacious, the tides have a sur- 
prising velocity and an enormous 
rise and fall. 

The Yukon River is formed by 
the junction of the Lewis and Pelly 
rivers, which lie like the Upper 
Yukon on British territory, From 



26 



\ 



the abandoned Fort Selkirk to Dam- 
son City it is named the Upper 
Yttkon, into which two tributaries 
empty, the White and the Stewart 
rivers; from Dawson to the mouth 
of the Tan ana, it is named Middle 
Yukon; from there to Ihe Ocean, 
ihe Lower Yukon. Between Dawson 
and Weare Forty Mile Creek, Birch 
and Beaver Creek '^om. the river On 
the south. The principal northern 
tributaries of the Middle Yukon are 
the Klondike and the Porcupine. 
The Xanana empties into the Yukon 
in the south, about 30 miles below 
the Ramparts and near Weare and 
the great trading ground called 
Nuklukaist, where the Indians are 
accustomed to congregate in the 
spring to meet the white traders. 
This river drjiins about 45,000 sq. 
mis. The Lower Yukon has only a 
few tributaries of importance, but 
many small streams. The Koytiktik 
or Koyakuk is that tributary of 
which Lieutenant Allen says, it drains 
55,000 sq. miles. About 130 mis. 
below Nulato, the Yukon separates 
iato two branches, joining again about 
60 mis. below the point of separation. 
A little below Andreievsky or An- 
dre af sky, the Yukon bends abruptly 
to the north and runs in a north- 
westerly direction to the sea. The 
3 principal outlets of the great river, 
that discharges every hour one-third 
more water /than tbe "Father of 
Waters", are the Aphoon or Upper, 
the Kwikpak or middle, and the 
Kusilvak or lower mouth. The 
Aphoon mouth is only 40 miles in 
length' and has an average width of 
perhaps one-third of a mUe. 

We need not mention the rivers, 
which north of the Yukon empty 
into Kotsebue Sound or the 
Arctic Sea, because not available for 
navigation. 

PRIMEVAL FORESTS. 
As the greatest part of the coimtry 
has never been trodden . by a white 
man's foot, no one can tell how 
much of the interior is filled up 
with moras t and moss, with rivers 
and lakes, or is covered with forests, 
but it is quite sure that there are 
a great many with splendid timber 
especially . on the islands in the 



south of the mountain declivities 
near the coast. 

The trees are mostly evergreen, 
the spruce family preponderating to 
an overwhelming extent. With 
reference to quality, the trees may 
be divided as follows: 

1. Sitka spruce (Abies Sitkensis) 
the universal forest tree of Alaska, 
of often gigantic size in the south. 

2. Helmlock (Abies Mertensiana). 
This tree generally exceeds the 
spruce in size, is much less valuable 
as timber, but well adapted for fuel. 

.3. Balsam fir (Abies Canadiensis) 
Under the bark of this tree there is 
a resin similar to the Canadian 
Balsam. It has a very pleasant smell 
and causes the woods to have a most 
Delicions odor. 

4. Yellow cedars (Cupressus Nut- 
kanensis) this tree is one of the 
most valuable woods on the Pacific 
coast, combining a fine close texture, 
with great hardness, durability and 
a peculiar, but pleasant odor. The 
Russians named it "Dushnik" (scent- 
ed wood) on account of the last 
named quality. 

Red and yellow cedars are only to 
be found in the south and not so 
frequently as the last named. 

5. Scrub Pine (Pinus contorta) 
found throughout the interior of 
Alaska in small, scattered bodies up 
to the highest latitudes, but of no 
value as timber. 

6. Besides these coniferous trees 
there are very few leaved woods to 
be found with the exception of 
Oregon alder, birch and willow. 

A great deal of Driftwood is washed 
upon the shores of Bering Sea and 
the Arctic, the first coming for the 
greatest part from the Yukon. This 
wood is only good for fuel. 
GLACIERS. . 

There are about 5000 glaciers in 
Alaska, some amongst them are so 
gigantic that they cover^ hundi-eds 
of square mUes with an ice-area of 
several miles in diameter. Nothing 
wiU interest the traveler more than 
the glaciers. On the way to the 
north up to Juneau several are to 
be seen glittering in all colors. 
Regarding splendor, these glaciers 
are incomparable and most of them 
surpass the mightiest glaciers of 
27 - 2* 



Switzerland in largeness. The most 
renowTied is the Muir Glacier in 
Glacier Bay, discovered in 1879 by 
Prof. John Muir of California. It 
has a breadth of 1V«— 2 miles and 
extends from its source for more 
than 50 miles into the land with its 
tributaries, it covers a space of, at 
least, 300 square miles. This glacier, 
like all others, sends forth at short 
intervals and sometimes with thun- 
dering noise icebergs, small ice- 
blocks anp flat ice-plains into the 
ocean which surroimd the approach- 
ing ship with a "sea of ice", the 
most magnificent sight you can 
imagine. 

Whilst the icebergs often project 
from 60 — 80 ft. above the water, they 
move more than 3 or 4 times as 
much tmderneath the same and one 
must be verv cai^eful not to collide 
with them. iThe Kuro Schiwo warms 
the water and the ice dissolves, but 
it often takes weeks until such an 
ice-giant is consumed by the waters. 
These glaciers are remnants of the 
ice penod. an epoch in the world's 
history during which a large part of 
Europe and North America were 
covered with ice. It is assumed that 
the ice-period came to an end about 
10,000 years ago, therefore these ice 
masses have a very respectable age. 

THE SILENT CITY, Al. 
Near the Glacier Bay and Mt. 
Elias a most interesting fata morgana, 
resembling an oriental town with 
many cupolas, has often been seen 
and described. As this remarkable 
apparition is of a different nature 
each time, it must be assumed, that 
it is not the picture of a town, 
which could not be found either 
near or far but of ice-masses in the 
sea, reflected by the air. 

MORE THINGS WORTH SEEING. 
The scenery between Puget Sound 
and the waters of Alaska are the 
most magnificent in the country. 
The traveler enjoys a splendid sight 
throughout the way as he passes a 
labyrinth of islands and channels. 
Sometimes he sails through narrow 
and serpentine passages, which can 
only be navigated at slack and high 
tide on account of the terrific current 



which rushes through at other stages 
of the tide. Sometimes he passes 
through channels, hundreds of miles 
in length, as strait as an arrow and 
of unfathomable depths, banked on 
either sides by perpendicular and 
gigantic mountains, whose untrod 
summits are clothed in clouds and ice. 
The waters are always enlivened 
with many whales, dolphms, porpoises 
and all kind of fish, whilst eagles, 
gulls and ducks move round above 
the waters in bands or rest on the 
small rocks. It is very interesting 
to see the Indian squaws, on the 
arrival of the steamer (by the way, 
the arrival of the steamer is the 
great event of the month) sitting 
aiound the sills of the wharf, draped 
in their best raiment, and many of 
them with a portion of their face 
blackened, which added to their 
natural ugliness makes them look 
like the very old Nick himself. The 
more stormy the weather, the less 
clothing these Indians wear as a 
rule, for the outside clothing is 
evidently made more for ornament 
than use. 

HISTORY. 
Czar Peter the Great issued a 
ukase, whereby ships should be built 
in Kamchatka and therewith the 
easternbordersofhis empire explored. 
The commander of this expedition, 
Capt. Vitus Bering, who was born 
in Denmark discovered the isle of 
St. Lawrence in the Bering Sea on 
his first voyage in 1725, and the 
mainland on his second voyage in 
1741. The great richness of sea- 
otter, fur-seals, walrus and other 
valuable animals, living in the sea 
caused the fur hunters and fishers 
to come here, the Russians settled 
here and the Russian American 
Company was the result. The 
Russian Governor Baranoff was the 
founder of New Archangel, (now 
called Sitka), the capital, in 1804. 
The Company not being well man- 
aged, met with very little success and 
committed the execution of their 
charter to the Hudson's Bay Company. 
The latter sued, for a renewal of the 
charter of the Russ. Americ. Comp. 
which expired in the summer of 
1857 to last for 25 years and which 



28 



up to now they only had by lease. 
American merchants had meanwhile 
become aware of the considerable 
resources of the country and urged 
the federal government to purchase 
the coimtry in the same way as it 
did, Louisiana, Florida, California, 
New Mexico and Utah, by giving a 
sum of money. As the Russians 
needed money they resigned their 
sovereignty in 1867 for $ 7,000,000 
whilst $700,000 more were payed 
for the Russian American and other 
companieswho had made investments. 
Since that time Alaska is American 
territory and the district of St. 
Michaels has latterly become a mil- 
itary reservation. The development 
of the country was a very slow one 
in the beginmng, but when the gold- 
fields were discovered and the 
flourishing fish-trade began, a great 
mining center sprung up and thou- 
sands of prospectors came ruto the 
country. Very soon goldmines were 
not only found in the south, but 
also in the Yukoii district to which 
most of the new comers turned. 
In 1897 thfe miniag camps Skagtiay 
and Dyea arose at the ports of the 
Lynn Channel, whilst ia the Klondike 
region Dawson City was founded 
with several thousand inhabitants. 
In consequence of the discoveries of 
many new mines worth at least 
$100,000,000 a very great immigra- 
tion expected from every part of the 
world, it will of course mostly turn 
to the British Northwest territory 
which incloses the whole of the 
IGondike region. 

GOVERNMENT. 
The laws of the United States are 
only partly introduced here, proper 
legislation is still wanting. The 
highest authority is in the hands of 
the Governor of Sitka and the 
military commander in St. Michaels, 
but the administration is not yet 
perfected. There is only one court 
of _ justice. U. S. commissioners 
reside in Sitka, Juneati, Wran^el, 
Kardick and Umabaska, besides 
there are customhouse officers in 
the ports, and a chamber of com- 
merce which has ijo authoritative 
character, constituted by a free 
election of merchants, in Jimeau. 



POPULATION. 

The white population has increased 
during the past year, and will in- 
crease stUl more rapidly. It would 
bfe approximately correct to estimate 
the natives, Mongolians and mixed 
blood at 30,000 and the white at 
10,000. 

INDIAN TRIBES. 

The natives of Alaska are divided 
into four principal families. 

1. The Eskimos, numbering about 
15,000, occupy almost the whole 
coast line west of the 141. meridian, 
the shores of Bering Sea, the Kus- 
kokwin division and partially the 
Kadiak division. 

2. The Tlinkits or Koluschau, 
numbering about 5,000 souls, inhabit 
the southeastern section and the 
Kadiak Island. 

3. The Athapascau include a large 
number of tribes, generally classed 
as "North American Indians", ex- 
tending from the mouth of the 
Mackenzie river in the north, to the 
borders of Mexico ia the south. The 
northern tribe ascend to the west 
nearly to Bering Sea, only touching 
the coast in the northern part of 
Cook Inlet. In Alaska there are 
about 4,000 Athapascau. 

4. The Aleuts, numbering about 
2,000 souls, inhabit some parts of 
the Alaska Peninsula and the Aleut- 
ian Chain. They talk Russian and 
shade off into Russian blood, feat- 
ures and complexion. 

There are also other small tribes 
as the Tsimpseams and Hydas. They 
only live in southeastern Alaska and 
are very much like the Tlinkits in 
character and habits though theu" 
languages are different. Mongolians 
and mixed blood are only in the 
southern parts of the country. Their 
number is about 4,000. 

TOTEM POLES. 
The Tlinkits and Hydas make use 
of totem poles as emblems. It is 
very interesting to see them. They 
are made by cutting down a good, 
straight cedar tree, dressing it down 
to the desired size, and then carving 
it in a very rude way, with figures 
of birds, Indian warriors and other 
fantastic shapes, which very much 



29 



resemble Chinese carving. After 
these poles receive a sufficient 
amount of labor and skill, they are 
raised and planted on an end before 
the owner's hut. Great value is 
attached to some of them, a couple 
of thousand dollars being considered 
a very reasonable price for the 
largest £ind choicest. 

MINES. 

Gold, silver, copper, lead, coal and 

iron are found in Alaska. Since the 

territory was discovered, the Indians 

have shown much native copper. 

Large beds of iron and coal are 

known to exist in many parts of 

Alaska, but they are not yet worked. 

Gold was first discovered in 1872 

near Sitka. Since then large mining 

districts have been organized in the 

vicinity of Juneau, on Douglas 

Island, on Portage Bay, on Berner's 

Alaska Treadwell Gold 

„ Mexican „ 

„ Commercial „ 

Nowell 

Berner's Bay „ 

Bald Eeagle „ 

Juneau „ 

Ebner „ 

Jualin „ 

Alaska Willoughby „ 

The Alaska Treadwell Gold Mining 
Co. has a vein of 400 feet in width, 
carrying free gold and auriferous 
pyrites. The ore is of such low 
grade that were it not for the 
peculiar situation of the mine, which 
reduces cost to a minimum (only 
$1, — per ton,) it could hardlj be 
worked at a profit. The quantity of 
ore existing here appears inexhaus- 
tible, and this year the number of 
stamps from 240 will be augmented 
to 540 Miners who get $2—2,50 per 
diem with board and lodging, Indians 
$2, — without board. 

There will be a very large devel- 
opment in gold mines, 380 new 
mining claims having been recorded 
at Juneau last year. Sheep Creek, 
near Juneau, is the only place where 
silver is produced. Rich silver ore 
has been found north of Golovnin 
Bay, and attempts have been made 



Bay, on Kadiak Island, in the Yukon 
valley and many other places. The 
first discoveries in the Yukon 
district were made in 1881 on 
Stewart, Tanana and Lewis rivers. 
In the following yesirs gold was 
found on Forty Mile Creek and its 
tributaries. Birch Creek, with its 
various branches was discovered in 
1893 and Circle City founded. 

The production of gold is estimated 
for the year 
1881 as $ 15,000 gold. 

1893 as $ 1,100,000 gold and $15,000 

silver. 

1894 as $ 2,000,000 gold. 

1895 as $ 3,000,000 gold. 

1896 as $ 4,670,000 gold and $45,798 

silver. 

1897 as $ 7—8,000,000 gold. 

There are now ten large quarter 
mines and mills in activity. Their 
products the last year were as 
follows: 
Mining Comp. $800,000 

$ 450,000 

$ 500,000 

$160,000 

$ 125,000 

$ 200,000 

$ 35,000 

$ 35,000 

$ 20,000 

$ 15,000 



$ 2,340,000 
to ship the ore, but they proved 
sadly disastrous. A number of loca- 
tions of copper mines have recently 
been made upon Prince William 
Sound. 

Marble is found in many localities, 
but heretofore little attention has 
been given to it. The Russians at 
S tka used to make excellent lime 
from marble obtained in the vicinity 
of the town. 

Coal oil i% floating upon the waters 
around Prince William Sound. 
Parties have now taken this matter 
in hand, and it wUl doubtless be 
well inquired into during this year. 

THE KLONDIKE. 
The discovery of gold upon this 
branch of the Yukon, made in 
August 1896 by Geors^Carmach, 
sthred up the world. The Klondike 
is one of the tributaries of the Yukon 



30 



in British territory. The meaning 
of the name is "Deer river". The 
diggings situated on the creeks, 
emptying in the Klondike, are as 
follows: Bonanza, Eldorado, Slucum, 
Bear's, Creek, Hunker, Gold Bottom, 
Dominion etc. Mr. Henry Bratnober, 
who is associated with the Roth- 
schild's as one of their leading 
experts, has a very high opinion of 
the richness of the country and 
sums up his judgment in the 
following words : 

„I have no doubt. but that other 
paying gulches will be discovered 
this winter, and for a good many 
winters to come. I traveled over 
land 800 miles from salt water to 
the Yukon river, and there is gold 
to be found over the entire distance. 
This indicates, that there is a large 
goldbearing country not only in the 
Northwest Territory, but in Alaska 
as well. So no one need be in a 
great rush, for fear that they will 
get left. There is enough country 
to last for years to meet the desire 
of all who wish to go there and 
prospect." 

The great problem of the Klondike 
and the whole Yukon district is, 
how to get supplies there and sell 
them at profits not akin to robbery, 
and how to distribute them to any 
river, creek, or gulch, where men 
are at work. Capital put into 
enterprise with such ends in view 
will be richly rewarded. 

PROSPECTING IN THE KLON- 
DllOi. 

Mining methods of IQondike are 
strange and adapted to peculiar con- 
ditions. There pay gravel happens 
to lie several feet below musky beds 
of cteeks and must be mined out. 
As running water prevents the min- 
ing out of gravel imder creek beds, 
and so it is all taken out during the 
mohths when everything is frozen 
solid. When the icy chains break 
in the short summer the gravel that 
has been mined, is quickly sluiced 
and the gold cleaned up. Prospect- 
ing consists of sinking a shaft to 
bedrock by alternately thawing the 
ground with fires and digging it out. 
When the bottom is reached the 



31 



prospector knows more than he did 
before. If a pan bottom gravel, 
washed out with water from melted 
ice, shows up rich, the claim is 
worked by txmneling in. In doing 
this, dry wood is piled against the 
face of the drift and then other 
pieces are set slantwise over them. 
As the fire burns, the gravel falls 
down and gradually covers the slant- 
ing shield of wood. The fire smold- 
ers away and becomes charcoal 
burning. It is when it reaches this 
confined stage during the night that 
its heat is most effective against the 
face of the drift. Next day the 
miner finds the face of his drift 
thawed out for a distance from ten 
to eighteen inches, according to 
conditions. He shovels out dirt, and 
if only part is pay du't, he puts only 
that on his dump. Thus at the rate 
of a few inches a day, drifting out 
of precious gravel goes on. 

OVER THE MOUNTAIN TRAILS. 

There are many Indian trails over 
the mountains to the Upper Yukon, 
but they are only fit for Indians and 
old miners, but not at all for tour- 
ists or people not very well drilled 
in Alpine routes. The oldest and 
best is from Fort Wrangell up the 
Stilkeeit river via Telegraph Creek 
and the plateau to Lake Teslin, the 
actual Canadian mail carrier route 
to the Yukon. 

There are also three ways from 
Lynn channel to the Upper Yukon, 
well known as the Chilkooi, the 
White Pass and the Chilkat Pass 
being much shorter and consequently 
rnore in use, than the Stilkeene 
river route. 

The Chilkoot is the shortest of all 
the passes, but also the highest, ris- 
ing 3,500 feet above the sea level. 
It starts at the mouth of the Dyea 
river and follows that river for 
some eight miles, where it enters 
the canyon. The Sheep Camp is at 
timber line, and from there the scene 
is one of extreme desolation, occup- 
ied only by glaciers and mountain 
sheep. From the summit to Lake 
Linaemann are 9 miles, 16 to Lake 
Benttett, 42 to Cariboo Crossing, 
110 to the foot of the Canyon, 170 



to the foot of Lake Lebarge, 330 
to five Finger Rapids and 564 to 
the Klondike. 

The White Pass route begins at 
Skaguay and follows the Skaguay 
ri-'-er up to Edgetnount and then 
turns up to the moimtains. It was 
reported to be the best pass, but 
only a few hundred goldseekers 
were able to overcome the hardships 
of that very difficult route. 

The Chilkat or Dalton trail is the 
most westerly and longest route. It 
avoids the lakes, canyons, rapids etc. 
by keeping to the left, and conies 
out far down on the river. It is 
over this trail that they drive horses 
and cattle. 

METHODS OF PLACER MINING. 

There are three methods of placer 
mining; "the pan" or "hand" method, 
the "rocker" work and the "sluicing". 
Mr. William Ogilvie, a Canadian 
government surveyor and important 
expert in mining matters, gives the 
following description of the process 
of placer mining: 

"After cleanmg all the coarse 
gravel and stones of a patch of 
ground, the miner lifts a little of the 
Srmer gravel or sand in his pan, 
which is a broad shallow dish, made 
of strong sheet-iron, he then puts in 
water enough to fill the pan and 
gives it a few rapid whirls and 
shakes; this tends to bring the gold 
to the bottom on account of its 
greater specific gravity. The dish 
IS then shaken and held in such a 
way that the gravel and sand are 
gradually washed out, care being 
taken to avoid letting out the finer 
and heavier parts that have settled 
to the bottoms. Finally all that 
is left in the pan is whatever gold 
may have been in the dish, and some 
black sand, which almost always 
accompanies it. This black sand is 
nothing but pulverised magnetic 
iron ore. 

"Should the gold thus found be 
fine, the contents of the pan are 
thrown into a barrel containing 
water and a pound or two of mer- 
ciury. As soon as the gold comes 
in contact with the mercury, it com- 
bines and forms an amalgam. This 
process is continued until enough 



32 



amalgam has been formed to pajr 
for "roasting" or "firing". It is then 
squeezed through a buckskin bag, 
all the mercmy that comes through 
the bay being put back into the 
barrel to serve again, and what 
remains in the bag is placed in a 
retort, if the miner has one, if not, 
on a shovel, and heated imtil nearly 
all the mercury is vaporized. The 
gold then remains in a lump with 
some mercury still held in combina- 
tion with it. 

This is called the "pan" or "hand" 
method, and is never, on account of 
its slowness and laboriousness, conti- 
nued for any length of time, when 
it is possible to procure a "rocker", 
or to make and work sluices. 

A rocker is simply a box about 
three feet long and two wide, made 
in two parts, the top part being 
shallow, with a heavy sheet -iron 
bottom, which is punched full of 
quarter inch holes. The other 
part of the box is fitted with an 
inclined shelf about midway in its 
depth, which is six or eight inches 
lower at its end than at its upper. 
Over this is placed a piece of heavj' 
woolen blanket. The whole is then 
mounted on two rockers, much 
resembling those of an ordinary 
cradle, and when in use they are 
placed on two blocks of wood, so 
that the whole may be rocked 
readily. After the miner has selected 
his claim, he looks for the most 
convenient place to set his "rocker", 
which must be near a good supply 
of water. Then he proceeds to 
clear away all the stones and coarse 
gravel, gathering the finer gravel 
and sand near the rocker. The 
shallow box on top is filled with 
this, and with one hand the miner 
rocks it while with the other he 
ladles in water. 

The fine matter, with the gold, 
falls through the holes on to the 
blankets, which checks its progress 
and holds the fine particles of gold, 
while the sand and other matter 
pass over it to the bottom of the 
box, which is sloped so that what 
comes through is washed downward 
and finally out of the box. Across 
the bottom of the box are fixed 
thin slats, behind which, some mer- 



cury is placed to catch any particles 
of gold which may escape the 
blanket. 

If the gold is nuggety, the large 
nuggets are found in the upper box, 
their weight detaining them until 
all the lighter stuff has passed 
through, and the smaller ones are 
held by a deeper slat at the out- 
ward end of the bottom of the box. 
The piece of blanket is at intervals 
taken out and rinsed into a barrel; 
if the gold is fine, mercury is placed 
at the bottom of the barrel, as al- 
ready mentioned. 

Sluicing is always employed when 
possible. It requires a good supply 
of water, with sufficient head or fall. 
The process is as follows: Planks 
are procured and formed into a box 
of suitable width and depth. Slats 
are fixed across the bottom of the 
box at suitable intervals, or shallow 
holes bored iu the bottom in such 
order that no particle could run 
along the bottom in a straight line 
and escape running over a hole. 
Several of these boxes are then set 
up with a considerable slope, and 
are fitted into one anothers at the 
ends like a stovepipe. A stream 
of water is now directed into the 
upper box and is washed down by 
the strong current of water. The 
gold is detaiaed by its weight and 
IS held by the slats or in the holes 
mentioned, if it is fine, mercury is 
behind the slats or in these holes 
to catch it. 

In this way about three times as 
much dirt can be washed as by the 
rocker, and consequently three times 
as much gold can be secured in a 
given time. 

A great many of the miners spend 
their time in the summer "prospect- 
ing" and in the winter resort to 
what is called "burning". They 
make fires on the surface, thus thaw- 
ing the ground until the bedrock is 
reached. The pay dirt is brought to 
the surface and heaped in a pile 
until spring, when water can be 
obtained. The sluice boxes are then 
set up aud the dirt is washed out, 
thus enabling the miner to work 
advantageously and profitably all 
the year roimd. This method has 
been found very statisfactory in 



places where the pay streak is t? 
any great depth from the surface. 
In this way the complaint is over- 
come which has been so commonly 
advanced by miners and others, that 
in the Yukon several months of the 
year are lost in "idleness". 

MINING LAWS. 

The term "placer claim" is defined 
by the Supreme Court ot the United 
States as follows: 

"Ground within defined boundaries 
which contains mineral in this earth, 
sand or gravel ; ground that includes 
valuable deposits not in place, that 
is, not fixed in rock, but which are 
in a loose state, and may in most 
cases be collected by washing or 
Eimalgation without milling." The 
manner of locating claims upon veins 
or lodes. 

In locating a vein or lode claim, 
the United States statutes provide 
that no claim shall extend more than 
300 feet on each side |of the middle 
of the vein of the surface, and that 
no claim shall be limited by mining 
regulations to less than 25 feet on 
each side of the middle of the vein 
of the surface. In locating claims 
called "placers" however, the law 
provides that no location of such 
claim upon surveyed lands shall 
include more than twenty acres for 
eaeh individual claimant. The Supreme 
Court, however, has held that one 
individual can hold as many locations 
as he can purchase and rely upon 
his possessory title; that a separate 
patent for each location is unnecessary. 

Locators have to sh ow proof of 
citizenship or intention to become 
citizens. The locator is entitled to a 
patent upon the payment to the 
register of mining office of $ 5 per 
acre in the case of a lode claim, and 
$ 2,50 per acre for a placer claim. 
The same general rules for acquiring 
a title to a claim apply to the United 
States and Canada. The govern- 
ments make no charge for the land, 
but the holder is required to do at 
least $ 100 worth of work of his 
placer claim or $ 500 worth of work 
of his lode claim every year for five 
years to get an absolute title to it. 

He has the privilege of doing the 
entire $ 500 worth of work at once 



33 



if he chooses to do so, and on proof 
of it may get his patent. The 
Canadian government exacts $ 5 
a year from prospectors as a 
license fee. 

In Alaska and in the Klondike 
region the first miners in a district 
hold a meeting and fix the size of 
the claims, and also agree as to how 
much work shall constitute an 
assessment. The miners also elect 
a register and his fee for recording 
or transferring is the only one 
incumbent upon the owner of a 
claim. 

WHAT THE EXPERTS SAY 
ABOUT THE COUNTRY. 

Dr. William H. Dull, one of the 
curators of the National Museum at 
Washington D. C, a man, who is 
very familiar with the country, having 
been on several geological expeditions 
to Alaska, says that in his opinion 
the reports from there are not exag- 
gerated. He said: 

"The gold bearing belt of north- 
western America contains all the 
gold fields extending into British 
olumbia, that are known as the 
Northwestern, Territory and Alaska. 
The Yukon really runs along in that 
belt 500 or 600 miles. The bed of 
the main river is in the lowlands of 
the valley. 

"The yellow metal is not fotmd 
in paying quantities in the main 
river, but m the small streams 
which cut through the mountains on 
either side. These practically wash 
up the gold. The mud and mineral 
matter is carried into the main river, 
while the gold is left on the rough 
bottom of these side streams. In 
most cases the gold lies at the 
bottons of thick gravel deposits. The 
gold is covered by frozen gravel 
m the winter. Durmg the summer, 
imtil the snow is aU melted, the 
surface is covered by muddy torrents. 
When the snow is all melted and 
the springs begin to freeze, the 
streams dry up. At the approach 
of winter, in order to get at the 
gold, the miners find it necessary 
to dig into the gravel formation. 
Formerly they stripped the gravel 
off until they came to the gold. Now 
they sink a shaft to the bottom of 



the gravel and tunnel along, in the 
gold-bearing layer. 

"The way in which this is done 
is interesting, as is has to be carried 
on in _ cold Weather, when every 
thing is frozen. The miners build 
fires over the area of which they 
wish to work and keep them lighted 
over that territory for the space of 
about 24 hours. Then, at the end 
of the expiration of this period, the 
gravel will be melted and softened 
to a depth of perhaps six inches. 
This is than taken off and other 
fires built, imtil the gold-bearing 
layer is reached. When the shaft is 
down so far/ fires are built at the 
bottom, against the side of the layer, 
aud tunnels made in this manner. 
Blasting would do no good, on 
account of the hard nature of the 
material, and would blow out just 
as out of a gun. The matter taken 
out containing the gold is piled up 
until spring, when the torrents come 
down and is panned and cradled by 
these. It is certainly very haid labor. 

FURS AND FUR-SEALS, 

The fur industry took precedence 
from the first. The Russian-Amer- 
ican Company devoted its energies 
almost exclusively to the collection 
of furs. China furnished a market 
for sea otter and other rich kinds. 
This fur industry has gone on from 
year to year without any let-up. It 
IS estimated, however, that the value 
of the fur-trade of Alaska since the 
discovery of that country bas been 
more than $ 100,000,000. 

In 1892 furs were exported 
From 13 stations in South- 
east Alaska $ 351,000 

Shipped by Alaska Com- 
mercial Comp $ 348,000 

Shipped by other pai-ties, 

western Alaska . . . $ 90,000 

$ 789,991 

The falling off in fur exports is 

principally due to the annihilation 

of fur-seals, effected by pelagic sea 

hunters, killing the female seals. 

All efforts of the United States 

Government for the preservation of 

the fur seals in Alaskan waters have 

failed up to now and in a few years 



34 



no more fur-seals will herd on the 
two surf-bound Pribiloff Islands in 
Bering" Sea. 

FISHERIES. 
The sea which washes the shores 
pi Alaska and its islands is so full 
of the best varieties of fish as to 
hare been a wonder since the day 
in 1741, when Bering first anchored 
in St. Elias Bay. At certain seasons 
a sight of the rivers justifies the 
remark that "there was more fish 
than water". The canning, salting 
and iiying of salmon, halibut, cod 
and herring have already become 
important industries. There are now 
43 carneries and salteries producing 
about 1,000,000 cases of fish, 48 one 
pound cans to the case, and 10,000 
barrels. The canneries at Karhtk 
employ 1,000 people during the 
season and pack more fish than any 
other in the world. In Alaskan 
waters about 75 kinds of eatable fish 
are found. Some hatcheries were 
also established in the last years. 
The total yearly output of the fish 
industry is nearly $ 3,500,000. 

WHALING. 
The Arctic Ocean, north of Alaska, 
is the last whaling ground left. 
Years ago a fleet of 600 ships 
searched the Pacific Ocean for whales. 
Now, not more than fifty vessels are 
thus engaged, mostly manned by 
crews working on shares. Bone is 
more profitable than oil. A single 
bow-head whale yields from 1,000— 
1,500 pounds of bone, worth from 
5 to 6 cts. a pound. In 1893 186,250 
pounds ofwhalebone were exported 
(value $ ] ,210,625), 1,000 pounds of 
ivory (value $ 5,000) and $ 12,228 
barrels of whale oil (value $ 103,668). 
The total value of the whaling industry 
in one year was $1,319,393. 

AGRICULTURE. 
It has been settled by patient ex- 
periments that cereal crops can not 
be grown in Alaska. Nor can the 
fruit trees and smaU fruits of the 
U. S. be cultivated with success, 
unless it be the strawberry and the 
cranberry. Tillmg the soil is limited 
to a few gardens, in which most of 
the staple root crops and vegetables 



are produced.- One of the best 
Alaskan explorers says: Although 
Alaska will not support any con- 
siderable number of people as agri- 
culturists; it is apparent that the 
existence of those who live in the 
territory can be improved by better 
attention to the development of the 
resources latent in the soil in certain 
localities. The people are disincUned 
to labor in this direction, preferring 
the profits of hunting and fishing. 
It will be found that points located 
by Russians one hundred years ago 
as most suitable for gardening are 
the best to day. 

REINDEER. 

The people who live in the north- 
ern and central portions of Alaska 
are brought face to face with star- 
vation, and large numbers of them 
perish for lack of food, They have 
been accustomed to an abundance 
of whales, walrus seals, fish and 
wild reindeer. The white man has 
come with his wonderful machines — 
steamships, bomb-lances, repeating 
rifles and powerful gear. The whales 
go farther north and the Eskimos 
find their food supply diminishing 
year by year, with no hope of better 
times. 

Dr. Sheldon Jackson, general agent 
of education m Alaska, in his "Re- 
port on introduction of domestic 
reindeer into Alaska" says that the 
vast territory of central and arctic 
Alaska, unfitted for agriculture and 
cattle raising, is abundantly supplied 
with long, fibrous white moss, the 
natm-al food of the reindeer. Taking 
the statistics of Norway and Sweden 
as a guide, arctic and central Alaska 
can support at least 9,000,000 rein- 
deer, fui-nishing a supply of food, 
clothing and means of transportation 
to a population of 250,000. The flesh 
is considered eatable, whether fresh 
or cui-ed. The untanned skin makes 
the best clothing for the climate of 
Alaska, and when tanned is the best 
leather for the bookbinder, uphol- 
sterer and glove maker. The hair 
is in great demand, by reason of its 
wonderful buoyancy, in the con- 
struction of life-saving apparatus. 
The horns and hoofs make the best 
glue known to commerce. Alaska 



35 



stocked with this valuable animal, 
enterprises would be developed 
amounting to millions of dollars an- 
nuaUy. It has been demonstrated 
that the deer can be purchased in 
Siberia and transported to Alaska, 
that they can be herded and multi- 
plied. The introduction of families 
of Laplanders who are experts in 
all matters pertaining to reindeer, 
was wise and fortimate. Four years 
of experience with them as herders 
and teachers of the Eskimo apprent- 
ices have proved how wonderfully 
well adapted they are to show forth 
and demonstrate to Eskimos all the 
utility there is in reindeer. 

POINTS FOR HUNTERS. 

The hunter will not find better 
hunting grounds in the world than 
the mountains and primeval forests 
of_ Alaska. The following wild 
animals are found there in abundance : 
The moose, the caribou the reindeer, 
the mountain sheep, the mountain 
goat and the black-taU deer. In the 
Arctic regions the hunter also finds 
the musk ox, but only in limited 
numbers, where |he ice bear is found 
very often. In central and southern 
Alaska there are bears of every kind, 
the brown bear, the grizzly, the 
cinnamon, the black bear and the 
racoon. American Senators, German 
Barons and _ English Lords have 
himted bear in Alaska and have not 
failed to return home and proudly 
exhibit the skin to admiring friends 
as the trophy of their hunt. Their 
are also plenty of game birds and 
pumas, lynxes, wolves and foxes, 
which can be hunted by foreign 
sportsmen. The Indians and the old 
trappers will make excellent guides, 
and those people never betray who 
killed the bear, brought home by the 
party. 

Points for other travelers. There 
is no other time to go to Alaska for 
tomists than hi the mouths of June, 
July and August. Every one must 
take warm clothes and blankets also 
even for pleasure trips, the tem- 
perature on the sea near the glaciers 
and on the mountains, being very 
low. Miners and prospectors should 
start as early in the year as possible 
not later than the first of March, so 

36 



as to be on the spot by the time 
snow melts. 

Indian curiosities and furs are 
sold best in Sitka or Juneau. 

AFOGNIAK, Al. 
Small village on Afogniak Island 
with 267 foreign and native inhab- 
itants. (Kadiak Eskimos). The 
Afognak river is recommended by 
the United States fish commissioner 
as a site suitable for the establishment 
of a salmon hatchery. 

ALEUTIAN ISLANDS, Al. 

There are many extinct volcanoes; 
and several from which at times 
issue vapor and smoke, while one is 
constantly active. This \a.st, Bff^oslov, 
arose in 1882 about three-fourths 
of a mile northwest of the old 
Bogoslov island, and it has been very 
active ever since. The largest settle- 
ment on the islands is Unalaska 
(Dutch Harbor). This place has 
only 157 white and 160 native 
mhabitants. On the Aleutian islands 
there are 2000 souls, 500 being of 
white color and only 25 white ladies 
amongst them. 

It is thought that these islands 
were once densely populated, as 
ruined villages and deserted heeirths 
axe found m every favorable spot. 
Mummies of former inhabitants have 
been found, which are believed to 
be many centuries old. They are 
identical in appearance with those 
of Peru. Arrow heads, stone axes 
and tools of flint abound. The study 
of the Aleutian group will prove 
interesting and instructive to any 
visitor. 



ALITAK, PA. 
Village on Kadiak Island with 
322 foreign and 88 native inhab- 
itants. Seat of the Arctic Packing 
Co., which employed 35 white, 
21 native men and 51 Chinamen 
during the season of 1897 in salmon 
canneries. 



ANK SETTLEMENTS, Al. 
Village on Douglas Island, 183 
foreign and 141 native inhabitants. 



ANRIK. Al. 

Village on the Lower Yukon with 
91 foreigu and 100 native inhabitants. 

ATTU ISLAND, Al. 
Attn Island, of the Aleutian group, is 
the most westerly point of the 
possessions of the United States. 
It is about 7500 mis. straight west 
from the eastern part of Maine, and 
is about 3500 miles west of Seattle, 
Wash., making that city about 
central between the extreme east 
and west of the Union. When the 
last rays of the evening sun illvim- 
iuate Attn Island, its morning 
beams call the lumber man of 
Maine to work. 

belkovsk:^, ai. 

Small 'village in Alaska Penin- 
sula. 300 inhabitants. 

BERNER'S BAY, Al. 
Very important mining camp neai 
where the Birch empties iato the 
Yukon. The prevailing style ol 
architecture in this city, where gold 
nuggets exchange cirrrently for flom-, 
is a low, square log cabin, with 
wide projecting eaves and a dirt roof. 
The crevices between the logs are 
chinked with moss, which abounds 
every where. It takes two men 
about two weeks to get out the logs 
and erect one of these buildings, 
and when finished, it rents for $ 15 
a month, or if it is for sale it 
commands $ 300-500. In 1896 about 
1500 white people lived here, but 
since the beginning of the Klondike 
excitement nearly all have left the city, 
and only a few hundred Indians now 
reside there. 

DELAROF BAY, Al. 
on Unga Island, South Alaska. At 
the head of this Bay the Apollo mine 
is situated with a vein of gold 
bearing quaitz. 

DOUGLAS CITY, Al. 
A small mining town on Douglas 
Island, divided from Juneau by the 
waters of Gaslineaux Channel. Here 
are the two largest mines of Alaska, 
the Treadwell and Mexican mines 
with more than three hundred 



employees. The minors receive 
$ 2,50 — $ B, per diem with bonuses, 
board and lodging. Population 500. 

DUTCH HABOR, Al. 
The most important harbor in the 
Aleutian Islands, monthly visited by 
the steamer "Dora" connecting Sitka, 
Yakutat, Kadiak and the Aleutian 
Islands. Within the harbor is an 
island, with a crescent bay, called 
Dutch harbor, a supply station of 
the owners of the sealing privilege 
in the Pribyloff Islands. At the back 
of this island, at the head of the 
bay, is another curved beach, the 
port of Unalaska. 

DYEA, Al. 
Where the Dyea river empties 
into Lynn Channel there was till 
1897, no other settlement thanHealy's 
store, an Indian trading post and 
outfitting establishment, owned by 
Capt Healy and Mr. Wilson. Many 
people were led there by the Klon- 
dike excitement, and a settlement 
was founded. Dyea is now a snbport 
with some accomodations for travelers. 

EDGEMENT, Al. 
A small mining-camp obont 7 miles 
north of Skaguay, founded like that 
settlement in the summer of 1897, 

FORT ALGER, Al. 
will be the name of the new military 
post a few miles north of Circle 
City and near the northeastern 
boundery of the American possess- 
ions. 

FORT TONGAS. Al. 
The most southern settlement in 
Alaska, near the British boimdary 
with 6 white and 50 Indian inhab- 
itants. 

FORT WRANGEL, Al. 
Fort Wrangel is situated on a 
small island, off the mouth of Stikeen 
River, the third great stream of 
Alaska, into which no less than 300 
glaciers run their fleet. Wrangel 
has the largest saw-mill and the 
only poultry farm in the territory, 
and the most interesting totem-poles 
of all towns, representing a few of 
the first native families. Population 



37 



is -now about 350, but the place will 
increase very soon by the the develop- 
ment of the navigation on Stikecn 
River and the proposed railroad to 
the headwaters of the Yukon. 

FORT YUKON, Al. 
An old trading post, where the 
Porcupine River empties into the 
Yukon. TJie latter is said to be 
seven miles wide here. 

HUMBOLDT HARBOR, Al. 
Humboldt harbor on the Aleutian 
Islands, is a good harbor, opening 
into the strait between Unga and 
Topoff islands, with United States 
Custom House. The fishermen call 
that harbor "Sandy Point". 

HUNA, Al. 
Indian village on Admuality Island 
in the soutLeastern part of^ Alaska 
with about 500 people in 25 houses. 
The Hnna tribe is not very intelligent, 
only 11 per cent of the population 
being literate between the ages of 
10 and 23 years. Neai' Huna, sanitary 
baths in Hot Sprmgs. 

ICY' CAPE, Al. 
Icy Cape is an elevation above 
the tundra on the Arctic shore with 
a settlement of about 60 inhabitants. 
Here the gravelly deposits on the 
beach contain numerous clam shells 
and black sand, indicating the pres- 
ence of the bivalves at the bottom 
of the sea. Off Icy Cape are the 
Blossom shoals, ard in bygone years 
herds of walrus congregated in the 
shallow waters to feed upon the 
clams to be found there. But it is 
lare to find any of these animals at 
tbe present day off this locality, as 
ihey have been frightened away by 
the whalemen. 

IIJULIUK, Al. 
Iliuliuk on Unalaska Island is a 
point of considerable commercial 
miportance, having a church, cus- 
tom-house, tiading establishments, 
wharfs etc. 

JUNEAU, Al. 
Juneau is the most important city 
and commercial centre of Alaska. 



Founded in 18S0, it already had 300 
mhabitants in 1881 and now it has 
at least 2—3000. This place, located 
on the mainland opposite Douglas 
Island, has its name from Joseph 
Juneau, a Canadian Frenchman, who 
first discovered gold in the Gold 
Creek, emptying here into the Gast- 
ineaux Channel. It has a picturesque 
! location on the base of an abrupt 
mountain cliff, sprinkled with snow 
and waterfalls. Icebexgs from the 
Taku Glacier frequently float into 
the harbor. The city has a Post- 
Office, a Custom house, a Court 
house, an hospital and many large 
stores. The visiter will be astonished 
by seeing electric lights, water works, 
and three newspapers, to say noth- 
ing of the fire Department and tbe 
Brass Band. The Oriental hotel is 
steam heated and managed by an 
old miner. He charges two dollars 
and a half to three doUars a day 
for board and lodging. The princ- 
ipal industry is mining, gold having 
been discovered on several creeks 
near the city. At first it was placer 
gold only, but the ledges are now 
being worked and developed. Tom^- 
ists will have an opportunity to see 
a great many curiosities, furs etc., 
prepared by "the natives. The 
chamber of Commerce of Alaska has 
its seat here, the secretary's name 
is Mr. Kaufmann. The newspapers 
of Juneau are published weekly, their 
names are: The Alaska Minins^ 
Record, the Alaskan Search-Light and 
the Alaskan Miner. The Opera 
house has performances every night, 
but everybody must be careful not 
to go amongst the gamblers, who 
have their headquarters here. Juneau 
is distinguished from all other cities 
of Alaska by its excellent water sup- 
ply of fountain water, coming from 
the mountains. 

KADIAK, Al. 
The name of the large island on 
the eastern shore of the peninsula 
Alaska. The climate of Kadiak is 
remarkably mild, and open winters 
are the rule. Nearly every family 
of the permanent inhabitants keeps 
cattle and cultivates a small patch 
of ground for the purpose of raising 
potatoes and turnips. When the 



38 



Russians iBrst came to settle at this 
point they found a number of pop- 
ulous native villages upon the capes 
and headlands around the bay, but 
these have long since disappeared, 
leaving only a few grassy mounds 
to indicate their sites. There is now 
but one Eskimo community on Wood 
Island (see that name). 

KARLUK, Al. 
Situated on Kadiak Island where the 
Karluk river empties into the Holikof 
Strait, dividing Kadiak Island from 
the Alaska penmsula. More than 1000 
white people live here working for 
the Karluk Salmon canneries, which 
are said to be the largest in the 
world. The firms resident here are 
the Karluk Packing Co. and the 
Hume Packing Co., they packed 
6G5,983 red sSmons in the season 
of 1897. 

KOYUKUK 
RIVER SETTLEMENTS, Al. 
Indian settlements with 200 mhabi- 
tants on the Koyukuk, a tributary 
of the Lower Yukon. 

NULATO, Al. 
A trading post, situated on the 
Yukon, where the 158th. meridian cuts 
that river. It is about 467 iftls. 
from the sea coast and has about 
120 inhabitants. 

NUHLUKYEL (Tuklukyet), Al. 

Nuklukyet is another trading post 
on the Yukon below the mouth of 
the Tanaa, about 670 mis. from the 
sea coast. Connected with the Indian 
village of Tuklukyet with about 120 
inhabitants. 

(NEW) - METHALAKATLA 
(Port Chester), Al. 
One of the most interesting 
points in south eastern Alaska. 
It is mostly called New-Methalakatla. 
Meihalakatla being the name of the 
village from which the Indian tribe 
of the Tsimpseans moved in British 
Columbia about 70 mis. southeast 
of their present location on Annette 
Island. It is especially interesting 
on account of the history of the 
natives and their remarkable advance- 
ment toward civilzation, 10 years 



ago the spot where the village now 
stands was a dense primeval forest 
of spruce and hemlock. At the time 
of the removal of the Tsimpseans 
from old Methalakatla they were not 
permitted to carry away with them 
any of their personal effects and 
they established their homes at their 
present location under severe priva- 
tions, and in the face of obstacles 
that nothing but an abiding faith in 
a Supreme Power and confidence in 
the man whose counsel had guided 
them for many years, Mr. WiUiam 
Duncan, could have overcome. Here 
is one of the largest and best 
equipped store buildings in the 
whole of Alaska, a frame building, 
about 60 feet front by 120 feet 
deep, and 30 feet high. When all 
the Tsimpseans are at home there 
are about 800 of them. 



- POINT BARROW, Al. 
The most northern point in Amer- 
ica on the Artie Sea. 530 miles 
from Bering Straits. Good harbor 
with a population of one white man, 
one white lady and a few himdred 
Eskimos. 



PORT CLARENCE, Al. 

Port Clarence is a very fine, deep 
and commodious harbor on Bering 
Straits, the only safe harbor on the 
entire coast of Alaska north of the 
Aleutian Islands. Here is good 
accommodation for the whaling fleet 
as a rendez-vous dm'ing the month 
of July, when the tenders arrive 
fiom San Francisco to replenish 
their stock of provisions and take 
in return the whalebone and furs 
obtained during tha spring cruise 
amidst the ice of Bering Sea, I^arge 
deposits of graphit occur in the hills 
around Port Clarence, but the 
presence of a heavy percentage of 
of silica operates agaiiist the mineral 
being of commercial value. 

The hills are covered in the summer 
season with luxm-iant grass, which is 
due to the Kuro Schiwo, the warm 
sea-cun-ent, touching that coast. 
276 white men and 144 Indians of 
both sexes live here. 



39 



ST. MICHAELS, Al. 
On Norton Sound, is one of the 
most important localities on the coast. 
It is a trading-post, where rival 
firms have established their depots 
for the Yukon river and Arctic 
trade. The station keepers come 
done from the interior to the coast 
at the end of June and each receives 
his allotment of goods to take back 
with him in sailboats and bidars 
during the few months when naviga- 
tion Is not impeded by ice. The 
vessels supplymg this depot can 
seldom approach the post before the 
end of June, on accoimt of large 
bodies of drifting ice that beset the 
waters of Norton Sound and the 
straits between St. Lawrence Island 
and the Yukon delta. Travelers 
follow a trail across the country, 
and reach the Yukon 392 miles from 
its mouth via the Unalaklik river, 
emptying into Norton Sound, Ulu- 
kuk and Autokokat river, emptying 
into the Sukon. 

Si. PAUL ON KADIAK ISLAND, Al. 
The inost important settlement 
in the Kadiak division of Alaska. 
The place was selected as a central 
station of the Russian fur-tradine 
companies in the year 1789 on 
account of its good haibor and the 
close vicinity of good building timber. 
After the transfer of the territory 
several American firms entered into 
competition for the valuable fur 
trade of the district, but through at 
times the contest was carried on 
with great vigor and vituperation, 
one firm after another had to yield 
to the more perfect organisation 
and the greater means of the Alaska 
Commercial Company, which to-day 
controls the trade and occupies 
most of the space of this settlement, 
including the whole valuable water 
front. There are about 500 inhab- 
itants. 

ST. PAUL (UNALASKA) Al. 
A small villag-e with 250 inhab- 
itants on the Pribilofi Island, interest- 
ing the fur-seal trade. 

SEWARD CITY, Al. 
A small settlement on the main- 
land north of Juneau. 



SITKA, Al. 

The capital of Alaska lies on the 
west side of Baranoff Island in 
latitude bT>" 52' and longitude 
135» 17' 45". Since Baranoflf Castle 
unfortunately was destroyed by fire 
March 17 th 1893 the Greek Chirrch 
is the most prominent building of the 
town. Many houses are built in 
Russian style, many only of logs. 
There are now about 150 white 
people living there and 1000 Indians 
and mixed. The government and 
the United States Attorney have 
their seats here. 

The climate conditions are very 
good for tilling the soil. "J have 
never seen finer potatoes, turnips, 
cabbages and garden products gen- 
erally, than those giown here", says 
Gov. SwJneford in his annual report 
to the government at Washmgton. 
In the vicinity of Sitka, especially 
on the shores of the beautiful Indian 
River, there are no less than 800 
kinds of flowers known and classified. 
Hunmiing birds fly about. Near Sitka 
there are hot sulphur springs which are 
in use for several kinds of diseases. 

The temperature rarely falls below 
zero, near the sea, and cattle and 
sheep will exist throughout the wicter 
without being housed or fed. 

The weekly paper "The Alaskan" 
is published here and also the 
monthly "The North Star" for the 
interests of the Presbyterian mission 
in Sitka. 



SKAGUAY, Al. 
At the mouth of Skaguay River 
there lived on the fixst of July 1897 
only one man Capt. William Moore, 
who had been a pioneer in that 
country, as an Indian-trader. The 
rumor that the Whithe pass would 
be the easiest and quickest route to 
the Yukon, brought severnl thousand 
people to that place. Having no 
opportunity to cross the mountains 
tho town was founded, numbering 
last winter about 5000 people. 
Plenty of frame houses a wharf and a 
saw mill have been erected here, but 
nobody knows how long this mining 
town will be en vogue. 



40 



SUMDUM, Al. 
The Sumdum mining district is 
one of the most important in 
southeastern Alaska. 

^ WEARE, Al. 
A new trading- post where the 
Tanana empties into the Yukon. 
The number of population is still 
small, but will soon increase with 
the development of Central Alaska. 

WOOD ISLAND or LESNOI, Al. 

A small Eskimo village on Kadiak 
Island with about 120 inhabitants, 
has for many years played a. pro- 
minent part in the commercial and 
industrial development of this coun- 
try. When, subsequent to the dis- 
covery of gold in California, a de- 
mand for ice was created in the grow- 
hag city of San Francisco, the Rus- 
sian-American Company formed a 
partnership with American capital- 
ists to develop the ice-trade. For 
this purpose two depots were estab- 
lished, one at Sitka and the other 
at Wood Island and the latter place, 
fitted with a long wharf, tramways, 
flumes, and ice houses soon became 
the principal source of supply. The 



trade gave employment to men and 
ships, and with it was inaugurated 
the palmiest era of Kadiak's in- 
dustrial progress. The ice plant 
was still in good order and ship- 
ments were continued to San Fran- 
cisco, when Alaska was acquired by 
the United States, and the American 
partners in the enterprise continued 
the business, combining with it an 
active rivalry in the fur-trade. The 
increasing manufacture of artificial 
ice, however, gradually undermined 
the business, and after lingering for 
a number of years with the assist- 
ance of an annual subvention of 
California ice-makers, under promise 
of not shipping the natural article, 
the enterprise was finally abandoned 
in 1892. Since that tune the 
Woodland Island people have earned 
their living entirely by sea-otter 
hunting on distant grounds, to which 
they are carried, on vessels of the 
Alaska Commercial Company. The 
old men and women attend to the 
potato gardens, and the company 
supplies them with boat-loads of 
salmon for the winter. 

YAKUTAT, Al. 
A small Indian village of 300 inhabit- 
ants on Yakutat Bay, near St. Elias. 



41 



ARIZONA. 



The discoverers of Arizona were 
an Italian Franciscan Friar, Fra 
Macros de Niza (Mark of Nice), 
whilom companion of Pizarro in 
Peru, and Estevanico, a freed 
African slave. In 1539 these two 
men came northward from Culiacan, 
"as the Holy Spirit did guide", and 
reached the Gila Valley, Estevanico 
was slain by the natives; but Niza 
planted a cross in Cibola (Zuni), 
and took possession of the country 
in the name of Spain. In 1687, and 
later, Jesuit and Franciscan mis- 
sionaries did gi^eat work in this 
heathen land, and founded many 
towns; but the civilization which 
arose in their train vanished before 
the forays of the pitiless Apache 
warriors. The missions were suppress- 
ed by the Mexican Government in 
1828, and the Indians destroyed 
again most of the churches and 
mining plants, and reduced Arizona to 
savagery. During the Mexican War, 
in 1847, Gen. S. W. Kearney marched 
his command through the Gila VaUey, 
and first brought this country to 
the notice of Americans. The pert 
north of the Gila was ceded to the 
U. S. by Mexico in 1818, and the 
40,000 sq. miles south of the Gila, 
came by the Gadsden Pui-chase, in 
1853, from Mexico, for $ 10,000,000. 
Gen. Gadsden made great efforts to 
have his purchase include Gaymas, 
but Congress did not support him, and 
thus Arizona is devoid of a seaport. 

In 1861, the U. S. garrisons 
retreated to New -Mexico and the 
Confederates captured Tacson and 
threatened Fort Suma. With Texan 



riders on one side, Sonorian plundr 
erers on another, and the mur- 
derous Apaches everywhere, the 
Territory was mercilessly laid waste, 
and many of its people fled into 
exile. In May, 1862, Col. Carleton's 
column of 1800 Calif oi"niaiis marched 
from Los Angelos to Suma, oc- 
cupying it pernamently for the 
Union. At this time there were no 
settlements north of the Gila River. 
The Territory was not set apart 
from New -Mexico until 1863. Be- 
tween 1864 and 1876, the savages 
were placed on reservations; and in 
1878 the railway locomotive crossed 
the Colorado River and the era of 
savagery and isolation came to an 
end. Yet even as late as 1882-3 
the Apaches left their reservations and 
mmdered many citizens of the Gila 
VaUey. They finally took refuge 
in the Sierra Madre, where Gen. 
Crook, acting by arrangement with 
the Mexican Government, attacked 
them. Another foray occurred in 
1885-6, when Geronimo killed 50 
persons, before Gen. Miles captured 
the red warrior in the mountains 
of Sonora. It is but a short time 
since the most dangerous of the 
Apache bands where banished to 
Texas. Yet even in 1891 a number 
of Arizonians were killed by the 
Indians. 

Since the removal of many of the 
hostile Apaches, and the incoming 
of the railways, Arizona has grown 
rapidly. Its population was in 

1870 : 19,658 

1880 : 40,440 

1890 : 59,620 



42 



The name of Arizona comes from 
"Arizonac", the native name for a 
locality near the head of the Rio 
Altar. Arizona is sometimes also 
called, "The Sunset Land" or „The 
Apache State". It is from 31" 20' to 
37 northern Longitude, and 69"52' to 
73" 32' western Latitude from 
Washington. 

JUMA, Ariz. 
Formerly Fort Juma in Arizona, 
a village near the junction of the 
Gila and Colorado Rivers, where 
the train crosses the latter river on 
a fine bridge. The village has a 
population of 1,773. It is approached 
by steamer up the Colorado River, 
and is the western terminus of the 
Arizona Braiich of the Southern' 
Pacific R. R. Here is the location 
of the Territorial Penitentiary, and 
there are other notable public 
buUdings. 

PHOENIX, Ariz. 
The capital of Arizona with 3152 
Lnh. on the Salt River; nicely situated 
among the vineyards and orange- 
groves of the mountain-walled Salt 



River Valley, in an oasis made by 
irrigation, with a climate of short 
and sunny winters and long summers. 
In its vicinity ruins of prehistorical 
settlements have been founded. 

PRESCOTT, Ariz. 
A village of 1,759 inh. in Arizona, 
at an elevation of 5,700 feet, 
with a bracing and salubrious 
climate, and in a region rich in 
mines and in magnificent moimtain- 
scenery. 

TUSCON, Ariz. 

An ancient city of Arizona, found- 
ed in 1560 by the Jesuits. Reached 
frorti Benson by the Southern 
Pacific R. R. It was for many years 
the capital of tl^e Territory and has 
now a population of 5,150. It is 
pleasantly situated in the Santa-Cruz 
Valley, has 4 chnrches and 5 news- 
papers, 2 banks, gas, ice and water 
works, a tannery and a smelter, and 
a large trade with Sonora. Seat of 
the University of Aiizona and other 
educational establishments. It does 
a large business in exporting gold- • 
dust, wool, and hides. 



i3 



ARKANSAS. 



Arkansas is located in the milder 
portion of the Mississippi Valley and 
has an area of 52.198 square miles, 
or 33,406,720 acres. Owing to the 
difference in the elevation of the 
various portions of the State and 
its southern location, a greater vari- 
ety of products is raised than in 
any other of the States. In the 
southern section, semi-tropical fruits 
and plants are grown, and the prod- 
ucts of the northern States are suc- 
cessfully raised in all sections. The 
surface of the State is comparatively 
level in the east, gradually becoming 
more elevated toward the west, the 
greatest elevation being reached in 
the Ozark Mountains. The surface 
of the State presents a pleasing 
variety of hill, plain, prairie, wood- 
land, valley and stream. 

The census returns of the State for 
1890 give a population of 1,128,179. 
Estimated now at 1,600,000. 

The principal products are: cotton, 
corn, wheat, fruits, live stock, dairy 
products, minercds (coal, iron, mang- 
anese, zinc, lead, copper, etc.), timber. 

ARKANSAS HOT SPRINGS. 

History gives us reasonable assur- 
ance that De Soto discovered the 
Hot Springs, and spent one winter 
in camp at that pomt. They were 
known to the Indians long before 
the white man's foot had wakened 
the forest echoes west of the Mis- 
sissippi. The sick from all the sur- 
rounding tribes were taken there 
to be cured of diseases that baffled 
their medicine men. Their fame 
spread among aU. the sothern tribes. 



44/48 



and it was from these reports that 
Ponce De Leon conceived the idea 
of the Foimtain of Youth, for which 
he searched in vain for many weary 
years. The early French settlers 
were the first to discover the true 
value of these thermal springs for 
healing diseases. During the early 
part of the present century Prench 
settlers, trappers and voyagers, made 
temporary use of these springs for 
the treatment of sick members of 
their families. Several log cabins 
were built in the valley, and they 
were refitted and used by any who 
chanced to come. 

The Hot Springs are situated on 
one of the lower spurs of the Ozark 
Mountains, about sixty miles south- 
west of Little Rock. The surface of 
the surrounding country is mount- 
ainous and broken enough to rob 
it of all monotony, and add a large 
item of interest to a sojourn in the 
health valley of Hot Springs. 

These springs are reached from 
the North and East hy way of St. 
Louis and the Iron Moimtain route. 
Three trains every day rim from St. 
Louis in connection with trains from 
all through trunk lines to that point, 
and are equipped with Pullman 
Buffet Sleeping Cars and RecHning 
Chair- Cars, the seats in which are 
free. Travelers from the South 2ir- 
rive at Texarkana and take the Iron 
Mountain route from that point. 
The Iron Moimtain route may be 
taken from the East at Memphis, 
and passengers are carried from that 
city via Little Rock to Malvern, 
where the change is made to the 



Hot Springs RaHroad to Hot Springs, 
a distance of twenty-five miles. 

These Springs are one of the great 
natural curiosities of the world. 
Seventy-two streams of hot mineral 
waters issue from the mountain side, 
from 50 to 75 feet above the valley, 
and from 650 to 700 feet above sea 
level, and pour their liquid streams 
of health forth for the afflicted of 
all the earth. These waters have 
proven efficacious in many diseases 
where medical skill has been baffled. 
They are, therefore, at the same 
time the Mecca toward which the ill 
and afflicted tnm for relief, an ob- 



The Springs, seventy -two in 
number, and varying in temperature 
from 96<> to 157» F., and a flow of 
nearly a million gallons daily, axe 
owned and controlled by the United 
States Government alone, whose 
reservation of 2560 acres was set 
aside for exclusive use as _ a San- 
itariimi by act of Congress in 1832. 
At. an altitude, that is a happy 
medium between low and high, 
visitors to the Springs are not subject 
to malaria, so frequent in resorts 
near swamps or marshes, nor to the 
changes of high altitudes in 
quickening the respiration and the 




Bath House Row on Government Reservation. 



ject of curiosity for the sight-seer, 
and a favorite resort for the pleas- 
ure seeker and tourist. They are 
annually visited by thousands. So- 
ciety is of the best, and many per- 
manent and beautiful homes have 
been built. 

HOT SPRINGS. 
Arkansas is the most justly famous 
of all the health resorts of America. 
The city of Hot Springs is situated on 
the mountain and in the valley of 
the same name, about fifty miles 
southwest of Little Rock, the state 
capital, and twenty-two miles from 
Malvern, the junction of the St. 
L. I. M. & S. Ry., and the Hot 
Springs R. R. 



action of the heart. Of all the cities 
of British America, but one has a 
death rate as low as that of Hot 
Springs, and none at all in Con- 
tinental Europe. 

As a resort for invalids, Hot 
Springs is without a rival, either in 
the health resorts of the Old World, 
or in those of the New. At no 
other place can so many and so 
various diseases be successfully 
treated. Among the diseases that are 
completely cured or, if too far 
advanced for recovery, greatly ben- 
efited ; areRheumatism,Gout, Scrofula, 
Paralysis, Neuralgia, Ozena, Catarrh, 
Sore Throat, Syphilis — acquired or 
hereditary, in its different forms — 
Asthma, Gravel, Diseases of the 



49 



Eadneys and Bladder, Eczema, 
Psoriasis, Uticaria, Impetigo, Prurigo, 
Rupia, Chronic Ulcers, Glandular 
Enlargements, Ring Worm, Migraine 
or Sick Headache, Enlarged Tonsils, 
Menstruation Troubles, and Sterility. 
Notaweekpasseswithoutsomeremar- 
kable cure where all hope of recovery 
had been abandoned before a visit to 
the Springs/had been decided- on. 

In' his report to the Secretary of 
the Interior for 1894, the Super- 
intendent of the Reservation, Mr. 
William J. Little, says: "I give it as 
my unqualified opinion that the late 
spring and summer and the early 
fall are the most favorable times to 
visit Hot- Springs for a comse of 
treatment, especially if treatment is 
desired for rheumatism or any of 
the blood diseases. Hot baths and 
drinking hot water in hot weather 
mean sweating, and sweating prod- 
uced by the hot water of Hot Spriags 
means cleansing the system of these 
diseases, if they be present, and 
this may be more readily accom- 
plished in summer than in winter." 
These waters are now nearly all 
concentrated in large air-tight tanks 
built by the United States Govern- 
ment, and will bathe ig,2g6 persons 
daily, allowing twenty -five gallons 
for each bath. 

In the hottest springs an ^^^^ can 
be cooked in fifteen minutes. All 
the springs on the east side of the 
creek, flowing from the Hot Springs 
Mountain (excepting one) are hot, 
and all on the west side (excepting 
the alum spring) are cold. ' 

The following is from the report 
of Prof. David D. Owen, when he 
was State Geologist: 

Highest Lowest 
: Temper- Temper- 
Months, ature. ature. 
January .... 75 25 
February ... 70 30 
March .... 80 45 

April 85 63 

May 88 62 

Tune ..... 92 78 

July .• ; . . . 94 76 

August .... 90 76 

September ... 89 66 

October .... 87 56 

November ... 80 50 

December ... 74 23 



"In many forms of chrofiit diseases 
especially, its effects are truly 
astonishmg. The copious diaphoresis 
with the hot bath establishes, opens 
in itself, a main channel for the 
expulsion of principles injurious to 
health, made manifest by its peculiar 
odor. A similar effect in a dimin- 
ished degree is effected by drinking 
the hot water— a common, indeed- 
almost universal practice among 
invalids at the Hot Springs. 

"The impression produced by the 
hot douche, as above described, is 
indeed powerful, arousing into action 
the sluggish and torpid secretions; 
the languid circulation is thus purified 
of morbific matters, and thereby 
renewed vigor and healthful action 
ai-e given both to the absorbents, 
lymphatics, and; to the excretory 
apparatus — a combined effect whichno 
medicine is capable of accomplishing. 

"The large quantity of free carbon- 
ic acid which the water contains, and 
which rises in volumes through the 
water at the fountain of many of the 
springs, has undoubtedly an exhil- 
arating effect on the system, and it 
is no doubt from the water of the 
Hot Springs coming to the surface 
charged with this gas that invalids are 
enabled to drink it freely at a tempera- 
ture at which ordinary tepid water, 
fromwhich all the gas has been expelled 
by ebullition, would act as an emetic." 

Hot Springs is as a summer resort 
as delightful a place as can be 
found, cool and pleasant. The 
highest, lowest and average mean 
tempeiatiire, together with the 
number of clear, rainy and cloudy 
days for each month' of l894, is 
shown by the following table: 





CI ar 


Cloudy . 


Rainy 


Average. 


Da vs. 


Days. 


Days. 


58 


23 


1 


7 


52 


22 





6 


69 


22 





9 


75 


24 


1 


5 


81 


28 


— 


3 


85 


27' 





3 


84 


24 


— 


7 


83 


24 





7 


79 


25 


2 


3 


76 


28 


— 


3 


66 , 


28 


— 


2 


57 


23 


1 


*9 



51 



Higtest temperature for the year, 
94; lowest, 23; mean average lor 
year, 72. Total number of clear 
days, 298; rainy days, 62; cloudy 
days without ram, 5. 

Thei^mometer readings taken at 
noon each day at the Arlington 
Hotel. 

Additional evidence that Hot 
Springs is a desirable sxmimer as 
well as winter resort is found in the 
presence during the season of large 
numbers of the best Southern people 
from every section of the South, 
who select Hot Springs for their 
summer outing in preference to the 
resorts farther north. 

The hotel accomodations are of 
the best and range in price fiom 
$1,00 to $10,00 a day. 

90 day tickets are on sale at 
many of the principal cities and 
stations of the United States, gen- 
erally at a reduction of about 25 per 
cent from full rates, and visitors 
will do well to inquire for them. 

Several of the hotels of Hot 
Spiings are first-class, they aie 
large and well built houses, and ia 
cuisine and appointments unsurpassed. 

The Eastman Hotel, one of the 

§randest resort hotels in the United 
tates, containing 480 rooms, was 
opened for the first time for the 
season of 1889. Another equally as 
magnificent, although not so large, 
is the Park. The Arlington and 
Avenue Hotels can accommodate 
over 300 guests each; the Sumpter, 
Plateau and Waverly have room for 
about 100 each. 

There are ten or twelve houses 
that justly may be called hotels; the 
others are only boarding-houses, 
though some of them give as good 
fare and accommodations as are to 
be had at some of the hotels. Pi'ivate 
boarding-houses are numerous, and 
there is quite a difference between 
the cheapest of these and the high- 
priced hotels, $ 4 to $ 25 being the 
range, of prices per week. 

The city of Hot Springs has 
11,000 inhabitants. 

The site, where the springs are, 
belongs to the United States Govern- 
ment and is the seat of a large 
Army and Navy Hospital. 



From Hot Springs many excursions 
may be made to the Ouichita Valley, 
Gulpha Gorge, Hall's Half Acre, 
Happy Hollow, Ball Bayon, Crystal 
Mt., Wittington's Peak and to the 
other springs in the vicinity; as 
Potash Sulphur Springs, Moimtain 
Valley Springs etc, 

ARKANSAS POST, Ark. 
An ancient settlement, on the Arkan- 
sas river, some 50 mis. from its 
mouth, having been occupied by the 
French as early as 1685. It was, 
for many years, the chief depot of 
the peltries of the county far around. 

BATESVILLE, Ark. 
Bates viUe is the terminus of the 
White River branch, and is located 
in the edge of the mountainous 
region that extends over the entire 
Western half of the State. During 
the Winter months, small steamboats 
ascend the White River from Bates- 
yille to a point near the Missouri 
line, nearly two hundred miles as 
the river runs, and most of this 
distance is traversed amid scenery 
surpassing that along any other 
navigable stream east of the Rocky 
Mountains. 

CAMDEN, Ark. 
A country-town of 2571 inh. on the 
Washita river, 110 mis. from Little 
Rock Lignite Rock abounds here. 
Reached by the St. Louis, Iron 
Mountain and Southern R. R. ; and 
the Arkansas Midland. 

FORT SMITH, Ark. 
The second largest city of the 
State with some 16,000 inhabitants. 
Reached by the St. Louis and San 
Francisco Railroad. 

GAINESVILLE, Ark. 
A small town on the Helena branch 
of the St. L., I. M. and S., St. Francis 
lake in its vicinity. 

GREENVILLE, Ark. 
Town of 7000 inhabitants on the 
left bank of the Mississippi, impor- 
tant for its export of cotton. The 
town is surrounded by cotton-plant- 
ations, which afford a very picturesque 



52 



view. l^he lionies of the farmers 
axe often large old mansions surroun- 
ded by beautiful trees, which are 
phantasticly draped with Tillandsia 
usneodis. 

HELENA, Ark. 
Town of 5000 inh. on the right 
bank of the Mississippi with active 
industries, principally wood. 

KNOBEL, Ark. 
The junction point of the main 
line of the St. Louis, Iron Mountain 
and Southern and its Helena branch. 
It is particularly desirable as a 
stopping place for sportsmen. 

LITTLE ROCK, Ark. 
The capital of the State. The 
city is situated on the right bank 
of the Arkansas River and is an 
important railroad center. It has 
40,000 inhabitants who carry on a 
large business in cotton and other 
products. The city is well built, and 
has regular, broad streets which 
ai-e shaded by Magnolias. Little 
Rock possesses some fine public 
buildings; the most important are: 
the State IIo:.sc, the United States, 



'Court tlouse, the County Court 
Hottse, the State- Insane- Asylum, the 
Institute for the Blind and Dumb 
the Post- Office, the Cham-ber of 
Cofnnterce, the Little Rock Univer- 
sity and the Medical Departmeni 
of the Arkansas University. 

Reached from St. Louis, by the 
St. Louis Iron Mountain and Southern 
Railway. 

PINE BLUFF, Ark. 
An important cotton port, on 
the Arkansas with about 14:,000 
inhabitants. 

TEXARKANA, Ark. 
An important railroad center see 
Texarkana, Tex. on the boarder line 
between Arkansas and Texas. 

VAN BUREN, Ark. 

A very lively commercial town, 
within 5 mis. of Indian Territory 
160 miles west-north-west of Little 
Rock, pleasantly situated on the 
Arkansas. 

Railroads St. Louis, Iron Mountain 
& Southern; St. Louis St. Franciso; 
Litte Rock & Fort Snuth. ' 



53 



CALIFORNIA. 



The name California is derived 
from the Spanish, and means "hot 
furnace." It was first applied to the 
lower peninsula, which is now known 
as Lower California, upon its discov- 
ery in 1534. Juan Cabrillo; a nav- 
igator in the service of Spain, was 
the first to visit Central and North- 
ern California in 1542. Junipero Serra 
and his Franciscan friars settled at 
San Diego in 1769. California formed 
a part of independent Mexico in 
1821. On July 7, 1846, the American 
navy seized Monterey. Gold was 
discovered January 19, 1848, and 
one month later Upper California 
was ceded by treaty to the United 
States, On September 9, 1850, 
California was admitted as a State 
into the Union. Her dimensions are 
770 miles long; extreme width, 330 
miles; least width, 150 miles, and 
she has an area of 160,000 square 
miles, or 100,000,000 acres of 
territory. 

MINERAL SPRINGS 
IN CALIFORNIA. 

CalifoiTiia has thousands of mineral 
springs. The most notable are the 
Paso Robles, Paraiso, Gilroy, Harbin, 
Byron, Seigler, Bartlett, and the hot 
mineral waters of Lake Napa, 
Sonoma, Plumas, Lassen, Colusa, 
Los Angeles. Santa Barbara, San 
Bernardino and San Diego counties. 
Then there are the cold chalybeate 
springs of Napa, Colusa Lake and 
Sonoma coimties. 

In Lake county are found an 
immense number of mineral springs, 
both hot and cold. They can be 



reached by stage from Cloverdale 
or Calistoga. Adams', Allen's, 
Anderson', Bartlett, Bradshaw; 
Bonanza, Gordon's, Harbins,H-ough's, 
Highland, Howard's, Pearson, Siblet, 
Seigler, Sulphur and Witter are the 
best known. 

AETNA SPRINGS, Cal. 
In Napa County, easy of access 
from St. Helena by an excellent 
road over Howell Mountain. The 
scenery is grand and imposing, plenty 
of fishmg and shooting, fine drives and 
good hotel accomodations. Route ; 
Rail to St. Helena, stage to Pope 
Valley. 

CALISTOGA SPRINGS, Cal. 
There are twenty hot springs, 
noted for their medicinal qualities; 
splendid facilities for cold, hot, vapor 
or chemical baths. Route, same as 
to Aetna Springs. 

MARK WEST HOT SULPHUR 
SPRINGS, Cal. 

Twenty - eight miles from Napa 
City and nine from Calistoga, on 
the county road leading from Calis- 
toga to Santa Rosa. The springs 
are beautifully situated, 700 feet 
above sea-level, at the junction of 
four canons forming a miniature 
valley. To Calistoga, 68 miles; 
stage to springs, 10 miles, via Petri- 
fied Forest. 

ADAM SPRINGS, Cal. 
Lake County, five miles from 
Glenbrook. The waters are cold 
and of a fine alkaline character. 



64 



SEIGLER SJPRINGS, Cal. 
Lake County, five miles from 
Adams Springs, consists of hot and 
cold sulphur, soda, iron, arsenic 
and other waters. 

BONANZA SPRINGS, Cal. 
Two miles from Seigier Springs, 
containing, six from Glenbrook and 
eight from Lower Lake. There ai-e 
a number of springs, containing iron, 
soda magnesia, silicum, sulphur, etc. 

HOWARD SPRINGS, Cal. 
Lake County, two miles from 
Seigier Springs. There are one hot 
and two cold iron springs, one hot 
and cold magiiesia, one cold silica, 
one alum, one borax, one soda, hot 
plunge baths, etc. 

ANDERSON SPRINGS. 
Lake County, nineteen miles from 
Calistoga. The place is a small 
canon in the midst of a forest. 

PEARSON'S SPRINGS, Cal. 
Lake County, fourteen miles from 
Lakeport. There are five springs, 
all cold, — soda, sulphur, soda, 
and gas springs. 

GILROY HOT SPRINGS, Cal. 

Are numbers of hot springs, the 
main one of which gives the place 
its importance, being from 100" to 
115" degrees temperature, and com- 
posed of sulphur, alum, magnesia, 
iron, iodine, and traces of arsenic. 
The waters are used for drinking 
and bathing. 

BYRON HOT SPRINGS, Cal. 
Contra Costa County, sixty-eight 
miles from San Francisco. The 
waters have been renowned for a 
great many years among the Indians 
and Mexicans. There are hot and 
cold sidphur, soda, iron, and magnesia 
springs, several of them with a tem- 
perature of 130", and pure drinkkig 
water from inexhaustible mountain 
springs. The springs are kept open 
all the year round. There is no 
doubt that these waters possess pe- 
culiar curative powers. 

MOUNTAINS. 
Some of the moun,tains most fre- 



quently visited are Mt. Shasta, Lassea 
Peaks, Mt. Diablo, Mt. St. Helena, 
Mt. Hamilton, and the Santa Cruz 
Ranges. 

MT. SHASTA, Cal. 
In Siskiyou County, is one of the 
grandest of mountains. Rising to a 
height of 14,440 feet from the plain, 
the general level of which is about 
3,500 feet above the sea, it occupies 
a position of majestic solitude and 
commands a view which for extent 
has no equal. Route: Via rail to 
Sisson's; horses and guides from 
there. 

LASSEN PEAKS, Cal. 

Seventy miles south of Shasta, 
10,577 feet high, on the Ihie 
between Shasta and Lassen Counties. 
Seventeen clear lakes in peaceful 
quietude amidst the mighty rugged- 
ness about them, flashing silvery in 
the sun. There are a number of 
dark, boiling pools also, one of which 
is from seventy-five to one hundred 
feet in length, and the roar of which 
can be heard several miles away. 

There is also the largest and most 
remarkablegeyseronthe coast, throw- 
ing up a fountain of scalding water 
nearly seven feet high in a solid 
shaft six feet in diameter, which 
breaks and rises twenty-five or thirty 
feet higher in broken streams, envel- 
oping a large axea with immense 
clouds of steam with a roar second 
only to Niagara. 

Route: Via Chico, Butte County; 
thence by stage to Prattville, forty 
miles. 

There is plenty of game in the 
vicinity of Lassen Buttes, from grizz- 
lies down to doves, deer, rabbits, 
hares, quail, etc., and at Prattville 
plenty of good fishuig and a fiirst 
class hotel. 

MT. DIABLO, Cal. 
An isolated peak of the Coast 
Range, 3,856 feet high, twenty 
miles from San Francisco. The 
panoramic view from its summit is 
unsurpassed, embracing as it does 
the Sierra Nevada from Lassen Buttes 
on the north to Mount Whitney on 
the south, a distance of 300 miles; 
the Coast Range from Mount St 



55 



3* 



Helena to Mount Hamilton; the 
Sacramento, San Joaquin, Napa, 
Sonoma and Santa Clara Valleys ; 
half a hmidred cities and towns, 
among' which may be mentioned San 
Francisco, Sacramento, Stockton and 
Petaluma. 

Route: Via Martinez or Haywards; 
thence by saddle or carriage. 

MOUNT ST. HELENA, Cal. 
Napa County, 4,343 feet high, the 
view from the summit is very beau- 
tiful, and takes in Sonoma, Napa, 
Pope, Knight's and Russian River 
Valleys. Route: Via St. Helena, 
sixty — eight miles; thence by stage 
twelve miles. 

SANTA CRUZ MOUNTAINS, Cal. 
A detached spur of the Coast Range 
running through Santa Cruz County, 
overlooking the Pacific Ocean, 
thronged with campers the entire 
summer. Their average height is 
2,500 feet, and they offer the special 
attraction of a healthful climate, pure 
water, and an abimdance of fish and 
game. 

TAHVE LAKE, Cal. & Nev. 

The grandest of the many lakes 
in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. 

It is twenty-five miles in length 
and in some places irom twelve to 
foui^teen miles in width. It has a 
depth of 1,700 feet, an altitude of 
6,216 feet, and is surrounded by 
mountains which tower above the 
lake from 2,000 to nearly 5,000 feet. 
To the right, fifteen miles away, are 
the Rubicon Mountains, 9,284 feet 
above the level of the sea; then Mount 
Tallac, 9,715 feet, and Mount Ralston, 
9,140 feet; and, farther along. Pyram- 
id Peak,. 10,052 feet; then, on the 
left, Monument Mountain, 10,0l3 feet, 
and Sand Mountain, 6,839 feet; the 
Tahoe Range lying in Nevada, Job's 
Peak, 10,637 feet, and Genoa Peak, 
9,135 feet, are also within this be- 
autiful frame of noted earth giants. 

Route: To Truckee, 209 miles; 
thence by stage sixteen miles. 

WEBBER LAKE. 
Lies in the Sierra Nevada Moun- 
tains at an alitude of 6,925 feet above 
the level of the sea. It is about a 



mile from land to land in any direction 
across Webber, and it is about 90 
feet in depth. The water is very 
clear and pure; and it is the most 
superior fishing ground of California, 
the trout being gamy and delicious. 
Route: To Truckee; thence by 
stage twenty-six miles. 

DONNER LAKE. 
A beautiful sheet of water three 
miles from Truckee, three miles long 
and one and one-half miles wide. 

INDEPENDENCE LAKE. 
Eighteen miles from Donner Lake, 
is two and one-half miles long and 
by three-quarters of a mile wide, 
and is more than 6,000 feet above 
the level of the sea. 

CLEAR LAKE. 

A remarkable body of water 
twenty-five miles long, six miles wide 
and 1,200 feet above the sea. Many 
small towns are situated on and ad- 
jacent to Clear Lake, among which 
is Lakeport, the county seat of Lake 
County. 

Route: Rail to Ukiah; thence by 
stage. 

BLUE LAKES. 

Twelve miles from Lakeport, con- 
sisting of a series of three lakes, 
drained by one stream, are noted 
for their pure and healthful atmo- 
sphere and their romantic scenery. 

YO SEMITE VALLEY, Cal. 

Among all the natural wonders of 
this wonderland, the great Yo Semite 
Valley ranks first without dispute. 
The fame of this grand temple of 
nature has extended throughout the 
world. This wonderful combination 
of great cliffs, grand waterfalls, dome 
shaped mountain peaks, parklike 
meadows, deep umbrageous canons 
and charming nooks, must be seen, 
aud once seen, can never be forgotten. 

There are four routes for reaching 
the valley: The Madera road has 
its western terminus at Madera, 185 
miles by rail from San Francisco. 
There are ninety-four miles of 
staging, the general direction of the 
road from Madera being northeast- 
ward, and the greater part of its 



56 



'cngth in the basJn of the Fresno 
River. 

The Y. S. & T. Go's stages start 
from Raymond, which is 199 miles 
by rail via Berenda from San 
Francisco. The road is 60 miles 
long, and is through the Mariposa 
grove of big trees. The big Oak 
Flat road starts from Milton (133 
miles by rail from San Francisco), 
and is eighty-five miles long. The 
Mariposa wagon road from Merced 
(l41 miles by rail from San Fran- 
cisco), is ninety-three miles long. 

The Yo Semite Valley is readily 
reached from San Francisco or Lath- 
rop, via Berenda or Milton stations, 
on the Los Angeles line of the 
Southern Pacific Railroad. The round 
trip from San Frsncisco or Lathrop 
to the Yo Semite Valley and return 
to San Francisco can be made in 
four days. This includes a visit to 
the Mai-iposa grove of big trees, 
either going or returning, and enables 
the traveler to visit all the chief 
points of interest in the valley. The 
Yo Semite Valley is the tourists's 
paradise of California on the Pacific 
Coast, if uot of the world. It can 
not be compared with Yellowstone 
National Park, because there are few 
points of similarity, and each is 
peerless in its own way. No other 
scene or series of scenes in the 
world presents the beauty of the one, 
or the wonderful features of the 
other. Having seen the one, the 
tourist shonld see the other. The 
Yo Semite Valley is set apart as a 
park, and is dedicated to the sight- 
seer of the world. The points of 
interest are El Capitan, Three 
Brothers, Washington Column, Cathe- 
dral Rocks. The Sentinel and Domes, 
Bridal Veil Falls, Yo Semite Falls, 
Mirror Lake, and Clouds' Rest. The 
Yo Semite Falls are composed of 
three cascades, the first being 1,500 
feet, the second 600 feet, and the 
last 400 feet high. In the four days' 
trip from San Francisco or Lathrop, 
only two days can be spent in the 
valley, which is only time enough 
to merely glance at the scenes of 
interest. 

BIG TREES, Gal. 
Next in importance perhaps to the 



Yoseraite come the Big Tree groves, 
which have no parallel elsewhere in 
the world, there are nine distinct 
patches or groves of Big Trees : 1st, 
Calavaras; 2d, Stanislaus; 3d, Crane 
Flat; 4th, Mariposa; 5th, Fresno; 
6th, Kings River; 7th, North Fork 
Tale River; 8th, South Fork Tule 
River ; 9 th, Santa Cruz County, some 
of these groups contain over 600 
trees, one tree having a diameter of 
33 feet and being over 300 feet high. 
There is one now standing with a 
cavity which has been burned out 
that can give shelter to nineteen 
horsemen; another, the Father of 
the Forest, was 450 feet high and 
46 feet in diameter. A great hurricane 
some years ago laid this mam- 
moth low. 

THE GEYSERS, Gal. 
In Sonoma County; are very 
interestiug; natural ho t- water baths ; 
a fine hotel. The rail line to Cal- 
istoga (seventy - three miles), via 
VaUejo, Napa, St. Helena, passes 
through one of the prettiest valleys 
in the State. The stage line of 
twenty-six miles from Calistoga to 
the Geysers is through a charmmgly 
wooded region; the Laurel, Manza- 
nita, Madrone, and Buckeye abound. 
Good hunting and fishing. Fare, round 
trip, from San Francisco, $ 11,00. 

ALAMEDA, Gal. 
Alameda is visited by many San 
Franciscans, especially on Sunda)'-s, 
on account of its abundance of trees, 
profusion of flowers, nice rambles in 
open grounds, and the various places 
of resort, including the swimming 
baths. The baths, wich have a large 
patronage, are on the south side of 
the Alameda penisula. The beach 
is a fine sand, firmly packed, and 
has a gradual slope, the water being 
only five and six feet deep two 
hundred feet from the shore. 

APTOS GAL. 
This is one of the most beautiful 
places in the State, six miles from 
Santa Cruz, situated on a bluff over- 
looking the ocean. Great variety of 
scenery, numerous drives in the 
vicinity, high cliffs of strata bearing 
many kinds of fossil shells, plenty 
of himting and fishing. 



67 



CAMP CAPITOLA CAL. 

This is another of California's 
beautiful seaside resorts, lying adja- 
cent to the Santa Cruz branch of 
the Southern Picific Railroad, Coast 
Division, and live miles from Santa 
Cruz. It is destined to become one 
of the most popular places in the 
State, and is largely patronized by 
parties from the interior. 

CAJVIP GOODALL. CAL. 

A very pretty, quiet seashore 
retreat near Watsonville, and one 
mile from the mouth of the Pajaro 
River. The beach is beautifnl and 
offers fine facilities for bathing a-nd 
fishing. . 

FRESNO. 

In the center of the great San 
Joaquin Valley, 207 miles from 
San Francisco. This city was laid 
out in the fall of 1872, and in the 
spring of 1873 two or three board 
shanties were erected, and the place 
grew into quite a village during that 
year. In 1874 it was made the 
county seat, and in 1875 the present 
beautiful courthouse was built. From 
1873 to 1880 its growth was slow 
but steady, the healthful outgrowth 
of the surrounding country, most of 
the colonies surrounding it having 
been planted dm-iug that period. 
Since 1885 its growth has been 
rapid, indeed. P'or a town to 
quadruple its population in three 
years is very remarkable. Fresno 
has done this and more. Her 
population may be set down at 
nearly or quite 10,000. 

LOS ANGELES. 

The "Queen City of the South", 
482 miles from San Francisco, and 
claims at the present time 90,000 
inhabitants. The city is eighteen 
miles from the sea and is six 
miles square. There will be found 
in Los Angeles all the luxuries 
and conveniences of a metropolitan 
center; the streets are models of 
cleanliness and comfort, being paved 
with Belgian block. The city is 
lighted by electricity, and there are 
electric, cable, and horse railwa3's. 



Los Angeles is a relevation to any 
visitor from the East, for one is not 
prepared to see such magnificent 
residences, beautiful grounds, and 
broad, shady avenues. The summer 
is neither oppressive nor enervating. 
There are a few days when the 
mercury goes above 100", but owing 
to a peculiar quality of the at- 
mosphere, even this high temperature 
is not felt as the same or a less 
degree of heat in the East. Sun- 
strokes are unknown, save on the 
desert. Every noon, during summer, 
a fresh breeze from the sea breathes 
across the country. Hydrophobia is 
practically unknown. 

Agents of the North GermanLloyd : 

T. H. Duzan, Agt. Burl Route, 
Los Angeles, Cal. 

E. E. Elser, Agt. Union Pac, Los 
Angeles, Cal. 

O. W. Krause , 115 Bway, Los 
Angeles, Cal. 

E. W. McGee, Agt. Santa Fe., 

Los Angeles, Cal. 

W. Parris, Agt. Pac. Coast S. S. 
Co., Los Angeles, Cal. 

A. D. Skepard, Asst. Genl. Pass. 
Agt. So. Pac, Los Angeles, Cal. 



C. J. Lehtnann & Co., 213 Sprini; 
St., Los Angeles, Cal. 

MONTEREY 

125 miles south of San Francisco, 
reached either by boat or rail. The 
Southern Pacific Railway has been 
a powerful friend and helper to the 
town. The company, in simply taking 
advantage of the great natural re- 
sources of Monterey, has; furnished 
the tourist with one of the most 
delightful resorts in the world. 

Drives, walks, sea-bathing, boating, 
and camping out are pleasures and 
pastimes at Monterey and Pacifii 
Grove. The new Hotel del Monte 
is the most comfortable and magni- 
ficent house for tourists to be found; 
being large, and built in a grove of 
lai-ge shade trees and flowers, it can 
not but be pleasant and luxuriant. 
Six miles south of here is the oM 
VA C;.rmelo Mission Church, built b. 



58 



Junipero Serra, who died and was 
buried here. Monterey and its en- 
virons are nature's own abode for 
the tourist. 

The park grounds surrounding 
Del Monte have no equal on this 
coast. Croquet plats, an archery 
ground, swings, lawn tennis grounds, 
choice flowers, shrubs, trees, beauti- 
ful walks, and, in short, everything 
which an experienced landscape 
gardener's artistic eye can suggest, 
IS being done for the improvement 
of this favored spot, 

PASADENA. 
Resident population of over 5,000; 
situated in the charming San Gabriel 
Valley. , This is one of the most 
beautiful and popular resorts in 
Southern California. The wealth of 
vegetation along the streets and in 
the gardens is charmingly attractive, 
which includes lemon, date, fan 
palms, bananas, locust trees, persim- 
mons, and a host of others. Faie, 
from Los Angeles, round trip, 
30 cents. 

PESC.VDERO CAL. 
The town is situated in San Mateo 
County, one and one-half miles from 
the seashore, in a beautiful valley. 
The pebble beach is the greatest 
attraction, being one-third of a mile 
in length and covered to a depth of 
eighteen inches with siliceous stones 
of every conceivable hue and size. 
It is reached by the Southern Pacific 
Railroad to San Mateo, thence by 
stage about thirty miles over a 
delightful stretch of country, the 
scenery of which is grand in the 
extreme. 

REDLANDS JUNCTION, Cal. 

In the Santa Ana Valley on the 
Southern Pacific Railroad. Its growth 
has been wholly since 1887; it has 
now about 4,000 acres of orange 
orchads. In a decade it has devel- 
oped from nothing into a town of 
pavedstreets, sewerage system, lighted 
by electricity, and adorned by 
handsome homes. 

RIVERSIDE, Cal. 
In the Santa Ana Valley, reached 
b^ a motor liue from Colton. The 



pioneers settlers at Riverside in 
1871. Then it was a desert. Now 
it has 7,500 people, „Magnolia 
Avenue" is a broad thoroughfure 
for ten miles lined with magnolia, 
pepper, palm and eucalyptus trees. 

SACRAMENTO, Cal. 

The capital of California, ninety 
miles from San Francisco, and 
connected with that city by several 
lines of railway, as well as steamer 
lines on the Sacramento River. 

The climate and health of Sacra- 
mento is unexcelled bj any other 
section of the State. The distance 
from the ocean enables it to escape 
the cold, penetrating winds, while 
it does not get the hot blasts from 
the southern counties. The nights 
are, with one or two exceptions in 
the season, so cool that blankets are 
not uncomfortable as cover. 

From Sacramento the tourist, before 
proceeding north, can pay a visit to 
Lake Tahoe, "the enchanted lake," as 
many term it. 

Agents of the North German Lloyd : 

H. J. Goethe, 1011 Fourth St., 
Sacramento, Cal. 

F. E. Valentine, Agt. Santa Fe, 
Sacramento Cal. 

SALTON, Cal. 

The lowest spot on the con- 
tinent, 1851 nules from New Orleans, 
on the Southern Pacific Ry. Remark- 
able salt lake, thirty miles long 
and ten miles wide. The air so 
clear, that you look across it and 
it seems as though the further shore 
were not more than two miles away. 
It is a vast marsh, fed by thousands 
of springs that rise perhaps in the 
far-oif mountains, and whose waters 
are rapidly evaporated as they reach 
the surface, leaving over the whole 
lake a white expanse of pm-e salt 
that sparkles like a vast rippling 
field of ice. The salt is packed and 
shipped on a large scale. As Nature 
replaces the salt as rapidly as it is 

fathered, the supply is inexhaustible, 
he work is done by Cahnilla 
Indians, who live in a little village 
near by. 



59 



SANTA BARBARA 
281 miles by sea and 592 miles 
by rail from San Francisco, and 
contains about 10,000 people. In 
the course of the winter it is 
visited by thousands of tourists 
from the East, which causes it to 
present a more metropolitan aspect 
than many cities five times its size. 
During the summer months, there 
are visitors from San Francisco and 
the northern part of the State, so 
that at no time in the year is Santa 
Barbara lonesome. Horseback riding, 
surf bathing, driving among the 
caSons, and getting the views from 
the foothills, or merely dreaming 
away the hours in the calm enjoy- 
rnent of the delicate atmosphere, the 
visitors experience no difficulty in 
passing the time. 

SAN BERNARDINO, Col. 
In the Santa Ana Valley, reached 
by a motor line from Colton. San 
Bernardino has an altitude of a 
thousand feet. The business center 
of the town is substantially built. 

SAN BUENA VENTURA 

is eighty-three miles from Los 
Angeles, beautifully located on the 
seashore, an old ex-Spanish town of 
3,000 inhabitants. It is a quiet, 
homelike place, an admirable spot 
for a family during the vidnter. 
There are good stores, wellpaved 
streets, churches, schools, public 
library, emd the finest of sea 
bathing. 

SAN DIEGO 

482 miles by sea and 609 miles 
by rail from San Francisco. 

It is 127 miles from Los Angeles. 
It was here, or near by, at "Old 
Town", or Old San Diego, that the 
first white settler in California 
pitched his tent, April 11, 1769. It 
was the advance guard of civilization 
in the State. Padre Junipero Serra, 
the pioneer of pioneers with men, 
and the founder of the twenty-one 
missions of California, made his 
entiy in this year into San Diego 
on foot from an overland trip from 
Mexico, and on the 16 th of July, 
1769, established the first mission 
in California. 



SAN FRANCISCO, Cal. 
The splendid metropolis of Cali- 
fornia and of the entire Pacific Coast 
of America, though less than forty 
years old as a city, has a population 
to-day of nearly 400,000, with a 
commerce reachmg out through its 
Golden Gate to all the nations of 
the earth, with roads of steel stretch- 
ing away to the east, south, and 
north, and connecting it by a few 
days' travel with every part of the 
broad continent; with great manu- 
factories and markets for the sale 
and exchange of the fabrics and 
products of the civilized globe, and 
with the bright prospect of a gfowth 
and development which will bring 
it in a few more years to a rank 
among the great cities of the world. 
San Francisco is situated on the 
noble bay which bears its name, a 
bay which extends north and south 
for sixty miles, with a width of from 
lour to six miles in the vicinity of 
the city, and forming a great inland 
sea. The ground for several blocks 
along the city front is "made ground", 
made from cutting down the sand 
hills in the eeirly building of the 
city. Telegraph, Russian, Clay streets, 
and California Street ("Nob" Hill) 
will be noticed on the right, as the 
visitor approaches the city by ferry 
from the Oakland Pier. On the left, 
and more distant, he will see the 
outlines of the Mission Hills, and, 
by looking between these and nearly 
on a line with a huge bulk of the 
Palace Hotel, he sees m the distance 
the "Twin Peaks". Market Street, 
the great thouroughfare, starts from 
the landing place, from the ferry 
steamer, and stretches southwest 
direct toward these prominent land- 
marks. The climate of San Francisco 
is very equable, the temperature 
averagmg about 66° the year round, 
seldom going above 85" in summer 
or below 40° in winter. The trade 
winds, which blow during the sum- 
mer months from the broad Pacific, 
usually commence about 11,00 a. m., 
and keep the temperature at a refresh- 
ing state of coolness, making San 
Francisco a most desirable summer 
resort; while the winter, or "wet 
season", extending from October to 
April, corresponds to spring months 

60 



iu the Eastern, and Middle States, 
with occasional rainy days, but often 
with weeks at a time of warm, bright, 
simshiny days, the most perfect 
weather which can be imagined, 
with all the hills fresh and green, 
and in March, April, and May covered 
with the greatest profusion of wild 
flowers. Visitors who come from 
the Eastern States, should remember 
that they will need warm, heavy 
clothing here in summer as well as 
winter, as in summer the temperature 
in the morning up to eleven o'clock 
will often rise to 80 " or 85 ", and 
drop to 60° or 65° when the trade 
winds begin to blow. 

The street-car system is unex- 
celled. A gxeat many miles of cable- 
roads are in operation, traversing 
all parts of the city, climbing the 
steep hills, affording the residents 
of the hilly sections easy and cheap 
commimication with the business 
parts. A trip over the cable-roads 
affords the finest views which can 
be obtained of the city, bay, and 
surrounding country, and is a pleas- 
ure trip indeed. The Market Street 
cable system extends to the famous 
Cliff House, Ocean Beach, and Sutro 
Heights, through the beautiful Golden 
Gate Park. The California Street 
cable-road runs up California Street 



(or "Nob" Hill), where are situated 
magnificent residences. The United 
States Mint is on Fifth Street, near 
Market,' and is the largest mint in 
the world. The spendid plant of 
the Union Iron Works at the Potrero 
is well worth a visit and inspection, 
it being fully equal in all its ap- 
pointments to any of the great ship- 
yards or iron works in the East, or 
on the Clyde, in Scotland. 

Hotels: "The Palace", "The Grand" 
located on Market Street. "The 
Baldwin Hotel", "The Lick", "the 
Grand" and the "Occidental". 

The Streets. The visitor lands in 
San Francisco at the foot of Market 
Street, which runs about southwest 
and northeast, and divides the two 
main systems of streets. The others 
cross at right angles, and are num- 
bered from the water front westward, 
or from Market Street, 100 numbers 
being assigned to each block. 

Telegraph Hill is in the north- 
eastern part of the city, reached by 
the North Beach and Hill Street 
railroads, and from it may be had a 
fine view ol San Francisco Bay 
and many points of interest. The 
best time to visit the Hill is about 
9,00 a. m. on a clear morning. The 
following are the directions and 
distances of various points: 



Distance. Direction. 
The Farallones 35 miles W. 



Point Bonita Lighthouse .... 6V2 

Alcatraz IV2 

Yerba Buena Island 2^/2 

Saucelito 5 

Red Roek , 9 

Two Brothers 11 

Two Sisters 13 

Port Point W 

Oakland 7 

Monte Diablo 29 

Tamalpais 12 

Tamalpais now has a railway 
running from Eastland to the Summit, 
a distance of eight miles, 71/2 per 
cent grade. 

Monte Diablo and Tamalpais are 
the two most prominent peaks visible 
from the hill. 

Nob Hill is reached by a ride of 
less than five minutes from Kearney 
Street by the California Street cable 
cars. Here you may see the costlj'' 



Nearly West, 

NNW. ■ 

E. 

NW. 

N. 

N. 

N. 

W. 

E. 

NNE. 

NW. 
residences of Stanford, Flood, Hun- 
tington, Crocker, Towne, et. al. 

Public Libraries. — San Fran- 
cisco has seven public libraries, with 
over 250,000 volumes in the ag- 
gregate. The principal of these 
are the Free, in City Hall: the Law; 
the Mercantile, Van Ness Avenue; 
the Mechanics', 31 Post Street; the 
Odd Fellows', corner Seventh and 
Market streets; the San Francisco 



61 



Verein, and the French. The Mer- 
cantile and the Free libraries are 
among the largest, having respec- 
tively over 55,000 and 60,000 
volumes. 

Golden Gate Park. — San Fran- 
cisco has several public parks, the 
largest of which is the Golden Gate 
Park,! three miles long and half a 
mile wide, containing 1,013 acres, 
extending from Stanyan Street to 
the ocean. From $900,000 to 
$ 1,000,000 has been spent in its 
improvement during the last fifteen 
years. The site of this Park, which 
m 1874 was nothing but bare 
sandhills, has been transfonned into 
one of the notable parks of America. 
Its attractions are now perfect roads 
for driving and cycling; beautiful 
landscape gardening, a choicely 
stocked conservatory, rustic arbors, 
etc. — Military Band plays after- 
noons of Saturdays, Sundays, and 
holidays. Grand views of distant 
mountains, the Pacific Ocean, City 
and Bay of San Francisco. Drive 
out on Golden Gate Avenue, 
or by the Haight Street cable cars. 
Fare, 5 cents. 

Presidio Reservation fronts on 
the Golden Gate for two miles on 
each side of Fort Point, which is 
situated at the naiTOwest portion of 
the Golden Gate. It has several 
miles of beautiful drives, is owned 
by the General Government, and its 
ban-acks have the largest military 
force on the western slope of the 
United States. Drive via Montgomery 
and Union streets, 4 miles to Presidio, 
51/2 miles to Fort Point, Or take 
Union Street cable cars. 

Cliff House, Seal Rocks, and 
Sutro Heights are situated at Point 
Lobos, or the South Head at the 
entrance of the Golden Gate, and 
are among the chief attractions and 
famous places of California. From 
the balcony of the hotel, which 
overhangs the cliff, hundreds of 
seals, or sea lions, may be seen in 
the water or climbing over the rocks; 
whUe still higher up the cliff behind 
you are Sutro Heights, or the private 
garden of Adolph Sutro. South 
Irom this point, for three miles, is a 
beautiful beach, affording a fine 
drive at low tide. Tickets of admis- 



sion to Sutro Heights are issued at 
the Cliff House free of cost to 
strangers. There are several ways 
of reaching the Cliff House, but the 
most scenic is the Powell Street line 
skirting along the Cliils overlooking 
the ocean. Another way. is by the 
route mentioned via Golden Gate 
Park and the Park & Ocean Rail- 
road; or drive via Golden Gate Park 
and return along the beach, at ebb 
tide; and by Mission Road, fine city 
views; or by Point Lobos Avenue, 
good bay views; and Gearys Street. 

Cemeteries. — Laurel Hill Catho- 
lic aud Odd Fellows' Cemeteries 
may be reached by Geary Street 
cable cars or Sutter Street cable 
line; the Masonic Cemetery by the 
McAllister Street cable line. Fare, 
5 cents. 

The Post Office, Custom House, 
and Appraiser's Building are in 
Washington St., between Semsome 
and Battery streets. 

Mint. — The United States Mint 
is situated at the comer of Fifth 
and Mission streets. Special attention 
to visitors 9,00 A. M. to 3,00 P. M. 

New City Hall on Park Avenue, 
McAllister, and Larkin streets, is 
not yet completed. Over $ 3,000,000 
has been expended on it, and the 
entire cost of the structure is es- 
timated at $4,500,000. 

Markets for fruit, flowers, fish, game, 
and other produce are in the neigh- 
borhood of the Post Offiice — the 
"California Market," on California 
below Kearney; the "Central Mai-ket," 
corner of Dupont and Sutter. Visit 
early in morning. Semi - tropical 
fi-uits and flowers all the year round. 

Theaters, Etc. — The Baldwin, 
corner Market and Powell streets; 
the New California, Bush, above 
Kearney: the Bush Street, on Bush, 
above Montgomery; the Grand Opera 
House, on Mission, between Third 
and Fom-th; the Alcazar, on O'Farrell, 
between Stockton and Powell; Tivoli 
Opera House, on Eddy, above Powell, 
near the Baldwin Hotel; Columbia 
Theater, on Powell, opposite the 
Baldwin Hotel. 

The Finest Buildings and Business 
Localities. — Banks, Isurance Com- 
panies, Stock Exchange, Merchants' 
Exchange ai-e located m Montgomery 



62 



and Sansome, Pine and California, 
and Market streets; the Palace Hotel 
occupies three acres of land on New 
Montgomery and Market streets; the 
Baldwin Hotel and Theater, corner 
of Powell and Market streets; the 
California Hotel and Theater, on 
Bush street near Kearney Steet; the 
Lick House, Occidental and Russ, on 
Montgomery; the Chronicle Building 
will also be noticed; the Crocker 
Building opposite Palace Hotel, and 
the Mills Building on Montgomery; 
the Parrott and Sprcckels buildings 
on Market Street, recently erected, 
are very fine and merit attention. 

Mission Dolores. — Built ia 1776, 
one of the old Spanish landmarks. 
Sixteenth and Dolores streets. 

Chzirches. — There are 120 church 
organizations in San Francisco, all 
of which have houses of worship in 
different parts of the city. 

Schools. — There are two high 
schools, one public commercial, 
sixteen grammar, upward of thirfy 
primary, and niue unithig both gi-am- 
mar and primary grades. There are 
about one hundxed private schools 
in the city, over 72,000 children bet- 
ween the ages of five and seventeen 
years, and 800 public schoolteachers. 
San Francisco is the third city in 
the Union in the number of children 
taught in kindergartens. 

Newspapers. — As a class, the 
newspapers of California have become 
distinguished for their intelligent 
treatment of local industries and 
commerce, and they have exerted 
great iafluence on the development 
of California's resources and for the 
promotion of the cause of popular 
education. The value of the news- 
paper and literary business amounts 
to over $4,000,000 annually. There 
are about eighty daily newspapers 
ia California, with a circulation of 
upward of 250,000 copies, of which 
San Francisco furnishes over 180,000 
from fourteen publications. The 
demands of the people regarding the 
current news of the day are intelli- 
gently supplied. 

General Information. San Fran- 
cisco Post Office, Washington and 
Battery streets. 

MEiin post office general delivery 
is open from 7.30 A. M. to 6.00 P. M. 



every day ,'Sun days excepted. Sundays 
from 1.00 to 2.00 P. M. 

Post Office Station "A" — Polk 
and Austin streets. 

Post Office Station "B" — Eighth 
and Mission streets. 

Post Office Station "C" — Twentieth 
and Mission streets. 
Post Office Station "D" Foot of 
Market Street, at ferries. 

Post Office Station "K" — 30 New 
Montgomery Street. 

Hack fares: One person not more 
than one mile, $ 1.50; two or more 
persons, % 2.50; four or less, by the 
hour — first hour, $3.00; each sub- 
sequent hour, $ 2.00. 

Cab fares: One person not more 
than one mile $ 1.00; two or more 
persons, by the hour — first hour, 
$ 1.50; each subsequent hour, $ 1,00. 

N. B. — Dress warmly in San 
Francisco, or else carry overcoat or 
wraps, especially after nightfall. Cool 
sea breezes come without warning. 

POINTS OF INTEREST. 

Academy . of Sciences. Market 
and Fourth streets. 

Hopkins Art Institute. California 
and Mason streets. 

Fire Patrol. Drill daily at 12 M. 
sharp. 106 and 108 Jessie Street, 
near Place Hotel. 

Nataiorium. Lurline Salt Water 
Baths, Bush and Larkin streets. 

United States Land Office. 610 
Commercial Street. 

State Boards, Viticulture, 101 
Sansome Street; .horticulture, 220 
Sutter Street; Agricultnre, Sacra- 
mento City: Trade and Exhibit of 
Products, 575 Market Street. 

State Mining Bureau. Pioneer 
Hall, Fourth Street near Market. 

Merchants' Exchange. California 
Street, between Montgomery and 
Sansome. 

San Francisco Chamber of Com. - 
merce. Merchants' Exchange, Cali- 
fornia Street. 

San Francisco Board of Trade. 
Union Block, 202 Market Street. 

Libraries. The People's Free 
Library, New City Hall; The 
Mechanics' Library, 31 Post Street; 
The Odd Fellows' Library, Market 
and Seventh; The Geographical 
Society of the Pacific, 5i3 Post; 



63 



The San Francisco Art Association, 
4:50 Pine; The Mercantile Libieiry, 
Fomth Street, beween Market and 
Mission. 

Wells-Fargo Express. New Mont- 
gomery, near Palace Hotel. 

Western Union Telegraph. Main 
Office, N. E. comer Montgomery 
and Pine. 

Pacific Postal Telegraph. Main 
Office, 534 Market Street. 

Te egraph Hill. Take Montgomery 
and North Beach street cars at base 
of hill. Elevation 294 feet. Fine 
view of the city. 

San Francisco Stock Exchange. 
Pine Street, between Montgomery 
and Sansome. 

Chinatown. Joss houses, theaters, 
restaurants, curio shops, etc., west 
of Kearney and north of California 
streets. Population ab ut 30,000. 
Can safely be visited. For night 
visit and inspection of the opium 
and gambling dens, underground 
haunts, etc., a reliable guide is 
necessary. 

Chinatown proper — that is, the 
portion of the city occupied almost 
exclusively hy Chinamen — extends 
from Stockton Street almost to the 
border of Kearney, and from Sacra- 
mento to Pacific streets, including 
aU the lanes and alleys that lie 
between. The most densely populated 
portion of the quarter is the block 
on Dupont Street, which is bounded 
by Jackson and Pacific. 

Joss Hozises. Of the six principal 
joss houses in San Francisco, one 
belonging to the Hop Wo Company 
is located at 751 Clay Street; one 
belonging to the Ning Wong Com- 
pany at 230 Montgomery Avenue; 
one is at 35 Wavei^y Place; one at 
512 Pine Street (the Kong Chow); 
one is situated in a lane on the north 
side of Sacramento Street, thi-ee 
doors below Stockton, and one on 
Jackson Street, between Stockton 
and Dupont. 

Chinese Theaters. San Francisco 
has two Chinese theaters — the only 
ones in America — one at 629 Jack- 
son, the other 816 Washington 
Street. The charge for admission 
is 25 cents for Chinamen and 50 
cents for white persons. The per- 
formace runs from 4,30 till 12,00P.M. 



but the white visitor can see enough 
between 8,00 and 10,00 o'clock to 
satisfy his curiosity. 

No Eastern visitor's education is 
complete till he has visited Chinatown. 
It can safely be visited by ladies in 
the daytime; for night visit and 
inspection of the opium and gam- 
bling dens, underground haunts, etc., 
a reliable guide is necessary and 
can be engaged at the Occidental or 
Palace hotels. 

AROUND SAN FRANCISCO. 
San Francisco is and should be 
made the center from which to visit 
all the tourist resorts of California. 
It is an interesting city of itself.-and 
will employ the time of the visitor 
profitably and agreeably for days. 
Its sail-flecked bay and the Golden 
Gate are a chapter of pleasing sights 
varied in aspect by the movements 
of the multitude of vessels floating 
the flags of all nations. 

Among its many attractions the 
tourist must not neglect visiting the 
famous Cliff House, which commands 
a view of the Seal Rocks and the 
Golden Gate. The drive out to the 
Cliff House, through the military 
post of presidio and back through 
the park, is one of the finest drives 
in the world. Excursions across its 
shining surface to the ocean, to San 
Rafael, etc., are enjoyable and fre- 
quent. From San Rafael the journey 
may be continued northward to Santa 
Rosa, Tomales, the Geysers, Clover- 
dale, and Clear Lake, passing on the 
return the Petrified Forest, Calistoga, 
St. Helena, Napa, and Vallejo. Oak- 
land, the suburban city, in which 
reside many of the richest citizens 
of San Francisco, Mount Diablo, 
the Sacramento River, Sacramento, 
Marysville, and Mount Shasta, may 
all be visited at slight expense. South- 
ward lie Santa Clara, Pescadero, San 
Jose, Gihoy Springs, Pajaro, Santa 
Cruz, and Monterey, each charming 
in its own way. 

Oakland is peculiarly happy in its 
location. It lies opposite the pen- 
insula of San Francisco, and shelt- 
ered by its high hills and the inter- 
vening bay and islands from the 
coast winds and fogs. It has a long 
western frontage upon the beaulifiU 



^ 



SAN FRANCISCO, 




Haj^ of San Francisco, its northern 
limits directly facing the Golden 
Gate; with a southern frontage upon 
the Estuciry and San Antonio Creek, 
now being deepened by the General 
Government for harbor piu'poses. 

The slope upon which it lies is 
steep enough to insure good drain- 
age, without interfering with the 
regularity of the streets. The soil 
is rich, and the circling line of the 
Contra Costa Hills lies so closely 
behind, upon the north, that it is 
sheltered alike from the cold winds 
of winter and the torrid heat of 
summer, which constitutes the chief 
drawback in some of the interior 
counties. 

Only seven miles from San Fran- 
cisco, there is }''et an almost enth-e 
freedom from the damp, chilly winds 
and drifting fogs of the western 
shore. The landlocked natirre of the 
location accounts for this, the ordin- 
ary currents of an- being simply the 
gentle breeze that blows in from the 
salt watei during the day, and the 
off shore breeze at night. 

Berkeley, four and a half miles 
north of Oakland, is the seat of the 
State University. Steam cars (fare, 
10 cents) from the feriy landing, 
and horse cars (fare, 10 cents) every 
hour from Broadway, Oakland. The 
carriage drive is line. The elevation 
of the site of the University is about 
400 feet above the sea, with a com- 
manding outlook to the west. The 
walks through the grounds, which 
embrace 200 acres, aie delightful, 
and the interest is augmented by 
the many foreign trees, shrubs, and 
vines, as well as all the domestic 
vai-ieties, making an extensive botan- 
ical garden, which are cultivated 
here. 

The facilities for crossing the bay 
to Alameda, Oakland, and Berkeley, 
those charming envu-ons of San Fran- 
cisco, are most excellent. Two ferry 
lines operated by the Southern Pacific 
Company run their fine steamers 
alternately with one another, affor- 
ding a trip every fifteen minutes 
during the day and every half hour 
at night. The steamers connect with 
trains on the opposite side. The 
fare for steamer and train is 15 
cents, or 25 cents for round trip. 



The service is thourdughly first- 
class, and is probably not excelled 
by any like sei^vice in the world. 

Agents of the North German Lloyd : 

Robt Capelle, General Pacific Coast 
Agent, 118 Montgomerj' St., San 
Franeisco, Cal. 

Geo W. Fletcher, Union Pac, 
613 Market, San Francisco, Cal. 

/ F. Fugasi & Co., 5 Mont- 
gomery Ave., San Francisco, Cal. 

D. W. HUchkock, Union Pac, 
1 Montgomery St.. San Francisco. Cal. 



Clinton Jones, Agt. C. R. & Pac.> 
30 Montgomery St., San Francisco, 
Cal. 

6". H. Perkins, Agt. Santa Fe, 
Chronicle Bldg., San Francisco, Cal. 

R. R. Ritchie, Agt. Chic. & N. W. 
Ry., 2 New -Montgomery St., San 
Francisco, Cal. 

W. H. Snedaker, Agt. D. R. G. 
Ry. , 14 Montgomery Ave., San 
Francisco, Cal. 

F. H. Staieler, Agt. North. Pac, 
638 Market St., San Francisco, Cal. 

M. M. Siern, Agt. Can. Pac, 
Cronicle Bldg., San Francisco. Cal. 

R. P. Schwerin, Genl. Mgr. Pac. 
Mail, Room 74 Union Trust Bldg. 
San Francisco, Cal. 

Thos. Cook & Sou, 621 Market St., 
San Francisco, Cal. 

SAN JOSE. 

A lovely city of 20,000 population, 
forty -seven miles south of San 
Francisco and frequented on ac- 
count of its delightful climate. 

Se%'en miles distant, in the pic- 
tiuresque canon of Alum Rock, the 
city owns 400 acres, and one of the 
most beautiful di'ives in the country 
connects the reservation with the 
to\vn. 

The institution that more than all 
others is making San Jose's name 
known abroad, is the great Lick 
Observatory, on Mount Hamilton, 
twenty-six miles from the city by 
an excellent road, and via the Mount 
Hamilton Stage Company which rtins 



m 



elegant six-horse obsen^ation coaches, 
ana has its general office at Wells, 
Fargo & Co.'s. 

San RAFAEL, Cal. 
The chief town of Marin county, i 
a beautiful place near the north- 
eastern base of Mt. Tamalpais, fifteen 
miles from San Francisco, can be 
reached by boat and rail, either by 
way of Sausalito or Tiburon. Being 
sheltered by the mountains, it has 
little wind or fog, and has charming 
natural scenery as well as many 
elegant dwellings and gardens. The 
drives in the vicinity of the town 
are very romantic, especially on the 
roads to Ross Valley, Nicasio, White's 
Hill, and the Lagunitas reservoir. 
San Rafael was the site of a Francis- 
can mission, established ' in 1817 to 
convert the Indians. The mission 
buildings have now disappeared. 

SANTA CATALINA, Cal. 
An island 19 miles off the Coast 



of California, about thirty miles 
distant, to the south of San Pedro 
harbor not far from Los Angeles. 
This island is twenty three miles 
long and from half a mile to eight 
miles large. Its hills rise to a 
height of 3,000 feet. It is owned 
by private capitalists of Los Angeles 
and is one of the best known resorts 
on the Pacific coast. 

SANTA CRUZ. 
Eighty miles. Sea Beach Hotel. A 
city of 6,000 population, nicely situa- 
ted on the bay of Monterey. Avery 
popular summer resort; fine bathing 
and fishing. A beautiful mountain 
drive may be made six mil* to the 
Big Trees. Fare, $ 2.80 one way; 
round trip, Friday to Monday, $ 4.50. 

STOCKTON, Cal. 
A flourishing town of about 22,000 
inhab. on the San Yoaquin River, 
48 miles from Sacramento. State 
Insane Asylum. 



^^ 



THE UNION PACIFIC SYSTEM. 



1 his great national highway, forming a part of the first trans- 
continental railroad from ocean to ocean, was conceived, and its 
construction authorized, as a war measure, the needs of the Government 
during the War of the Rebellion having clearly shown the necessity 
for it. When first talked of, many thought the feat of constructing a 
line of railroad over the Rocky Mountains an utter impossibility. The 
route, as projected along the old emigrant wagon trail through 
Nebraska to Ogden, in Utah, gave rise to grave discussion to its 
feasibility, and many who had crossed the plains, desert, and mountains 
to California in '49 and '50 knew very well a railroad could not be 
buUt there, for, "How could a locomotive ascent a mountain where 
six yoke of oxen could scarcely haul a wagon?" 

There are people who challenge your admiration, and among 
them is the civil engineer. He climed the mountains thought 
impassable, and upon May 10th, 1869, the last spike connecting the 
Bast with the West was driven at Promontory, just beyond Ogden, 
since which time the Union Pacific has become known throughout the 
world for the excellence of its roadbed, the completeness of its service, 
and the shortness of its line connecting the two oceans. 

Crossing the Missouri River from Council Bluffs, in Iowa over 
a magnificient double track steel bridge of 11 spans, 75 feet above the 
water, each span 250 feet long, and which was changed from a wooden 
structure originally connecting Iowa and Nebraska, to the present link 
uniting the two great States, without interfering with the running of 
a single train, Omaha is reached the metropolis of the "Antelope 

66a 



State". A city of 140,000 people, Omaha shows what Western push 
and energy will do in a quarter of a century, the population in 1880 
being 30,315. There are many points of interest in and about Omaha, 
which lies on the west bank of the Missouri. 

Fremont, forty seven miles west of Omaha, is rapidly passed 
on the transcontinental journey. Columbus, Grand Island, Kearney, 
and North Platte are rapidly left behind. At Julesburg a profitable 
side trip may be made in a visit to Denver and its beautiful 
environments. 

Denver is the social and commercial center, not alone of 
Colorado, but also of the outlying states, and is called the "Queen 
City of the Plains". Its elevation is 5,170 feet above the sea-level. 
It is the gate of the mineral and scenic phenomena that have made 
the Rocky Mountains famous ? 

From Denver there is an unbroken view of the Rocky Mountains 
for nearly 300 miles, reaching from beyond Long's Peak on the north 
to the historical summit of Pike's Peak on the south. This lovely 
mountain view is an every day afifair to the citizens of Denver, but 
nowhere in the world can' its beauty and grandeur be surpassed. 

From Denver an innumerable number of trips may be taken and 
they will embrace in their extent the grandest scenery in Colorado, 
whether of mountain height, picturesque canon or beautiful valley, 
The points named are easy of access, and the train service of the 
Union Pacific and its Colorado connections unsurpassed. 

Continuing the trip to the Pacific, Cheyenne is the next town 
of any importance after leaving Omaha. It is well and compactly 
built, and for many years has been the center of the cattle industry 
of the north. Leaving Cheyenne the train climbs a grade of 2,000 feet 
in thirty three miles to Shermann, 8,247 feet above the sea-level, and 
the highest point of the transcontinental ride between the Missouri 
River and San Francisco. 

Just beyond Sherman is Dale Creek Bridge, one of the most 
remarkable sights of the overland trip. The structure is of iron and 
stretches from bluff to bluff with a 650 foot span. The train passes 
over it just 127 feet above the creek, which looks like a mere revulet. 

Laramie, often called the "Gem City of the Rockies", has an 
elevation of 7,149 feet, and is one of the principal towns on the main 
line of the Union Pacific syslem between Council Bluffs and Ogden. 

From Green River the trip across the continent to San 
Francisco is continued. After passing Granger, the last town of 

66b 



importance in "Wyoming, Evanston is reached. At Wasatch Station 
the road enters Echo Canon. Echo Creek, which runs through the 
canon is crossed thirty one times in twenty six miles. Three and a half 
miles west of Wasatch the train runs into a tunnel 900 feet long. 

Ogden is the western termini of the Union Pacific. It has an 
elevation of 4,301 feet ahove sea- level, and a population of 17,000. 

At Ogden the west-bound tourist finds himself transferred to 
what is familiarly inown as "The Central Pacific", officially designated 
however, as "The Ogden Route" of the Southern Pacific Company. 



66 c 



COLORADO. 



Colorado is a Spanish word, sig- 
nifying "red" or "colored." It 
formed a part of the Louisana 
purchase in 1803, and on its organiza- 
tion as a Territory in Febi-uary, 1861, 
it was made up of parts of Kansas, 
Nebraska, Utah, and New Mexico. 
Vasquez de Coronado was probably 
the first white explorer to reach this 
section in 1540; in later years 
Captain Pike headed a party in 1806, 
Colonel Long in 182o, and Fremont 
in 1842-4. Colorado has an area 
of 104,000 square miles, and is 38o 
miles in length and 280 miles wide; 
ranks first in silver and fourth in 
gold, and in mineral productions is 
accounted the richest of the States. 
It was admitted to the Union August 
1, 1876, and is known as the 
"Centennial State." 

CEDAR POINT, Col. 
104 miles from Denver, the highest 
point on the U. P. line, 5,695 feet 
above the level of the sea. 

FIRST VIEW, Col. 
166 miles from Denver; elevation 
4561 feet. Derives its name from the 
fact, that if the sky be clear, pas- 
sengers from the East, obtain their 
first view of the Rocky Mountains, 
184 miles distant from their base. 

HUGO, Col. 
Station of the U. P. R. R., 104 
miles from Denver; elevation 5,027; 
named for Mr. Hugo Richai^ds, a 
Colorado pioneer. 



KIT C.\RSON, Col. 

Named for the famous trapper 
and guide of that name, and some- 
what noted as being the place where 
the Grand Duke Alexis of Russia 
tarried to hmit buffalo, in January, 
1872. It was a big hmit, and it is 
said that the Duke killed 40 of the 
noble animals. 

On the Big Sandy River, near the 
junstion of Horse Creek. 

MIRAGE, Col. 
A small station of the Union 
Pacific R. R., 39 miles from Kit 
Carson; deriving its name from the 
curious phenomenon, the mirage 
(mirazh), which has often been 
witnessed in this vicinity. 

DENVER, Col. 

The Capital of the State of Colo- 
rado and its commercial center. It 
has a population of 107,000. The 
first settlement was made in 1858, 
when 200 citizens elected a delegate 
and moimted him on the back of a 
broncho and started him for Wash- 
ington, to get the "Pike's Peak Gold 
Mines" set apai-t from Kansas as a 
separate territory. 

To-day its citizens can travel to 
the East in six different palace car 
lines via the Missouri River £ind one 
via Fort Worth and the Gulf of 
Mexico. 

The traveler arrives in Denver at 
the Union Depot, a spacious stone 
structure, 503 feet in length by 65 fi. 
in width. 



t>7 



The principal hotels are : the Albany, 
Windsor, American, Metropole and 
St. James, Charges, from $ 3,00-5,00 
per day. 

There are scores of Restaurants, 
from 5 cent lunch counters, to 
palaces. The street car system is 
very complete, starting from the 
southern entrance of the Depot. 
Public carriages can always be hired 
near the hotels and the Depot, also 
the Transfer Go's' Busses and wagons. 

Denver has smelting works and 
manufactories of all kinds. It has 
public buildings, cathedrals, churches 
and schools, imsurpassed in any 
eastern city of double its age. It 
has the finest opera house and well- 
appointed hotels. Its artesian water 
supply has no equal in the world, 
bemg taken by over 300 wells from 
380 to 1,160 feet beneath the city, 
and is as pure as cr3'stal. 

Denver is the seat of Arapahoe 
county, 14 miles east in a direct 
line, from the base of the Rocky 
mountains, at the junction of the 
South Platte river and Cherry creek; 
elevation 5,224 feet above sea level. 
It is a city of brick and stone, 
almost exclusively. In many of the 
large business blocks (several eight 
stories in height) iron is used, and 
the buildings are very costly and 
substantial, and provided with all 
the modern improvements. 

The Chamber of Commerce and 
Board of trade building is situated 
on the corner of Lawrence and 
Fourteenth streets. 

The Alpine view from Denver, of 
the great Rocky mountain chain, 
extending north and south for 200 
miles with Long's peak to the north, 
Pike's peak to the south, and the 
"dome of the continent," Gray's 
peak, in the center is most exquisite! 
Supplement the picture with the 
beautiful buttes, foot-hills and the 
rolling prairies, 600 miles wide to 
the eastward, and the magnificent 
landscape is complete. 

As a distribuling point, its central 
location must ever command the 
trade and traffic of the numerous 
mining and agricultural towns, both 
in the mountains and valleys. Its 
wonderful, almost unlimited railroad 
<iil\auui^cs, is another miirvcl. 



Denver, to-day, is f e terminus o/ 
more railroads, with but two excep- 
tions, than any city, town or village 
in the world. Sixteen is the 
number now, to which can be added 
within the next 18 months, two 
more. These 16 railroads are all 
separate and distinct organizations, 
running regular trains. 

The newspapers and miscellaneous 
publications number 33. Denver 
may confidently be looked forward 
to as the literary center of the Rocky 
Mountain region as well as its 
metropolis. 

Fine view from the roof of the 
Equitable Building. West, the Rocky 
Mts. from Long's Peak in the north, 
to Pike's Peak in the south. Torrey's 
Peak and Mt. Evans are in full view. 
At your feet, the city with the new 
State Capitol and the charming 
residence quarters on Capitol Hill. 
The Cable car mns tkrough 17 th St. 
and 17 th Avenue to City Park. 
Corner of 17 th St. and Glenarm St., 
is the Denver Club. The Central 
Presbyterian Church is Cor. 17 th 
St. and Sher^Tian Avenue. Other 
edifices wo: h visiting are; the 
Cotmty Court House, Custom Hotise 
and Post Office. A visit to the 
U. S. Branch Mint, 16 th Street, is 
interesting. Among the city's ed- 
ifices and institutions are: the 
Denver High School, on Stout St., 
between l9th and 20 th Streets; 
City Hall, Cor. 14 th and Larimer 
Sts., the Mining Exchange, Cor. 
15 th and Araphoe Sts. the Chamber 
of Cotnmerce with the Mercantile 
Library, Cor. 14 th and Lawrence 
Sts. the Presbyterian College, Mont- 
clair; the Tabor Opera House 
Block, Cor. 16th and Larimer; the 
Broadway Theater, Cor. 18 th St. 
and Broadway; The Bijou, Curtis 
St. Trinity Chtirch, Broadway and 
18th St. St. Mary's Cathedral (Rom. 
Cath.) on Stout St., between 15 th 
and 16th Streets; Wesitninster Un- 
iversity of Colorado; the College 
of the Sacred Heart, Corner College 
and Homer Avenues. 

In Montclair, is a Museum of Art, 

j containing a Collection of Pictures 

etc. The Smelting Works are worth 

visiting, e. g. The Colorado & Boston 

in Argo; Omaha Sc Grant in LaviinQr 




68 a 



St. or the Globe, all in the north of 
the city. By cable or electric car, 
EH/ch's Zoological Garden (Admis- 
sion 25 cents) Berkeley Lake and 
Park and Sloan Lake, can be visited. 
Denver is well located for excur- 
sions and side toiu^s in Colorado: 

TOUR No. 1. 
From Denver to Clear Creek 
Conon, Central City, Idaho Springs, 
Georgetown, Middle Park and 
Gray's Pea.k, 

The only rail route that can be 
taken to these places is via the 
(narrow gauge) Colorado Cent'} al, 
branch of the Union Pacific railway. 
There are two regular passenger 
trains, each way, daily; one at 
8 o'clock a. m., the other at 3 o'clock 
p. m. The morning train is the best 
to take. 

Leaving the depot our train moves 
northward, passing gasworks, el- 
evators, machine shops and manufac- 
tories, a half mile to the bridge over 
the Platte river. Soon we commence 
to climb the rolling prairie and in 
two miles Argo is passed, where are 
located the Boston & Colorado 
Smelting works. 

Half a mile farther a beautiful 
view can be had of Denver, which 
lies to the southeast. 

Proceeding a short distance farther, 
the valley of Clear creek appears 
suddenly to our vision. It is one 
of the mo.st fertile in the state. 

•Descending into the vaUey we 
cross the bridge over Clear creek 
and run along on its west bank to 
Arvada, a small hamlet, seven miles 
from Denver. 

Nearly opposite Arvada, to the 
south three miles that big building 
is the CathoUc college. 

Our course is now directly west 
toward the mountains, crossing 
Ralston creek and many irrigating 
canals to the base of the Table 
mountains. 

These huge "Tables", the outposts 
or giant sentinels of the Rocky 
mountains, are 1,000 feet in height, 
nearly roimd, flat on top, well 
grassed, and at one time must have 
been one unbroken range enclosing 
a.gi'eat basin above, where is now 
the site of Golden. 



Golden. (Pop. 2,624). 15 mik'S 
from Denver, is the scat of Jefferson 
county; was first settled in 1851). 

The State School of Mines is 
located here — a noble structure for 
the purpose. The number of students 
in attendance is large and increasing. 
Leaving Golden our covu-se is 
west ward, dhectly for the moun- 
tains, which rise over 2000 feet above 
the road. The train circles the 
mountains and we are now in the 
mouth of the canon, and the huge 
fingers of the mountain ai'e thrust 
out on each side, interlocking like 
the fingers of the hands. 

Eight miles brings our train to the 
first stopping place, Beaver Brook, 
named from a small stream, commg 
in on the left, down a narrow caiion, 
up which, six miles distant, is located 
a saw-mill in a perfect forest of 
timber. 

Forks Creek ■ — (Eight miles from 
Golden; elevation, 6,880 feet). — 
Thejunction ofNorth and South Clear 
creek. Here our trains is divided. 
The route for Georgetown turns to 
the left, across the bridge, while that 
for Black Hawk and Central keeps 
to the right. 
Two miles above the Forks is 
Cottonwood — A side-track — a 
milk ranch and a water tank. 

Nearly opposite this station Russell 
gulch comes down, up which, are 
located the old placer mines, so noted 
m 1859. 

Black Hawk — (Pop., 2,000; alti- 
tude, 8,032 feet). — Gold in paying 
quantities was first . discovered in 
this county at this place, by John 
H. Gregory, May 6, 1859. During 
the summer the great msh of gold- 
seekers commenced in earnest and 
the mountains were overrun with 
prospectors, every day bringing re- 
ports of rich placer diggings or quartz 
discoveries. 

Central City — (Pop., 8,400; from 
Denver, 39 miles; elevation, 8,503 
feet; 471 feet higher than Black 
Hawk). — The scat of Gilpin county. 
Central is the trading center, for an 
extensive chain of mining camps or 
"diggings," which niunber from 20 
to 500 mhabitants. 

Idaho Springs — (Pop., 3,500; 
from Forks, eight miles; Denver, 37 



G9 



miles; Georgetown, 18 miles; eleva- 
tion, 7,543). — Is in Clear creek 
country, in a beautiful little park 
nearly two miles long and half a 
mile in width, the lands gently sloping 
southwai-d. The streets are broad, 
beside which are rows of planted 
trees. 

In April, 1859, gold was discovered 
in paying quantities on what is known 
now as Chicago creek, a small stream 
that comes down from the south, 
opposite Idaho; but these placer 
diggings were soon worked out, and 
then came the search for quartz 
mines, the result of which has made 
this county one of the most noted 
in the momitains as a gold and silver- 
producing region. 

Idaho for its hot and cold mineral 
springs has become noted as a health 
and pleasure resort. 

It is claimed the waters contain 
rare medicinal properties, and are 
necirly identical in chemical ingredi- 
ents and temperature with the cele- 
brated Carlsbad waters of Germany, 
However that may be, they have be- 
come renowned and are visited by 
tourists and many citizens of Colorado 
annually. 

Fall River or Spanish Bar is two 
miles above Idaho, where comes in 
from the north a small creek called 
Fall river, about eight miles in length, 
along which are located 1,000 quarts 
claims and several mills. 

At different points above Idaho 
are located mills, mines, tunnels and 
extensive mining improvements, which 
include some placer mining. Four 
miles above Dumont is Lawson, at 
the base of Red Elephant mountain. 

Empire City is two miles above 
Lawson, but not in view, being 
about one mile to the westward up 
the north fork of Clear creek. 

After crossing the north fork our 
course is south, running along the 
base of Republican mountaiu which 
rises above the road almost perpen- 
dicularly 1,250 feet, while on the east, 
Alpiae mountain elevates its crest 
2,000 feet high. On the sides of 
these mountains Jire shafts, tunnels 
and prospect holes in great numbers. 
Three miles further, the Union pass 
wagon road can be seen, away up 
the side of the moimtain to the right. 



It is built through a depression be« 
tween Douglas and Democrat moun- 
tains, and is bordered on one side 
going up and the other going down 
with steep precipices. 

As we proceed, the mountains are 
closing on each side, the way is 
narrow, the grade heavy, and the 
distance six miles from Lawson to 

Georgetozvn — (Pop., 2,171 ele- 
vation, 8,476 feet; from Denver, 50 
miles). The seat of Clear Creek 
county, ia the center of the oldest 
silver-mining region in Colorado, at 
the eastern base of the "snowy range." 
The city contains eight stamp mills, 
one sampling and reduction works, 
many stores, churches, schools, hotels, 
and two weekly newspapers, the 
Miner and Courier. 

Middle Park — Is reached by four- 
horse coaches from Georgetown, 
which leave three times a week, for 
as follows : North hve miles to 
Empire City; thence northwest, via 
Eerthoud pass, 21 miles to Eraser, 
and 12 miles to Coulter; thence 
North eight mUes to Selak, and 
northeast 13 miles to Grand Lake; 
total 56 miles. From Coulter west, 
ten miles to Hot Sulphur Springs; 
total, 47 miles. Fare, roimd trip, $ 11. 

GRAYMONT, Col. 
58 miles from Denver. At Gray- 
mont take saddle animals and com- 
mence to climb the mountains, follow- 
ing up Grizzly gulch six miles to 
Kelso's cabin, from which it is about 
one mile to the summit of the "peak,.. 
A wagon road extends from Gray- 
mont to Kelso's cabin and carriages 
can be procured for that distance, 
if desired. In the tourist season the 
railroad company sell "round trip" 
tickets from Denver to the very top 
of the peak. Their i-ate is $9, in- 
cluding horse and guide from Gray- 
mont. The horses are safe and the 
guides experienced. Ladies may 
make the trip assured of care and 
attention. 

TOUR No: 2. 

From Denver to Platte Canon, 
Kenosha, South Park, Fair Play, 
Buena Vista, St. Elmo, Alpine Tun^ 
nel to Gunnison City. 



Taking Ihe (narrow gfauge) cars 
on the South Park branch of the 
Union Pacific, at 8 o'clock, a. m., we 
arrive at Si. Elmo, 153 tniles from 
Denver, at 5:30 p. m. Here we 
remain over night, have an opport- 
unity to look around, and leave at 
10:30 vn the morning, passing through 
the great Alpine tunnel, and reach- 
ing Gunnison City at 5:30 p. m., 
affording a daylight view of the 
entire route. 

On this line there is only one pas- 
senger train a day. 

From the Union depot our route 
is south, crossing Cherry creek, and 
through the low lands of West 
Denver, then across the Platte river 
to its west bank, reaching Bear 
Creek Junction (in six miles), now 
caUed Mocrville. 

The Morrison branch turns west 
from this point, up Bear creek, nine 
miles to 

MORRISON, Col. 
Pop., 400; from Denver, 17 miles. 
At the entrance of Bear Canon. 
The principal occupation of the Mor- 
risonians is connected with the stone 
quarries near the town. All the best 
red stone used for building purposes 
in Denver comes from this place. 
The principal objects of interest to 
the tourist in this vicinity are the 
soda lake, the springs of soda, 
sulphur and iron. Bear canon , 
Tiu-key creek canon, the "Garden 
of the Angels", the game in the near 
mountains, and the trout in the 
streams. 

FORT LOGAN, Col. 

Occupies a commanding position 
on a high plateau near the station, 
selected by "Little Phil" himself, and 
established in 1887. 

Eight miles more, through some 
fine truck fields, we enter the mouth of 

PLATTE CANON, Col. 
Enterprise P, O., 20 miles from 
Denver. One mile above the station, 
neaiiy ten years ago, a company of 
English capitalists commenced the 
construction of a canal — usually 
called the "high line canal", to take 
the water from the Platte river and 
conduct it eastward over the prairies 



back of Denver for irrigating, thaliti- 
facturing and domestic purposes. 

ESTABROOK PARK, Col. 
Four miles from Crosson's. This 
place presents some attractions as a 
summer resort, particularly to those 
fond of hunting and fishing. In the 
adjacent country, deer, bear, and 
other game are quite plentiful, and 
in Deer creek and other small creeks 
that reach the Platte river near here, 
trout of the finest. 

KENOSHA, Col. 

Elevation, 9,972 feet; 76 miles 
from Denver. The air at this point 
is rather thin, but then it may be 
well to try and get accustomed to 
it, as we shall stand 1,624 feet higher 
before the tour is ended. 

Two miles and we cross Tarryall 
Creek. 

COMO, Col. 

Pop., 800; from Denver, 88 miles; 
elevatign, 9,775 feet. Is a "regular 
meal" station and the junction of the 
Leadville branch, which turns to the 
northwest from here, over the 
mountains. 

GAROS, Col. 

Pop., 50; from Denver, 104 miles; 
elevation, 9,172 feet. Situated on a 
branch of the South Platte river, at 
the junction of the 

London Branch of the Union 
Pacific stystem. This line follows 
up the valley of the Platte, to the 
northwest, directly for the mountains. 

FAIRPLAY, Col. 

Pop., 300; from Garos, 10 miles; 
Denver, 114 miles; elevation, 9,886 
feet. It is the seat of Park county, 
one of the oldest mining towns m 
Colorado. It is situated on the 
middle fork of the South Platte river. 

From Garos south: 

Passing on, our train soon begins 
to climb the southern rim of the park. 

HILL TOP, Col. 
Is on the top or summit of Trout 
creek pass; altitude, 9,460 feet. Here 
the waters divide, on the east side 
finding their way into the Platte, 
and on the west side into the Ark- 
ansas river. From this little station 



71 



^'e fairly fall away to the valley of 
ilic Aikansas, nearly 2,000 feet, in 
the next '2G miles. Near this station, 
comes in the Midland railroad from 
Colorado Springs. 

Mc GEES, Col. 
From Hill Top, seven miles; elev- 
ation, 8,648 feet. Sometimes called 
■'Trout City", situated in a ro- 
mantic little park of fine scenery. 

BUENA VISTA, Col. 

Pop., 2,000; from Denver, 136 
miles ; Leadville, 36 miles ; elevation, 
7,943 feet. Is the seat of Chaffee 
county, situated at the junction of 
Cottonwood creek with the Arkansas 
river; the county buildings, churches 
and schools, as well as some business 
blocks and hotels, are creditable 
structures. 

TWIN LAKES, Col. 

The most charming, quiet summer 
resort in the mountains is situated 
at the eastern base of the Sawache 
range of mountains at an altitude of 
!),33B feet on Twin Lake creek, an 
important tributary of [the Arkansas 
river. Hunter's pass is directly west, 
and Lake Creek pass to the south- 
west. The lower lake covers, 1,525 
and the upper 475 acres, the length 
being about double the width. The 
upper lake is about five feet the 
higher, connected by a small stream, 
which ripples over a pebbly bottom 
clear, pure and cold, half a mile in 
length through grassj meadow lands 
studded with scattermg shade trees, 
affording delightful grounds for camp- 
ers or picnic parties. The surround- 
ings are most grand and beautiful. 
Just of the head of the lakes, on the 
north, stands Mt. Elbert, uncovered 
except by a mantle of snow, in 
respect for the beauties on every 
side, at an altitude of 14,360 feet, or 
5,027 feet above the level of the 
lakes. To the south, opposite, are 
the Twin peaks and Grizzly, some 
less in altitude, but none the less 
beautiful in their varied coloring of 
green, gray and gold. The lakes lie 
m a general direction from east to 
west; on the south side, the moim- 
taius rise from the water's edge, 
covered with pine, spruce, aspen 
trees and shrubs, extending to the 



timber-line, where game of all kinds 
is abimdant, including the ^ri^zly 
bear, moutain grouse and quail. On 
the north side, along the shore, is a 
good carriage road, and a grassy 
bottom, back of which the country 
is a rolling prairie, with bluffs near 
the base of the mountains covered 
with a scrubby OTOwth of pine and 
cedar trees. The accommodations 
for toui-ists consist of five hotels and 
a number of small cottages. 

HORTENSE, Col. 
Pop., 200; from Denver, 142 miles; 
elevation, 8,169 feet. Is noted for 
Hortenses. Here are the famous 
Hortense hot springs, and the Hor- 
tense group of mines, the Hortense 
post office, and the Hortense hotel, 
kept hy Hortense. The Hortense 
mine is said to be a Hortense 
"bonanza", while the Hortense springs 
are recommended for their cm-alive 
properties in cases of rheumatism, etc. 

HANCOCK, Col. 

Pop., 250; elevation, 11,005 feet. 
Is situated at the head of Chalk creek 
away up upon the eastern slope of 
the Sawache or the main chain of 
the Rocky mountains, in a little 
valley smrovinded by towering snow- 
clad peaks on all sides, affording 
scenic views of great magnificence. 

Continuing to climb three miles 
more and we are completely hemmed 
in by the lofty mountains with no 
possible way to get out; just here is 
the entrance to the world-renowned, 

ALPINE TUNNEL, Col. 
This remarkable piece of work, the 
result of fine engineering skill and 
"Paddy's brawny arms," is 11,596 
feet above the level of the sea — 
above "timber-line" — above where 
trees and vegetation grow, or animal 
life is found; all is rock; little rocks, 
big rocks and the "rock of ages." 

PITKIN, Col. 
Pop., 1,500; from St. Elmo, 21 
m'les; Denver,- 174 miles: Gunnison 
City, 27 miles; elevation, 9,180 feet. 
Named for Ex-Govemor Pitkin; 
situated on Quartz creek, in a little 
park gradually sloping to the south- 
ward, between two high timbcr- 



72 



covered mountain ranges, which 
contam many rich and productive 
mines. The principal occupation of 
the citizens are mining, lumbering 
and merchandising. The ores carry- 
both gold and silver. 

GUNNISON, Col. 

Pop., 2,000; elevation, 7,649 feet; 
from Denver, 201 miles; Salt Lake 
City, 445 miles. Is the seat of 
Gunnison county, and has becon^e 
famous the world over as the com- 
mercial center of an immense mining 
region. 

The South Park branch of the 
Union Pacific runs north from 
Gunnison City up Ohio creek through 
a settled country where wheat, oats, 
hay and potatoes are the principal 
crops raised, seven miles to Teach- 
out, three miles to Hinkles, three 
miles to Castleton, and three miles 
more to 

BALDWIN, Col. 

18 miles from Gunnison City. — 
Here are extensive deposits of coal, 
owned by the railroad company, who 
use large quantities and ship more. 

Having concluded the Gunnison 
tour we retuin to Denver. 

TOUR No. 3. 

From Denver to Breckenridge, 
Leadville , Red Cliff, Glenwood 
Springs to Aspen. 

Leaving Denver, as in tour No. 2, 
we follow the same route to Como, 
88 mUes from Denver. 

From Como our route is to the 
northwest up Tairyall creek, through 
the old placers so famous in 1860, 
and curving around on a spur of 
the moimtams, climbing rapidly, we 
reach a point where the view of 
the South Park, Como, Jefferson, 
Kenosha, Pike's peak and the front 
range of mountams is most grand, 
covering a great extent of country, 
plains, valleys and a bewdlderiug 
MTeck of mountains. 

BOREAS, Col. 
Elevation, 11,470 feet. Is situated 
on the summit of Breekenridge pass, 
ten miles from Como, on the "snowy 
range," the "backbone" of the 
continent. 



The route down the mountain Is 
most tortuous; surprises come thick 
and fast. Our train whuis into deep 
and dismal gorges surrounded by 
firs and pines, ten-score feet height, 
another whirl, and we are on the 
point of a rocky promontory which 
rises sheer 500 feet above a parallel 
tiack below; another whirl, a giand / 
detour, and we are running back 
upon that parallel track; again we 
round a headland, the track is not 
there, it has dodged away up a long 
ravine only to double back upon 
itself, and so it goes. Four parallel 
tracks are to be seen at different 
times and places, risLag one above 
the other on the face of pine -clad 
mountains, rugged in the extreme. 

BRECI-CENRIDGE, Col. 
Pop., 2,000; from Como, 22 miles; 
Denver, 110 mUes ; elevation, 9,524 
feet. The seat of Summit coimty, 
situated on the Blue river, on the 
western slope of the Rocky moun- 
tains, and is strictly a mining town. 

ROBINSON, Col. 
Pop. 500. Is one mile beyond 
Kokomo, both of which Eire strictly 
mining towns. They are situated 
on the eastern slope of Sheep moun- 
tain, with the Valley of Ten Mile 
creek to the eastward, which is a 
half to a mile wide, and covered 
with a heavy growth of wild grasses. 
The scenery is grand. To tne east 
and south rise mountains to great 
heights; the most prominent peak is 
Mt. Fletcher, 14,265 feet above sea 
level. In the background Sheep 
mountain rises 12,648 feet; to the 
north, Gray's peak. Game of many 
kinds can be found in easy distance, 
such as deer, elk, bear, grouse, quail, 
hare, rabbits, etc. 

MOUNT OF HOLY CROSS, Col. 

Its summit is 14,176 feet above 
the level of the sea, and presents 
the appearance of a beautiful cross. 

LEADVILLE, Col. 
Pop. 11,500; from Denver, 151 
miles; elevation, 10,185 feet. Is the 
seat of Lake coimty, and is one of 
those extraordinary productions of 
a raining country one of those places 



74 



s^i^mv\tev>Jitttiuiik\uuu 




I'i " 'iiiiiiiiMm I 



that from a lone cabin becomes "a 
village in a night, a town in a week, 
a city in a month. 

Leaving Leadville we start directly 
for the western mountains, climbing 
up around "Mt. Massive" amid fine 
Alpine scenery. , 

Descending the' western slope, 
passing a number of small mining 
camps, our train stops for a moment 
at Aspen Jimction. 63 miles from 
Leadville, on Roaring Fork River, up 
which it tmms, reaching, in 19 miles, 
the famous mining town of 

ASPEN, Col. 
Pop., 5,500; from Leadville, 110 
miles; elevation 7,775 feet. Is the 
seat of Pitkin county, situated on 
the northern slope of Aspen moun- 
tain, on the side of Roaring Fork 
River near the junction of Hunter, 
Castle and Mamon creeks. The old 
town of Roaring Fork is one mile 
distant on the opposite side of the 
river. 

GLENWOOD SPRINGS, Col. 

Pop., 1,500; from Leadville, 142 
miles; elevation, 5,200 feet. Is the 
seat of Garfield county, just below 
the canon of the Grand, situated in 
a little park at the junction of the 
Roaring Fork and the Grand rivers. 

It is a place of great promise, princ- 
ipally on account of the springs for 
which it has become noted. 

TOUR No. 4. 

From Denver to Boulder, Boulder 
Canon, Longmont, Estes Park and 
Fort Collins to Greeley. 

Each of the four cities above, 
named are reached by two separate 
branches of the Union Pacific rail- 
way. Leaving Denver at 7,55 a. m., 
via the Marshall & Boulder (narrow 
gauge). We take the route described 
m Side Tom- No. 1 to Argo Jnnction, 
three miles from Denver, thence 
running north, crossing Clear creek 
and a broad expanse of rolling prairie 
land well settled and cultivated, reach 
Boulder at 9 : 22 a. m. , 

BOULDER, Col. 
Pop., 4,500, from Denver, 30 miles, 
via Argo Junction, and 47 miles, via 
Brighton; elevation, 5,335 feet. The 



seat of Boulder County, situated at 
the entrance to the mountains, via 
Boulder canon, on Boulder River. 

Gold and silver mines in the 
mountains, gxeat coal mines just 
south of the city, iron deposits, 
stone and lime quarries, agriculture, 
horticulture and stock - raising are 
the chief occupations of the citizens. 

The University of Colorado a 
noble institution, has a beautiful site 
upon the high grounds on the south 
side of Boulder River overlooking 
the city. The design of this school 
is to prepare teachers for the work 
of conducting the schools of the 
state, especially in the branches 
taught in the common schools. It is 
claimed that the climate at Boulder 
is all that could be desu-ed — neither 
excessively warm in summer nor 
too cold in winter, and seems partic- 
ularly favorable to the rapid devel- 
opment of the intellectual faculties. 

Leaving Boulder our route turns 
to the northeast over the broad 
prairies. 

LONGMONT, Col. 
■ Populat. 3,000; from Boulder, 
ten miles; Denver, 57 miles; eleva- 
tion, 4,935 feet. — One of the most 
important towns in Boulder County, 
is situated on the high prairie, 
sloping to the southward, about half 
a mile north of the St. Vrain River, 
the waters of which are taken out 
seven miles west of the tovni and 
conducted in ditches over the high 
lands on each side of the River, 
producing large crops of wheat, 
barley, oats, com and other, cereals. 

ESTES PARIC, Col. 
Elevation, 6,810 feet. One of 
the most delightful summer resorts 
in Colorado, but the stage ride from 
Loveland, 32 miles, deters many 
from visiting it. The park or valley 
is ten miles north of Long's peak, 
about six miles long by four and a 
half miles vdde, hemmed in on all 
sides by towering mountains. 

FORT COLLINS. 
Pop. 2,500; from Denver, 88 miles; 
elevation, 4.972 feet. Is the seat of 
Larimer county, situated in the 



7fi 



valley of the Cache-a-la Poudre, in 
the midst of great wealth in ag- 
riculture, horticulture, stock-raising, 
flagging stone, water power, mills 
and manufactories. 

COLORADO SPRINGS, Col. 

Pop. 12,000; elevation 5,990 feet; 
from Denver 91 miles. 

Railroads: Missouri Pacific, Mid- 
land, Topeka & Santa Fe, D. & R. G. 
and Denver Texas & Ft. Worth. 
Seat of El Paso Cozmty. This city 
was laid out in 1871, and settled by 
the Fountain colony. It is situated 
on a high broad plateau to the east 
of and about one-half a mile above 
the junction of Monument creek 
from the north, with the Fountain 
Qui Bouille, from the west. 

The citizens have erected some 
fine buildings, which include a college, 
churches, banks, schools, hotels, 
opera house and many private res- 
idences. The streets are 100 feet 
broad and the avenues 150 feet, 
with sidewalks 12 feet wide.. The 
scenery viewed from Coiorado 
Springs is exceedaigly grand. To 
the west "Pike's peak" rises in full 
view, from base to simunit; altitude, 
14,336 feet or 6,308 feet higher than 
the city. In the vicinity are same 
of the most delightful drives and 
rambles; Manitou, five miles; Garden 
of the Gods, three and one-half 
miles; Cheyenne cason, five inilesf 
summit of "Pike's peak", 15 
miles, etc. 

COLORADO CITY, Col. 

Pop. 3,000. Is two miles west of 
Colorado Springs, and can be reached 
by either the cars of the Midland 
railroad or street cars. 

Here was the first settlement in 
the "Pike's peak country" in 1858, 
and_ here the first capital of the 
territory was located. The town is 
situated on a high plateau, directly 
lacing Pike's peak, on the north 
baixk of Fountain Qui BouiUe creek. 

MANITOU, Col. 

Manitou where £ire located the 

celebrated springs of that name, is 

in El Paso coimty, five miles due 

west of Colorado Springs. It is 



situated on Fountain Qui Bouille 
creek, at the very foot of Pike's peak, 
in as romantic a little nook of the 
mountains as one could imagine. 

The scenery surrounding Manitou 
is immense and very beautiful. 

Manitou has a population varying 
between winter and summer from 
500 to 2,000. 

Pike's Peak. Until recently has 
been reached only by pack animals 
over a tortuous trail, but during 
1888 a wagon road was constructed 
which winds around the mountain 
on a zigzag but uniform grade. The 
company constructing the road run 
carnages over it — when ordered by 
visitors desiring to make the ascent- 
charges. $5 for round trip. Parties 
desirmg, can hire saddle animals or 
carriages and drive themselves to 
make the ascent, for which a moderate 
toll is charged. 

The Manitou & Pike's Peak Rail- 
way, a recent organization, com- 
mences at a point just above the 
Iron Springs and runs to the summit 
of Pike's Peak. The road is about 
83/i miles in length. 

Garden of the Gods. Situated 
midway between Manitou and 
Colorado Springs. It is a singularly 
wild and beautiful place to which 
some poetic individual has given the 
title which heads this paragraph. 
Two high ridges of rock rise per- 
pendicularly from the valley to a 
height of 330 feet, but a few yards 
apart, forming a lofty enclosure, 
which embraces a beautiful miniature 
valley which seems to nestle here 
away from the gaze of the passers- 
by in a quiet, romantic grandeur. 

PUEBLO, Col. 

Population 25,000; elevation, 4650 
feet; 125 miles from Denver. 

It is the seat of Pueblo county, 
situated on both sides of the Arkansas 
River, just above the mouth ofFount- 
ain Qui Bouille creek. 

Of late years Pueblo has become 
a prosperous and enterprising city; 
it IS provided with aU the modern 
improvements and ample railroad 
facilities. 



77 



TRINTOAD, Col. 
Pop. 6,000; from Pueblo, 96 miles; 
Ft. Worth, 588 miles; elevation, 
6,005 feet. Is situated on Las 
Animas river, and is the seat of 
Las Animas county. The original 
settlers were of ' Spanish-Mexican 
descent, and now comprise about 
one-fourth of the population. Trin- 
idad is the center of the largest coal, 
coke bmning and iron producing 
region west of the Missom-i river, 
and is already shipping more of the 
first named commodities than all 
other places in the state of Co- 
lorado. 

Agents of the North German Lloyd : 

/ Milner, C/o. Burl Tkt. Office, 
Denver, Col. 

The Schirmer Ins. & Inv. Co., 
1428-1432 SixteenthSt.,Denver, Col. 



GREELY, Col. 
(Pop., 2,500; fromDenver, 52miles; 
elevation, 4,637 feet). Seat of Weld 
county. Was laid out in May, 1870, 
by the Greeley colony, under the 
fostering care of the late Hon. Horace 
Greeley of the New York Tribune. 
The colony controls about 100,000 
acres of as fine land as can be found 
in the state. Extensive canals and 
irrigating ditches have been built, 
and water from the Cache-a-la-Poudre 
furnishes an ample supply for all 
purposes. The town is situated on 
the Cache-a-la-Poudre river, four 
miles above its junction with the 
Platte. When the colonists first set- 
tled at this place it was treeless, 
except on the river bottoms. The 
colonists laid out the town Math broad 
streets, planted young cottonwood 
trees on each side and led the water 
along near their roots. The cotton- 
wood is a thrifty tree and the result 
has been Greeley is embowered in 
a forest of shade trees — in summer 

giving a cool and beautiful appearance, 
ine noted feature of the town is 
the absence of all intoxicating drinks 
— none are allowed to be sold. The 
chief penalty for selling is a forfeit- 
ure to the city of the lot upon which 
it is sold. The public buildings at 
Greeley and the churches and edu- 
cational advantages of the tovra are 
of the best. 



78 



CONNECTICUT. 



The first settlements were made 
in Connecticut in 1632 and 1636. 
In 1698 it became a state, being the 
fifth of the thirteen original states. 
During the Civil War, Connecticut 
furnished 55,900 men to the army. 
The area of the state it 4,900 sq. 
miles, with 746,258 inhabitants. The 
principal agricultural products are: 
fruit, hay, potatoes, tobacco and dairy 
products. The State ranks foiu'th 
among granite producing states, its 
brown sandstone being noted for its 
beauty and excellence. Iron, copper, 
lead, nickel and cobalt are found. 
Connecticut is a great manufacturing 
state, leading in the manufactm-e of 
fireEirms and ammunition; it has also 
extensive silk, cotton and woolen 
manufactm-e s. 

BRIDGEPORT. 

At the entrance of the Pequonnock 
river on Long Island Sound, on 
the New York Central Railroad; it 
has 50,000 inhabitants and possesses 
important manufacturing establish- 
ments. Near the town is Golden 
Hill with a fine view. Steamers daily 
to New York 50 cents. Hotels are 
Wilson House, Atlantic House. 

Agents of the North German Lloyd : 



5. Loewith & Co., 100 Bank St., 
Bridgeport, Conn. 



DANBURY, Conn. 
Reached by the New York & North- 
ern R. R. (from 155 th) Street 
Sixth Avenue Elevated R. R. N. Y.) A 
great manufacturing town important 
for hats; population 18,000. Turner 
Hotel, $ 3. 

GREENWICH, Conn. 
On the New York Central, well 
located on the Long Island Sound, 
is a to-wTi of 11,000 inhabitants, and 
a summer residence for many New 
York peoble. Hotels are Belle 
Haven, Lenox House. 

HARTFORD, Conn. 

The capital of the State of 
Connecticut, 110 miles from New 
York City on the New York Central 
Railroad, fare $2,25. Electric cars 
5 cents and cabs 50 cents. 

Hotels: United States Hotel $2,50 
to $3,00; Allyn House near Station 
$3,00; Heublein from $1 upwards; 
City Hotel $2,00 — $3,00. 

Hartford is located on the Con- 
necticut River, which jpins here the 
Park River. It is a city of abotit 
60,000 inhabitants ; has great impor- 
tance in regard to its industries. It 
is here that the principal factories 
of the Pope Manufacturing Company, 
the largest manufactm^ers of bicycles 
etc., are located. There are other 
important factories and the seat of 
immense Insurance companies. 

Poinis of interest iii Hartford: 
Bushneli Park: South-west from 
the Union Depot, which is about in 



79 




Columbia 
Cbainless Bicycles 

PorMeoaad Price. ^17^ 
Women. — ^ILO. 

Beautiful and graceful in outline, 
clean cut and neat in appearance, 
strong and rigid in construction, 
swift and easy running on the level, 
lightning on the down grade, a mar- 
velous hill-climber, the motive parts 
throughout totally unaffected by 
mud, dust rain or sleet, and a v(^heel 
that can be appropriately used all 
the year round, regardless of weath - 
er— that's the Columbia Chnialess. 

Standard of the Vofld» 

POPE MFG. CO., Hartford, Conn. 

IlColumbias are not properly represent- 
ed in your vicinity, let us know. Chain- 
less Bicycle Catalogue by mail for one 
2 -cent stamp, or free by calling on any 
Columbia dealer. 



80 



the center of the city, on the other 
side of Park River. 

The State Capitol: In Bushnell 
Park, open from 7 A. M. to 6 P. M. 
Dome open 10,00. A.M. to 11,30 
A. M., and 2,00 to 3,30 P. M. The 
view from this dome on a clear day- 
extends nearly fifty miles in alt 
directions, embracmg the rivers, 
cities and numerous villages. The 
dome is reached by 212 steps from 
the elevator landing. 

In the west vestibule of the 
capitol axe the remnants of battle 
flags of the Connecticut Regiments 
during the War of the Rebellion, all 
in handsome and substantial glass 
cases. The old tombstone of Gen. 
Putnam is also in tliis vestibule. 

In the Senate Chamber is the 
celebrated original full length por- 
trait of Washington, taken from life 
by Stuart, for which this state in 
1800 paid about $ 800. It is now of 
priceless value as a relic. 

The Capitol contains innumerable 
pictures, statues and other historical 
relics, and the visitor will be well 
repaid for his trouble. 

Connecticut State Prison : Situated 
in the town of Wetherfteld. The 
prison is open to visitors on Wed- 
nesday of each week; but they must 
have a permit from the Warden or 
one of the Directors. No charge for 
admission. Prisoners are allowed 
one visitor each month on Friday. 
Cars leave City HaU, Hartford, every 
fifteen minutes; fare 5 cents Take 
cars marked Wetherfields. 

Retreat for the Insane, No. 30 
Washington Street. The grounds 
are open to visitors every afternoon 
(Sunday excepted); and visitors may 
be admitted by card from either of 
the managers, Rodney Dennis, Jona- 
than B. Bunce, or William B. Clarke. 
The grounds are kept in elegant 
shape, and axe weU worth visiting. 
Take Cedar Hill or Vernon Street 
electric Unes south from City Hall. 

The Memorial Arch, which is at 
the Ford street entrance tiD Bushnell 
Park, is a magnificent piece of 
architecture. 

The City Hatl, was erected and 
used as a State House from May 
1796 tDl it was transferred by the 
State to the City of Hartford, March 



13, 1879, and formally dedicated as 
the City HaU, October 22nd, 1879. 

The Wadsworth Atheneum, 106 
Main Street which is occupied by 
the Hartford Library Association, 
Watkinson Library, Connecticut His- 
torical Society, Public Reading Room, 
Art Gallery, and Art School. 

Trinity College, Summit street. 
Take Zion Street Electric cars from 
City Hall going west. 

St. Josephs Cathedral, 150 Far- 
mington Avenue cars from City Hall. 

1. M. C. A. Building, junction 
Pearl and Jewel Streets. All stran- 
gers are cordially welcomed and it 
IS well worth one's time to visit this 
institution with its gyrmiasium, 
reading rooms, workingmen's Ex- 
change and the Educational Depart- 
ment known as the Hillyer Institute. 

The residences of Mrs. Harriet 
Beecher Stowe and Charles Dudley 
Warner on Forest street, near Fai'- 
mington Avenue, and of "Mark 
Twam" (Samuel L. Clemens) on 
Farmington Avenue. 

The American School for the 
Deaf: on Asylum Avenue, dedicated 
1821 the first institution of its kind 
in the country. 

Hartford Public High School, Hop- 
kins Street. 

Hartford Theological Seminary, 
Broad street 

Most of the Hartford Insurance 
Companies own magnificent office 
buildings. 

Agents of the North German Lloyd: 

E. Gundlach & Co., 20 State St, 
Hartford, Conn. 

W. W. Jacobs & Co., Mechanics 
Sav B'k., Hartford, Conn. 



MERIDEN, Conn. 
A thriving manufacturing town of 
21,652 inhabitants, near a picturesque 
range of hills. The great Brittania 
Works are here. Reached by the 
New York, New Haven and Hartford 
Railroad. 



81 



MIDDLETOWN, Conn. 

On the New York & New England 
Railway; 97 miles from New York. 
A manufacturing town of 10,000 
population, on the Connecticut River. 
Here is the seat of the Wesleyan 
University, which has a good library 
and important collections of natural 
history. The Berkley Divinity School 
and a state insane asylum are fcimous 
institutions located in this town. 
McDonough Hotel $ 2^/2. 

NEW BRITAIN, Conn. 
Reached by the New York & North- 
em R. R. (from 155 th Street Six 
Avenue Elevated R. R. New York) 
manufacturing town of 20,000 inh. 
Elihu Burritt, the apostle of peace, 
was bom here. 

NEW HAVEN. 
The Union Depot is the railroad 
station of New Haven. It has a 
restaurant. Electric cars (5 c.) and 
cabs (50 c. for 2 persons) are at the 
station. Steamboats leave daily 75 
cents, stateroom $ 1,00. 

Hotels : New Haven House, $ 4—5 ; 
Tremont S 2,50 to $ 3,00. 

New Haven is the largest city in 
Connecticut; it has about 90,000 
inhabitants, is well situated on 
Long Island Soimd. Its commerce 
and industry are of importance. 
One-half mile north from the Union 
Depot is the Public Green with the 
City Hall, churches and the State 
House. West of the Public Green 
is College Street. Here are the 
different buildings of Yale Univer- 
sity, founded in 1700 it came in 
1717 to New Haven, where it receiv- 
ed its name from a New Haven 
man, Elihu Yale, who made a 
donation of Lstl. 400,— to the 
college. Many famous men were 
students of Yale University, which 
to-day has a world-wide renowm. 
There are schools of the practical 
sciences, theology, medicine, law, 
aits and philosophy. The Art School 
contains a valuable collection of 
American and Italian paintings and 
statues. 

The Peabody Museum 0/ Natural 
History has important mineral col- 
lections. A visit to the She/field 



Sctentijic School, the Osborn Hall, 
the Battell Chapel, the Gymnasium, 
the Ahim.ni, Dwight Hall and the 
Library etc., is worth making. 

At the end of High Street, on 
Grove Street, is the Old Cemetery. 
Here are the resting places of 
Timothy Dwight, Noah Webster, 
Eli Whitney, Samuel Morse and 
Thodore Wmthrop. 

Two miles from Public Green is 
the East Rock, a public garden. 
Car through State Street, ft con- 
tains a memorial to the war and 
there is a fine view. The West 
Rock is 2^4 miles from Public Green, 
car through Chapel Street. Excur- 
sion to Savin Rock where the 
visitor finds a good hotel and has 
a fine view over the Sound. Car 
from Public Green. 

Agents of The North German Lloyd: 

Kimberly, Root & Day, 13b Orange 
St., New Haven, Conn. 

M. Ztmder & Sons, 253-257 
State St., New Haven, Conn. 



NEW LONDON, Conn. 

A town of 13,757 inhabitants, on 
the River Thames, 124 miles from 
New York via the N. Y. & Hartford 
R. R. New London has a splendid 
harbor, protected by forts Trumbull 
and Griswold. Near the city, is a 
United States Navy Yard. The in- 
habitants are chiefly engaged in the 
fisheries. The intercollegiate Boat 
Races are held here during the sum- 
mer. Handsome Public Library. 

Upon Groton Heights, on the 
right of the Thames, is an Obelisk, 



82 



120 feet high, erected in commemc- 
ration of the destruction of the city 
by Benedict Arnold and the mas- 
sacre at Fort Griswold, September 
.1781. Fine view from the top. The 
well known Pequot House, is at the 
mouth of the Thames, three miles 
from the city. 

NEW ROCHELLE, Conn. 
On New York Central R. R., 17 
miles from New York founded in 
1671 by Huguenots. 

NORWALK, Conn. 
An important manufacturing center, 
with 17,747 inhabitants, 41 miles 
from New York, reached by the 
New York, New Haven & Hartford 
R. R. It is also becoming a favorite 
summer resort. The harbor forms a 
picturesque bay, affording oysters of 
excellent quality. About l-'la miles 
south of Norwalk, on Gregoiy's 
Point, is the Dorlon House, a de- 
lightful summer hotel, situated on 
the Sound. 

NORWICH, Conn. 
A thriving manufacturing town of 
16,156 inhabitants, well situated be- 
tween the Yantic and Shen tucket 
Rivers, forming together the Thames. 
The principal buildings are: the 
Court House, the Free Academy 
and St. Patrick's Cathedral. In 
Sachem St. is an old INDIAN 
CEMETERY, used in old times by 
the Mohucans; the Obelisk was 
erected in memoiy of their famous 
chief Uncas (1663). Two miles from 



Norwich is Sachem's Plain, near 

Greenville; here another monument 
marks the spot, where Uncas. in 
1643, killed Miantonomoh, Sachem 
of the Narragansetts. 

Norwich is only thirteen miles by 
rail from New London. 

PORT CHESTER, Conn. 
On the New York Central Railroad 
on the Byrum River frontier of New 
England. 

RYE, Conn. 
On New York Central Railroad, 
24 miles from New York, the 
station for Rye Beach, a summer 
resort on Long Island Sound. 

STAMFORD, Conn. 
On the New York Central Rail- 
road 33^2 miles from New York, 
17,000 inhabitants, nicely situated on 
Shippon Point. A favorite summer 
residence for many New York merch- 
ants. By Steamer 35 cents. Hotels 
are the Stamford House, Union, 
Ocean House. 

WATERBURY, Conn. 
Reached by the New York & 
Northern R. R. (from 155 th Street 
Six Avenue Elevated R. R. N. Y.) 
is an important manufacturing town 
of 30,000 inh. Famous for the 
Waterbury watches. 

WILLIMANTIC, Conn. 
A manufacturing town of 9000 
inhabitants, on the Willimantic River, 
reached by the New York, New 
Haven & Hartford R. R. 



83 



DELAWARE. 



Hendrick Hudson discovered Dela- 
ware Bay in 1609, while hunting for 
the short cut to China, but put to 
sea on reaching shoal water. A year 
later, Capt. Axgall sailed up the lonely 
expanse. The first white settlers 
were De Vries and thirty - two 
Hollanders, who founded a colony 
near the site of Lewes in 1631. 
These pioneers were all massacred 
by the Indians. In 1638 Peter Minuit 
was sent out hj Queen Christina to 
found a colony, in which every man 
should be "free to worship God as he 
chose." He built Port Christina, on 
the present site of Wilmington, garri- 
soning it with sturdy Swedes and 
Finns. The country received the 
name of Nya Sveriga (New Sweden), 
the p eninsula remaining unter Swedish 
rule for many years. In 1671 Gov- 
ernor Stuyvesant came around from 
New Amsterdam and erected Fort 
Casimir, on the site of New Castle, 
in order to hold these Baltic men 
in check, but on Trinity Sxmday 1654, 
they swarmed into the new fortress, 
raising over it the Banner of Sweden. 
Finally, however, the Dutchmen con- 
quered and amiexed the province, 
all Swedes, who refused to accept 
their rule, being shipped back to 
Sweden. Together with New Amster- 
dam, Delaware passed in 1664, from 
Dutch rule, to that of the Duke of 
York, by whom, in 1682, it was 
granted to William Perm. The three 
counties of Delaware remained under 
the Penn proprietary government 
imtil 1775, although after 1702, they 
had a distinct Assembly. Delaware 
entered earnestly into the Revolution, 



sending into the field a splendid 
Continental regiment, besides many 
militiamen. 

Delaware was one of ihe thirteen 
original States and the first to ratify 
the Constitution, which formed the 
American Union. At the outbreak 
of the Civil War, Delaware refused 
the invitation to join the Confederate 
States, on the contrary furnishing a 
quota of nine regiments of infantry 
to the Federal Army, a battalion 
of cavalry and a light battery of 
artillery whose services were signali- 
sed by great valor. 

The State takes its name from 
Lord De la Warr, the first governor 
of Virginia. Capt. Argall, a Virginian 
navigator, named Delaware Bay in 
honor of his chief, this title gradually 
being applied to the peninsula. It 
is sometimes termed the "Diamond 
State", owing to its small size and 
great valor. 

Delaware is the smallest state in 
the Union, except Rhode Island, 
being but 93 miles in length, varying 
from 9 to 38 miles in width. Dalawaxe 
Bay is 13 miles wide, between Cape 
Henlopen and Cape May; 25 miles 
in the middle and three miles wide 
at Delaware City. 

The latitude of Delaware is 38", 28', 
to 39", 50', its Longitude, 75» to 
75^ 46'. 

The population in 1860: 112, 216, 
1890: 168, 498. 

About a fifth part of the population 
is colored. 

DELAWARE CITY, Del. 
A village of some importance, 



84 



owing to its canned fruit industry 
and as a shipping point for the 
famous Delaware peaches, situated 
on the Delaware River. The fruit 
is of Persian origin, attaining its 
highest perfection on the Chesapeake 
peninsula. Major Reynolds founded 
the peach growing industry, for 
arising peaches for the market, about 
1860. In a single year, the railway 
has forwarded 10,000 car loads of 
peaches. In twenty years, 55,000,000 
baskets were produced here. 

Fort Delaware is situated near 
Delaware City, mounting 155 guns, 
although not at present garrisoned. 

DOVER, Del. 

The Capital of Delaware, an 
ancient and pleasant town, with some 
3000 inhabitants, six miles from 
Delaware Bay. It has broad and 
shady streets, a very mild climate. 
The Wilmington Conference Acad- 
emy, a prosperous Methodist school, 
A tall granite monument was erec- 
ted in 1889, in the old Episcopal 
Churchyard, to the memory of Gen. 
Caesar Rodney, the Revolution- 
ary patriot. A great fruit-canning 
center. The delicious plum pudding 
of Dover is shipped to England and 
France. 

Railroads : Philadelphia, Wilming- 
ton & Ohio R. R. 

LEWES, Del. 
A quaint and old maritime hamlet, 
the headquarters of the Delaware 
Bay pilots. . There are eighteen 
lighthouses on the coast, with a 
supply depot at Edge Moor. There 
is a tradition that the Dutch Green- 
land Company planted the flag of 
Holland at Lewes in 1598, settling 
a colony here twenty-four years 
later. Lewes was bombarded by 
Lord Beresford during the Revolu- 
tionary War. 

NEWARK, Del. 
An academic town, four miles 
beyond the Maryland line, seat of 
several excellent educational iastitu- 
tions ; called the "Athens ofDelaware". 
Delaware College, founded in 1833, 
became a State Institution in 1870, 
having at present, seven professors 
and lOO students. It maintains 



military drill, under the directions 
of an army officer. An Agricultural 
Experiment Station is connected 
with the College. The Academy of 
Newark, opened in 1766, has 100 
pupils. Education has greatly im- 
proved in Delaware since the Act 
of 1875 and is paid for by local 
taxation and the revenue of a State 
Fund, established in 1796, from the 
j)roceeds of marriage and tavern 
licenses and augmented in 1836 by 
Delaware's share of the United States 
treasury surplus. 

NEW CASTLE, Del. 
The second largest town of 
Delaware, with some 4000 inhab- 
itants, named for and colonized by 
the City of Amsterdam, later on, 
captured by Sir Robert Carr, who 
sold its Dutch garrison as slaves in 
Virginia. The town is on the Bay, 
five miles below Wilmington. It is 
one of the quaintest of ancient 
boroughs in America, for which 
reason, very interesting to the 
visitor. 

REHOBOTH BEACH, Del. 
Rehoboth is the seaside capital of 
the Diamond State, facing the great 
water highway for north and south 
bound vessels that pass close before 
its door. It is here all good Dela- 
warians make at least one pilgrimage 
during the season for the purpose 
of enjoying the grand bathmg for 
which the place is famous. The 
beach is very fine while numerous 
fresh-water lakes in the vicinity 
aflord safe boating and good fishing. 
The popularity of Rehoboth, on 
account of the excellence of its rail- 
way facilities, is extending, and it is 
drawing many patrons from Wash- 
ington, Baltimore, and Philadelphia. 



SMYRNA, Del. 
A village of 2500 inhabitants, one 
of the shipping points for the peach 
trade of the State. 

WILMINGTON, Del. 
Formerly named WUlington, the 



85 



metropolis of Delawaie, with 61, 431 
inhabitants, on both banks of the 
Christiana River and the rapid Brand)'- 
wine; both being tide- water streams, 
the Christiana servinpf as an excellent 
harbor. The city lies on a gently 
rolling upland and. is steadily ex- 
tending over the dikes and drained 
meadows of the Delaware River, 
which flows three miles along its 
eastern boundary. At this point, 
65 miles from the Ocean and 28 miles 
from Philadelphia, the Delaware is 
three miles wide, with 30 ft. of water 
at mid-tide, in its shoalest parts. 
Wilmington was the first Em-opean 
settlement in the Valley of the 
Delaware. It has a High School, 
23 public schools and a beautiful 
natural Park along the Brandywine. 
The Old Swedes Church, is one of 
the most interesting of the ancient 
buildings, having been founded in 
1698 and the recipient of funds from 
William Penn, a Bible from Queen 
Anne and a Communion Sei-vice from 
the miners of Sweden. It belongs 



to fhe Fpiscopalians and its ivyclad 
brick walls, rise amidst an ancient 
grave -yard. The manufactures of 
Wilmington are very extensive, em- 
bracing ship buildmg, car manu- 
factories, cotton and woolen factories, 
flour and powder mills, shoe and 
leather factories. Reached by the 
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. 

Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
/. Deaville, 9 East 7th St., Wil- 
mington, Del. 

Nicolas Fidance, 604 Scott St., 
Wilmington, Del. 

Henry Kleinstuber, 708 Walnut St., 
Wilmington, Del. 



WOODLAND BEACH, Del. 

One of the most popular seaside 
resorts, on Delaware Bay, in Delawai-e. 
In the vicinity are several nice 
summer resting places, with large 
hotels and cottages. 



86 



DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 



WASHINGTON, D. C. 



RAILWAYS. 

BaUimore & Ohio Station, at New 
Jersey Avenue and C Street, Cable 
and horse cars may be taken here 
for any part of the city also hacks 
and baggage — wagons. 

Pennsylvania Railroad Station, at 
Sixth and B Streets. 

A metal star in the floor, near the 
inner entrance to the ladies' waiting- 
room, marks the spot, where President 
Garfield was assassinated July 2, 1881. 

The Steamboat Landing for all 
Potomac boats and ferries is at the 
foot of Seventh Street. 

The Street-Car System of the city 
is extensive and convenient, and 
lines of herdic coaches run upon 
some streets not traversed by tram- 
ways. Most of the tramways are 
operated either by cables or by the 
conduit system of imdergroimd 
trolleys, first made effective here. 
No overhead trolley wires are allowed 
within the city proper. The fare is 
5 cents ; but all the lines sell packages 
of six tickets for 25 cents, good upon 
any and every line of street-cars or 
herdics. The system of free transfer 
is so extensive that a person rarely 
has to pay two fares within the city 
limits. 

Hacks and Cabs are numerous, 
and not expensive, and the smooth 
asphalt pavements make their use a 
pleasure. The authoriiced rates are 
as follows: 

One horse Vehicle in daytime 
between 5 A. M. and 12,i]0 A. M. 
each passenger, for fifteen squares 
or less, 25 cents, each additional 



five squares or less, 10 cents. Night 
rates between 12,30A.M. and 5 A.M., 
each passenger for the fi!rst jifteen 
squares or less, 40 cents; each 
additional 5 squar-es or less, 15 cents. 

By the hour, in daytime first hour 
75 cents ; each additional quarter hour 
or fraction, thereof, 20 cents for one 
or two passenger. Three or fom- 
passengers, first hour, $ 1; each 
additional quarter hour or part 
thereof, 25 cents. Night rates about 
double these. 

Tzvo horse Vehicles: About double 
the rates for one-horse vehicles. 

The Hotels of Washington are as 
numerous as would be expected in 
a city so constantly frequented by 
visitors. 

Hotels: Washington has splendid 
hotel accommodations. One of the 
most modern hotels, is The Raleigh, 
corner Pennsylvania Avenue and 
Twelfth Street, Mr. T. I. Taltj^ 
Manager. The hotel is an imposing 
structure, seven stories and ab- 
solutely fire-proof; not an inch of 
inflammable material has been used 
in its construction. It contains about 
250 comfortable rooms, a Cafe, Buffet, 
Ladies' Cafe, Dining Room, Banquet 
and private dining rooms. Cigar and 
News Room, Writing Room etc. The 
Raleigh is conducted on the European 
plan only. Room from 1,50 upwards. 

The Shoreham js most advan- 
tageously situated, being in the 
center of the most fashionable section 
of the city, accessible from all points 
of interest, within five minutes walk 
of the Executive Mansion, War, Na\y, 



86a 



State and Treasury Departments. The 
Shorehjim has all the conveniences 
of modem architecture and is con- 
ducted on the American and European 
?lcins. The proprietor, Mr. John 
'. Devine, is well known in social 
and hotel circles. 

Riggs House, opposite the U. S. 
Treasury and one block from the 
White House, Proprietor, Mi". O. G. 
Staples, is one of the best hotels of 
the National Capital; it is heated by 
steam, has electric light. Cuisine 
and service are excellent. The 
location is a line one. Electric cars, 
to all points of interest, pass the 
notel. The rates are $ B.UU a day and 
upwards. 

Willard's Holel, corner of 14 th 
St. and Pennsylvania Avenue, is a 
good comfortable, homelike house, 
run by the Manager, Mr. G. De 
Witt, _ on liberal principles. The 
table is unsurpassed and at moderate 
prices. It is one of Washington's 
historic hotels, belonging to Mr. O. 
G. Staples. Rates $ 2,00 per day and 
upward. 

National Hotel, corner 6 th St. and 
Pennsylvania Avenue, opposite the 
Peim. R. R. Depot; steam heating, 
electric light and modem plumbing 
throughout. This hotel has recently 
been renovated and refitted in first 
class shape, being conducted by its 
managers, Messrs G. De Witt & 
Walter Bolton, on both American 
cind European plans. The table is 
first class. Rates: American plai;, 
2,50 per day and upwards ; European 

Slan, 1,00 per day and upwards. The 
National belongs to Mr. O. G. Staples. 
Congressional Hotel, Henry Brock, 
proprietor, is situated on the summit 
of Capitol Hill, directly at the main 
entrance to the U. S. Capitol. The 
Hotel is centrally situated, as all the 
Departments, hotels, theaters, Rail- 
road depots and places of amusement, 
are within a few minutes ride of this 
house. All the servants speak German 
and English. The hotel is conducted 
on both the American and European 
plans._ Rates: 2,00 and upwai-ds, 
American plan; 1,00 and upwards, 
European plan. 

Baltimore and Ohio Hotel, Mrs. 
Katie Schluderberg, proprietress, 



is on the comer of New Jersey 
Avenue and C Street. N. W., opposite 
the B. & O. Depot and within con- 
venient reach of all places of amuse- 
ment and car lines. The hotel is 
conducted on the European plan and 
has . been recently remodeled and 
refurnished throughout. 

Ernst Gerstenberg's Hotel and 
Restaurant, to be recommended to 
lovers of German beer and Deli- 
catessen. The favorite Wtirzburger 
Ho/brdu and Liebotschauer are 
always on draught here. Imported 
Rhine, Mosel and Bordeaux wines 
are at all times in stock. Mr. Gersten- 
berg's Poultry and Vegetable Fai-m 
contributes its share to the excellent 
table of his Restaurant. 

Fritz Reuter, Hotel and Restaur- 
ant, is another German hotel and 
restaurant, in Pennsylvania Avenue, 
frequented by persons fond of good 
dishes and excellent beer. 

Harvey's Oyster House and 
Restaurant, 1016 Pennsylvania Av- 
enue, between the Capitol and the 
Presidential Mansion, is one of the 
old landmarks of the city. Established 
forty years ago, it has in that 
time entertained all the men of 
distinction in the United States and 
many celebrities from abroad. It 
is the best place in the world to 
obtain the three most dehcious dishes 
of the American Continent; viz.. 
Oysters, Diamond back Terrapin 
and Canvas back Duck; also all 
varieties of sea food, or, in fact, any 
dish, known to gastronomy. Har- 
vey's enjoys a national reputation, 
which is fully sustained to this 
day; he is the originator of the 
celelsrated dish, steamed oysters. 
Visiting the National Capital of the 
United States, without calling at 
Harvey's, would be like missing the 
Capitol, Library, or any of the great 
pubUc buildings. 

SITUATION AND HISTORY OF 

WASHINGTON. 

The capital city of the United 
States is situated in the District of 
Columbia. Its peculiar origin, its 
constitution and history account for 
many of the pecularities of the City. 
In 1790 the first Congress of the 



86b 



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^IGGS ifoUSE 

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OPPOSITE US TREASURY 
ONE BLOCK FROM THE WHITE MOUSE. 



The Hotel Par Excellence 

OP THE 

NATIONAL CAPITOL 

Cable, Electric and Horse Cars Pass the Doors to all 
Parts of the City. Ai 

O. G. Staples, Proprietor. \ 



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A'^ „ A'i- A'^i i>'i' Jf'i. ii »»"!. .^"'^ •><''% j!"'. ^X'. 

Tlie ^aleiffi 

Pennsylvania Avenue, Corner 12'^ Street 
Washington, D. C. 

OPPOSITE NEW CITY POST OFFICE. 

Accessible to all points of interest in the City. 

Entire construction absolutely fire-pfoof, 
93 T. J. Talty, Manager. 



*^y&/. £7tr £^i'ir *'VS/. A% 



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87 



S. k 6. JCotel 




Katie Schluderberg, Propr, 



EUROPEAN PLAN. 



COR. NEW JERSEV ftVE. AND G. STREET, N.W. 

Opposite the B.. & 0. Depot 

convenient to all places of amusement and car lines. 

WASHINGTON, D. C. 



86f 



United States accepted from the 
States of Maryland and Virginia a 
tract ten miles square on the Potomac. 
In 1846 Virginia's portion — some 
36 square miles south of the river — 
was ceded back to her. President 
Washington appointed three com- 
missioners, to purchase the land 
from its owners, and to provide 
suitable buildings for the President, 
Congress, and the public offices of 
the Government. Charles L'Enfant, 
a French engineer who had fought 
in the Revolution as a major, was 
appointed to lay out the city withia 
the district. Though dismissed for 
lack of discipline his plan was 
followed by his successor and former 
assistent Ulicott. Hence the radiating 
broad avenues, superimposed upon 
a plan of rectilinear streets, which 
intersect the avenues at many angles. 

The avenues were named after the 
States, and in a certam order. By 
reason of its midway and influential 
position, that had already given it 
the excellent sobriquet, Keystone 
State, Pennsylvania was entitled to 
the name of the great central avenue. 
The avenues south of this, received 
the names of the Southern States; 
the avenues which crossed Pennsyl- 
vania were named after the Middle 
States, Maryland, Delaware, New 
Jersey, and 'Mew York, while the 
New England States were left to 
designate the avenues then regarded 
as remote possibilities among the 
swamps and hiUs of the northwest. 
The curious way in which the capital 
has developed along the lines of the 
last-naaied group is typical of the 
growth and change in the rest 
of the whole country since L'Eiifant's 
day. 

The rectilinear streets run exactly 
north and south and east and west. 
The streets rimnuig east and west 
are known by the letters o.f the 
alphabet, so we have North A and 
South A, North B and South B, and 
so on; at right angles to the alphabet- 
ical streets are the streets bearing 
numbers, and beginning their house 
enumeration at a line ruiming due 
north and south through the Capitol. 
This divides the city into for quarters, 
Northwest, Northeast, Southeast and 
Southwest, each with its own set of 



numbers for the houses, arranged 
upon the decimal system — that is, 
100 numbers for each block. This 
is repeated in a direction away from 
each of the Capitol streets; all 
addresses, therefore, should bear the 
added designation of the quarter by 
its initials — N. W., N. E., S. E., or 
S. W. In this description, as nearly 
everything mentioned is in the 
Northwest Quarter, these initials are 
imiformly omitted for that quarter, 
but are always supplied eleswhere. 

In 1800 the seat of Government 
was established in Washington, which 
was first called so, it is said by the 
Commissioners in 1791. The General 
himself, who was its most active 
promoter, always spoke of it as the 
Federal City. The town had only 
3,000 inhabitants. But it grew until 
1814, when it was captured by the 
British, who set fire to the public 
buildings. The town was nearly 
destroyed. After the British had left, 
the town was immediately rebuilt, 
and in 1860 it contained 60,000 
inhabitants. During the Civil war it 
was so weU protected by forts, that 
it was threatened only once. When 
the war was over, the population had 
grown to 140,000 and the city has 
since been constantly improved. 

The population today is about 
275,000. About one third of the 
population is colored. 

THE CAPITOL. 

The principal building and mon- 
ument in Washington is the Capitol. 

The great advantage that the city 
enjoys m having been intelligently 
planned before any building of conse- 
quence had been begun, is signally 
shown in the choice of this central 
and sightly hilltop as the position 
of the Capitol. The grounds m front 
of the building were made perfectly 
level, but in the reair they sloped 
downward some eighty feet to the 
Potomac flats, which are overflowed 
occasionally, even yet. The present 
arrangement of the park dates from 
1874, when it was enlarged to its 
present enclosure of forty-six acres, 
and beautified by the late Frederick 
Law Olmstead. The splendid marble 
terraces on the western side of 



86g 



the building, and their ornamental 
approaches, together costing $200,000, 
are a part of the general scheme ol 
out-door decoration, which each year 
becomes more admirable as the trees 
and shrubberies mature. A pretty 
featiure of the northwestern pax't of 
the park is the ivy-covered rest-house, 
one window of which looks into a 
grotto. The low stone tower.s, 
becoming vine-covered, in the western 
parts of the park, are the orifices 
through which is drawn the supply 
of fresh air for the ventilation of the 
Senate chamber and hall of Represent- 
atives. Immediately in front (east) 
of the Capitol is the Plaza, where 
vast crowds assemble to witness 



presidential inaugurations, and where 
the street-cars and carriages land 
their passengers; and here, facing 
the main entrance, stands Greenough' s 
Siaitie of Washington, silting m a 
curule chair, as the first great tribune 
of the American people. 

As a work of art it has caused 
great controversy among people of 
taste. 

The Capitol was begun in 1790. 
In 1800 only the north wing or that 
part of the main building containing 
the present Supreme Court rooms 
was finished; the opposite wing was 
not finished till 1811. A wooden 
passageway connected them across 
the space nOw occupied by the 



E3S'T'.,ft^^i-,isi3::E3X) i3tT isse 



OYSTER HOUSE AND RESTAURANT 



92 for Ladles and Gentlemen 

1016 PENSYLVANIA AVENUE 

Corner of Eleventh Street, N. W. 



WASHINGTON D.C. 



basements of the rotunda. "When, 
111 1814, the British captured the 
city they entered the legislative halls, 
held a mock session of Congi-ess, 
and soon the building was in flames. 
In 1815 Congress authorized the 
Secretary of the Treasury to borrow 
$ 500,000 to begin repairs( for the walls 
stood), and in 1818 undertook the 
erection of the central part. B. II. 
Latrobe took the architectural super- 
intendence of the restoration, while 
the new central structure was planned 
and supervised by Charles Bulfinch. 
The original building was completed 
in 1827, at a cost, including the 
grading of the grounds, repairs, etc., 



of not quite $ 2,500,000. A fire iu 
the library compelled the rebuilding 
of the western front in 1751, when 
additions were made, and the same 
year the corner-stones of the exten- 
sions, now known as the House and 
Senate wings, were laid; but these 
were not completed until 1859 (at 
a cost of nearly $ 9,000,000). Mean- 
while the low wooden dome which 
had temporarily covered the rotunda 
was removed in 1856, and the 
erection of the present iron dome 
was begun. 

Add to the sums above noted, a mil- 
lion dollars for additional space for 
the giounds and the obtaining of water, 



86h 



two millions for improvements of 
the grounds and terraces, another 
million for repairs and improvements 
on the bmlding itself, and various 
other items, and the cost of the Capi- 
tol up to the present time, approaches 
$ 15,000,000. 

The Front. The original and 
proper front of the Capitol is the 
eastern, and the city has grown 
behiud rather than before the state 
house of the nation, as it was 
expected to do. This contingency 
has been met by improvements at 
the rear of the building to increase 
the stateliaess of its approaches, so 
that the Capitol now has two faces, 
different, but substantially equal in 
merit. This new western front, 
although on the side from which 
most visitors approach, requires a 
long, toilsome climbing of terraces 
and steps; whereas the street-cars 
and herdics carry passengers to the 



level of the basement on the south 
side, and on the north side almost 
to the very entrance. It is therefore 
easier, as well as more proper, to 
begin one's survey of thfe great 
structui-e at the architect's original 
front door. 

This eastern front is the one 
usually represented in pictures, and 
it is imposing from every stand- 
point. One of the most satisfactory 
views of it is that obtained from 
the little car-passengers' shelter on 
the north side of the grounds. The 
massive and classic proportions of 
the Senate wing are near at hand, 
and its ornamental front cuts deeply 
into the dome, whose supports sink 
away in grand perspective to the 
Representative wing, while the majes- 
tic dome itself rises tier upon tier 
of columns and circling architraves 
to its convergent roof and statue- 
crowned tholus. There is a wonderful 




Chr. Heurich Brewing Co. 

25 th 26 th D and Water Streets, N. W. 
100 WASHINGTON, D. C 

Model Brewery of America. 

HeUrich'S "MAERZEN" is considered superior to the imported 
Visitors esp ecially invited! -^=^=— 

861 







THE SHOREHAM, Washington D. C. 

89 John T. Devine. 



ERNST GERSTENBERG 

1343 PENNSYLVANIA AVE. WASHINGTON D. C. 

The only place for Wt^RZBURGBR HOFBRAU, PILSBNER and 
other imported beers on draught. 

Also all GERMAN DELICATESSEN in season. 

Gerstenberg Poultry and Vegetable FARM. 

Main Office WASHINGTON, D. C. 



86 k 



frocks Congressional 

NEW JERSEY AVE. and B. ST. S. E. 

WASHINGTON D. C. 

3lC "■ 

Situated near the Capitol and Library. — 

Guests accomodated with 
DELIGHTFUL, AIRY AND WELL VENTILATED ROOMS. 

Cable Cars from Ra ilroad Depots pass m Front o/ this Lotel, 
and to all points of interest. 

tHinsiges reulfc|)es liotel in: IPagt^ingtow. 



90 



HENRY BROCK, prop. 




-T^r 



pj^ ?y f^/ ?y 1^ xy^ :^ t'^ f^ y 



TtestaiiT-atit unci Oaf*e Sans soiici, 

Sammelpunkt und Hauptquartier aller europaischen Touristen. Bests Lage 

WashingtoDS, an der beriihmteQ Pennsylvania Avenue, Ecke 4V2 Strasse. 

Sammtliche Bahnhofe in der Nahe. Das Cafe Sans souci geliQrt zu den 

SehenswUrdigkeiten der Stadt. 

Deutsche Kiiehe und Bedienung". ss 

Table d'hote und ^ la carte. * Massige Preise. 

Fritz Reuter, Eigenthiimer. 



861 



feeling of breadth and gi-anrleur, yet 
of buoyancy, in this oblique aspect 
of the noble pile — all sunny white, 
save the color in the folds of the flag. 

The Capitol is 751 feet long, 350 
feet in greatest width and covers 
nearly four acres of ground, with 
153,112 square feet of floor space. 
It is 155 feet high to the cornices 
of the main roof, or 288 feet to the 
crest of the Liberty statue. The 
dome of St. Paul's, in London, 
measures 404 feet to the top of its 
cross. The architecture is modified 
Corinthian upon a rustic base, plus 
a dome, and the material of the 
older central part is Vu-ginia (Aquia 
Creek) sandstone, painted white, but 
the newer wings are built of Mas- 
sachusetts marble. 

In front of the building stretches 
a broad paved plaza, and three flights 
of broad steps lead up to the central 
entrance and to each wing, lending 
a very effective appearance of breadth 
and solidity to the whole mass, whose 
walls are largely hidden by the rows 
of monolithic, fluted columns of 
Maryland marble that sustain the 
three broad porticos. The porticos 
of the wmgs have each twenty-two 
columns, and ten more columns on 
each of the northern and western 
fronts. The facjade of the northern 
wing, where the Senate sits, is 
doubly adorned. The tympanum is 
filled with an immense group by 
Thomas Crawford. This masterwork 
of the talented artist will repay care- 
ful study. 

The gj-and Central portico, which 
dates from 1825, is 160 feet wide 
and has twenty-four columns sup- 
porting a pediment of 80 feet span 
filled with an allegorical group cut 
in sandstone, representing the "Gen- 
ius of America." From the level 
of the portico entered, two great 
buttresses, each adorned with pieces 
of colossal statuary in marble. That 
upon the south side represents Co- 
lumbus. The sculptor was Pessicc 
(1896). The opposite group, on the 
uorthside, represents "Civilization", 
or "First Settlement of America" by 
Greenough. 

The inauguration of Presidents of 
the United States has taken place 

86 



upon this portico since the time of 
Jackson. 

Among the most interesting ob- 
jects at the Capitol is the Rogers 
bronze door in the center of the 
portico. This door opens directly 
into the rotunda under the dome. 
On each side of this very imposing 
entrance are statues of 'War" ami 
"Peace" by Persico. Above the 
door is a bust of Washington. 

The Rotunda occupies nearly the 
whole width of the center of the 
building. It is 180 feet high to the 
canopy and its center is the center 
of the' Capitol. 

Four doors open out of the ro- 
tunda. Over each is a marble panel 
in high relief representing respect- 
ivily: over the eastern door "Land- 
ing of the Pilgrims" ; over the north- 
ern, "William Penn making a treaty 
with the Delaware Indians"; over the 
southern: "Daniel Boone in conflict 
with the Indians"; over the western 
door is "Pocahontas saving the life 
of John Smith". The lower wall 
spaces are adorned by historical 
paintings. Most of these decorations 
were made between 1824 and 183'J. 

On the Canopy of the Dome is Bru- 
midi's masterpiece, "The Apotheosis 
of Washington". (To be examined 
from the gallery.) 

The ascent of the Dome may be 
made by a stakway of 376 steps. 
An exceedingly interesting view can. 
however, be obtained from the great 
galleries, which encircle the base o!" 
the dome. The view is similar to 
that obtained from the summit of 
the Washington monument, which 
can be reached by an elevator. 

The eastern door of the rotunda 
opens upon the gxand portico of the 
eastern front. 

The zvestern door leads to a rear 
stauway descending a narrow hall 
to the rear entrance of the CapiUil 
and Pennsylvania Avenue. It also 
opens around the head of the stair- 
way to the old Congressional Li- 
brarj^ now moved into a magnifi- 
cent new building. The old library 
rooms occupy all the spaces in the 
western front of the central building, 
and open upon a balcony which 
m 



gives an exceedinglv interesting view 
toward the river, the Treasury, and 
the principal part of the city. 

The northern door leads to the 
Supreme Court and beyond that, to 
the Senate Chamber. 

The southern door admits to Sta- 
tuary Hall and the House of Rep- 
resentatives, in the southern ex- 
tension. 

Statuary Hall. — Is a semi-cir- 
cular hall ninety-five feet in greatest 
width, whose ceiling is a hall-dome 
sixty feet high, beneath which is a 
spacious gallery filled with the Li- 
brary of the House of Representa- 
tives. This was the Hall of Repre- 
sentatives of the original Capitol, 
and as first built it was an oblong 
rectangular room. In rebuilding it, 
after the fire of 1814, Latrobe con- 
verted it into a semi-circular room. 
At the southern end is a grand arch, 
supported by columns of Potomac 
variegated marble (breccia), with 
white Italian capitals copied from 
relics in the ruins of Athens. Many 
other similar pillars form a colon- 
nade about the room and sustain 
the profusely paneled ceiling. The 
cupola, which admits such poor light 
as the room now gets, is made after 
the Roman Pantheon. Many fine 
statues are in this room. The hall 
has surprising acoustic properties, 
which the Capitol guides have learn- 
ed, and apply to the amusement 
of sightseers. 

Leaving Statuary Hall by the door 
under the aixh, we enter the House 
of Representatives. It is an ele- 
gant but not overornamented room. 
White and gold is the prevailing 
tone. Paintings : Washington as Pre- 
sident; Lafayette, "King's River 
Canon", "Discovery of the Hudson". 

Corridors with decorated ceUings 
and other adornments surround the 
House. 

A double stauxase leads to the 
g'allery floors, which contain many 
fresco's and statues and pictm-es of 
gieat value. 

The rooms beyond the stah-case 
are offices 

A wonderful stairway leads down 
to the conmxittee rooms. 



The House "^.obby is richly fur- 
nished and contains many portraits. 

Another stairway, turning to the 
le:t, leads to more committee rooms 
on the eastern front of this wing. 
The one on MUitary Affairs contains 
a fine collection of paintings of the 
principal forts of the Republic. 
From there, the Eastern Grand Stak-- 
case ascends to the galleiy floor. 
At its foot, is the statue of Thomas 
Jefferson. We see the paintmg of 
F. B. Cai-penter. "Signmg of the 
Proclamation of Emancipation", and 
ascend to the attic floor. Portraits 
of Henry Clay, Charles Carroll and 
Gunning Bedford hang at the top 
of the s tan-case. 

In the basement of the House is 
the House post office, office rooms, 
a public restaurant and elaborate 
bath-rooms for Representatives. 

In some of the rooms are decorations 
worth examining. 

A corridor extends from end to 
end of the basement; following it, we 
reach the Senate wing. Halfway 
down this corridor we come to the 
Crypt, an apartment formed of the 
spaces between the forty Doric 
columns that support the niassive 
brick arches upon which is laid the 
floor of the rotunda; a star in the 
pavement marks the center of 
the building immediately beneath the 
dome. A large part of the crypt h; s 
been walled off for storage of library 
books. A passage to the left leads 
out to the western entrance and up- 
stairs into the rotunda; and another 
leads to the basement doors under 
the grand portico of the eastern 
front. 

The Undercroft is the name 
applied to the vault beneath the 
crypt, intended by the founders of 
the Republic as the mausoleum of 
Washington and his family; but 
these good people preferred to be 
buried at Mt. Vernon, and the 
"undercroft" remains empty. 

Passing onward, a few steps take 
one past the light-shaft to the door 
("on the right) of the old Supreme 
Court Chamber, immediately under 
the present chamber. It was in this 
room, now filled with the exceedingly 



86n 



full and valuable law library of the 
coui't, that all the great cases were 
heard previous to 1857. A few 
steps farther, carry one out of the 
old mam building and into the 

Basement of the Senate Wing. 
Here there is a public restaurant, 
public lavatories ■ for both men and 
women, and many offices and commit- 
tee rooms. All the corridors and 
vestibules at this end are weU 
lighted, and the walls and ceilings 
are very profusely and elaborately 
decorated with miiral designs in the 
Italian manner, daintily drawn and 
brightly colored. Among them are 
many portraits. The vestibule of 
the Senate post office, in the north- 
west corner,isparticularlypictm-esque, 
having over the post-office door a 
large paintiug of Fulton, pointing, as 
if from a balcony, to his first steam- 
boat, the Claremont, passing the 
Palisades of the Hudson. The door 
of the Committee on Post-Office 
Affair's is suitably indicated by a 
sprightly picture of Franklin, who 
organized the American post olfice; 
while over the opposite door is a 
likeness of Fitch, Fulton's competitor 
in developing the idea of steam 
navigation. 

Other especially fine frescoes are 
to be seen in the room of the Senate 
committees on Indian Affairs, Naval 
Affairs, Military Affairs (whereRevplu- 
tionai-y battles arepictured inglorious 
colors), and Foreign Affaks; the 
doors of the latter and of the 
Committee on Patents are further 
distinguished by frescoes by Brumidi 
above the lintels — in the former 
case "The Signing of the Treaty of 
Ghent," and in the latter a full- 
length pictmre of Robert Fulton. 

A stairway at both ends of the 
main corridor leads to the principal 
story of the Senate wiag. Corridors 
extend around the Senate Chamber, 
which occupies the center of the wing. 

Busts of all the Vice-Presidents 
are being placed in niches in the 
walls, a recent embellishment, of 
which the following is a roster, with 
the names of the sculptors: 

John Adams (Daniel C. French), 
Thomas Jefferson (M. Ezekiel), Aaron 

86 



Burr (Jacques Toavenal), George 
Clinton fVictor A. Crane), Elbridge 
Gerry (Herbert Adams), Daniel 
Tomkins (C. H. Niehaus), Martin Van 
Buren (U. S. J. Dunbar), George M. 
Dallas, fH. J. EUicott), Hannib^ 
Hamlin (Franklin Simmons), Henry 
Wilson (Dan. C. French), W. A. 
Wheeler (Edwin Potter), Chester 
A. Arthur (Aug. St. Gaudens), Thomas 
A. Hendricks (U. S. J. Dunbar), Levi 
P. Morton (F. Edwin Elwell), Adlai 
E. Stevenson (Franklin Simmons). 
Busts of Calhoim and R. M. Johnson 
are not yet ready. 

Outside the Senate Chamber many 
interesting things are to be seen on 
the main floor, i&iong others, portrait 
of Washington by Stuart, opposite, 
a portrait of John Adams, the mag- 
nificent eastern staircase of marble; 
at its foot, the marble statue of 
Benjamin Franklin. On the wall of 
the stair landing, Powell's painting 
of Oliver P. Perry at the battle of 
Lake Erie. 

Just beyond the staircase is a 
vestibule with coupled columns ol 
white marble. It opens upon the 
eastern portico thiough another 
pair of Bronze Doors. 

The Senate Committee and recep- 
tion rooms are finely decorated and 
the frescos worth studying; one of 
the most beautiful, is the "Marble 
Room". Next west of this splendid 
saloon is the "President's Room", 
brilliantly decorated. 

Ascending the western grand stair- 
case of white marble to the galley 
floor the visitor looks at the statue 
of Jolm Hancock. On the wall of 
the landing is a large historical 
painting „Storming of Chepultepec." 
This corridor leads to a reserved 
gallery of the Senate and other 
committee rooms. 

At the head of the eastern grand 
stairway, the painting of the "Recall 
of Columbus" merits close attention. 
Immediately beyond the stahway are 
two halls, one looking out upon the 
plaza and another northward, 
containing fine tilings and some 
notable pictures. 

Descending by the eastern grand 
staixway to the main floor the visito 



ought not to miss examining the 
beautiful portraits of Thomas Jefferson 
and Patrick Henry upon the wall of 
the western end of the maiu corridor. 

The Stipreme Court chamber is 
next to be iuspected. Any one may 
enter and to sit at the rear of this 
old hall when court is ia session, is 
an impressive experience. 

This completes the tour of the 
Capitol. From the rotunda the visitor 
emerges upon the terrace, a broad 
esplanade. 

Broad flights and stairs, parting 
right and left about a fotmtaia, lead 
down to a lower terrace, in the 
center of which, is a bronze sitting 
figure of Chief Justice Mai-shaU. 

From this statue, walks descend 
on the right to Pennsylvania Avenue 
and the "Peace Monument". On 
the left to Maryland Avenue and 
the Garfield Monument. 

Other monumental buUdiugs in 
the Capital are : 

The New Building for the Li- 
brary of Congress in a sort of Ita- 
lian Renaissance style. The central 
pavUion on the front toward the 
Capitol is enriched just below the 
roof by four colossal figures, repre- 
senting Atlas and a series of busts 
of great authors. The cost of the 
building was $ 6,250,000. 

It is splendidly decorated and no- 
thing in the world surpasses the 
artistic splendor of the great ro- 
tunda, where the practical work of 
the library concentrates. An under- 
ground tunnel four feet wide and 
six feet high has been made be- 
tween the Ubrary and the Capitol, 
containing a cable carrier, upon 
which books may be sent back and 
forth at great speed. 

CAPITOL HILL. 

Capitol HOI is the name of the 
plateau of the Capitol. It is one of 
the handsomest parts of the city 
with its own shady avenues, cross 
streets and parks. In Stanton Square 
is the statue of Maj. Gen. Nathaniel 
Greene. The Peabody School fronts 
this square, which is reached by 
the Eckington street car. Half a 
mile farther down Massachusetts 



Avenue, is Lincoln Square. Here 
Tennessee and Kentucky avenues 
branch off northward and southward. 
In Lincoln Square, the most noted 
Statue is the monument to the 
"Emancipation of the Slaves". In 
the center of the Square is the 
famous sycamore tree. From this 
park to the Capitol is a wide avenue 
"East Capitol Street". At the 
eastern terminus of Massachusetts 
Avenue, on "Hospital Square", are 
the District, Almshouse, the Work- 
house, and the stone jad. Some 
distance away, on Bladensburg Road, 
are the buildings of the Boys' Re- 
form School. 

Christ Church, erected in 1795, is 
the oldest church in the city (on 
G Street, S. E. between Sixth and 
Seventh). (Protestant Episcopal.) 

Christ Church Cemetery adjoins 
the grounds of the workhouse and 
contains the graves and cenotaphs 
of many persons once prominent in 
official life. Congress contributes 
toward the support of this cemeterJ^ 
Street cars at Lincoln Square, ten 
minutes walk, or to the navy Yard, 
twenty minutes walk along K Street, 
S. E., and Georgia Avenue. 

The Navy Yard is one of the 
places which visitors to Washington 
are usually most anxious to see, but 
it usually offers little to reward their 
curiosity outside of the gtm shop. 
The navy yards at Brooklyn, Ports- 
mouth, and Norfolk are aU far more 
interesting. It stands on the banks 
of the broad tidal estuary of the 
Anacostia River, at the foot of 
Eighth Street, S. E., and is the ter- 
minus of the cable-cars from George- 
towTi along Pennsylvania Avenue. 
The Anacostia line of street-cars 
along M Street, 5. E., also passes 
the gate. 

The Gun Shop. — The first great 
budding on the right, at the foot of 
the stone stairs, is the most inter- 
esting place in the yard. It is 
filled with the most powerful and 
approved machinery tor turning, bor- 
ing, rifling, jacketing, and other- 
wise finishing ready for work the 
immense rifles required for modern 
battle-ships, as weU as the smaller 
B 5 



rapid-fire guns forming the supple- 
mentary batteries of the cruisers 
and otlier vessels of war. Observ- 
ing carefully the posted regula- 
tions, the visitor may walk where 
he pleases through these magnifi- 
cent factories and watch the extreme- 
ly interesting process, and should 
it happen that any vessels of war 
are in the harbor, permission to go 
on bo£a"d of them can be obtained 
at all suitable hours. 

The Marine Barracks, a couple of 
squares above the Navy Yard, on 
Eight Street, S. E., occupy a square 
surrovmded by brick buildings ; they 
are the headquarters of the Marine 
Corps, but contain nothing of inter- 
est for the visitor. 

The Naval Hospital, for sick and 
wounded officers and men of the 
Navy and Marine Corps, is at Penn- 
sylvania Avenue and Ninth Street, 
S. E. ; and at Second and D streets, 
S. E., is Providence Hospital, found- 
ed in 1862, whose rear windows 
overlook the fine old Duddington 
Manor. 

AnacosHa is a name applied in an 
indefinite way to the region oppo- 
site the Navy Vai-d, and is reached 
by a bridge at the foot of Eleventh 
Street, crossed by the street-cars of 
the Anacostia & Potomac line. The 
village at the farther end of the 
bridge, now called Anacostia, was 
formerly Uniontown, and from it 
branch roads lead up on the Mary- 
land Heights in various directions, 
where subm'ban villas and park- 
villages are rapidly extending. Twin- 
ing, at the eastern end of the 
Pennsylvania Avenue bridge; Lin- 
coln Heights, in the extreme eastern 
corner of the district; Gai-field and 
Good Hope, on the fine Marlboro 
Tm-npike, which is a favorite run 
for cyclers and where there is a 
summer hotel — Overlook Inn; and 
Congress Heights, farther south, ai^e 
the principal of these subm^ban cen- 
ters. All of these high ridges were 
crowTied and connected by fortifica- 
tions, some of which remain in 
fairly good condition, especially Fort 
Stanton, just south of Garfield. A 
wide and interesting view of the 
city and the Potomag Valley is ob- 



tained from its ramparts, and also 
of the great Federal Insane Asylum. 

A WALK ON PENNSYLVANIA 
AVENUE. 

Washington's principal street is 
four miles and a half long, but is 
broken by the Capitol, the Treasury 
and White House giounds. It is 
160 feet wide, expanding at intervals 
into spaces and parks. 

Beginning at the western gates of 
the Capitol, Maryland Avenue diverges 
Southwest, straight down to Long 
Bridge. At the beginning of these 
streets are the Peace Memorial 
Monument and the Garfield statue. 
In the triangle between the Pennsyl- 
vania and Maryland Avenues lies the 
Botanical Garden with the illuminated 
fountain in the center. We pass 
Lincoln Column and the buildings 
improve as we proceed. On the 
right, the National Hotel*, opposite, 
the St. James. Passing the Pennsyl- 
vania Raihoad Station, on the left, we 
cross Sixth Street. We are in front 
of the Metropolitan Hotel. We come 
to Seventh Street, the principal north 
and south-artery of traffic. Louisiana 
Avenue extends from the open place 
into a fine boule\ard to Judiciary 
Square. 

The Statue of Maj. Gen. Winfield 
S. Hancock stands on the triangle, 
which is formed by its diagonal 
intersecting Pennsylvania Avenue. 

Center Market is here on the south 
side, worth seeing. Between the 
market and Peiinsylvania Avenue, is 
a park. Here stands the Statue of 
Maj. Gen. John A. Rawlins, famous 
as Grand Chief of Staff. 

At Ninth Street, the Academy of 
Music appears at the right. Tenth 
Street is the next. At the left, is the 
principal entrance to the Smithsonian 
giounds. The open place here is 
decorated with the statue of Benjamin 
Franklin. On Tenth Street, in the 
old Ford's Theater, President Lincoln 
was assassinated. The house opposite 
is the one, to which Lincoln was 
carried and is marked by a tablet. 
The owner at present exhibits there 
a large collection of Lincoln relics. 
Admission 25 Cents. 



86q 



On the square corner Eleventh 
Street is the new Post Office. 

Next comes Thirteenth Street with 
two little parks and the power house 
of the Washington and Georgeto'mi 
Raibroad , the Capital's Traction 
Company (burnt down). 

Fourteenth Street is the most 
important thoroughfare in this part 
of the city. Extending from 
Long Bridge to Mount Pleasant. 
The Belt Lme CJirs run southward 
upon it from Pennsylvania Avenue 
to the Bureau of Engi'aving and 
Printing, and so on around to the 
Capitol, and the Alexandria & Mount 
Vernon Electric Line terminates 
here. At the right (northward) the 
street slopes steeply up the hUl to 
F Street, and this block, as far as 
the Ebbitt House, is known as 
Newspaper Row, because filled with 
the offices of correspondents of 
newspapers all over the country. 
Opposite them, fiUing the northwest 
corner, is Wniard's Hotel. 

The block opposite Willai-d's, is 
devoted to business houses and the 
Regent Hotel, the side windows of 
which, overlook a green expanse of 
parking down to the Potomac. 
Ai-ound the corner, to the left, on 
Fifteenth Street, are Allen's (formerly 
Albaugh's) Grand Opera House, 
occupying a part of the armory of 
the Washington^ Liglit Infantry, the 
house of the Capital Bicycle Club, etc. 

This brings us to the avenue, 
against the southern portico of the 
Treasury. The small wooden build- 
ing within the gates, is devoted to 
the official photographer. Turning 
to the right, up the slope of Fifteenth 
Sti^eet, we pass the busy terminus 
of F Street, and go on to G, where 
the Riggs House forms a dignified 
comer-piece. A few steps farther, 
the broad avenue in front of the 
Treasury opens the way northward 
and brings us to the White House. 

The Executive mansion, commonly- 
called the White House, was built 
by the architect, James Hoban, who 
took his idea of the mansion from 
the house of the Duke of Leinster 
in Dublin; a sort of Italian style. 

The material is Virginia sandstone. 



lis length is 170 feet and its width 
86 feet. The house is of two stories 
and a basement. Its cost up to 
the present, exceeds $ 1,500,000. In 
1814 the British set fire to the 
building, but heavy rains extinguished 
the conflagration, before it had 
damaged the walls extensively. The 
mansion was repaired and then 
painted white, to cover the ravages 
■of the fire. This color has been kept 
ever since and has given the popular 
name of the "White House" to the 
Executive mansion. 

The President's Grounds consist 
of some eighty acres. The immediate 
garden was early attended to, as is 
shown by the size of the trees. The 
more distant part of the grounds has 
been set in order only lately. The 
grounds are open freely to the public. 
In weather the Marine Band gives 
concerts in the afternoon. Lafayette • 
Squai-e is practically a part of these 
grounds. 

Admission to the White House, 
at least to parts of it, is free to 
everybody. The mansion contains 
many art works, which are shown ' 
to the visitor, Every room has its 
name. There is the East Room, used 
as the state reception room with lull 
length portraits of George and Maiiha 
Washington and many others. 

Adjoining, is the Green Room with 
many portraits and an exquisite 
ceiling ornamented by a design of 
musical instruments. 

Next to this, is the Blue Room. 
West of the Blue Room is the Red 
Room, used chiefly by the ladies 
of the mansion. The walls are 
covered with portraits. 

AH these rooms open upon a corridor 
separated from the vestibule by a 
partition of glass. In this corridor 
hang several portraits of Presidents. 
Each President is supposed to leave 
his portrait here. 

At the south end of the corridor, 
is the State Dining Room. 

The western door of the corridor 
opens into the conservatory. 

On the second floor are the 
offices of the President and his 
Secretaries. 



86r 



In the immediate neighborhood of 
the White House are most of the 
Executive Departments. 

West of the White House is the 
State, War and Navy Building: 
471 feet long by 253 feet wide. The 
building covers four and a half acres 
and cost $ 10,700,000. The Depart- 
ment of State occupies the noblest, 
the south front of the Buildmg. 

The finest room is The Library. 

The War Department occupies 
the western and part of the northern 
front, and the Navy Department has 
Quai-ters ia the remaining part of 
the buildiug. The collection of 
models of ships, on view near the 
entrance is interesting. 

East of the White House is the 
Treasury. It is an imposing building 
of the form of a pagan temple. Its 
cost amounts to about $ 10,000,000. 

The building is open from 9 tiU 2, 
and every stranger visits the place, 
though there is nothing to he seen 
there. 

In the "Department of Justice" 
land "Court of Claims" situated in 
tbe office building on Pennsylvania 
Avenue, across the street from the 
Treasury, nothmg attracts the visitor. 

The General Post Office occupies 
the whole square on Seventh Street 
between E and F Streets, back to 
Eighth street. 

The Dead Letter Office on the F 
Street front, is the most interesting 
part. 

The Patent Office is the popular 
name for the Department of the 
Interior. The offices of the depart- 
ment are in different buUdings and 
do not offer any thing of interest 
for the tourist. 

The Secretary's office is in the 
Patent Office Building which covers 
the two squares from Seventh to 
Nmth Streets between F. and G. 

The Governm-ent Printing" Office 
is on North Capitol and H Streets. 
Nearly 3000 persons are employed 
durhig the congressional session, 
and it is probably the largest 
printing office in existence. 

The office of the Department of 
Labor is in the National Safe De- 



86s 



posit BuUding on New York Avenue 
and Fifteenth Stieet. 

Ihe Civil Service Cotnmission 
has its offices in the Concordia Build- 
ing, Eighth and E Streets. 

The Interstate Commerce Com- 
mission is m the Sun Buildng, 
No. 1317 F Street. There is also 
the office of the Venezuela Boimdary 
Commission. 

The Inter - Continental Railway 
Commission has its offices at 
No. 1429 New York Avenue. 

The Bureau of American Re- 
publics has offices at No. 2 Jackson 
Place. 

THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT 

E. IngersoU writes: 

"The dignity, symmetry, and tower- 
ing height of Washington's cha- 
racter, as it now presents itself to 
the minds of his coimtrymen, are 
well exemplified va. the majestic sim- 
plicity of his monument in Washing- 
ton. This pure and glittering shaft, 
asking no aid from inscription or 
ornament, strikes up into heaven 
and leads the thought to a patriot- 
ism as spotless and a manhood as 
lofty, as any American has attained 
to. It is the glory and grandeur of 
this superb monument Qiat it typi- 
fies and recalls not Washington the 
man, but Washington the character. 
It is really a monument to the Amer- 
ican people in the name of their 
foremost representative. It is in 
itself a constantly beautiful object, 
intensified, unconsciously to the be- 
holder, perhaps, by the symbolism 
and sentiment it involves. With 
every varying mood of the changing 
air and sky, or time of day, it as- 
sumes some new phase of interest 
to the eye. Now it is clear and 
firm against tbe blue -- hai'd, shai-p- 
edged, cold, near at hand; anon it 
withdraws and softens and seems to 
tremble in a lambent envelope of 
azure ether, or to swim in a golden 
mist, as its shadow, like that of a 
mighty dial, marks the approach of 
sunset upon the greensward that 
roUs eastward from its base The 
most picturesque view of it, doubt- 
less, IS that from the east, where 



joumaj "compose" it in the distance 
of a picture, for whicTi the trees 
and shrubbery, winding roads and 
Norman towers, of the Smithsonian 
park form the most artistic of fore- 
gTounds." 

The monimient is open to visitors 
from 9.00 a. m. to 6.00 p. m. in the 
summer, and 5.30 p. m. in winter, 
with an intermission of an hour at 
noon. A staircase of 900 steps winds 
its way to the top, around an inter- 
ior shaft of iron pillars, in which 
the elevator runs. The elevator 
makes a trip every half hour. As 
this elevator and its ropes are of 
unusual strength, and were severely 
tested by use in elevating the stone 
required for the upper courses as 
the structure progressed, its safety 
need not be suspected. The elevator 
is lighted by electricity and carries 
a telephone. Seven minutes are re- 
quired for the ascent of 500 feet; 
and one can see, as it passes, all 
the inscriptions and carvmgs suffi- 
ciently well to satisfy theciuriosity 
of most persons. Several, not em- 
bedded in the walls, are shown in 
the National Museum. An officer 
in charge of the floor, marshals visit- 
ors into the elevator, and another 
cares for the observatory floor at 
the top; but no fees whatever are 
reqjaired or expected. 

The eight small windows, which 
open through the pyramidon of the 
obelisk, 517 feet above the ground 
offer an unique view, which no visit- 
or should miss enjoying. There 
are good reasons for advising, that 
the ascent should be the filrst thing 
done by the visitor. From there he 
may visit t/te Bureau of Engraving 
and Pr.'nthzg a handsome brick 
building on Fourteenth Street S. W., 
five mmutes from the Washington 
Monument. Visitors are received 
from ten to two o'clock. 

East of this building between 
Fourteenth and Twelfth Streets, 
S. W. in The Department of Agri- 
culture. In this building is a museum 
containing excellent wax models of 
fruits and natural foods and other 
interesting features. 

The Weather Bureau is domiciled 
at the comer of M and Twenty-fourth 
streets. 



The Smithsonian Institution ana 
National Museum, are reached by 
crossing Twelfth Street S. W. and 
entering the park. Near the gate 
the statue of Joseph Henry. The 
Smithsonian Institution has under its 
charge the following bureaus: 

THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 

The United States National Museum 
with its innumerable treasures of 
collections, which no visitor should 
miss examining. 

The Bureau of International 
Exchanges. 

The Bureau of Ethnology. 

The National Zoological Park 
is an excursion into the northern 
comer of the District. It is reached 
by taking the cable car from Fourt- 
eenth Street to the Boundary and 
then the Chevy Chase line. The best 
way is to leave the car after crossing 
the bridge, where a narrow lane leads 
to a flight of steps down the hill to 
the brmk of Rock Creek, near the 
bear dens. No admittance charge 
of any kind is required. The garden 
is open daily, also Sundays. This 
excursion must be made sepai-ately. 

The Astrophysical Observatory. 

The Arm-y Medical Museum. 
occupies a fine building in the 
southeast corner of the Smithsonian 
grounds, next to Seventh Street. 
This museum is of the greatest interest 
and value to the medical profession. 
The Library is the most complete 
collection of medical and surgical 
literature in the world. 

The United States Fish Com,mission 
is the last place to be visited on 
this side of The Mali. It occupies 
the old arsenal on Sixth Street and 
from it that part of the Park has its 
name "Armory Square". 

MONUMENTS. 

On Lafayette Square. One of 
the oldest buildings in Washington 
is "St. fohn's", the Episcopal church 
on the north side of this park. Two 
statues belong to the Square, the 
equestrian statue of President 
General Andrew Jackson and the 
Memorial to Lafayette. 



86t 



Near hj on Madison Place (15^/2 
Street) is located the Lafayetie 
Square Opera House. On the corner 
of H Street is the Cosmos Club 
house. Passing many historical 
buildings we come to Fotirteentk 
Street and Franklin Square. The 
Franklin school-house overlooks the 
square on the east; the Hamilton 
hotel and Cochran hotel are just 
above it on Fourteenth Street. The 
church on the corner of L Street is 
"All Souls"" (Unitarian); opposite it 
is th^ Portland. Next is Thomas 
Circle with the equestrian Statue of 
Gen. George H. Thomas. North- 
west of Thomas Circle, in front of 
Lutheran Memorical Church stands 
the statue of Martin Luther, one of 
the most artistic statues in the city. 

FoUowingH Street from Fourteenth 
Street westward we pass the Elsm-ere 
hotel, the Shoreham- hotel on the 
corner of Fifteenth Street. The 
Cohimbian University is located on 
the other corner. On the left hand 
corner at Madison Place, is the 
Cosmos Club. 

Diagonally opposite is iheArlington 
Hotel. 

Crossing Connecticut Avenue on 
Seventeenth Street, facing the square 
is the ancient Decatur house. On 
the southeast corner of Eighteenth 
and G Streets the historic Everett 
house. 

From Fourteenth Street westward 
on I Street we pass splendid 
residences, facing McPherson Square, 
one of the finest parks in the city. 
In the park is the equestrian statue 
of Jam.es B. Mc Pherson. 

At the junction of Massachusetts 
and Rhode Island avenues is Scott 
Circle with the equestrian statue of 
Gen. Win fie Id Scott. 

Connecticut Avenue from H Street 
to the boundary im the afternoon 
promenade. In the northward 
direction is Farrag^nt Square in the 
center of which i!s the statute of 
Farragut. 

Further on is the Presbyterian 
Church of the Covenant. On the 
corner of N Street is the British 
Embassy. The Austrian Legation 
owns No. 1307 on Dupont Circle 



with the bronze statue of Admiral 
Samuel F. Dupont. 

Where New Hampshire Avenue 
crosses Pennsylvania Avenue is a 
park named Washington Circle 
with an equestrian bronze statue 
of the American Idol. 

ART GALLERIES. 

The .Corcoran Art Gallery on 

Seventeenth Street at New York 
Avenue. It contains many famous 
paiatings of gi-eat value to students. 

The Waggaman Gallery at 
No. 3300 O Street, Georgetown, 
reached by the F Street or by the 
Pennsylvania Avenue street cars. 
The gallery is famous for its splendid 
collection of Japanese work. Visitors 
are admitted Thursdays during the 
first four months of the year, 50 cents 
admission. 

THEATRES. 

The newest house is the Lafayette 
Opera House on Lafayette Square. 

Aliens Opera House is on Fif- 
teenth Street, at the corner of 
E Street. 

The National Theatre on Penn- 
sylvania Avenue between Thirteenth 
and Fourteenth Streets. 

The Academy of Music at Ninth 
and D Streets. 

Kernans Lyceum. 1014 Pel Isyl- 
vania Avenue. 

Lectiires are given at Meii. irott 
Hall and Willards Hall, 

Convention Hall is an immense 
hall at the crossing of New- York 
Avenue and L and Fifth Streets. It 
is used for conventions and social 
affaires. 

There are no industrial enter- 
prises of importance in the District 
of Columbia, except the Chr. Heurich 
Brewing Company, which is classed 
among the model breweries of the 
United States. The brewery is situ- 
ated neeu" the river and contains the 
most modern apjjliances. No visitor 
should fail to visit this enterprise, 
where he can get a right view at 
what the American industrial genius 
has accomplished. 



86u 



The principjil brands, axe "He'urich's 
Maerzen", considered superior to the 
imported' beer, "Senate", "Extra 
Pale", and "Lager". 

EXCURSIONS. 

Mount Vernon, where the home 
was and the tomb of George Wash- 
ingthon is, on the right bank of the 
Potomac, sixteen miles below the 
city. Admission 25 cents. Cars and 
trains of the Mount Vernon Railroad 
Company are running from Pennsyl- 
vania Avenue and Thirteen-and-a- 
half Street. 

The steamer "Charles Macalester'' 
runs daUy from the foot of Seventh 
Street to Mount "Vernon. (10 a. m. 
and returns 2,30). Round trip 
including admission 75 cents. The 
trip on the Potomac River on a fine 
day is highly enjoyable. 

The end of the steslmboat's route 
is Marshall Hall, some miles below 
Mount Vernon. It is a summer 
pleasure resort with Restaurant and 
aU sorts, of amusements. Similar 
resorts oti the riverside are Riverview 
and Notley Hall. 

The way to Arlington lies through 
Georgetown to the Union station by 
the Pennsylvania Avenue cable line, 
hence by electric car across the 
Potomac to the gates of Arlington 
or to Fort Myer. Arlington is a fine 
example of the architecture of its 
era. The groimds are used for a 
National Military Cemetery with its 
innumerable interesting monuments, 
graves, memorial stones, bas-reliefs 
and mausoleums. In the rear of the 
Mansion is a miniatm-e temple upon 
whose columns are engraved the 
names of great American soldiers; 
further an amphitheater of columns, 
where open-air burial services are 
conducted. 

Adjoining the cemetery on the 
north, but separated from it by a 
ravine is Fort Myer. This is a 
cavalry post of the army, which 
accomodates a whole regiment. 

The cable car north on Seventh 
Street and the electiic line from 
the boundary run du-ect to the Eagle 
or western gate of the Soldiers' 
Home grounds passing Howard 



University. The Soldiers Home, was 
established as a retreat for veterans 
of the Mexican War. 

In the rear of the Home lies one 
of the National m-ilitary Cemeteries. 

Northeast of the Home stand Rock 
Creek Church and its beautiful 
cemetery, well worth examination. 

Around the Military Cemetery, 
and up the hill to te right, the 
remnants of Fort Totten may be seen. 
Its parapets command a wide 
landscape. 

From Fort Totten the Harewood 
Road may easUy be reached and 
followed southward along the eastern 
side of the park until it emerges 
upon the great campus of 

The Catholic University _ of 
America. This is the national insti- 
tution of higher learning etablished 
by all the Catholic bishops of the 
tfnited States in the Third Plenary 
C6uncil^of Baltimore, and is regarded 
by Pope Leo XIII as one of the 
chief honors of his pontificate. The 
groimds comprise seventy acres, and 
the visitor is at once struck by the 
stately appearance of the two great 
imiversity structures already erected. 

The old country viUage and 
present suburb of Brookland lies 
just beyond, and is the terminus of 
the Soldiers' Home and Eckington 
Electric Railway, which will carry the 
visitor back from the university gates 
or southern entrance to the Soldiers' 
Home in about twenty-five minutes. 
Just south of the latter, west of the 
suburban district of Edgewood, 
trough which the line passes, are the 
Glenwood, Prospect Hill, and St. 
Mary's (Roman Catholic) cemeteries, 
which contain the graves of many 
famous persons and some fine 
monuments. Nearer the city line is 
the fine suburb, Eckington, in the 
midst of which, upon a beautifully 
wooded hiU, is the colonial building 
of the Eckington Hotel, open in 
summer. This line enters the city 
along New York Avenue, and ter- 
minates at the Treasury. 

Georgetown or West Washington 
does not contain much to attract 
the sight-seer. The most prominent 
institution in the locality is George- 
town College. 



86v 



Oak Hill Cemetery, on the 
southern bank of Rock Creek near 
P Street is worth seing. 

Not far off is the Naval Obser- 
vatory, a new astronomical station 
of the Government. 

From Georgetown an electric 
road rmis north to Wesley Heights, 
a Methodist association which intends 
to establish a universitj modeled 
upon the plan of^erman mstitutions. 
Further on is Oak View with an 
observatory ; then on the left Wordley 
Inn, a summer hotel. A mile and 
quarter farther Tennallytown. A road 
west affords a picturesque walk to 
the Receiving Reservoir and a mile 
farther to Little Falls, or the Chain 
Bridge. At the right, on the highest 
point of land the new reservoir is 
seen. 

From Georgetown the Georgetown 
& Great Falls Railroad Company 
operates an electric line to the Great 
Falls of the Potomac ; one of fhe most 
delightful excursions out of Wash- 
ington. The cars leave the Union 
Station in Georgetown. We pass 
Chain Bridge and walk a mile and a 



half above the bridge to the Little 
Falls of the Potomac, a favorite spot 
for picnicking parties. Then over 
Glen Echo Heights passing "Chau- 
tauqua Assembly" to the ravine of 
Cabm John Run, where the fine Eirch 
of the famous bridge gleams through 
the trees. Five miles farther are the 

Great Palls of the Potomac. Here 
are the City Water Works. 

The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad 
runs to Bladensbur^ and Kendall 
Green. Bladenburg is a favorite 
drive. A string of pleasant suburban 
villages join one another along the 
railway. 

KendaU Green is an institution for 
the free education of deaf-mute 
children of sailors and soldiers of 
the United States. 

Excursions by Steamer to Fortress 
Monroe, the Bull Run Battlefield, 
Fredericksburg, Harper's Ferry, the 
Luray Caverns in Virginia, and to 
Annapolis in Maryland, are often 
made from Washington. 

Agents of the North-German Lloyd : 
Edw. F. Droop & Sons, 925 Pennsyl- 
vania Ave. Washington D. C. 



86w 



FLORIDA. 



Florida was the first region of 
North America to be colonized by 
Europeans. Juan Ponce de Leon 
landed there in 15 13 and proclcumed 
the sovereignty of Spain. In 1564 
Laudonniere and his. French Hugue- 
nots built Fort Caroline, on the 
St. John's River, but were surprised 
by a Spanish fleet under Menendez, 
and massacred. Four years later De 
Gourgue's expedition captured the 
fort and hung the garrison. 

St. Augustine was founded by Me- 
nendez in 1565. The town was com- 
pletely destroyed in 1586 by Sir 
Francis Drake. In 166 5 the bucca- 
neers blundei'ed it. 

In 1763 Spain ceded Florida to 
Great Britain, in return for Cuba, 
but twenty years later the country 
was ceded, back to Spain in exchange 
for the Bahamas. In 18 19 the Kiri^ 
of Spain reluctantly geded Florida 
to the United States, and Andrew 
Jackson became its Governor. In 
183 s began the Seminole War, which 
lasted for seven years. Most of the 
Seminoles were removed beyond the 
Mississippi in 1842 and 1858 and 
now dwell in the Indian Territory. 

At the outbreak of the Civil War 
Florida joined the Southern States 
in attempting to leave the Union. 

The name of the State was given 
by its discoverer. Ponce de Leon, 
who first saw the land on Easter 
Sunday, in Spanish, Pasctia Florida. 
Florida is called The Everglade 
State, from one of its natural features. 

There are myriads of islands 
around Florida, including those in 
the Everglades, the Ten Thousand 



Islands, and the famous Florida 
Keys, extending 200 miles south- 
westward from Cape Florida to the 
Dry Tortugas. Many of the Keys 
are uninhabited; and nearly all of 
them are infested by enormous 
swarms of mosquitos. The population 
in 1890 was 391,422. 

CEDAR KEY, Fla. 

Cedax Key, situated on an island 
of the same name in the Gulf of 
Mexico, boasts of a climate peculiarly 
temperature and equable. In its 
location, its surrounding waters and 
delightful climate, it resembles Ven- 
ice; and like this Italian city, it is 
also quite a commercial center. It 
is surrounded by numerous other 
islands or "keys", as they are called, 
which afford many delightful ex- 
cursions. 

Interesting side trips can also be 
made by steamer to Tarpon Springs, 
Clearwater, Dunedin, Seaside, Yel- 
low Bluff, Manatee and Tampa. 

KEY WEST, Fla. 
Key West, the county seat of Mon- 
roe county, is situated on an island 
one hundred and sixty-five miles by 
steamer from Miami and about one 
hundred miles from Havana, Cuba. 
The island embraces two thousand 
acres of coral formation. It presents 
many pleasing features to the tour- 
ist, and is well worth a visit; trop- 
ical trees and flowers of all kinds 
abound, and the people of the island 
are remarkably hospitable. The im- 
portance of Key West, as one of 
the g3reatest commercial centers of 



87 




88 



the country^ is assured by its geo- 
graphical position, and with the 
completion of the Nicaragua Cana] 
it will occupy a still more prominent 
position in the commercial world. 

FERNAM3INA, Fla. 
A commercial town, carrying on 
an important trade in ships pro- 
visions and wood, with 3,000 in- 
habitants, 33 miles from Jacksonville, 
on Amelia Island, on the Amelia 
River, with the best harbor, south 
of Chesapeake Bay. Steamers leave 
here for New York, Charleston, ports 
of Georgia and Europe. 

GAINESVILLE, Fla. 
A well known winter resort and 
railway junction (change cars here 
for Palatka, Ocala etc.) of 3,000 in- 
habitants, 14 mUes from Waldo, on 
the Florida Central and Peninsular 
R. R. Excursion to Alachna Sink. 

HOMOSASSA, Fla. 

A rendezvous for sportsmen, for 
fishing and shooting. Hotels: Ho- 
mosassa Inn; $3,00; Osceola House, 
$ 2,00. 

Well situated on the river of the 
same name, about four miles from 
the Gulf; reached from Jacksonville 
by the Florida Central & Peninsular 
R R 

JACKSONVILLE, Fla. 

Reached from New York by the 
Clyde Steamers, leaving every Mon- 
day, Wednesday and Friday atS o. c. 
p. m., from Pier 29 East River, three 
days $ 25, Via rail to Washington via 
Atlanta and Richmond to Savannah 
or by the Savannah, Florida & West- 
em R. R. via Atlanta to Jacksonville. 
1,276 miles from New York, in 40 
hours. The Vestibule train leaves 
New York daily at 4,30 p. m. 

Jacksonville, the metropolis of 
Florida, the Indian name of which 
was "Wacca Pilatka", is beautifully 
situated on the bajiks of the St. John's 
River. Its present name was given 
in honor of General Andrew Jackson, 
the first Governor of Florida. The 
present population is about 30,000, 
mcluding suburbs. It is the gate- 
way at which the steamships, steam- 
boats and railways center, radiating 
thence throughout the length and 



breadth of the State, The streets 
are regularly idiu out, aud beauti- 
fully shaded by grand live oaks over- 
hung with moss. 

Mandarin, a small village on the 
east bank of the river, is one of the 
oldest settlements in the State. Near 
the landing, almost hidden among 
fine old oaks and orange trees, is 
the home of the celebrated authoress 
of "Uncle Tom's Cabin", Mrs. Har- 
riet Beecher Stowe. The white wharf 
and fence of Orange Park shines 
pleasantly across the river. 

Passing Hibernia, New Switzer- 
land and Remington Park we come 
to Magnolia, one of the popular 
winter resorts of the South, noted, 
for its shaded walks and drives and 
universally-known "Magnolia Spring. 
Water". 

Two miles beyond and thirty miles 
from Jacksonville we arrive at Green 
Covi Springs, noted for its magni- 
ficent sulphur spring, located in a 
wooded and picturesque hollow, and 
which gushes forth 3,000 gallons of 
water per minute, 78" temperature. 

The first orange grove to be seen 
is from the deck of the steamer as 
she nears Federal Point, which is 
an incorporated town situated on 
the east bank, and from there for 
100 miles the river is almost one 
coxmecting link of groves. 

OCALA, Fla. 

Population 6,000 — in Marion Co., 
the great inland commercial city 
of Florida, and is often called the 
"Brick City." In the center of Ocala 
is a large "Public Square" and Park, 
around which are located the hotels, 
business blocks and banks, all of 
modern construction, erected since 
1883. Surrounding the town are 
beautiful residences, together with 
orange and lemon groves, fruit 
orchards and vineyards. 



ORMOND, Fla. 
Situated fifty miles down the coast 
from St. Augustine, on the line of 
the Florida, East Coast Railway, 
eighteen miles north of Mosquito 
Inlet, on the Halifax River. 



89 



Ormond on the Halifax could 
rightly be named "Ormond by the 
Sea"; situated on both banks of the 
river, its limits extend across the 
peninsula to the ocean, fronting the 
finest beach on the Atlantic coast. 

PALATKA, Fla. 

Hotels: Putnam House $ 4-6. 
Graham's Hotel $-3. — St. George. 

Palafka is a city of 5,000 popula- 
tion; the business portion is finely 
laid out, and is a thriving business 
center; this is considered a rich 
farming section, and is suiTounded by 
most beautiful orange groves. Here 
connection is made with steamboats 
for Crescent City and the famous 
Ocklawaha River. 

Connections are also made with 
the T., T. & K. W. Railway; with 
the Florida East Coast Railway for 
St. Augustine, Ormond, Daytona, 
New Smyrna, TitusvUle, Rockledge, 
West Palm Beach and points on the 
Halifax, Hillsborough and Indian 
Rivers; with the Plant system for 
Interlachen, Ocala, Leesburg, Brooks- 
ville, Gainesville, and intermediate 
points, and also with the G. S. & 
F. Railroad. 

PENSACOLA, Fla. 

An important seaport town of 
12,000 inhabitants, on Escambia 
Bay, founded by the Spaniards in 
1696; ten miles from the Gulf of 
Mexico. 

Principal products are: fish, wood 
and fruits. Two old forts; Fort St. 
Michael and Fort St. Bernard. 
Excursion to the Navy Yard, Fort 
Barancas and Fort Pickens, on 
Santa Rosa Island, by steamer. 

PORT TAMPA, Fla, 
The terminus of the Plant System, 
nine miles south of Tampa. 

Hotel: The Inn, $ 4,00. The great 
pier stretches out half a mile from 
the main shore. The trains run to 
the extreme end, where the Hotel is. 

PUNTA GORDA, Fla. 
Punta Gorda is situated on Char- 
lotte Harbor, the most southern as 
well as the largest and deepest har- 
bor on the south-west coast of 
Florida, and has a population close 



to 2,500. It is now the central dis- 
uibuting point of the rich fruit, 
agricultural and cattle country which 
forms a semi-circle around it, embrac- 
ing an almost complete radius of 
200 miles. It is one of the gieatest 
phosphate and fish exporting ports 
in the world. It is in the heart of 
the most fertile soil in Florida, rich 
in its timber resources, and remark- 
able for its abundant fruit crops, 
and every possible variety of garden 
truck — in season far in advance of 
any other portion of the United 
Slates. The district surrounding 
Punta Gorda is below the frost line. 
The scenery around Punta Gorda is 
magnificent. The temperature never 
goes below 40* in winter and never 
above 96 in summer. 

ROCKLEDGE, Fla. 
Noted for its orange groves. Excur- 
sion from here to Fairy Land, City 
Point etc. Several large hotels board 
from $ 4,00 $ 2,50 a day. 

SANFORD, Fla. 
Sanford, the terminus of Clyde's 
St. John.s River Line, is one of the 
leading interior cities of this State. 
It is in direct communication with 
all the Northern cities by the Clyde's 
St. John's River Line and J., T. & 
K. W. Railway via Jacksonville. 
Southward it is the great distributing 
point for all parts of South Florida. 
It is the terminus of seven railroads, 
with a daily mail service north, south, 
east and west. Its sanitary condition 
is perfect, and the surrounding 
scenery delightful, while the many 
transportation routes give immediate 
access to the most famous natural 
curiosities in the State, with fine 
water works system, fire depart- 
ment, public works, churches, tele- 
graph office & banks. 

ST. AUGUSTINE, Fla. 

37 miles from Jacksonville via the 
St. Augustine & Indian River Rail- 
way, tn 1-1/2 hours; fare $ 1,50. 

At the Depot 3/4 mile from the 
town, omnibuses and carriages; 
25 cents per passenger and each 
trunk, 25 cents. 



90 



Post Office, Plaza de la Constitution. 

St. Augustine is one of the most 
attractive winter resorts in Florida 
connected with a romantic history. 
Old Spanish landmarks give an air 
of by-gone centuries to the place. 
Situated on a narrow slip of land, 
formed by the St. John's River, on 
the one side and the Atlantic Ocean 
on the other. The older streets are 
aU narrow; the old Spanish houses 
are built in "Coquina" and have all 
balconies. The climate is salubrious 
and the sea breezes from the 
Atlantic Ocean warm. Its superior 
attractions, as regards climate, roman- 
tic scenery and hotel accommodation, 
have made St. Augustine the winter 
home of thousands. The parks and 
squares flourish in tropical vegetation. 

TALLAHASSEE, Fla. 
, The Capital of Florida, 165 miles 
from Jacksonville, on the Florida 
Central & Peninsular R. R. 

Excursions: to Lake Jackson, 
6 miles; Lake Jumonia, 12 miles; 
Lake Microsuchie, 18 miles; Bellair, 
6 miles; Wakulla Spring, 15 miles; 
the Spring is four miles from 
Wakulla Station, the water is of 
wonderful transparency in the cir- 
cular basin, 600 feet in diameter. 

TAMPA, Fla. 
A well known winter resort, 240 
miles from Jacksonville and the 



terminus of the Floridi Central & 
Peninsular R. R. 

Tampa is the most important com- 
mercial center on the west coast of 
Florida. Population, 8000. Its cigar 
industry is becoming important. 



TARPON SPRINGS, Fla. 
Charmingly situated on the Anclote 
River and washed by the waters 
of the Gulf of Mexico. Tarpon 
Springs $ 3,00. 

TITUSVILLE, Fla. 
A town of 2500 inhabitants, reached 
by the Clyde's and St. John's River 
Line to Sanford.and Enterprise, con- 
necting these places with the T- R, 
Divisffin of the J. T. & K. W. Rail- 
way. County seat of Brevard County. 
The famous Turnbull "Hammock' 
begins on the northern edge of the 
town, extending for the distance of 
forty mUes, an unbroken body of 
most fertile soil. Opposite Titus- 
ville is Merritfs Island, a long trian 
gular island thirty miles long. 



WINTER PARK, Fla. 
Winter Park is situated on Lakes 
Osceola. Maitland, MizeU and Vir- 
ginia of the main remge and Kallar- 
ney, Sylvan and Berry Lakes, arms 
of the main chain. 



M 



GEORGIA. 



The aborigines of Georg-ia M^ere 
the Cherokees and the various tribes 
of the Creek Confederation. In 1540 
De Soto and his 600 Spaniards 
msirched to Silver Bluff, on the 
Savannah, 25 miles below Augusta; 
they traversed the Alleghanies and 
entered Alabama, looking every 
where for gold. In 1560 Tristan de 
Luna and 300 Spanish soldiers 
marched from Pensacola to Cherokee 
Georgia, and opened mines which 
were worked for over a century. 

Gen. James Edward Oglethorpe, 
a veteran of Prince Eugene of Savoy's 
staff, established Georgia as a place, 
where insolvents, prisoners for debt, 
and other unfortunates might begin 
the world anew, and where religious 
freedom should be accorded except 
to Catholics. Oglethorpe sailed from 
England in the Anne, and reached 
Savannah with 116 immigrants on 
February 1,1733. They were well 
received by the Creeks and soon 
spread out over other localities. In 
1736 John and Charles Wesley came 
over with parties of Methodists, in 
1738 George Whitefield founded the 
Bethesda Home near Savannah. 
During the war between England 
and Spain, in 1739, Oglethorpe led 
1000 men against St. Augustine, and 
was beaten off. In 1742 Don 
Manuel de Monteano attacked Fred- 
erica with 50 vessels and 5000 men, 
but was defeated by Gen. Oglethorpe 
and his Georgians. The onerous 
military duties demanded and the 
prohibition of slavery in 1750 
worked against the success of the 
colony. In 1755 Gov. Sir James 
Wright fled, and Georgia sent 



delegates to the Continental Congress! 
it was then a province of 70,000 
people. British fleets and armies 
captured Savannah, Augusta and 
Sanbury in 1778-79. After Charleston 
fell, Georgia was the scene of a 
bitter guerilla warfare, until Gen. 
Greene pacified the State. 

It is one of the 13 Original States. 
In 1803 the State ceded to the 
Republic 100000 square miles, west 
of the Chattahoochee, and out of 
this imperial domain Alabama and 
Mississippi were formed. In 1838 
the Cherokees were transported to 
the West. During the civil war the 
State suffered greatly. In 1860 
Georgia had 462,198 slaves and 
8,500 free negroes; m 1880 it had 
725,135 free colored people. Since 
1880, a rapid and healthy devel- 
opment has gone forward. The 
cotton shipments and cotton mills, 
the glassworks and other industries 
have risen to commanding propor- 
tions. 

The State is named after George 11, 
"who had graciously sanctioned a 
charter so liberzd in its provisions, 
and granted a territory so extensive 
and valuable for the encouragement 
of the plantation". It is now often 
often called „The Empire State of 
the South", in allusion to its rapid 
and enterprising industrial devel- 
opment. 

Georgia is the largest State east 
of the Mississippi; its area is 59,475 
square miles and it has a population 
of 1,837,358. 973,462 white and 
863,716 colored (18901. It is situated 
between 30" 21' to SS" N Latitude, 
and 80" 48' to 85" 40' N Longitude. 



92, 



AUGUSTA. Ga. 

Was laid out by General Oglethrope 
and named for an English Princess. 
It stands at the head of navig'ation 
on the Savannah River, which is 
crossed by a bridge leading to 
Hamburg, S. C. Augusta is the third 
city of Georgia in population, having 
33,300 inhabitants. 

Augusta possesses enormous water- 
power derived from the Augusta 
Cansd which brings the waters of 
the Savannah River to the city at 
an elevation of 40 feet; these water- 
power-canals cost about three million 
dollars. More brown goods are 
made here than any where else in 
America. 

Augusta receives yearly two-hun- 
dred thousand bales of cotton. 

About three miles from the city 
Summerville is situated on high hills ; 
the most charming view may be had 
from the suburb. The United States 
Arsenal is situated here. 

Augusta is 130 miles distant from 
Savannah via the Central of Georgia 
R. R. Nine railways converge at 
Augusta, the most important of them 
being the Southern Railway. 

Agents of the North German Lloyd : 

John Sancken, Augusta, Ga. 

ATLANTA, Ga. 

The capital of Georgia has a popu- 
lation of 65,533. 

Atlanta is situated 1,067 feet above 
the sea, and enjoys a cool and bracing 
highland climate. Numerous rtiilways 
center here and have caused the 
chaiTed ruins of 1865 to rise into a 
brilliant and beautiful modern city. 

Atlanta is called the "Gate City," 
because it is the gateway between 
the Great West and the Atlantic coast. 

The principal railroads are the 
Georgia R. R. ; Atlanta & West Point 
R. R.; Western & Atlantic R. R.; 
Cen tral Railroad of Georgia; Sox^them 
Railway Co.; and Georgia Ca rolina 
& Northern R. R. connecting Atlanta 
with every part of the country. 

Agents of the North GermanLloyd: 

E'd. E. Kirby, 4 Kimball House, 
Atlanta, Ga. 

Geo S. May, 705 Temple Court, 
Atlanta Ga. 



ATHENS, Ga. 

Situa!ted on the bank of the Oconee 
River with a population of 8,639 
inhabitants, is the classic city of 
Georgia. Among its educational 
institutions are the University of 
Georgia and the State College of 
agriculture. The OconeeRiverfumish- 
es water-power for its manufacturing 
enterprises which are exceedingly 
large; the annual business amountmg 
to upwards of ten-million dollars. 

It is 37 miles from Atlanta and is 
reached by the Central of Georgia 
R. R. 

BRUNSWICK, Ga. 

Nature seems to have lavished upon 
Brunswick a most prodigal variety 
of those things which make a desirable 
winter resort. Its climate is equable 
to a remarkable degree, warm and 
yet not enervating, cool and yet en- 
tirely free from chilliness. Oppor- 
tunities for excellent fishing and 
shooting seem limitless, and mUes 
of perfect shell roads stretch out 
along the sea, where driving and 
bicycling are delights. 

The town has about 8000 inhabi- 
tans and is situated, 60 mUes from 
Savannah and 70 miles from Jackson- 
ville, on a peninsula surrounded by 
salt water and sheltered by outer 
islands. 

To be reached from New York by 
the Penn. R. R. and S. Ry. 

CARTERSVILLE, Ga. 
A town on the Western & Atlan- 
tic R. R. With a population of some 
3,000 inhabitants, fifty - two miles 
from Dalton. It is the trade center 
for a broad rural country. 

COLUMBUS, Ga. 

Is situated on the east bank of the 
Chattahoochee River. It has over 
17,000 inhabitants and is also a large 
manufacturing center in the soutn. 
The river furnishes water power 
improved by a dam, five-himdred 
feet-long. The city is regularly laid 
out, and the residences are mostly 
surrounded by ample gardens. 

The most remarkable buildings 
are the Court House, the Springer 
Opera House, the Presbyterian 
Church, Temperance Hall, etc. 



93 



Railroads: Central of Georgia; 
Columbus Southern; Columbus & 
Rome; Georgia Midland & Gulf. 

DALTON, Ga, 

A town of some 30,000 inhab- 
itants at the junction of three rail- 
ways. The town has historical 
importance as the initial point of 
the famous compaign of 1864. Gen. 
J. E. Johnston had strongly for- 
tified the place, but the position 
was out flanked by Gen. W. T. Sher- 
man and the Confederates had to 
evacuate the position. 

Railroads: Virginia & Georgia; 
Western & Atlantic ; Atlantic & East 
Tennesse. 

GAINESVILLE, Ga. 
On the Southern Railway, is a town 
of 3,200 inhabitants and the seat of 
Georgia Semin2iry and Gainesville 
College. 

LA GRANGE, Ga. 
71 miles from Atlanta via the 
Atlanta & West Point R. R. lies La 
Grange noted throughout the State 
for its educational establishments. 
It has 3,000 inhabitants. 

MACON, Ga. 

Macon has 22,750 inhabitants and 
is one of the most populous cities 
of Georgia. It is situated on the 
Ocmulgee which is here crossed by 
a bridge; the city is regularly laid 
out and well built and is embowered 
in trees and shrubbery. The princ- 
ipal buildings are the United States 
Building, the Court House, and the 
Academy of Music. Macon is the 
seat of the State Academy of the 
blind located in an imposing brick 
edifice. 

Mercer University is a prosperous 
institution with a good library; the 
Wesleyan Female College has a wide 
reputation. 

Macon is the center of the Cen- 
tral of Georgia R. R. System. 

MARIETTA, Ga. 
A town of 3,400 inhabitants twenty 
miles from Atlanta on the Western 
& Atlantic R. R. and has a delight- 
ful climate and is therefore a favorite 
health resort. It is the site of the 



National Cemetery in which are 
buried ten- thousand Federal Sol- 
diers. 

Two and a half miles from Mari- 
etta is Kennesaw Mountain which 
overlooks a vast extent of country. 

MILLEDGEVILLE, Ga. 
The former capital of the State, 
on the Georgia R. R., 93 miles 
from Augusta. The State Peniten- 
tiary and the Georgia Asylum for 
the Insane are situated here. The 
town has 3,000 inhabitants. 

ROME, Ga. 

With a population of 7,000 inhab- 
itants is the most important town 
of Northern Georgia situated on 
Coosa River on the northern high- 
lands; it is not alone a well known 
trade center and cotton depot, but 
also a much frequented health 
resort. 

To be reached by the Southern 
Railway Co. 

SAVANNAH, Ga. 

Savannah is reached from New , 
York by steamers, leaving Pier 34, 
North River, three times a week. 
Time 55 hours; fare $20,00. There 
are also steamers to Savannah from 
Philadelphia twice a week; from 
Boston and Baltimore once a week. 
The Railway connections Jire excel- 
lent by the Southern Railway, the 
Atlantic Coast Line, the Charleston 
& Savannah the Savannah, Flor- 
ida & Western and the Central of 
Georgia. 

Savannah is the commercial me- 
tropolis of Georgia. The city is 
situated on the South bank of the 
Savannah River, 18 miles from its 
mouth. 

Savannah received a city charter 
in 1789. In 1850 it had 15,000 in- 
habitants; in 1890, 43,189. 

In the center of Savannah is a 
handsome fountain, after the model 
of that in the Place de la Concorde, 
Paris, and a stately Confederate Mon- 
ument stands in the new portion. 
Near the center of the city is Mon- 
ument Square, containing a fine 
Doric obelisk erected to the memory 
of General Greene. In Monterey 



94 



Square stands the Pulaski Monument, 
one of the most perfect specimens 
of monumental architecture in the 
United States. The monument cov- 
ers the spot where Pulaski fell dur- 
ing an attack upon the city while it 
was occupied by the British in 1779. 
The bronze statue of Sergeant Jasper 
stands in Madison Square. In Court- 
House Square is a Monument erected 
in memory of WUliam W. Gordon, 
the first president of the Central 
Railroad & Banking Co. 

In the vicinity of Savannah are 
some places of picturesque beauty; 
White Bluff, Montgomery, Beaulieu, 
Isle of Hope jind Thunderbolt are 
all rural retreats on "The Salts", 



where in the summer months salt- 
water bathing may be enjoyed. 
Agents of the N orth German Lloyd : 
H. Salomon & Sons, Savannah, Ga, 

THOMASVILLE, Ga. 

Thomasville, the "Garden City of 
the South," is situated in the very 
heart of the high pine section of 
Georgia, only twelve miles north of 
the Florida State line. It is one 
of the best known and most popular 
health resorts of the South. 

To be reached by the Peimsyl- 
vania R. R. and Southern Railway 
and Central R. R. of Georgia and 
the Plant System. 



95 



IDAHO. 



Idaho is an Indian word signifying 
"Gem of the Mountains," a very 
appropriate term for the queenly 
young State. It is 410 miles long, 
and 257 wide in the extreme south, 
and has an area of over 55,000,000 
acres. There are 18,400.000 acres 
classed as mountainous, 15,000,000 
agricultural lands, 7,000,000 acres 
of forests, 20,000,000 acres of lands, 
and 600,000 acres of lakes. This 
may be well called an imperial 
domain, consisting as it does, of 
84,000 square miles. Idaho was 
admitted to the Union as a State 
July 3, 1890. 

Idaho is in the same latitude as 
France, Switzerland, and portions 
of Italy, Spain, and Portugal. It is 
subject to oceanic influences very 
similar to those countries, and neces- 
sarily has a somewhat similar cUmate, 
All this region is neai" enough to the 
Pacific Ocean to be very noticeably 
affected by its currents. 

The State of Idaho is divided into 
two distinct sections by the Salmon 
River Mountains. The Union Pacific 
System and the Northern Pacific 
Railway are the principal transporta- 
tion companies in the state. 

BOISE CITY, Idaho. 
From Shoshone Station, passing 
westward, the next tovrai of import- 
ance is Boise City, which is now 
reached from Nampa, via the Idaho 
Central branch of the Union Pacific 
System. Boise City is nineteen miles 
from Nampa, and has an elevation 
of 2,840 feet. It has a population of 
7,000, good hotel accommodations, 



and is a point of interest to the 
tourist. Boise City is the largest, 
wealthiest, and most attractive town 
in the State, with good schools and 
pleasant homes. It is in the center 
of the Idaho fruit-belt. A great 
many medicinal springs are to be 
found within the immediate neigh- 
borhood of Boise City, easy of access, 
and possessing many charms, both 
of water and scenery. 

The streets are wide and clean, 
and have good crossings, and the 
dense growth of shade trees on each 
side of all the streets makes the 
avenues delightfully shady and 
pleasant. The business part of the 
town is substantially built with brick 
and stone, a city ordinance forbidding 
the erection of wooden buildings 
within certain limits. 

Five miles above Boise City, up 
the Boise Valley, are a dozen or 
more hot springs. Some are boiling 
hot, while others are moderately 
wann. The drive to the springs is 
through a thickly settled portion of 
the suburbs of the city, studded on 
either side by beautiful orchards and 
groves, laden at the proper season 
with the most delicious fruits. The 
United States penitentiary is passed 
a quarter of a mile to the left, when 
we soon come near the river bank, 
where a bluff two miles or more in 
length forms the immense stone 
quarries that furnish building material 
for Boise City and Southern Idaho. 
We next reach the large farm and 
stock ranch which belongs to the 
springs property, the springs lying 
in a large cove or gulch to the right, 



96 



a portion of the water falling over 
thirty feet in height, forming a pictur- 
esque appearance, causing admiration 
and astonishment to the beholder. 
This is one of the loveliest drives out 
of Boise City, and a place of great 
resort for the people of the city and 
visitors who come to the capital. 

BURKE, Idaho. 
M. U. R. Coeur d'Alene Branch. 
Population 900, has eight stores, 
two public halls, one hotel, etc. 
Mining is the chief industry, the 
Tiger and Poorman mines and their 
concentrators being located here. 
Other mines are being rapidly 
developed. 

CLARK'S FORK, Idaho. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 150, 
is surrounded with timber and ag- 
ricidtural lands. Lead and silver 
in surrounding mountains. Located 
three miles from mouth of Clark's 
Fork River. Two stores, one hotel, 
saw and shingle mUls, water power, 
etc. Fine white fish, speckled and 
salmon trout fishing. 

CCEUR D'ALENE CITY, Idaho. 

M. U. R. Ft. Sherman Branch- 
Population 800, is inKootenai county, 
beautifully situated on Lake Cceur 
d'Alene. It is growing rapidly and 
now has four general merchandise 
stores, one graded school, one 
hardware store, two hotels, four 
churches, a saw mill, shingle mill, 
weekly paper, water-works plant, etc. 
This is the chief shipping point to 
the Coeur d'Alene mines, connec- 
tion being made with the Ft. 

GENESEE, Idaho. 
M. U. R. Palouse & Lewiston 
Branch. Population 1,300, is the 
present terminus of the Palouse 
branch. It has two hotels, eleven 
stores, two banks, flour mill, electric 
lights, graded schools, four churches, 
three livery stables, seven elevators 
(which handle one million bushels 
grain per year), cigar factory, brew- 
ery, four saloons, three lumber yards, 
blacksmith shops, two newspapers, 
etc. The country surroundmg is 
very productive and well adapted to 
the raising of fruits and vegetables 



of all kinds, wheat, flax, oats, barley, 
hay, etc. Four nules distant is the 
Nez Perce Reservation, which is one 
of the productive farming coimtries 
in Idaho, and is a very fine fruit 
country. It is shipping point for 
a large number of cattle and hogs. 

GREAT SHOSHONE FALL, Id. 

It is a three hours' run from 
Pocatello to Shoshone Station. From 
Shoshone to the Falls is twenty-four 
miles, and the method of travel is 
either, by stage-coach or private 
conveyance. Good teams there are 
in abundance, and the distance is 
made in three and one-half hours. 
But after one has driven the allotted 
time, there are no signs of the Falls ; 
the same desert stretches around, 
and a purple mountain chain in the 
far south seems to be the ultimate 
goal. With-in the last mile or so a 
few lava ridges have sprung up, and 
passing suddenly around one of 
these, we find ourselves in a natural 
gate, and there below, a sheer 1,200 
feet, lies the Snake River, and then 
we hear for the first time the music 
of the Falls. A steep road brings 
us down to the ferry. The water 
here, 200 yards above the Falls, is 
over 200 feet deep, and of a greenish 
color. The ferry is a very substan- 
tial affair, worked by an under-water 
wire cable, and another safety wire 
cable above, reaching from bank to 
bank. The cosy hotel is all that 
could be desired in cuisine and 
menage, and at the very door one 
stands and looks down at the Falls. 
Shoshone differs from every other 
waterfall in this or the old country. 
It is its lonely grandeur that im- 
presses one so deeply; aU of the 
other historic places have the ad- 
juncts of civilization, and one is almost 
overshadowed by a city while in 
their presence. The encroachments 
of men haVe taken away from the 
charm of Nature. But Shoshone is 
as lonely as when first this rushing 
river sprang through those towering 
canon walls. The height of the 
chasm above and below the Falls 
varies from 1,050 to 1,000 feet, and 
there is eighteen miles of this gorge. 
The fall proper measures 950 feet 
across, and the Bridal "Veil, which is 



97 



only a few yaxds back of the great 
fall, 125 feet. Down through this 
appalling rent the river plunges, 
takes a flying leap of eighty-two 
feet at first, and then falling thun- 
derously 210 feet into the boiling 
basin below. It is three miles up 
the river to Twin Falls; six miles 
to Blue Lake, a charming bit of 
water seventy-five feet deep and as 
clear as crystal; one-half mile to the 
Vaulted Dome ; one-half mile to the 
Locomotive Cave; a mile and a 
quarter to the lower Cascade Falls, 
and one and one-half miles to the 
DevU's Corral. The hotel is situated 
on the bank over-looking the Great 
Falls, not twenty feet from the biiak, 
and affords a view of Bridal VeU, 
Bridal Train, Natural Mill Race Falls, 
Eagle Rock, and Bell's Island. 

HAILEY, Idaho. 

Hailey is situated just where Quig- 
ley and Croy gulches unite with the 
Wood River valley, the junction 
affording a fine view m four dh'ections, 
embracing well- cultivated ranches, 
and ending with the foothills. It is 
reached by the U. P. R. R. The 
climate is mild and even, and the 
roads, stretching away on all sides, 
are perfect. The mines at Hailey 
possess much of interest to the 
tourist, and a good hotel furnishes 
accommodations. 

One-and-a— half miles from Hailey 
are the famous Hailey Hot Springs. 
The ride or walk thither is very 
pleasant, leading through a pictui- 
esque little valley, and the location, 
in a lovely glen in sight of several 
rich mines, is very pleasing. Large 
volumes of water of a temperature 
of 150 ", and containing sulphate of 
soda, iron, magnesia, sulphur, and 
other desirable ingredients, are found 
in scores of springs. Commodious 
swimming-baths are provided. 

The largest hospitcd of Alturas 
County is near. A two-mile drive 
from Hailey takes the tourist to the 
beautiful valley of Croy Gulch, with 
an altitude of about 5,300 feet. The 
Bolton Hot Springs, five miles from 
Hailey, are also very efficacious in 
relieving and curing rheumatism. 
Bellevue, five miles south of HaOey, 
is a pretty little town. 



HAUSER JUNCTION, Idaho. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. This is the 
junction point with the Fort Sherman 
Branch, running to Coeur d'Alene 
City, where connection is made with 
the Coeur d'Alene Branch of the 
Northern Pacific Railway for all the 
principal points in the mines of the 
Coeur d'Alene district. Fine trout 
fishing necir. Large hay and wool 
shipments. 

HOPE, Idaho. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 300, 
on the north shore of Lake Pend 
d'OreiUe, is principally noted as a 
resort for summer tourists. Good 
boats and guides at reasonable rates. 
Hotel charges, $ l4 per week. Hope 
has three hotels, four general stores, 
school, lumber yard, etc. Steamers 
make daily trips to aU points on the 
lake. The hunting is unexcelled, 
large and smedl game being found 
in abundance. The lake supphes the 
very best of game fish. The change 
from "Mountain" to "Pacific" New 
Standard Time is made here. This 
is the junction of the Rocky Moun- 
tain and Idaho Divisions. 

JXJLIAETTA, Idaho. 
M. U. R. Palouse & Lewiston 
Branch. Population 300, is situated 
in the center of Latah County, one 
of the finest grain counties in the 
west, has three general stores, one 
hotel, bank, brewery, three grain 
warehouses, one tlour mill, fine 
public school, two churches, weekly 
newspaper. 

KENDRICK, Idaho. 
M. U. R. Palouse & Lewiston 
Branch. Population 900, has nine 
stores, one bank, flouring mill, one 
sash and door factory, three grain 
warehouses, one elevator, two church- 
es, two hotels, harness shop, two 
weekly newspapers, electric lights, 
water-works, and a brick-yard. Geo- 
graphical center of 65 square miles 
of some of the finest fruit and farm- 
ing lemd in this section. 

KETCHUM, Idaho. 
Ketchum, a rapidly growing town 
of about 400 to 500 people, lies 
thirteen miles north of Hailey, cind 



98 



is beautifully situated at the head of 
the Wood River Valley. It is reached 
by the U. P. R. R. At Ketchum, 
Wood River is as clear as crystal 
and rich in the finest of mountain 
trout. The vicinity surrounding 
affords good hunting, and alt and 
bear abound. The mines round about 
'Ketchum are large and will well 
repay inspection. The Guyer Hot 
Springs, two miles by stage from 
Ketchum, are noted for their med- 
icinal waters, and are of high repute 
throughout the neighboring country. 
There are many objects of interest, 
both for the tourist and pleasure- 
seeker, in and about Ketchum, The 
scenery is beautiful and the climate 
all that could be desired. 

LEWISTON, Idaho. 
M. U. R. Palouse & Lewiston 
Branch. Oldest town in State, the 
county seat of Nez Perce County, is 
situated at junction of Snake and 
Clearwater rivers, five miles from 
western boundary of Nez Perce 
Indian Reservation, which is now 
open to settlement. Is but ten miles 
from Uniontown, where stage makes 
trip continuous to Lewiston; fare, 
$ 1. The Nez Perce Reservation, 
now thrown open, together with a 
very extensive farming country and 
fruit land, lies tributary to the Palouse 
Country and depends very largely 
upon it for supplies. Lewiston has 
a population of 2,600, two National 
banks, one flouring mill, one chop 
mill, planing mill, waterworks, elec- 
tric lights, two saw mills, four hotels, 
fifty stores, five livery stables. United 
States land office, State Normal 
School, opera house, water power, etc. 

MISSION. Idaho. 
M. U. R. Coeur D'Alene Branch. 
Is the transfer point between the 
boats and railroad. 

MOSCOW, Idaho. 
M. U. R. Palouse & Lewiston 
Branch. Population 3,000, is the 
county seat of Latah county, has 
three hotels, three banks, thirty-five 
general stores, two jewelry stores, 
three drug stores, three restaurants, 
nine churches. State University, 
Agricultural College and experiment 



station, two public school buildings, 
town hall, water-works, telephone 
exchange, electric-light plant, plan- 
ing mill, and factory, livery, stables, 
etc. The main line of the Palouse 
runs through Moscow to Juliaetta. 
Surrounding country very rich farm- 
ing country. Valuable opal mines 
are near by, also gold placer mines 
in adjacent mountains. 

MULLAN, Idaho. 
M. U. R. Coeur d'Alene Branch 
Population 500, has three general 
merchandise stores, two hotels, town 
hall, two livery stables, hardware 
store, drug store, church, school, 
book store, planing mill, lumber 
yard, water-works, electric lights, etc. 
Mining is the chief industry. The 
Gold Hunter and Morning mines 
and their concentrators are located 
here. 

OSBORN, Idaho. 
M. U. R. Coeur D'Alene Branch. 
Population 200, located on the south 
fork of the Coeur d'Alene River, has 
two hotels, planing mill, school, 
church, two stores, etc. "The 
Knickerbocker", "Nellie". "Mineral 
Point", and "Killbuck" mines, all 
valuable properties, are located here 
and being rapidly developed. 

POCATELLO, Id. 
A railroad town of 5000 inhab- 
itants, lacking any particular charm 
of scenery or environment, but is 
recommended by the Union Pacific 
as a very convfenient poiiit for head- 
quarters, while "doing" Idaho and 
Montana. The Pacific Hotel, near 
the station, has a good reputation. 

POST FALLS, Idaho. 
M. U. R. Ft. Sherman Branch. 
Population 600; situated on the 
north bank' of Spokane River, which 
furnishes excellent water power. 
It has sash and door factory, saw 
mill, flour mill (roller), shingle mill, 
woolen mill, five stores, creamery, 
hotel, school, two churches, water 
works, etc., surrounded by valuable 
mining and lumber district. Over 
$125,000 expended in improving and 
developing water power. Game: 
Prairie chicken, pheasant and ducks. 



99 



Excellent trout fishing. Shipments: 
Lumber, flour and grain. 

RATHDRUM, Idaho. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Has a population 
of 500; water works, two hotels, 
eight stores, court house, three 
churches, two halls, two newspapers, 
school, saw mill,' and a brewery. 
Stock constitutes the principal ship- 
ment. Game and fish abundant. 

SAND POINT, Idaho. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 375, 
is situated on Lake Pend d'Oreille. 
The surrounding country is heavily 
timbered. Has four stores, hotel, 
lime kiln, box and barrel factory, 
saw and shingle mill, etc. This is 
the shipping point for the upper 
Kootenai country. Trout fishing 
unexcelled, and game pleritiful. 

SODA SPRINGS, Id. 

This famous resort has become 
well known to tourists only within 
the past few years. The new hotel, 
the Idanha, elegant and commodious, 
meets all requirements for ease and 
comfort, while the sanitaiy effects of 
the waters are incomparable. 

Soda Springs has an elevation of 
5,780 feet above sea level. 

There are trains by way of Pocatello 
or Gi'anger; and through passengers 
may reach it from the east or west. 
The temperature is beautifully even 
and mild in summer. 

There are thirteen springs within 
a radius of half a mile from the 
hotel. The first one, 200 feet from 
the hotel, bubbles from the top of a 
conical mound. Swan Lake, six 
miles east, is a beautiful sheet of 
water of unknown depth. Formation 
Springs, five miles northeast, shows 
some curious eifects of lime deposit, 
petrifying moss, leaves, and twigs 
perfectly. Hooper Spring, one and 
one-half miles distant, is a beauty; 
but all pale into insignificance before 



the Manrmoth Spring. This is five 
miles from the station. The road 
leads one to a level stretch of prairie 
covered with waving grass rimmed 
in by foothills. One walks to the 
very margin of the spring before it 
is discovered, so completely is it 
hidden; and there within a circle of 
a few yards a dozen springs form a 
pool. The water is intensely blue 
and very deep. 

VOLLMER, Idaho. 
M. U. R. Palouse & Lewiston 
Branch. Population 500, six stores, 
two hotels, graded schools, two 
newspapers, and town hall. Center 
of large lumber and wheat districts. 

WALLACE, Idaho. 
M. U. R. Coeur d'Alene Branch. 
Population 2,500, has thirty-seven 
stores, four hotels, two livery stables, 
bank, newspaper, electric-light and 
water -works plants, brewery, one 
bottling works, and two lumber yards. 
The Northwest Milling and Sampling 
Co. have large sampling works at 
this point. The shops of the Coeur 
d'Alene Branch are located here. 

WARDNER, Idaho. 
M. U. R. Coeur D'Alene Branch. 
Population 1,000, has one church, 
school, hotel, public hall, several 
stores, etc. It is the diverging point, 
and only one and one-half miles 
from Weudner, at which place are 
located some of the principal silver 
and lead mines of the Coeur d'Alene 
district, notably, the Bunker Hill, 
Sierra Nevada, "Stemwinder", Emma 
and Last Chance consolidated, and 
Sullivan. The output of concentrated 
and crude ores from this point 
reaches 100 tons daily. Four con- 
centrators give emplo3'^ment to 
hundreds of men. Wardner is the 
principal supply point in the mines 
for prospectors. 



too 



ILLINOIS. 



In 1673 Father Marquette, the 
famous missionary, and Louis joliet, 
a Canadian fur trader, crossed Wis- 
consin by the Fox and Wisconsin 
Rivers, and descended the Mississippi, 
being the first white men to see 
Illiuois, whose peoj)le welcomed them 
with the peace-pipe. In i68o La 
Salle and Hennepin founded Fort 
Creve-Coeur on the Mississippi, and 
an important commerce between the 
inhabitants of its valley and the 
Corderers of the great lakes was 
established. The French Colony had 
its government first in Quebec, and 
then in New Orleans. In 1763 Illinois 
was ceded to England. After the 
Revolutionary war Illraois became 
a part of the JSTorthwest Territory. 
In 1809 the territory of Illinois was 
organised, including Wisconsin, 
Michigan and Minnesota. The popula- 
tion at that .time was about 12,000 
of white color. In l8l8 Illinois was 
admitted as a State. Since that time 
there has been a great development, 
especially of the metropolis Chicago, 
numbering now nearly 2,000,000 
inhabitants. In the great civU war 
Illinois sent out for the freedom of 
all men no less than 156 regiments 
of infantry and 17 of cavalry and 
33 batteries, numbering 259,092 men.- 

The population was in 



i860 
1870 
1880 
1890 



1,711,951 
2,539,891 
3,077,871 
3,826,351. 



ALTON, 111. 
A manufacturing town with 10,294 
inhabitants, on a plateau overlooking 
the Mississippi, three miles above 



the confluence of this river with the 
Missouri. Lime and buildiag-stone 
are largely exported, it has a good 
river navigation and is well connected 
by several railroads all over the 
country. There are a great many 
chmxhes and also a bishoprie, since 
1868 with a Roman Catholic Cathe- 
dral. — Railroads: C. & A. ; St. Louis, 
Alton & Springfield. 

AURORA, 111. 

A manufacturing town and raikoad 
center, south-west of Chicago, has 
19,688 iahabitants and is said to 
have been the first city that lighted its 
streets with electric light 'in 1881. 
It was the first town to open a free 
public school. 

BELLEVILLE, 111. 

A thriving town about 17 miles 
from East St. Louis. 

BLOOMINGTON, 111. 

A handsomely built town of 20,484 
inh. with many manufactories and 
educational institutions. Amongst 
the most prominent is the „Illiaois 
Wesleyan University" (Methodist) 
with 200 students and a librarv of 
15,000 volumes. The Major Temale 
College and a Female Seminary are 
worth naming. It also has many 
fine edifices. Near Bloomington, at 
Normal, the State Normal Univer- 
sity was founded, it has 16 
instructors and 720 students. Rail- 
roads: Chicago Burlington and 
Northern; C. C. C. and St. Louis; 
I. C: L. E. 



101 



CAIRO, 111. 

At the confluence of the Ohio and 
Mississippi, has 10,324 inh.; the 
stopping point for steamers but is 
not of any consideration having not 
fulfilled the expectations set thereon. 
During the civil war Col. Yates 
garrisoned it and made it a depot 
of supplies. — Railroads: C. C. C. 
&St.L. 

CENTRALIA, 111. 

A junction point of several rail- 
ways, with a population of 4,763, a 
thriving town with factories, coal- 
mines and large fruit cultivation. 

CHAMPAIGN, 111. 
A town of 5,838 inh. at the 
intersection of the Cleveland, Cin- 
cinnati, Chicago and St. Louis R. R. 
There are the Illinois University, a 
female academy and a public library. 

CHICAGO, see page 104. 
DECATUR, 111. 
North of Springfield, has a pop- 
ulation of 16,841 souls, was the first 
place in which the Army of the Re- 
public was mustered, in April 1866 
by Major Stephenson, the comrades 
then numbering twelve, now they 
amount to 40,000; the Silver Anni- 
versary of the event was commem- 
orated in 1891 by a National 
Memorial Hall, a storehouse of re- 
cords and curiosities, a temple of 
patriotism. The Soldier Home has 
900 inmates, living in pretty cottages. 
— Railroads: I. C. ; Indianopolis, 
Decatur & Western; Wabash. 

DUQUOIN, 111. 

A flourishing city, with a popula- 
tion of 4,052, chief market-place for 
Illinois tobacco; coaling mining is 
carried on extensively; cotton 
growing, fruit raising and general 
agriculture; terminus of the St. 
Louis R. R. 

ELGIN, 111. 

A very busy town with 17,823 
inhabitants, it has all kinds of factor- 
ies, especially "Watch Works", 
many fine churches and an Insane 
Infirmary. 

EVANSTON, lU. 

On Lake Michigan, a pretty place 
for excursions from Chicago and 



has Norwegian, l)anish and Swedish 
theological schools; Northwestern 
University organised by Methodists 
in 1855. 

EAST ST. LOUIS, 111., 
is a growing town with many indus- 
tries, it belongs more to St. Louis 
(Mo) than to Illinois, and is connec- 
ted with the latter city by the 
splendid Eads Bridge. 

GALENA, 111. 

On the top of the Fevre Bluffs, 
an important lead- mining town with 
5,685 inh. in the northwestern part 
of the state. There is a fine statue 
of General Grant here. — Railroads: 
C. B. & N.; C. & N. W.; L C. 

GALESBURG, 111. 
Situated in the midst of a rich 
farming country, with 15,264 inhab- 
itants; the seat of Knox College 
and Lombard University, both 
admitting lady-students. Railroads: 
Chicago, Burlington & Quincy; 
Chicago, St. Fe & California. 

JACKSONVILLE, 111. 

On the Wabash Line, at the inter- 
section of several railroads, it has 
10,740 inhabitants, is the seat of the 
State Institution for the Education 
of the Deaf and Dumb, institutions 
for Blind, Insane and feebleminded 
and a high school for Woman. — 
Railroads: Chicago Burliagton and 
Northern; Jacksonville and S. E.; 
Wabash. 

JOLIET, 111. 

40 miles south west of Chicago, 
on the Des Plaines River, has a 
population of 23,364 inh. It is the 
prmcipal shipping point for the pro- 
ducts of the surrounding country, 
has large quarries of white and blue 
limestone. — Railroads: C. B. & N.; 
C. R. I. & P.; C. St. Fe & Cal.; 
Michigan Central. 

KANKAKEE, 111. 

Nicely situated on the Kankakee 
River, a tributary of the Illinois, an 
important manufacturing town and 
many quarries of limestone. The 
Insane Asylum is one of the largest 
establishments on the village system. 
The town has a population of 9,02S. 
— Railroads .• C. C. C. & St. Louis ; I. G 



102 



MOLINE, m. 
On the east bank of the Mississippi, 
,a thriving town of 13,634 mh. 
with many factories, and is surrotinded 
by a country rich in coal. 

MONMOUTH, m. 
Situated in a beautiful prairie with 
4936 inhabitants; seat of the The- 
ological Seminary of the North- 
west and Monmouth College, noted 
for their educational advantages. 

• OTTAWA, 111. 
An important railway center on 
the Illinois river, where the Fox river 
empties into it, and on the Illinois 
& Michigan Canal. The Fox river 
has a fall of 29 ft, affording an 
immense water-power which is 
extensively used in manufactures. 
There are several grain - elevators, 
and large quantities of wheat and 
coal are shipped from here. The 
city has more than 10,000 inh., is 
handsomely built and lighted with 
electricity. The State Court-House, 
in which the Supreme-Court of the 
northern division of the State is 
held, and the Country Court-House 
are the most prominent public 
buildings. 

PEORIA, lU. 
41,024 inhabitants, situated on 
beautiful Lake Peoria, has many fine 
public buildings, large elevators, im- 
portant manulactures, a great export 
trade in corn and oats. — Railroads: 
C. B. & Q.; Ch. R. I. & P.; C. C. 
C. & St. K.; Iowa Central; J. &. S. 
E.; L. E. & W. 
Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
Germ. Amer. Nat. B'k, Peoria, lU. 



QUINCY, 111. 
A handsome town on a limestone 
bluff above the Mississippi, with 
31,494 inhabitants. It was founded 
in 1822, has many new public build- 
ings, a large industry in flour-miU- 
ing, as well as ia meatpackiag etc. 
There are several parks and ceme- 
teries and large Fair Grounds of 



about 80 acres. It is the cenlei 
of three railway-lines. Railroads: 
Chicago, Burlington and Quincy; 
Wabash; Chicago, Pekin and S. E. ; 
Illinois and St. Louis; Louisville 
and Nashville. 

ROCKFORD, m. 
On both sides of Rock River, 
a busy manufacturing town; there 
are iron foundries, machine-shops, 
agricultaral implements, brewerie? 
woolen-mills, with a population of 
13,584. — Rock/ord Seminary serves 
the educational interests of the town; 
it is a railway terminus of the Chicago 
and N. W. R. R. and headquarters 
of the Third Infantry. — Railroads: 
Chicago & Iowa; C. M. & St. P.; 
I. C. 

ROCK ISLAND, 111. 

A flourishing town of 13,634 id- 
habitants, with large factories on the 
Mississippi, the terminus of the 
Michigan and Mississippi Canal. It 
takes its name from an island in the 
river, where there is a State Arsenal. 
— Railroads: C. B. & Q.; C. M. & 
St. P.; C. R. L & P. 

SPRINGFIELD, 111., 
The capital of Illinois since 1837 
and lies m a rich fanning and coal- 
mining coutry, south of the Sangamon 
River. It has been called "the Flower 
Garden" by reason of its beauty and 
surroundings; it is a beautifully 
built town with many factories and 
24,963 inh. The State Capitol is a 
splendid building. In Oak Ridge 
Cemetery, 2 miles north of the town 
is the burial place of Abraham 
Lincoln with a beautiful monument, 
erected by the Lincoln Monument 
Association. Near Springfield, is 
Camp Lincoln, The State Carnp of 
Instruction, troops are often stationed 
there for military duty, they have 
often rendered valuable services in 
time of riot and strikes. — Railroads : 
C. & A.; L C; St. L. & C; Wabash. 

WAUKEGAN, 111. 
On the boundary line of Wiscon- 
sin; a summer-resort and export 
town. — Railroads: C. & N. W.; 
Waukegan & S. W. 



t08 



n 



CHICAGO. 



Map of Chicago: An elaborate 
map of Chicago is added to the 
description of the City. 

Railroad Depots. Chicago is the 
center of 76,865 miles of railroad. 
Seven terminal depots accommodate 
the trains of thirty-five different 
companies, and about 100 way- 
stations within the city limits provide 
for the convenience of local pas- 
sengers. The Union Depot, Canal 
Street, used by the Pittsburg, Fort 
Wayne & Chicago, the Chicago, 
Burlington & Quincy, Chicago, 
Milwaukee & St. Paul, and other 
railroads; the depot of the Michigan 
Southern and Rock Island roads, 
Van Buren Street; that of the 
Chicago & North -Western, Wells 
and Eanzie streets; Dearborn Station, 
Dearborn and Polk streets, and the 
Grand Central Depot, are among 
the most prominent buildings in the 
city. 

The following list of some railways, 
depots, and ticket offices will be 
found useful: 

Baltimore & Ohio. Grand Central 
Depot, Fifth Avenue and Harrison 
Street. City tiket office, 193 Clark 
Street. 

Chicago & Grand Trunk. Depot, 
Polk Street and Third Avenue. 
General office, Monadnock Building, 
cor. Jackson and Dearborn streets. 
Central ticket office, 103 Clark Street. 

Chicago, Burlington & Quincy. 
Union Depot, Canal and Adams 
streets. West Side. City ticket office, 
211 Clark Street. Quincy Building. 



Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & 
vSt. Louis ("The Big 4"). Illinois 
Central Depot, foot of Lake and 
Randolph streets. Central ticket office, 
234 Clark Street. 

Chica^, St. Lotiis & Pittsburg. 
Union Depot, Canal and Adcims 
streets. 

Louisville, New Albany & Chicago 
("Monon Route"). Depot, Polk 
Street and Third Avenue. General 
offices, 198 Customhouse court. City 
office, 73 Clark Street. 

Michigan Central. Depot, foot of 
Lake and Randolph streets. General 
office 119 Adam street. 

Union Pacific. City ticket office, 
191 Clark Street. 

Wisconsin Central Line. Grand 
Central Depot, Harrison Street and 
P'ifth Avenue. City ticket office, 
205 Clai-k Street. 

Twenty-eight railroads, operating 
forty systems, with nearly 40,000 
miles of road, converge and center 
in Chicago, thus making it the 

freatest railroad city of the world, 
wo hundred and sixty-two through, 
express, and mail trains arrive or 
leave each day. In the same period, 
6601ocal, suburban, or accommodation 
trains arrive or depart; 274 merch- 
andise freight trains, and l64 grain, 
stock, and lumber trains reaching 
Chicago or leaving it in every twenty- 
four hours; thus making a grand 
total of 1,360 as the average daily 
movement of all classes of trains, an 
aggregate reached by no other city 
in the universe. 



104 



♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦«♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ 



CHICAGO tOM02 RANDOLPH ST. 

I gegeniiber dem Schiller-Tlieater. 



@r8sste Dentsche Buchhandlnng 

im "We s t e n 



FUHRER * KARTEN * ANSICHTEN 

* * REISE-LEKTURE in grosster Auswakl 



59 FOUNTAIN PENS. 



♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ 



F =^ 



J 



"WfM 



RESTAURANT, WINE and BEER HALL 

Furnished Rooms with or without Board 

28 Dearborn Avenue. ^^ 



_3 BERNHARD GOHRBAND, Prop. CHICAGO. -. 



CARL B 

Northside Turnhall 
RismRrrk 


iUNGE 

> famous 64 

and gs^j^asv^o- 
Garden-Concerts. 


CHICAGO. 



lOla 




CHICAGO. 



WALKER & CO. 

COMMISSION MERCHANTS. 

Grain 5^rovisions, Stocks, Sonds 

Investment and Securities. "^^ 

MEMBERS of the NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE. 
„ CHICAGO BOARD OF TRADE. 
„ CHICAGO STOCK EXCHANGE. 

21 Pacific Avenue, CHICAGO. 



° II o II " !i " I •■ I " ri Q 



Q) 




fRIEDRICH's PE8TADRANT 

415 NORTH CLARK STREET \ 

and CHICAGO. 

1357 NORTH CLARK STREET. ) 

Best well known Restaurants on the North Side. 
60 Established since 1886. 

Mrs. M. FRIEDRICH. GEORG E. FRIEDRICH jr. 

c 



104d 



BAGGAGE TRANSFERS AND 
DELIVERY. 

Various thoroughly reliable coni- 
panies, at moderate charges, will 
convey baggage from or to the depots, 
or to any city address. The Frank 
Parmelee Company is to be found 
at any depot, or Brink's City Express 
reached by inquiry of a hotel clerk. 

Outgoing Baggage. When you 
get ready to leave the city, an 
expressmann will call at your house 
and take and deliver your baggage 
at any station for from 25 to 50 cents 
a piece. Parmelee's Express Com- 
pany will check your baggage at the 
house to your destination in any 
part of the contry, so that you need 
have no trouble with it at the railway 
station; but you must have bought 
your railway ticket in advance, and 
must pay 10 cents additional for the 
accommodation. 

Rates of Fare for Hacks, Cabsi 
and Other 2wo-horse Vehicles. For 
conveying one or two passengers 
from one railroad depot to another 
railroad depot, $ 1. For conveying 
one or two passengers not exceeding 
one mile, $ 1. For conveying one 
or two passengers any distance over 
one mile and less than two miles 
$ l,5o. For each additional two 
passengers of same party or family, 
50 cents. For conveying one or two 
passengers in the city any distance 
exceeding two miles % 2. For each 
additional passenger of the same 
party or family, 50 cents. For 
conveying children between five and 
fourteen years of age, half the above 
price is charged for like distances; 
but for children under five years of 
age no charge is made— provided 
that the distance from any railroad 
depot, steamboat landing, or hotel 
to any other railroad depot, steamboat 
landing, or hotel, is in all cases estima- 
ted as not exceeding one mile. For the 
use by day of any hackney coach 
or other vehicle drawn by two horses 
or other animals, with one or more 
passengers, per day, $ 8. For the 
use of any such carriage or vehicle 
by the hour, with one or more 
passengers, with the privilege of 
going from place to place, and 
stopping as often as may be required. 

J 



as follows : For the first hour, $ 2 ; 
for each additional hour or part of 
an hour, $ 1. Every passenger is 
allowed to convey upon such vehicle, 
without charge, his ordinary traveling 
baggage, not exceeding in any case 
one trunk and twenty-five pounds of 
other baggage. For every additional 
package, where te whole weight of 
baggage is over one hundred pounds, 
if conveyed to any place within the 
city limits, the owner or driver is 
permitted to charge 15 cents. 

Omnibus and Baggage Transfer 
Rates. Omnibuses run between all 
the depots and to all the principal 
hotels, connecting with all passenger 
trains. The rate of fare to or from 
any depot or hotel is 50 cents, 
payable in exchange for a ticket to 
the agent on the train or to the 
collector in the vehicle. The price 
charged by the same company 
(Parmelee's) for transferring baggage 
to or from any train, and to or from 
any place within the city limits, is 
50 cents for the first piece and 25 
cents for each piece additional. 

Rates of Fare for Hansom Cabs 
and Other One-horse Vehicles. The 
price or rates of fare for cabs or 
other vehicles drawn by one horse 
or other animal for the conveyance 
of passengers for hire, is not more 
than as follows. One mile, or frac- 
tion thereof, for each passenger for 
the first mile, 5o cents. One mile, 
or fraction thereof, for any distance 
after first mile, for one or more 
passengers, 25 cents. For the first 
hour, 75 cents. For each quarter- 
hour additional after first hour, 
20 cents. For service outside of city 
limits and in the parks, for the first 
hour, $ 1. For each quarter-hour 
additional after the first hour, 
25 cents. The provision regarding 
amount of baggage allowed free, 
and rates of charge for excess, is 
the same as in the Hack Ordinance. 

HOTELS. 

We may recommend "the Well- 
ington" as a strictly first class 
European Hotel, corner Wabash 
Avenue and Jackson Street in the 
heart of the city ; this Hotel is noted 
for its fine cuisine. Rooms % 2,00 
upward. 
05 8' 



Furnished Rooms. Private lod- 
gings or "furnished rooms", as the 
Chicago phrase goes, are preferred 
to a hotel by many persons, and in 
some respects are to be recommended. 
A list of advertisements is to be 
found in any of the daily papers, 
while an advertisement inserted by 
any visitor will produce a host of 
replies, from which selection can be 
made after inspection and discussion 
of terms. This is by far the best 
method to pursue in this respect. 

Boarding Houses. These are to 
be obtained in the same manner as 
furnished rooms. The prices vary 
from $ 6 for the cheapest to six 
times that amoimt per week, accord- 



ing to location, cuisine, anl accom- 
modatious. 

Baths. At every hotel, and in all 
of the larger barber shops in Chicago, 
a bath may be obtained, either hot, 
cold, or shower, with soap and 
towels, uniforrii price 25 cents. 
Russian and Turkish baths are 
numerous, the principal ones being 
at the Palmer House, Monroe and 
State streets; Grand Pacific Hotel, 
Clark and Jackson streets; McCoy's 
Hotel, Clark and Van Buren streets; 
and Hotel Brevoort, 143-145 Madison 
Street. 

Restaurants. Few cities are better 
supplied with restaurants and eating 
houses of every description than 



The Wellington. 

A slrictly First Class European Hotel. Hoteii for its Golsine. 

Every modern Improvement. 

Situated on the Boulevard System. Connecting all the Parks 
and within four to six blocks of the Retail Centre, Theatres etc. etc. 
Rates from Doll. 1,00 upwards. 65 

JACKSON BOULEVARD and WABASH AVENUE. 

Only half block from Adams Elevated R. R, Station. 
♦♦.^♦♦CHICAGO****** 

Jllbert §. Gage, President. Qage Jiotel eompanij. 



Chicago. They " are to be found in 
every street and vary from the 
excellence of cuisine to be found at 
the Wellington to the 5 cent 
"beaneries". Besides the restaurants 
of the principal hotels, we may name 
a few other places: 

Bismarck Hotel and Restaurant. 
Randolph Street Vs block west of the 
City Hall; no traveler should miss 
visiting the splendidly decorated 
restaurant, the rendez-vous ol 
Chicago's prominent society. The 
place is built like a German beer- 
palace, the cooking is excellent, 
special reputation for imported beers 
and wines. It can safely be recom- 



mended as one of the best restaurants 
in the United States. 

Cheaper places but well recom- 
mended are Friedrich's Restaurant, 
415 N. Clark Street and 1357 Clark 
Street. 

The Viaduct, 28 Dearborn Avenue. 

Hubert Bros., Ill Madison Street, 
good German cooking. 

Ladies are not supposed to go to 
the chop houses. Their favorite 
luncheon places, when shopping, are 
at the magnificent restaurants pro- 
vided in the large stores. Especially 
favored by the fair sex are Uie 
restaurants provided in large dcivart- 



106 



ment stores, such as Marshall Field 
& Co.'s, Mandel's, Carson Pirie's, 
The Fair, and Siegel, Cooper & Co.'s. 
Man}'- restaurants specially reserve 
seats for ladies, and. so announce on 
signs at their doors. 

Bars: Among the many barrooms, 
which are to be found, in every 
Street by scores, we may call the 
attention of the traveler to Otto 
Baumgarth's Saloon 1155 Lincoln 
Avenue, corner School Street. Jos. 
Scheubert, 551 S. Halsted Street, 
Importer of Rhine and Mosel wines; 
good German cooking. 

Druggists : There is a pharmacy 
in nearly every block. The Pharmacy 
of Mr. R. E. Rhode, dispensing 
chemist at 504= North Clark Street is 
highly recommendable for trust- 
worthy and quick service. 



BookseltirsandStaHoners: A very 
reliable house is the one of Koelling 
&Klappenbach 100 and 102 Randolph 
Street. 

For lovers of the weed we recom- 
mend Max Blumenthal, manufac- 
turer of high grade Havanna Cigars, 
94 Dearborn Street, special brand: 
Flor de Bismarck. 

Banks and Bankers: There are 
many good banks and bankers in 
Chicago. A commission house of 
high standing is the firm of Walker 
& Co., 21 Pacifie Avenue. 

Foreign Consuls in Chicago: Fol- 
lowing a list of the various consuls 
located in the City, useful in many ^ 
respects to tourists: 
Argentine Republic, P. S. Hudson, 

l34 Vanburen. 
Austria-Hungary, Dr. F. Freiesleben 

1637 Michigan av. 



DEUTSCHE APOTHEKE 

504 NORTH CLARK STREET, CHICAGO. 



70 



Belgium, CharlesHenrotinlOSLasalle. 

Denmark, Andrew Peterson: La Fay- 
ette Bldg. 

France, Eugene Thiebaut, Consul, 
59 Clark; J. Gabriel Vieilhomme, 
Chancellor. 

German Empire, Karl Biinz, Schillei 
Building. 

Great Britain, A. G. Vamittai-t. 
Consul, Pullmann Bldg. 

Italy, Count Anthony L. Rowadowski, 
Consul. 

Mexico, Felipe Berriozabal, Jr., Con- 
sul, 4009 Drerel Blod. 

Netherlands, Geo. Birkhoff, Jr. Con- 
sul, 85 Washington Street. 

Rnssia, Baron A. A. Schlippenbach, 
56,5* ave. 

Sweden andNorwayJohnR.Lindgren, 
Vice Consul, Lasalle corner Lake. 

Switzerland, A. Hohnger, Consul, 
105 Washington. 

Turkey, Charles Henrotin, Consul, 
108 Lasalle. 



Spain, T. Gimenez, Consul, Rendfost 
Hotel. 

SOME GENERAL FACTS CON- 
CERNING THE CITY OF CHICAGO: 

Chicago is situated on the sout- 
west shore of Lake Michigan in 
latitude 41», 53', 6,2" N. and longitude 
87", 80', 1,2". being 911 miles from 
New York and 2,417 miles from the 
Pacific Ocean. 

The city has a lake frontage of 
about twenty miles. Its mean eleva- 
tion is 25 feet above Lake Michigan 
and 582 feet above mean sea level. 
But sixty years old, it is, in point of 
population, the second city of the 
United States and has the title of 
"The Phoenix City of the West", 
"The Garden City" "TheWindy City". 

From the lake, at Water Street, the 
Chicago River extends west about 
a half a mile to Canal Street, where 



107 



it divides into two branches, one 
extending in a northwesterly direction 
through that portion of the city, and 
the other southward, for about a 
mile and a half, to Fourteenth Street, 
where it makes a sweep to the west- 
ward as far as Bridgeport, among 
the lumber yard.s. Here it again 
divides into two unimportant sec- 
ondary branches (reachmg one west 
and one south), and empties itself 
into the Illinois and Michigan Canal, 
through which it is united with the 
Des Plaines River. 

Thus, the main stem of the Chic2igo 
River divides the eastern portion of 
the city into two parts, one of which 
is known as the "South Side," and 
the other as the "North Side." These 
two branches, again, separate the 



North and South sides from the 
"West Side, "all that portion of the 
city lying west of these branches 
bemg known by this title. Communica- 
tion between the different portions 
is kept up by means of fifty-three 
swing bridges, situated at the more 
important street crossings, and these 
are further supplemented by three 
tunnels, one connecting the South 
with the West Side, at Washington 
Street; the second forming a similar 
link between the North and South 
sides, at La Salle Street; and the 
third is located at Van Buren Street. 

History of Chicago: In 1801, a 
swamp; in 1811, a small military 
post, soon to be abandoned, and to 
be the scene of a terrible Indian 
massacre ; in 1821, again an insignif- 



C9 



en 




E 6 ^OESSLEI^, Mahaqbi*. 



68 









icant military station; in ISbi, a 
village of twelve houses, without 
mail routes, post roads, or postoffice; 
in 1841, an incorporated city, with 
5,752 inhabitants, and an export trade 
amounting to $ 328,635; in 1851, 
rapidly assuming commercial impor- 
tance; on the eve of possessing 
raUway communication with New 
York; its grain shipments increased 
to 4,646,831 bushels; its population 
numbering 34,437; in 1861, its grain, 
pork, and lumber interests are enor- 
mously developed, its population 
almost quadrupled, and its shipments 
of breadstuffs increased ten-fold 
within a single decade ; in Octoberl871 
almost swept out of existence, only 
to rise triumphantly from its ashes 
as the "Phoenix City", a monument 



of indomitable spirit and energy. In 
1893 the city of the worlds fair. 

To day the greatest railroad center, 
live-stock market, and primaiy grain 
port in the world; the scene of the 
ceaseless activities of over a million 
and three quarters of eager, restless 
toilers, attracted by its fame from 
far and near, and to-day still advanc- 
ing, with rapid strides in everything 
that distinguishes a greatmetropolitan 
city. Such, in brief, is the history 
of Chicago. 

The area of the City is 181,5 square 
miles. It is 24 miles long and 
10 miles wide. 

The climate is healthful and invig- 
orating, cdthough the winters are 
cold and the temperature in summer 
is liable to great and sudden changes. 



108 



The popTilation of Chicago accor- 
ding to the census of 1890 was 
1,099,850. In 1893 .the population 
was estimated at 1,450,000. In 1897 
1,815,000 inhabitants, about one third 
of the population speaks German. 

The ■municipality of Chicago is 
housed in a magnificent twin buil- 
ding, the largest and most imposing 
of the public edifices of Chicago. It 
occupies an entire square bounded 
east by Clark, west by Lasalle, north 
by Randolph and south by Wash- 
ington Streets, The length of each 
of the two facades is 340 feet, the 
width of the entire building 280 feet, 
and its height from the ground line 
124 feet. 

The interiors of the two buildings 
differ somewhat in arrangement, the 
City Hall being finished in white oak 
and much coloring, while the interior 
of the County Building is plain 
but rich. 



PRISONS. 

The Criminal Couri and Jail is 
located on Dearborn Avenue, Mich- 
igan, and Illinois streets. The jail 
contains 300 cells. It may be visited 
at the same time as the North Side 
Water Works and Lincoln Park. 
Visiting days, Tuesday and Friday. 

The Bridewell, or House of Correc- 
tion is located at South California 
Avenue, near West Twenty -thii'd 
Street, and is reached by Blue Island 
Avenue cars. 

The States Prison, orPenitentiary , 
for the detention of criminals sen- 
tenced, for more serious offenses, 
to longer terms of imprisonment, 
is situated at Joliet, forty miles 
distant from the city, and is reached 
by the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific 
Railway. Depot, Van Buren and 
Sherman streets. Round trip, $ 1. 

Prisoners awaiting trial before 



MANUFACTURER OF HIGHGRADE CIGARS. 
SPECIAL BRAND: THE CELEBRATED FLOR DB BISMARCK. 
14 FULLERTON BLOCK. CHICAGO. 94 DEARBORN STREET, es 



justices for petty offenses are con- 
fined at the various police courts or 
stations. 

Patrol Service. There are thirty- 
five police stations, including the 
Central Detail at the City Hall, 
and the officers patrolling streets 
have frequently to report to their 
respective stations by means of 
telephones placed in the 675 patrol 
boxes, being able to summon a patrol 
wagon, ambulance, or fire engines 
bjr the same method. There are 
thirty-nine patrol wagons and 179 
horses in the service. 

The Police Headquarters and the 
Detective Bureau are situated on the 
.first floor and in the basement of 
the City Hall. Number of detectives, 
about fifty. The Central Detail are 

gicked men, averaging six feet in 
eight, and do day patrol duty at 
bridges, crossings, and depots in the 
heart of the city. 

Drainage. Chicago deriving its 
water supply from Lake Michigan, 



the disposal of the drainage 
of the city was a serious 
and perplexing problem until, by a 
triumph of engineering skill, the 
current of the Chicago River was 
reversed, and the stream made to 
run out of Lake Michigan into the 
Illinois and Michigan Canal, and 
thence trough the Illinois River to 
the Mississippi. The drainage system 
is very thorough. There are over 
888 miles of sewer, with more than 
30,468 catch basins and 33,726 man- 
hole openings. Engineers are always 
busy with plans for improving the 
sewerage. 

The Water Supply. — Foremost 
among the public works of Chicago 
is the costly and unique contrivance 
by which it draws its supply of 
water from the lake. Two miles 
from the shore there is fixed a very 
substantial structure, known, for the 
want of a better name, as the "Crib," 
within which is an iron cylinder, 
aine feet in diameter, going down 



109 



thirty-one feet below the bottom of 
the lake and connecting with two 
distinct tunnels, leading to separate 
pumping works on shore. The first 
tunnel constructed, communicating 
with the pumping works at the foot 
of Chicago Avenue, is five feet in 
diameter; this was commenced 
March 17, 1864, and finished March 
25, 1867, costing $457,844.95. The 
second tunnel conveying water to 
the West Side Works, at the corner 
of Blue Island Avenue and Twenty- 
second Street, is seven feet in 
diameter and six miles in length. 
At the shore end of each tunnel the 
water is forced by enormous engines 
throngh the city. The total outlay 
for the entire system was about 
$ 17,000,000. There are over 1,346 
miles of main and distributing pipes, 
and the dailj'- capacity of all the 
plants is 250,000,000 gallons. 
The North Side Works may be 



visited at the same time as Lincoln 
Park and the Lake Shore Drive. 
The tower (175 feet) affords one of 
the finest views of the city and 
harbor. Its ascent is safe and easy. 
The key can be obtained from the 
engineer. 

The West Side Works are in the 
lumber district. They may be reached 
by the Blue Island Avenue cars 
from Madison Street. 

A new tunnel runs from the foot 
of Peck Court, eight feet in diameter, 
21,441 feet (four miles) out into the 
lake, connecting there in 45 feet of 
water with a new ci^ib. The 
capacity of the new tunnel is 
130,000,000 gallons daily. 

Steamers and sailing yachts ply 
to the crib and breakwater, in the 
summer months (round trip 25 cents), 
from the Lake Front at the foot of 
Van Buren Street. 



JOS. SCHEUBERT, Restaurant and Saloon. 

551, S. HALSTED STREET, CHICAGO, ILL. 

IMPORTER of Rhine and Mosel Whines. 



MEALS SERVED. 



72 



GERMAN COOKING. 



COMMUNICATION FACILITIES: 

Elevated Railways: The projects 
afoot to provide "L" roads for all 
parts of the city are not yet completely 
realised. One line runs south from 
Congress Street between Wabash 
Avenue and State Street. Other 
Branches are from Lake Street to the 
South Branch between Canal and 
Morgan Street, thence across the 
river and to the city line between 
Wentworth and Western Avenues : 
Another branch between Thirty Ninth 
and Forty Seventh streets, east to 
Lake Avenue and another west to 
Western Ave. A third runs east to 
Stony Island Avenue, between Sixty 
Seventh and Seventy First Streets 
Cable, electric and horse cars run 
through all the principal thorough- 
fares of the City. 

Postoffice : is tempcJrarily situated 
on Michigan Avenue between Wash- 



ington & Madison. A new Post- 
office and Federal Building is now 
being erected in the heart of the 
business center occupying the entire 
block bounded by Adams, Clark, 
Jackson and Dearborn streets. 

Telegraph, Telephone and mes- 
senger service is the same as in 
other cities of the Republic. 

AMUSEMENTS. 

Theatres, Etc. — There are thirty- 
two-first-class theatres and places ol 
amusement in Chicago, with an 
estimated gross attendance daily of 
from 20,000 to 25,000 persons, so 
that the public enjoy a continual 
round of high-class entertainment. 
The Auditorium, Coltunbia, Hooley's, 
McVicker's, Schiller, Alhambra. 
Havlin's, and the Haymarket theatres, 
the Grand and Chicago Opera Houses, 
the Academy of Music and Standard 



110 



stand in the front rank. Concerts 
Eind lectures are given in the Central 
Music Hall, a large and handsome 
building on the corner of State and 
Randolph streets, the Madison Street 
Theatre, 83 Madison Street, and 
elsewhere; and on the North Side, 
the Windsor and Jacobs' Clark Street 
Theatre are popular houses. Fol- 
lowing is a brief list: 
Auditorium, Wabash Avenue and 

Congress Street. 
Academy of Music, Halsted Street. 

near Madison Street. 
Alhambra Theatre, State Street and 

Archer Avenue. 
Arcade Theatre, Arcade Bldg. 
Bijou Theatre, 109 S. Halsted. 
Calumet Theatre, 9206 S. Chicago. 
Central Music Hall, State Street, cor 

Randolph Street. 
Chicago Opera House, Washingtor 

Street, S. W. cor. Clark Street. 
Columbia Theatre, 108 and llC 

Monroe Street. 
Criterion Theatre, 274 Sedgwict 

Street. 
Grand Opera House, 87 Clark Street 
Great Northern Theatre, 81 Jacksons' 
Havlin's Theatre, Wabash Avenue 

and Nineteenth Street. 
Haymarket Theatre, W. Madison 

Street, east of Halsted Street. 
Hooley's Theatre, 149 Randolph 

Street. 
Lyceum Theatre, 54 Desplaines Street. 
Masonic Temple Roof Garden 1627 

Masonic Temple. 
McVicker's Theatre, 82Madison Street. 
Olympic Theatre, 46 Clark Street. 
Pmlmann Arcade Theatre, Arcade 

Bldg. 
Schiller Theatre, 103 Randolph Street. 
Van Buren, Opera House 1249 

W. Madison. 
Windsor Theatre, 468 N. Clark Street. 

General Remarks: Prices. The 
prices usual at the Chicago theatres 
are about % 1,50 for the orchestra or 
best balcony seats, 50 cents admission 
without seat reserved, and 25 cents 
for the upper circles. At some of the 
"popular" houses the prices vary, 
running down as low as 10 cents ad- 
mission, and 50 cents for reserved 
orchestra chairs. 

Theater Tickets are to be obtained 
in most of the principal hotels as well 
as at the box offices. 



The Chicago Auditorium. This 
magnificent structure occupies nearly 
an entire square, having frontages of 
187 feet on Michigan Avenue, 361 
feet on Congress Street, and 161 feet 
on Wabash Avenue. It is a colossal 
structure of granite and brick, 
comprising ten stories. The height 
of the main building is 144 feet; of 
the large square tower on the 
Congress Street front, 225 feet, the 
lateral dimensions of this tower 
being 40 x 71 feet; fine view over 
the city. The Auditorium, which was 
designed to accommodate conventions 
and similar gatherings, contains 5,000 
seats, and has a total capacity for 
8,000. It is fire-proof, has a stone 
frontage of 709 feet, and cost about 
% 2,000,000. 

Vaudeville Entertainments of any 
especial merit in Chicago are, like 
"black swans", rare, the Masonic 
Temple Roof Garden being about the 
best. To those of cosmopolitan taste, 
who desire beer and tobacco, and do 
not draw the line at abbreviated dress, 
an infinite number of houses is open. 
As to the rest, "dive" is the only 
correct definition of dozens, and 
Chicago's "dives" will be well avoided 
by any strangers. 

MUSICAL ENTERTAINMENTS. 

Several musical societies in Chicago, 
among others the ApoUo Club, have " 
annual, ore more frequent, concerts, 
which are noticeable events. The 
columns of the daity newspapers, as 
a rule, will give ample notification 
of those open to the public. The 
famous Thomas concerts are given 
in the Auditorium. During the 
Summer there are evening concerts 
in the Bismarck Garden, and in the 
Winter, Sunday afternoon concerts 
at the north side Turner Hall, both 
under the direction of Mr. Carl Bunge. 

LECTURES. 

Lectures on various topical or 
national questions are frequently 
oiven during the winter months in 
the Auditorium or other halls. Full 
notification is always to be found in 
the columns of the local press. 



Ill 



MUSEUMS AND EXHIBITIONS. 

Libby Prison Museum, Wabash 
Avenue and Fifteenth Street — the 
palace prison of the South — built 
in 1845, of imported brick, and used 
as a tobacco warehouse; taken by 
the Confederates for a prison in 1861, 
and in which during the war more 
than 12,000 Union soldiers were 
confined, is well worth a visit. 
Purchased by Chicago capitalists in 
1889 and removed to this city and 
opened as a National War Museum, 
filled with many thousands of 
important and valuable relics of the 
late civil war. 

The Battle of Gettysburg- Panoratna 
is situated at the corner of Hubbard 
Court and Wabash Avenue, and 
presents a realistic picture of this 
terrible conflict of the Civil War. 



Opposite it is the Panorama of 
Jerusalem on the day of the crucifi- 
xion. 

Dime Museums: To those desirous 
of such delights, Kohl & Middleton's, 
at 146 Clark Street, their South State 
Street Museum, and Epstean's Dime 
Museum on Randolph Street, near 
Clark, will be found interesting and 
attractive. 

The Circus. Repeated visits to 
Chicago are paid by those delights 
of the small boy, the various circuses. 

Balls and Dancing. The magnificent 
hall of the Auditorium and other 
suitable places are frecjuently filled 
in the winter season with the youth, 
beauty, and wealth of Chicago wor- 
shiping at the Terpsichorean shrine, 
the Annual Charity Ball being a 
galaxy of beauty, manliness, and 
wealth. 



111 MADISON STREET, 
Anerkannt beste deutsche Kiiche. 



and BUFFET'. 

Bet. Dearborn & Clark. 

CHICAGO. 



62 



SPORTS. 

Washington Park Club, situated 
at South Park Avenue and Sixty-first 
Street, is the most aristocratic club, 
and has one of the most modern and 
excellently arranged tracks in the 
country. It is reached by the Illinois 
Central Railroad or by the State 
Street and Cottage Grove cable car 
lines. The Washington Park Derby 
Day in June or July, opening the 
summer season, is a great Chicago 
event. Then the Michigan Avenue 
Boulevard is a blaze of color from 
the toilettes in the long procession 
of carriages, while the track is 
picturesque to a degree with the 
presence of carriages of every species 
and visitors of every kind. 

Garfield Park Club, situated a few 
hundred yards west of Garfield Park, 
and reached by the Madison Street 
cable cars and the Wisconsin Central 
Railroad, is a regular racing asso- 
ciation, duly incorporated as a stock 
company under the laws of the State 
of Illinois. 



The Hawthorne Track is situated 
in the town of Cicero, just beyond 
the city limits, and 7^2 miles from 
the court house. It is reached bj 
the Freeport branch of the Illinois 
Central Railroad , the Chicago, 
Burlington & Quincy, and the 
Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe. 

The Indiana Racing Association, 
at 108 th Street and Indiana Boule- 
vard, is reached by the Pennsylvania 
R. R., from the Union Depot. Races 
are run regularly and without 
cessation. 

Turfmen's Resorts. — The leading 
turftnen of Chicago when in town 
make the Wellington Hotel bar, 
Chapin & Gore's, 73 and 75 Monroe 
Street, and Harry Varnell's, 119 Clark 
Street, their down-town headquarters, 
and may there be found bj those 
interested in "the sport of kings." 

Yacht Clubs are numerous along 
the Lake Front, the Chicago Yacht 
Club and Lincoln Park Yacht Club 
being the two principal. Sailing 
yachts can be hired on suitable days 
on the Lake Front, at the foot of 



112 



Congress Street, while the services 
of a steamboat for any extended 
excursion can speedily be procured 
by application to the various trans- 
portation companies, or advertisement 
in the local papers. The charge for 
sailing yachts is about $10 to $20 
for a whole day for a party, while 
25 cents each person per hour's sail 
is the usual rate for lesser periods; 
but it is best "to agree with thine 
adversary (the boatman) quickly, 
whilst tnou art (on the shore) with 
him," and for obvious reasons. 

Rowing and Canoeing. — Lake 
Michigan, the harbor, and the many 
lakes and ornamental waters in the 
parks are excellent localities for the 
pastimes of those fond of aquatic 
sports. Visitors will do well to keep 
within the harbor in small rowing 
boats, as Lake Michigem squalls are 
proverbially severe. 

ATHLETICS. 

Athletic sports of every kind find 
numerous enthusiastic votaries among 
the thousands of Chicago youths. 
Gymnasia, such as those of the 
Y. M. C. A. Atheneeum and Chicago 
Athletic Association, are replete with 
every imaginable apparatus for 
muscular exercise. 

Baseball. — There are some 400 
organized baseball clubs in Chicago, 
and consequently little lack for 
amusement for spectators of the 
national game. In the season the 
principal games of the National 
Baseball League are played on the 
Chicago Baseball Club's grounds at 
the corner of Lincoln and Word 
streets. 

Cricket. — The Chicago Cricket 
Club at Parkside, 167th Street 
(Illinois Central Reiilroad), and the 
Pullmann Cricket Club are the 
leading exponents of the British 
national game. 

Bicycling and Tricycling. — Chicago 
possesses numerous bicycle clubs, 
the parks and boulevards affording 
such excellent roadways for the use 
of the speedy wheel. The annual 
Toad race to Pullmann on Decoration 
Day and the Chinese Lantern Parade 
of clubs make interesting features 
of the sport. 



THE BUSINESS DISTRICT. 

The shopping district of Chicago, 
par excellence, is the quadrangle 
formed by Wabash Avenue, Wash- 
ington Street, Dearborn and Congress 
Streets, the "ladies' half mile" being 
essentially on State Street from 
Randolph to Congress Streets. 

The great feature of shopping in 
Chicago is the preveilence of huge 
bazaars, where every sort of thing 
is sold that a woman would want to 
buy for herself, for her family, or 
for her house. Marshall Field & Co., 
State and WashingtonStreets ; Carson, 
Pirie, Scott & Co. : J. H.Walker & Co., 
Wabash Avenue and Adams Street; 
Mandel Brothers, 117-123 State 
Street, and other merchants keep 
the greatest possible variety of dry 
g-oods and fancy articles; but Siegel, 
Cooper & Co., State and Van Buren 
Streets; The Ffiir, State and Adams 
Streets; and others are immense 
bazaars rather than a single establish- 
ment — a federation of separate special 
salesrooms under the same roof and 
subjected to common regulations for 
mutual benefit rather than one store 
divided into departments; as at 
Wanamaker's, in Philadelphia, for 
example. Here the visitor will find 
telegraph and telephone offices, a 
place to leave parcels on payment 
of 10 cents, retiring rooms, an 
inmiense luncheon room with mod- 
erate prices, and a detective system 
which guards the customer from 
pickpockets, while it protects the firm 
from thieving. 

Continuous Hnes of stores extend 
along State Street from Congress to 
Randolph streets, and between them 
is probably the busiest shopping 
district in the city. The crossing of 
State and Madison streets may be 
termed the vortex of retail trade. 

WHERE TO BUY. 

Art Works and Pictures are 
mainly to be seen on Wabash Avenue, 
below Van Buren Street. Abbott's, 
50 Madison Street, and O'Brien's, 
208 Wabash Avenue, are represen- 
tative houses. Painters^ materials 
may be bought on State Street at 
several stores in the retail center, 
and at Abbott's, 



113 



Books are in tae saiui^ district, 
and may ' be found at Koelling & 
Klappenbach 100 a 102 Randolph 
Street, Brentano's, 204 Wabash 
Avenue; A. C. McClurg & Co., 
Wabash Avenue £ind Madison Street; 
Chas. McDonald, 55 Washington 
Street; C. W. Curry 181 Madison 
Street, and many other stores. 

Canary birds and pet animals are 
numerous at Kaempfer's, 169 Madison 
Street. For carpets go to Marshall 
Field & Co., Mandel's, and A. H. 
Revell & Co., Adams Street and 
Wabash Avenue, and to the great 
dry-goods and furniture stores. For 
china, p^lass, and similar ware, 
Burley & Co., 77 State Street, and 
Pitkin & Brooks, 58 Lake Street, 
and the generally various department 
stores. Clothing stores and tailors 
are scattered everywhere. Chinese 



wares can be found on Clark Street, 
and Japanese, at Hayes & Tracey, 
220 Wabash Avenue. Dressmakers 
are scattered over the town, the 
leading department stores having 
dressmaking departments, the ex- 
clusive and correspondingly high- 
priced modistes being, as a rule, 
located on Michigan Avenue, between 
Congi^ess and Sixteenth Streets. 
Redtem, the well-known English 
ladies' tailor, is located at 1702 
Michigan Avenue. The wholesale 
dry-goods district is practically 
represented by Fifth Avenue and 
Market Street. 

Drug stores are everywhere, emd 
are always conspicuous. The whole- 
sale tabacco, oil, and metal trades 
are to be found mainly on Wabash 
Avenue and Lake Street, while the 
wholesale grocers congregate on 



15 Ball Pool 



Fine Bottled Goods a Specialty. 



Otto Bammgafth 
Saloon and Sample Room 

58 1155 LINCOLN AVENUE 

Corner School Street, CHICAGO. 



River, Water, and Lake Streets. 
Fishing-tackle and sportsmen's outfits 
may be obtained at A. G. Spaulding & 
Bros., 108 Madison Street; Von 
Lengerke & Antoine, 246 Wabash 
Avenue, and several other stores 
along State Street and Wabash 
Avenue. For fire-artns go to Henry 
Sears Company, 110 Wabash Avenue, 
or Thorsen & Cassady, 60 Wabash 
Avenue. For jewelry, silverware, 
watches, and all such goods, visit 
such establishments as J. B. Chambers 
&_Co., Madison and Clark streets; 
Giles Bros,, Masonic Temple; 
Peacock's, Randolph and State streets, 
and Spaulding's, corner Jackson and 
State streets. Implements for lawn 
tennis, base-ball, and all out-door 
games and sports can be had at 
stores dealing in sportsmen's goods, 
while lumber is stacked in mountain 
piles in the lumber districts of the 



city. Leather at wholesale is to be 
found principally on Konzie Street. 
For millinery of the highest kind go 
to the retail shopping center; such 
stores as Marshall Field & Co., 
MandelBros.,LouiseetCie, 48 Monroe, 
Street, will supply every feminine 
fancy. Musical instruments are 
purchased at Lyon & Healy's, corner 
State and Monroe streets, and other 
music stores, chiefly congregated on 
Wabash Avenue. For notions and 
fancy goods, search State Street from 
Randolph to Van Buren, With the 
cross streets, and you will not search 
in vain. Optical instruments are to 
be found in endless variety at 
L. Manasse, 88 Madison Street and 
the Mackintosh Battery & Optical Co., 
143 Wabash Avenue. Paper and 
stationery are to be found in great 
variety at A. C. McClurg & Co.'s, 
corner Wabash Avenue and Madison 



114 



Sh-eet; Breatano's, 204 Wabash 
Avenue; Dunwell & Ford's, 155 
Wabash Avenue, and the various 
department stores. Maps and guides 
can be bought at Rand, McNally & 
Co.'s, 166 to 174 Adams Street. 
Pawnbrokers and junk shops abound 
on Clark and State streets, but they 
are scattered all over the poorer 
parts of the city. Pottery wares 
of all kinds, and especially imported 
ceramic goods, are to be found at 
retail ia the principal department 
stores in the shopping center. For 
pipes, amber, and smokers' articles 
go to Hoffmann, 185 Madison Street. 
Toys are best bought at E. F. 
Schwarz & Bros., 231 State Street, 
and in the department stores. 

PARKS AND BOULEVARDS. 

The parks and driveways aggregate 

3,290 acres and the boulevards have 

more than 100 miles of total length. 

The following parks are situated 

within the city limits: 

Aldine Square, 

Campbell Park, 

Congress Park, 

Dearborn Park, 

Douglas Park, 

Douglas Monimient Sq., 

ElHs Park, 

Gage Park, 

Garfield Park, 

Green Bay Park, 

Groveland Park 

Holstein Park 

Humboldt Park, 

Jackson Park, 

Jefferson Park, 

Lake Front Park, 

Lincoln Park, 

Logan Square, 

Midway Plaisance, 

Oak Park, 

Shedd's Park, 

Union Park, 

Union Square, 

Vernon Park, 

Washington I'ark, 

Washington Square, 

Wicker Park, 

Woodlawn Park. 
The boulevard system is intended 
to connect the parks by a contin- 
uous chain of magnificent driveways 
circling the city with a band of 



excellent roads, boKTered with trees, 
metaled to the highest excellence 
for driving, and edged with cool 
green lawns on either side. 

The Lake Front Park, with an 
area of forty-one acres, is a narrow 
strip of land lying between the 
Michigan Avenue Boulevard andLake 
Michigan, or rather the Illinois Cen- 
tral Railroad tracks, and bounded 
north and south by Randolph Street 
and Park Row, respectively. 

Proceeding southward, the south 
parks are approached by the most 
beautiful boulevard in the city, 
Michigan Avenue. Starting from 
the Leland Hotel, the visitor passes 
the Auditorium Building and the 
Chicago Club on the right, the latter 
at the corner of Van Buren Street. 
On his left, the green expanse ol 
Lake Park stretches out almost to 
the edge of the lake, from which it 
is separated only by the track of the 
Illinois Central Railroad. Away out 
are the lighthouse, the breakwaters, 
and ciib, and the surface of the lake 
is dotted with the white sails of 
innumerable craft; near twelfth Street 
is Chicago's newest monument, 
erected in memory of General Logan. 
The_ castellated Armory of the First 
Regiment is seen at the comer of 
Sixteenth Street; and on Michigan 
and Prairie avenues, the latter two 
blocks east, south of Sixteenth Street, 
the domestic architecture of Chicago 
is observed at its best. 

On the north east corner of 
Michigan Avenue and Twentieth 
Street a magnificent house has been 
erected for the Calumet Club. On 
the northwest corner stands the 
handsome edifice of the Second 
Presbyterian Society. One block 
east and south are the First Presbyte- 
rian Church and the Synagogue of 
the Sinai Congregation. Two blocks 
west, at 2020 State Street, are the 
headquarters of the City (Cable) 
Railway Compan}'-, where is exerted 
the force which propels, through many 
miles of streets, the hundreds of 
cable cars which the visitor sees 
gliding rapidly along. At Twenty- 
third Street, Immanuel (Baptist) 
Church, on the right, and the Church 
of the Messiah (Unitarian) on the 
left, are passed, Near Twenty-fourth 



115 



Street are Christ(EpiscopalReformed) 
Church and the Moseley Grammar 
School. Between Twenty-fifth and 
Twenty-sixth streets, on the east side, 
is Plymouth (Congregational) Church, 
a fine edifice; and at southeast 
corner of the latter, Trinity (Epis- 
copal) Church, a neat, double- 
turreted Gothic structure. At the 
foot of Thirty-fifth Street Douglas 
Monument is to be found. Having 
pursued his way to Thirty-ninth 
Street (Oakwood Boulevard), where 
be enters the township of Hyde Park, 
the visitor will proceed to Wash- 
ington Park by Drexel Boulevard. 

This magnificent drive, which is 
200 feet wide throughout and IVi miles 
in length, is laid out after the model 
of the celebrated Avenue de I'lmper- 
atrice, in Paris. Parrallel with it, 
five blockswest, runsGrandBoidevard, 
by which the return journey may be 
made. An immense amount of money- 
has been expended on the two south 
parks, Washington and Jackson, and 
they are delightful pleasure resorts; 
the former, which contains one of 
the largest unbroken lawns in the 
world and also a fine conservatory. 
It may be mentioned that the cable 
railway extends from Oakwood Boule- 
vard south to Fifty-fifth Street, along 
which a connecting line runs east to 
near the north end of Jackson Park. 
Fifty-fifth Street, for 4}li miles west 
of Washington Park, has been laid 
out as part of the encircUng system, 
and given the name of Garfield 
Boulevard. 

Washington and Jackson parks, 
containing respectiveliy 371 and 
586 acres, are connected by Midway 
Plaisance with a superficial area of 
another eighty acres. 

Humboldt Park, 200,62 acres, with 
a fine lake and choice flower gardens, 
is the most northerly park on the 
West Side. It is remarkable as the 
most elevated of all the Chicago parks. 

Lincoln Park, 250' acres — bounded 
on the south by North Avenue, west 
by North Clark Street, North Park 
Avenue and Lake View Avenue — is 
reached by the North Side cable 
road, or by steamboat in the summer 
months from the foot of 
Van Buren Street It is, possibly. 



the most beautiful of all the parks, 

and certainly the most interestmg in 
special features, the principal items 
of interest being the life-size statue 
of AbrahamLincoln and the equestrian 
monument of Gen. U. S. Grant, over- 
looking Lake Michigan. 

The La Salle Monument, erected in 
1889, near the lake; a group of 
relics of the fire; the Ottawa Indian 
Monument; a lake, and a well stocked 
menagerie, near by, are well worth 
inspecting. Statues of Linnaeus and 
Frederick Von Schiller, water-lily 
ponds, and a beautiful electric foun- 
tain, the gift of Mr. C. T. Yerkes, 
which is operated 8 — 9 P. M. every 
pleasant evening in Summer, are items 
which only require to be seen to be 
appreciated. Ihe Lake Shore Drive 
and the view of Lake Michigan there- 
from deserve a visit, as well as the 
two sphinxes at Garfield Avenue 
entrance. 

In the summer months open-air 
musical performances are regularly 
given on certain advertised evenings 
m the principal parks, during suitable 
weather. It is a sight worthy of 
more than one visit. 

Cotntnercial Buildings: The bus- 
iness section of Chicago is crowded 
with buildings, that are simply of 
magnificent proportions. Clustered 
round the Board of Trade are the 
Rial to. Central, Phoenix, Calumet, 
Muller and other office buildings. 
One of the most beautifull bank 
btiildings is the Illinois Trust and 
Savings Bank. Within a few squares 
is the Montauk Block and the first 
National Bank Building; Adams 
Express Building in Deaborn Street; 
the gigantic Pullman Building at 
the corner of Adams Street and 
Michigan Avenue; the Masonic 
Temple, corner of State and Randolph 
streets; theMonadnockandKearsarge 
Building, on Jackson and Van Buren 
Streets, and the magnificent Stude- 
backer Building, on Michigan Avenue, 
south of Van Buren Street. These 
structures have all been planned and 
erected on a most generous scale. 
The principal type of aixhitecture is 
the Romanesque or Round - arch 
Gothic, and the materials vary from 
brick, terra cotta, and iron to brown 
stone, marble, and granite. 



116 



RELIGIOUS MISSIONS and AID 
SOCIETIES. 

A great number of missionary and 
religious societies, both unsectarian 
and denominational, have their head- 
quarters in this city. Some of these 
are national in character; others 
purely local. For a full list consult 
the City Directory. 

y. M. C. A. AND Y. W. C. A. 

The Youn^Men's Christian Associa- 
tion in Chicago is in a flourishing 
condition, and owns a large and 
handsome building, which, costing, 
with the land, $ 1,400,000, is at La 
Salle Street, between Madison and 
Monroe streets. 

The Young' Women's Christian 
Association occupies fine quarters 
on Michigan Avenue and devotesf 
itself to helping in every way the'* 
young workingwomen of the city. 
Ladies visiting the city are welcome 
at the rooms. 

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 

Visitors are always courteously 
received at the public schools. The 
Union College of Law, 80—92 Dear- 
born street. Course of study two 
years, fees $ 75, per year. 

There are seven medical colleges. 
Among them, the College of Physicians 
and Surgeons and the Rush Medical 
College. 

The theological colleges are the 
Garrett Biblical Institute, atEvanston 
belonging to the Methodist Episcopal 
Church; theBaptistUnionTheological 
Seminary, Morgan Park; the Chicago 
Theological Seminary (Congrega- 
tional), Union Park; the Presbyte- 
rian Theological Seminary of the 
Northwest, North Halsted Street, 
and St. Ignatius CoUege, West 
Twelfth Street — aU flourishing 
institutions. 

The University of Chicago on 
Midway Plaisance consists of four 
blocks, to which Mr. Rockefeller 
contributed $ 2,600,000. 

The Chicago Athenaeum, called the 
People's College with fine library 
and reading rooms. 



The North Western University at 
Evanston, eleven miles north of 
Chicago, with an excellent Museum 
of Natural History. 

The Chicago Public Library, second 
largest in America, 225,000 volumes, 
on the Lake Front between Randolph 
and Washington Streets, one of the 
finest libraries in the world. 

The Newberry Library on the 
square bounded by Dearborn Avenue 
and Clark Street, Oak street and 
Walton Place is all that a reference 
library should be. 

The John Crerar Library called 
after John Crerar who bequeathed 
$ 2,500,000 for the building, endow- 
ment and maintenance of a free public 
library. It is a reference library of 
scientific literature. 

Chicago Historical Society. 

Library of theUniversity ofChicago, 
485,000 volumes. 

The Chicago Law Institute Library. 

The Library of the Armour Institute. 

Academy of Sciences inLincolnPark. 

The Field Columbian Museum, 
with it wealth of curious specimens, 
old manuscripts and books. 

The Lewis Institute, educational 
institution at Madison and Robey 
Street. 

MONUMENTS. 

The Police Monument commem- 
orative of the anarchist riot on the 
night of May 4, 1886, ^ on Haymarket 
Square. 

Columbus Statue in the Lake Front 
Park. 

Drake Fountain and Columbus 
Statue between the City Hall and 
Court House. 

The U. S. Grant Equestrian 
Momtment in Lincoln Park. 

General Sheridan Statue, in 
Union Park. 

Genral Garfield Statue, in Gar- 
field Park. 

LinncBus Statue (in Lincoln Park). 

Frederick Von Schiller, Monument 
(in Lincoln Park). 

La Salle Monument (in Lincoln 
Park). 

Ottawa Indian Group (in Lincoln 
Park). 

The Abraham. Lincoln Monument, 
Lincoln Park. 



117 



The Great Fire Inscription, 137 
De Koven Street. On a tablet on 
the house. "The Great Fire of 1871 
originated here and extended to 
Lincoln Park. Chicago Historical 
Society, 1881." 

The Douglas Monument, over the 
body of Stephen A. Douglas. The 
monument stands' on the Lake Shore 
at Thirty-fifth Street. 

The Fort Dearborn Inscription 
on the warehouse of W. M. Hoyt 
Company: "Block House of Fort 
Dearborn. This building occupies 
the site of old Fort Dearborn, which 
extended a little across Michigan 
Avenue and somewhat into the river, 
as it now is. The fort was built in 
1803-04, forming our outmost 
defense." 

The Armstrong Bust is at the 
corner of Clark and Adams streets, 
on the post office grassplat. The 
inscription reads: "To the memory 
of George Buchanan Armstrong, 
Founder of the Railway Mail Service 
in the United States. Born in Armagh 
Ireland, October 27, A. D. 1822. 
Died in Chicago, May 5, 1871. 
Erected by the clerks in the service, 
1881." 

The General Logan Monument, 
Michigan Avenue near 12 th Street. 

HOSPITALS. 

The principal Hospitals are: 
The Cook County Hospital founded 
in 1847. It occupies two entire 
squares being bounded north by 
West Harrison, south by West Polk, 
east by South Wood and West by 
South Lincoln Streets. Contiguous 
to it are the Rush Medical College, 
theCollege of Physicians and Surgeons 
Chicago, and the Chicago Homcepathic 
College, the students of which enjoy 
the advantages of attending its various 
wards. These institutions may be 
reached by the Ogden Avenue cars, 
starting from La Salle and Madison 
streets. 

Mercy Hospital, an institution of 
the Sisters of Mercy, is located at 
the corner of Calumet Avenue and 
Twenty-sixth Street, adjoining the 
Chicago Medical College, whose 
students have access to its wards. 
It has accommodations forlBOpatients. 



Thirty-six sisters manage it, at an 
annual cost of $26,000, which is met 
by voluntary contributions and the 
money received from paying patients. 

The Michael Reese Hospital is a 
Hebrew charity, provided for by a 
fund of $90,000 left by will of the 
late Michael Reese. 

The Presbyterian Hospital, situated 
on the southeast corner of Congress 
and Wood streets, can be reached 
by the Van Buren Street, Ogden 
Avenue, and Harrison Street cars. 
It has a capacity of 225 beds. 

The United States Marine Hospital 
is situated in Lake View, on the 
Lake Shore, six miles north of the 
City Hall. The grounds comprise 
ten acres, and the building is a 
handsome granite structure, four 
stories high, with a basement. It is 
300x75 feet, and has accommodations 
for 150 patients. 

Besides: St. Josephs Hospital 
360 Garfield Avenue. 

St.Lukes'sFreeHospitaljFourteenth 
Street, with a frontage on Indiana 
Avenue. 

St. Elizabeth's Hospital at Davis 
and Thompson streets. 

The Hospital of the Alexian Brothers 
565 North Market Street. 

The Womens's Hospital 118 Thirty- 
fifth street. 

The Bennett Medical College 
511-513 State Streets. 

The Illinois Charitable Eye & Ear 
College West Adams and Peoria 
Streets. 



CEMETERIES. 

Rosehill Cem.etery on the line of 
the Chicago & North Western Rail- 
way. Noticeable are the monuments 
to "Our Heroes" and A. I. Snell. 

Graceland Cemetery: near Buena 
Park Station. There is a monument 
to Allan Pinkerton, the celebrated 
detective. 

Calvary Cemetery : near Evans ton, 
is the principal Roman Catholic 
biuying ground. 

Oakwoods Cemetery on the line 
of the lUiaois Central Railroad. The 
Borden and the Soldier's Home 
monuments are worth inspection. 



118 



forest Home Cemetery situated 
beside the Des Plaines River. The 
grounds are tastefully kept. 

THE MARKETS OF THE CITY. 

Meat packing is the oldest of 
Chicago's industries. In 1896 the 
receipts of live stock were: 7,659,452 
hogs, 2,900,476 cattle, 138,337 calves, 
3,590,655 sheep and 105,978 horses, 
the total value being estimated at 
about $ 250,000,000. The shipments 
for the same period were about 
2,000,000 live hogs, over 5,700,000 
hogs were slaughtered during the year, 
372,461 cattle, 561,239 sheep and 
3,029,316 used for city consumption 
and packing, 700,000,000 of dressed 
beef, 258,000 barrels of pork, 
500,000,000 lard, 175,000,000 of hides 
and 54,000,000 of wool. 

THE UNION STOCK YARDS. 

In 3,300 pens, 1,800 covered and 
1,500 open, provision is made for 
handling at one time 25,000 head of 
cattle, 14,000 sheep, andl50,000hogs. 
The yards contaia twenty miles of 
streets, twenty miles of water troughs, 
fifty mUes of feeding troughs, and 
seventy-five miles of water and 
drainage pipes. Artesian weUs, having 
an average depth of 1,230 feet, afford 
Em abundant supply of water. There 
are also eighty-seven miles of railroad 
tracks, all the great roads having 
acres to this vast market. The entire 
cost was $ 4,000,000. About 1,200 
men are employed at the Stock Yards 
proper. In 1892, 3,571,796 cattle, 
7,714,435 hogs, 2,145,079 sheep, 
197,576 calves, and 96,998 horses 
were received at the Yards in 
309,901 cars, being of an aggregate 
value of $ 153,836,502. 

The meat-packing industry is carried 
on in immediate proximity to the 
Stock Yards. The extent of its 
operations having already been stated, 
it is only necessary to add that a 
single business, that controlled by 
Messrs. Armour & Co., occupies 
seventy acres of flooring and employs 
about 4,000 men. These Stock Yards 
and packing houses (the former free, 
the latter usually shown to visitors 
I'pon appUcationl can be reached by 



rail from Van Buren Street Depot 
(trains infrequent), or by State Street 
cable or South Halsted Street horse 
cars. Some 18,000 to 25,000 men 
are daily employed in the various 
packing houses, varying according 
to the season of the year. 

Chicago , from its admirable 
geographical situation, is the natural 
depot for the exchange of the pro- 
ducts and commodities of the East 
and the West; into her elevators 
pour the harvests from the vast 
wheat fields of the Northwest, and 
m her markets they are exchanged 
for the manufactures of the East and 
the importations from foreign coun- 
tries — Chicago reaping the benefits 
of exchange. 

There are about thirty registered 
grain, elevators, with an aggregate 
capacity of 30,000,000 bushels. 

The lumber district lies south oi 
Twenty-secondstreetbetween Halsted 
Street and Ashland Avenue. 

A large place in the wealth winning 
industries of Chicago falls to the 
breweries, and a visit to a represen- 
tative brewery is not alone instructive 
to the professional brewer, but in- 
teresting for the general public, 
especially for the one who desires to 
get an inside view of American 
mdustrial enterprise. Such an exter- 
prise is the Mc Avoy Brewing 
Company. 

The Mc Avoy Brewing Company, 
situated at 2349 South Park Avenue, 
is one of the most elegant structures 
of its kind in the United States. It 
has a frontage of 600 feet on the 
east side of the street with 400 feet 
on the west. The main brew house 
is a magnificent structure, 130 X 
65 feet and is six stories high, of 
the best quality of terra cotta brick. 
Their mammoth malt house attached, 
has a capacity of 175,000 bushels. 
They have six mammoth brick ice 
houses, carpenter, cooper and paint 
shops within the extensive Jirea 
covered by this establishment. Stables 
for 80 horses in daUy use at this place 
are a feature in themselves. The 
annual capacity of this brewery is 
250,000 barrels. They have at all 
times a reserve storage of no less 
than 60,000 barrels on hand so that 
orders from any part can be promptly 



119 



filled at the shortest possible notice. 
Their appliances for cooling beer are 
simplv perfect, and must be seen to 
be fully understood. Their engine 
and engine-room will well repay a 
visit by the curious after the modern 
appliances now used in such an 
extensive establishment as this. Their 
special brands of beer are Malt, 
Marrow, Club beer, Pilsener, Wiener, 
Hygeia and Lager. 

The officers of the Company, who 
are at all times willing and pleased 
to show their splendid enterprise are : 
Charles H. Walker, President; Adam 
Ortseifen , Vice - President ; H. J. 
Bellamy, Secretary and Treasurer. 

Fruit and Vegetable Market. Few 
cities are so well supplied as Chicago 
is, in the matter of edible fruits and 
vegetables. Half a dozen blocks on 
South Water Street, from Wabash 
A-venue westward, is the particular 



locality of this thriving industry, and 
here in the early morning, and, 
indeed, all day long, arrive during 
their proper seasons and from every 
part of the continent vast consignments 
of perishable wares. Crates, barrels, 
boxes, and baskets of all sizes, shapes, 
and descriptions are heaped upon 
the sidewalk infront of the commission 
dealer's store, speedily finding their 
way by his efforts to the numerous 
groceries and meat markets through 
the city. 

News papers: As neai-ly as can 
be estimated, 600,000,000 copies of 
daily, weekly, monthly and other 
publications are issued from the 
presses of Chicago. In 1896, 620 
publications were entered at the 
ChicagoPost office and 142 periodicals 
issued for trade or advertising 
purposes. 



120 



Agents of the North German Lloyd: 



W. Claussenius & Co., Genl. Western Agts., 90-92 Deabom St., Chicago, 111. 

Thos. Cook & Son, 232 S. Clark St., Chicago, 111. 
J. Wm. Eschenburg, 78 5 th. Ave., Chicago, III. 
H. Case & Son, 220 S. Clark St., Chicago 111. 
Kaspar & Karel, 623 Blue Island Ave., Chicago, 111. 
A. Mortensen & Co., 140 E. Kinzie St., Chicago, 111. 



121 



■^ 




MDNDN ROUTE 



e )) Cgflfig l!gffi>''*f<W»l9WYWR/^wy (( a 

»' - " » ^ » » 

B. a 0. AND B. & 0. 8. W. 



71 



he comfortable and picturesque line 



between 



"g) 



fe 



WmilhiljPigtpriy 

Oiiff«©li!jir(imtS,j 

Chicago 

AND THE WEST. 

Through Sleepers between Washington and Chicago, with " 
complete Pullman equipment. 

New York, B. & O., 113, 434 &c. Broadway. 

Washington, B. & O., 619 Penn Ave. 
OFFICES: Cincinnati, C. H. & D., Fourth & Vine. 
Chicago, Monon, 22>2 Clark St. 

Minneapolis, Monon, Northwestern Bldg. 

/sk for tickets via Monon Route. 

FRANK J. REED, Gen. Pass. Agt. 

IMOIVOIV BIOUTE 

66 CHICAGO. 

g-<. - o-i) 

122 



Si 



THE BEST ROUTE TO THE WEST. 

Every one who goes to America goes to Chicago, else he does not 
see America, for Chicago, be it imderstood, is the real metropolis, the 
commercial center and hub of the North American continent, from which 
radiate, like the spokes of a great wheel, more railway lines and directly 
reaching into more territory than any other city in the world. So too, 
every one goes to the national capital, for Washington is now one of the 
most beautiful cities, as well as the capital of the greatest republic and 
the most prosperous nation in the world. The most picturesque route to 
Chicago from the Eastern seaboard is that of the B. & O. and MONON, 
via Washington, Cincianati and Indianapolis. The tourist takes his elegantly 
cushioned seat in a luxurious sleeping car, equipped with every convenience 
that the most fastidious traveler could wish, which accomodation, by the 
way, costs him less than the European service for half the distance, 
(Berlin to Paris, 663 miles, $ 8,00, for example). The scenery, as the 
train winds up the beautiful Potomac Valley, with the laurel-clad Virginia 
Heights on the one hand and the rocky cliffs of Maryland on the other, 
is one of surpassing beauty. Among the points of interest to be seen 
from the car windows are Great Falls, Point of Rocks, Harper's Ferry, 
where John Brown lit the torch, which, fanned by the southern breeze, 
grew into the great rebellion and ended in the liberation of slavery 
throughout the civilized world; Cumberland, Grafton and others, beautiful 
to the eye and rich in historical association. Winding through the foothills 
of the Alleghanies in West Virginia, the Ohio is crossed at Marietta. 
The rich farm and fruit lands of Southern Ohio are traversed in a nearly 
straight line imtil Cincinnati is reached, the metropolis of the Ohio valley 
and the busy port of entry on the great interior water way, 1800 miles 
from the mouth of the Missisippi. From Cincinnati the line rims north- 
west through Indianapolis, which boasts the largest and finest public foimtain 
in the world, and finally entering the great metropolis of the central west, 
the great lake port of Chicago, through a maze of railway tracks that has 
not its counterpart any where on earth. 

Dearborn Station, of the Monon Route, is at the foot of Dearborn 
Street, within five minutes walk of the finest hotels in the City, £md within 
a short ride, by cab or transfer coach, of the various stations of western 
railway lines. The conductor of the Monon train and uniformed baggage 
and express agents will give full information to strangers before entering 
the city, and uniformed attendants at the station will give directions to 
cabs, street cars and hotels. 

123 



The Monon Route from Chicago to the South via Louisville oi 
Cincinnati has no superior in convenience, comfort and speed. Four trains 
leave Dearborn station for Cincinnati daily, carrying parlor, chair and 
buffet dining cars on day trains and Pullman sleeping and dining cars on 
night trains. Two Pullman trains leave Chicago daily (one a night train) 
for Louisville and West Baden Springs. At Cincinnati and Louisville 
direct connections are made for all points in the South. 

At Bedford, on the Monon Route, are situated the extensive quaiies 
of oolitic limestone which has been used in the construction of some of 
the finest ouildings in New York, Washington and other lai-ge cities all 
over the country. 

To conclude, the Monon Route is renowned for its smooth and 
substantial road bed, its complete and luxurious equipment, its fast and 
punctual time, its picturesque scenery and its admirable service. The 
general passenger agent is Mr. Frank J. Reed, at Chicago. 




124 



INDIANA. 



La Salle was the first European to 
visit Indiana. In 1669 he, with his 
brave French explorers, opened trade 
with the natives. A gi-eat many 
Indian tribes helped him in his fight 
with the Iroquois. The first military 
establishment, Post Ougatenon, was 
founded near Lafayette in 1720; 
seven years later, Poste d'Oubache 
was established on the spot where 
now Vincennes stands. Lieut. St. 
Ange was the conunander for more 
than thirty years and ruled with 
great prudence. After the attack of 
the Chickasaws, in 1736, when a 
great number of French and Indian 
soldiers fell, French and Canadian 
descendents lived here for more than 
two centuries, raising wheat, tobacco 
and wine, Indian and African slaves 
helping them. The chief trading- 
posts were at the source of the 
Maumee,near Lafayette andVincennes. 
In 1778 Col. Clarke, with his 
'Virguiians,marchedagainst Vincennes 
and defeated Gov. Hamilton of the 
British forces. French half-breeds 
and Spaniards then inhabited the 
coimtry. In 1800 Indiana became 
a territory; in 1811 Gov. Harrison 
made war against Tecumseh, Chief 
of the Shawnees and defeated them, 
although with great loss to himself 

Indiana took its name from the 
Indians, who ceded pai't of the 
country to traders. The pet name 
is the " Hoosier State" , from "Hushers " , 
white Indian bullies. It is a vast 
plain, with great forests and treeless 
praii-ies. It has a great lumber trade 
and agriculture gives employment to 
a great many people, the Wabash 



region being the richest known for 
wheat and corn. Coal and gas 
abound. Education has made great 
strides since 1870, the best proof of 
which, being the few ilhterate per- 
sons to be found, as well as the 
mimerous High and Normal Schools. 
The principal National Institutions 
are : The United States Arsenal at 
Indianapolis. The Depot of the 
Quartermaster Department, at 
Jeffersonville , a branch of the 
National Soldiers Home, at Marion 
and the magnificent Soldiers' Monu- 
ment at Indianapolis. The climate 
is, on the whole, healthy. 

BEDFORD, Ind. 
A town in the southern part of the 
state, noted for its 19 quarries, yield- 
ing enormous quantities of building- 
stone, known as the Bedford or 
Indiana limestone. It is of a buff 
and blue color and is said never to 
break or crack, having an elasticity 
which makes it valuable in all 
climates where there is great change 
of temperature. The Indiana State 
Capitol, New York Times building, 
the 'SfaxL&^&xhii'i- Railroads : Louisville, 
New Albany & Chicago. 

CRANFORDSVILLE, Ind. 
Is interesting as seat of the Wab- 
ash College, foimded by the Pres- 
byterians in 1832. It has 13 in- 
structors and 400 students, enjoying 
a library of 28,500 volumes. South 
Hall, Center Hall, containing chapel, 
library and lecture rooms. Peek 
Scientific Hall and the Hovey Museum 
are the most prominent buildings. 



125 



ELKHART, Ind. 
In the northern part of this county 
has 11,360 inh., and is a busy 
manufacturing town and a great 
railway junction. 

ELWOOD, Ind. 

A rapidly growing town, 22 miles 
from Kokomo, in the gasbelt of 
Indiana. 

EVANSVILLE, Ind. 
A great export place for grain, 
pork, coal, lumber and tabacco, 
either by steamboats along the Ohio 
River or by one of the seven rail- 
ways of which it is the terminus; 
coal and iron are found in the 
vicinity. The Wabash and Erie 
Canal, the longest in the Union, 
476 mis., leads from Toledo to 
Evansville, part of it beiug held by 
slack-water navigation. It has about 
60,000 inh. — The principal rail- 
roads are : EvansviUe & Terre Haute ; 
Louisville & Nashville. 

Agent of the North German Lloyd : 
/. Esslinger, Evansville, Ind. 

FORT WAYNE. Ind. 
A manufacturing town in the North 
East with 40,0:0 inh., was built 1794 
on the site of an English fort of 
1764, is a great railw^ay centre and 
abounds in factories. We find there 
a branch of the Great American 
Wheel Company; a Divinity School 
(Lutheran) and a School for the 
feeble-minded. — The principal rail- 
ways are : Fort Wayne, Cinciunati & 
Louisville; Lake Shore & Michigan 
Southern ; Wabash. 

GREENCASTLE, Ind. 
Is most remarkable as the seat of 
the famous De Pauw University. It 
was founded in 1837, under the 
name of Indiana Asbury University, 
in a rented two room building, with 
four teachers. In 1884, largely 
thi-ough the liberality of the late 
Hon. A. C. De Pauw, of New Albany, 
Ind., a noble endowment of over 
$450,000 was raised, and the Uni- 
versity took the name of its bene- 
factor, who was a prominent member 
of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 
The grounds cover IBO acres. The 



126 



University has 40 instructors and 
900 students. The school of military 
science and tactics has 180 uni- 
formed cadets. 

INDIANOPOLIS. 

The capital of Indiana with 120,000 
inh., lies in about the center of the 
state 110 mis. N. W. of Cincinnati, 
and 195 mis. S. E. of Chicago in a 
fertile plain and was first settled in 
1819. It is a great railway center 
of the West 18 railways converge 
here also a large trading place, 
employing 10,000 persons and pro- 
ducing $ 3 0000,000 worth of goods 
yearly. The principal industries are : 
meatpacking, manufacture of machin- 
ery, agricultural implements , cars 
furniture, especially writing desks, 
and flour-miUs. It has a great many 
prominent public buildings as: the 
State HousevnSh the statue of Thomas 
A. Hendricks; the Court House, 
Institutes for the Blind, the Insane, 
ihQ Deaf a.n.di Dumb; ih.&Propylaeum, 
erected by the women of the city, 
Classical Schools for Girls; Crown 
HUl with a beautiful view, a magnif- 
icent Soldier's Monument with colos- 
sal bronze statues, trophies of arms 
etc. ; the United States Arsenal on 
a hill east of the town, a depositary 
of war materials, buUt in 1863, and 
many handsome churches. The prin- 
cipal railroads cire: Canada & St. 
Louis; C. C. C. & St. Louis. 

Agents of the North German Llyod : 

Alex Metsger Agency, Odd Fel- 
lows Hall, Indianopolis, Lad. 

Frensel Bros, 1 W. Washington 
St., IndianopoUs, Ind. 

JEFFERSONVILLE, Ind. 

On the Ohio River, the depot of 
the Quartermaster:s Department of 
the United States Army, sends clothing 
and equipage to all the military posts. 
It was erected in 187 1-4 in a central 
locality of the Union, near large 
factories and raikoads, and the seat 
of important Government Depart- 
ments. 

KOKOMO, Ind. 

A prominent manufacturing city 
in the gas-belt of Indiana. 



LAFAYETTE, Ind. 
Situated on the Wabash, has 16,423 
inhab., in a rich farming country 
and has important factories. It is 
ihe'seat oi Ptirdtce University {x^l^ 
where 4000 students are taught in 
mechanics, engineering, agriculture 
and scientific branches. It contams 
an artesian well, from which issues 
sulphur water, possessing curative 
properties. Seven miles north of 
this city is the battle-field of Tipp- 
ecanoe, where Gen. Harrison con- 
quered the Indian chief Tecumseh 
ia 1812. Lafayette was one of the 
principal trading-posts of the French 
for more than two centuries. Rail- 
roads; C. C. C. & St. L.J Lake Erie 
& Western and Wabash. 

LOGANSPORT, Ind. 

A town on the Wabash River 
with 13,328 inh. surrounded by rich 
agricultural region, carries on an 
important trade in poplar and black- 
WEunut lumber, which is shipped 
here. The largest industrial estab- 
lishment is the Car Works of the 
Pittsburg'. Cincinnati, Chicago & St. 
Louis R. R. which covers several 
acres, and from which, several cars 
can be turned out daily. It lies at 
the intersection of four railroads. 
An Insane Hospital was opened in 
1888 and contains 360 inmates. 

Railroads: Chicago, St: Louis & 
Pittsburg; Terre Haute & Indiana- 
polis; Wabash. 

MADISON, Ind. 
Midway between Cincinnati and 
Louisville, beautifully situated 
on the Ohio and has 8,937 inh. It 
hasaseveral pork-packing etablish- 
ments, its provision trade is import- 
ant and there are brass foundries 
and factories — Railroads: Jeffer- 
sonville, Madison & Indianapolis. 

MISHAWAKA, Ind. 
South east of Elkhart, seat of the 
podge Mamtfacturing Company, 
it has a groimd plant of 80 acjres, 
with a floorage of 16 acres, lumber 
yard of 12 acres and a daily capacity 
of 600 pulleys. 

NEW ALBANY, Ind. 
On the Ohio River, a very hand- 



somelybuilt town with 2l,o59 inh. 
It is connected with LouisviUe, op- 
posite which it lies, by a splendid 
bridge, 2,453 ft. long. • The New 
Albany Glass - Works are the largest 
in America. The plant represents an 
expenditure of $ 2,000,000 and a 
business of $ 2,000,000 a year, exten- 
ding from New York to San Francisco. 
It covers 30 acres of ground and is 
owned by the heirs of W. C. De 
Pauw, an eminent business-man, 
glass-manufacturer, philanthropist and 
benefactor of Universities (De Patiw 
College for Women), who also 
established the great Woolen-Mills 
in 1861, the largest work of the kind, 
west of the Alleghany Mountains. — 
K.ailr ad - Connections : Jacks onville, 
Madison & Indianapolis; Louisville, 
New Albany & Chicago; Louisville, 
Evansville & St. Louis; N. Y. C. & 
St. Louis. 

RICHMOND, Ind. 

A flourishing city of 19,000 mhab. 
on the Whitewater River, in the 
center of a fertile agricultural district ; 
the chief articles of manufacture are 
agricultural machinery and im- 
plements. It is very handsomely 
built and has many fine residences: 
the County Covert House, the 
Morrison Library with 19,000 vol- 
umes. — Railroads: Chicago, St. 
Louis & Pittsburg; Grand Rapids & 
Indiana; Pittsbm-g, Cincinnati & St. 
Louis. 

SOUTH BEND. Ind. 

Situated on the Joseph River, a 
very busy manufacturing town with 
21,819 inh. Stodebaker Bros. 
Manu/actiiring Com-pany, a business 
started in 1852 with only a capital 
of $ 68, but a thorough knowledge of 
blacksmithing ; the four brothers 
began with two waggons as a first 
year's output, now 1500 workmen 
are employed and their carriages 
and waggons are sent all over the 
world. The Oliver Chilled Plow 
Works, on a plant, covering 42 acres 
and employing 1000 hands, is another 
great industrial undertaking. About 
a mile and a half, north of South 
Bend, is the chief Catholic School in 
the West, the University of Notre 
Dame; it has classical, scientific, 
civil engineering and commercial 



127 



courses, besides a three year's law 
course, with 7oo students; the younger 
ones, under 13 years of age, are 
taught by sis*ers of the Holy Cross. 
They form a company of cadets, 
whilst the older ones compose the 
Battalion of Hoyne Light Guards. 

Railroads : Chicago & Grand 
Trunk; Lake Shore & Michigan 
Southern; M. C; & L 

TERRE HAUTE, Ind. 
On the the east branch of the 
Wabash River, with 20,317 inh. a 
rapidly growing manufacturing and 
trading town, with many fine build- 
ings. The State Normal School, 
with 800 pupils; Rose Polytechnic 
Institute, founded in 1874 by Chaun- 
cey Rose, for the eduaction of young 
engineers, with a four years' course, 
free to Vigo County students; there 
is here a branch of the extensive 
Works of the Great American 



Wheel Company ahd the ttudnui 
Company' s establishment (with large 
plants) one of the leading ones for 
food prepzirations, such as: hominy, 
meal, com meal, com flour etc. 
The Hudnuts were the first to make 
use of the roller process for com 
goods. 

Railroads; Chicago & Eastern 
Illinois; C. C. C. & St. L. Evans- 
ville & Terre Haute; Terre Haute 
& Indianapolis. 

VINCENNES, Ind. 
On the Wabash River, with 8,853 
inhab., the oldest town in the State, 
having been settled by French Cana- 
dians in 1702; it was the capital of 
the Territory from 1800— 1814. It 
aoounds in coal and is a fertile 
country. — Railroads: Cleveland, 
Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis; 
Evansville & Terre Haute; Ohio & 
Mississippi. 



J 28 



INDIAN TERRITORY. 



The name Indian TeiTitory fairly 
indicates its origin as a political sub- 
division of the nation. It is the land 
originally reserved by the Govern- 
ment of the United States for the 
Indian tribes which were removed 
west of the Mississippi river, and 
for those living there. It extends 
between the parallels 33 » and 37 » 
north latitude and 94 " and 100 " long- 
itude west from Greenwich. It is 
870 miles long, and 220 miles wide, 
with an area of about 64,220 square 
miles. Kansas bounds it on the 
north, Arkansas on the east, Texas 
on the south and west, the Red river 
forms the boundary line between 
Indian Territory and Texas on the 
south. 

The Red river and its branches, 
the Arkansas river and its branches 
and innumerable small streams flow 
through it. Through the western 
part of the Territory there is a belt 
of timber forty or sixty miles in 
breadth, running its entire width. 
This belt is known as "Cross Timb- 
ers". As for the rest of the Ter- 
ritory the surface presents, in the 
main, a rolling prairie. Along the 
rivers there axe broad stretches of 
fertile lands covered with a natural 
growth of timber. In the south and 
southeast the Territory is covered 
with hills which vary in height from 
300 to 400 and 1,500 feet above the 
surrounding prairie. These hills, 
which are properly branches of the 
Ozark Moimtams, are known as the 
Wichita Mountains, Shawnee and San 
Bois HiUs. In the eastern portions 
there are outcroppings of granite, 



also to some extent in the Wichita 
Mountains. There are extensive de- 
posits of coal and iron, and the 
precious metal's are also known to 
aboimd. The climate is all that could 
be desired, and is well fitted for the 
production of cotton, tobacco, grain 
and fruits. West of the Cross Timb- 
ers the land diifers very much from 
the eastern section; here the climate 
is dry, the rainfall is about twenty- 
five inches, as against forty-five 
inches in the east, while the mean 
annual temperature is somewhat 
lower. The principal rivers are the 
Red and the Wachita in the south- 
em part. The Arkansas with its 
branches, the Neosho, the Salt and 
Red Forks, the Canadian and the 
North Fork water the northern and 
central portions. None of the rivers 
are of any consequence for navi- 
gation, and in the extreme west ir- 
rigation is necessary for successful 
agriculture. The vegetation differs 
as widely in the east from that in 
the west as do the soil and climate. 
The western part is covered with 
such flora as are peculiar to the ex- 
tensive western plains, while east of 
the Cross Timbers the vegetation is 
almost sub -tropical and is very 
abundant. 

The five civilized tribes — Cherok- 
ees, Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws 
and Seminoles — have made consid- 
erable progress in civilization, 

TAHLEGUAH, Ind. Ter. 
•Is the principal town of the Cher- 
okee Station, has 2,000 inhabitants. 
It contains the Cherokee National 



129 



Prison, an Asylum for the blind, 
deaf, dumb, insane etc. The Cher- 
okee Orphan Asylum is at Grand 
Saline. The girl's seminary is a 
handsome building in a park near 
Tahleguah; so is also the national 
Seminary, where 200 boys are study- 
ing. 

MUSCOGEE, Ind. Ter. 
Has about 3,000 inhabitants and 



has the Indian tTniversity. The town 
has several other schools as the 
Harrell Institute and the Presbyterian 
Mission School for girls. 

LEHIGH, Ind. Ter. 
Is the principal town of the Choct- 
aw Nation; large coal mines are in 
the neighborhood. About 3,000 
white people reside at Lehigh. 



130 



IOWA. 



Iowa was admitted as a State into 
the Union in 1846. It lies wholly 
beyond the Mississippi, which washes 
all its eastern boundary. On this 
side, its neighbors are Wisconsin 
and Illinois. On the north is Minne- 
sota: on the west, Minnesota and 
Nebraska, and upon the south, 
Missouri. The State has no very 
notable history, beyond the usual 
adventure and hardship of a lone 
forest life, among savage tribes. The 
settlement of the region was 
seriously begun (first at Buiiington) 
in the year 1833. 

The name of Iowa comes from 
Jhe Indian words Ah-hee-oo-ba, 
which means "The Drowsy Ones." 
An other interpretation means, Iowa 
"is the place where to dwell in peace." 
Iowa IS also often called ^,The 
Hawkeye State", which name first 
appeared in the „Fort Madison 
Patriot", of March 24, 1838 and was 
accepted by the lowans. This signi- 
fication was derived from the famaus 
old Indian chief, Black Hawk. 

The Latitude of Iowa is 40" 36' to 
43o 30' north, and the Longitude 
89" 5' to 96" 31' west. 

Its population in 1860 

was 674.913 
„ 1890 

was 1.911.896 

THE IOWA RIVER SYSTEM. 

The Des Moines River, the most 
important stream in Iowa, rises in 
Minnesota and flows 450 miles through 
the state, to its south-east extremity, 
where it enters the Missisippi, 4 miles 



below Keokuk. Is is navigable for 
some 250 miles. 

The Iowa River is 300 miles in 
length, and is navigable from the 
Mississippi upwards, 80 miles, to 
Iowa City. 

The Missouri and the Great Sioux 
rivers form the entire western 
boundary of Iowa. 

The Prairies, which are sometimes 
20 miles across, present many scenes 
of interest, in theirway — and it is 
a way not rmgrateful to the un- 
accustomed eyes of the visitor from 
the Atlantic States — monotonous 
as it may, possibly, grow in time. 

BURLINGTON, la. 

Burlington, formerly the capital of 
Iowa, and one of the most populous 
and important places in the State, 
is upon the Mississippi River, 250 
miles above St. Louis, 45 miles above 
Keokuk, and 88 miles east-south-east 
of Iowa City. Bm-lington is partly 
built upon the bluffs which charac- 
terize the shores of the Mississippi 
in this the most picturesque portion 
of its endless journey, from the Great 
Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico. In 
1890, its population was about 24,000. 

Railroads: Chicago, Burlington 
& Quincy ; Burlington, Cedar Rapids 
& Northern; Burlington & North- 
western; Burlington & Western. 

CEDAR RAPIDS, la. 
on the Red Cedar River, is a 
growing city of 18,020 inh., at the 
intersection of several important 
railways. It has a large water-power 



131 



on the river, with machinery and 
carriage factories, great oat-meal 
mills, pork packing establishments, 
and 25 wholesale trading-houses. 

COUNCIL BLUFFS, la. 
at the foot of the Missouri bluffs, 
3 mis. east of the Missom-i river, is 
one of the most important towns of 
Iowa, having a population of some 
21,000. It lies not far from the old 
meeting point of the Indian tribes; 
and here the Mormons tarried from 
1846 to 1849, while on their way to 
Utah. 6 railways running west from 
Chicago meet here the Union Pacific 
line, and others diverge to the north 
and south. 

DAVENPORT, la. 
on the Mississippi, at the foot of the 
Upper Rapids, opposite Rock Island, 
111., is the fourth largest city of 
Iowa, having 26,872 inh. It is the 
grain depot of the upper Mississippi, 
and also an important manufactm'ing 
centre, situated in the heai-t of 
extensive bituminous coal fields. 

Railroad: Chicago, Milwaukee & 
St. Paul; Chicago, Rock Island & 
Pacific. 

DES MOINES, la. 
selected as the capital of Iowa in 
1855, is at the junction of the Des 
Moines and Raccoon Rivers, 120 
miles West of Iowa City. Steam- 
boats ascend the Des Moines to 
Fort Des Moines, which was in 
former days the remotest outpost on 
the north-west frontier. As a United 
States military post, it was evacuated 
in 1846. The city, which contains 
some 50,000 inhabitants, is laid out 
in quadi-Uateral form, extending 4 
miles east and west and 2 imles 
north and south, and is intersected 
both by the Des Moines and Raccoon 
rivers, which are spanned by 8 bridg- 
es. The State -House, the State 
Arsenal and the U. S. Post Office 
ai-e the most remarkable public 
buildings ; there are also the Christians 
own Drake University, the University 
of Des Moines, founded in 1860, 
Calinan College and two medical 
colleges. 

Railroads: Chicago, Burlington & 
Quincy; Chicago & North Western; 
Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific, 



Chicago, St. Paul & Kansas City.; 

Des Moines &Kansas City; Des Moines 

& Northwestern; St. Louis, Des 

Moines & Northern. 
Agents of the North German Lloyd: 
Frank S. Wells, Des Moines, Iowa. 
W. W. Williams. Des Moines, Iowa, 



DUBUQUE, la. 

Is upon the banks of the Upper 
Mississippi, in the midst of a very- 
picturesque country. It is, indeed, 
if we possibly except Iowa City, the 
most beautiful town in the State. 
It occupies a broad, elevated terrace, 
which stretches along the great 
river for miles. Many fine buildings 
ai-e to be seen here. Numerous 
railways of the West find their way 
to this point. Dubuque is the oldest 
town in Iowa, having been settled 
by the French as long ago as 1786. 
Its population is more than 30,000, 
and is the thii-d largest city of Iowa. 

Railroads: Chicago, Milwaukee & 
St. Paul; Illinois Central; Chicago, 
St. Paul & Kansas City. 

IOWA CITY, la. 

Charmingly situated upon some 
oval bluffs on the Iowa River, about 
80 miles from the meeting of thaf 
stream with the Mississippi. The 
site of the city was wilderness, in 
1839, when it was selected as the 
seat of government, now moved to 
Des Moines. It had in 1839 a 
population of some 600 or 700 people, 
now increased to some 7,000 inhab. 

Railroads; Burlington, Cedar 
Rapids ,& Northern; Rock Island & 
Pacific. 

KEOKUK, la. 

"The Gate City", is one of the 
most populous towns in Iowa, having 
a population of some 14,000. It has 
a pleasant site on a high bluff, on 
a. long cui-ve of the Mississippi, at 
the foot of the Lower Mississipi, 
125 miles, below Iowa City. In 1840, 
there were a dozen huts here, sur- 
rounded by a deer forest, where 7 
railways now converge, hi a city of 
iron foundries and meat-packiug 
bouses. 



132 



MARSHALLTOWN, la. 
314 miles from Chicago on the 
Chicago Great Western K. R. is a 
busy city of some 8,200 inhabitants 
near the centre of Iowa. Siirrounded 
by rich agricultural lands, it is the 
market for a large section. 

MUSCATINE, la. 

Is upon the Mississippi, 100 miles 
above Keokuk, and 32 miles from 
Iowa City, having a population of 
some 12,000 inhabitants. It is the 
shipping point of an extensive and 
fertile country, and its lumber bus- 
iness is large. 

Railroads : Burlington, Cedar Ra- 
pids & Northern, Chicago, Rock 
Island & Pacific. 

OTTUMWA, la. 
On the Des Moines River, is the 
largest city on the Chicago Burl- 
ington & Quincy R. R. between the 
Mississippi and Missouri Rivers. It 
has a population of some 14,000, 
busy in manufactures and in a trade 
amounting to $ 6,000,000 yearly. It 
is situated in a very fertile country 



and enjoys a good water-power 
from its river, which is here spanned 
by a large bridge. Ottumwa is 281 
miles from Chicago. 

SIOUX CITY, la. 

The second largest city of Iowa 
with 37,800 inhab., a flourishing 
manufacturing and railroad center, 
and withal a lovely place of homes. 
It was laid out in 1854 at the bend 
of the Missouri, and covers a wide 
area of rich farming country with 
its commerce. It has extensive raeat 
packing works and manufactories, 
including one of the largest flaxseed- 
oil mills, using 2,000 cai^-loads of 
flaxseed yearly; Over 25,000,000 
bricks are made here yearly, and 
vast quantities of stoneware. 

Railroads : Chicago, Milwaukee & 
St. Paul; Illinois Central; Ch. St. 
Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha. 

Agents of the North German Lloyd; 

Chas Evert, Sioux City, Iowa. 



133 



KANSAS. 



The name "Kansas" is an Indian 
word which means "smoky water," 
and was originally applied to the 
Kansas or Kaw River, which runs 
through the State. The region now- 
known as Kansas appears to have 
been visited by Spaniards in 1541 
and explored by the French in 1719; 
it was a part of the Louisiana pm-chase 
of 1803, and afterward formed a 
portion of the Indian Territory. 
Organized as a Territory in 1854, 
it was admitted as a State into the 
Union in January 1861. Kansas has 
an area ot a little over 81,000 square 
miles ; it is 400 miles in length and 
200 miles wide, and has a frontage 
of 150 miles on the Missouri River. 

Kansas occupies the exact geogra- 
phical center of the United States, 
midway between the two oceans on 
the east andwest, and British America 
and Mexico on the north and south. 

The State lies between 37» and 
40o north latitude, and between 94", 
38' and 102" west longitude. 

K2insas is distinctively a prairie 
State; its broad sui^face is diversified 
by an endless succession of valleys 
and woodlands. The Great Central 
valley is traversed by the Kansas, 
or Kaw River, which, inclusive of 
the Smoky Hill branch, extends the 
entire length of the State. Another 
broad valley is formed in the southern 
half of the State by the Arkansas 
river, while numerous lateral valleys 
on the north are formed by minor 
streams. In the southeastern portion 
lies the important Neosho valley and 
the smaller valleys of the Osage and 
Verdigris. In the extreme southwest 



and along the southern boundary are 
the valley of the Cimarron and a 
network of the southern tributaries 
of the Arkansas. The northeastern 
quarter is enriched by numerous 
small affluents of the Missom"i. The 
streams of Kansas are generally fed 
by perennial springs, and, as a rule, 
the eastern and middle portions of 
the State are well watered. The 
western part is more elevated and 
water is less abundant. The population 
of the State amounts to 1,500,000. 

ABILENE, Ks. 

Pop. 4,300; 163 mUes from Kansas 
City; elevation, 1,093 feet; the seat 
of Dickinson County. Wheat and 
corn are the principal staples in this 
vicinity. Connections by rail are: 
A. T. & S. F. and C, K. & N. 

ANTHONY, Ks. 

Population, 1,806. County seat of 
Harper coimty. 

It is situated at the junction of 
the Missomi Pacific and the Hutchin- 
son & Southern, and at the western 
termination of the 'Frisco railroad, 
thus securing outlets to points north, 
northeast, east and southeast. The 
Hutchinson & Southern Railroad is 
a feeder for the Union Pacific, and 
its southern prospectivepointis Galve- 
ston, Texas. The district adjacent 
to the ground on which the citjr is 
built is an open, gently undulating 
prairie, with a fertile soil, suitable 
for the cultivation of all cereals, but 
producing chiefly at present good 
crops of wheat, oats and corn. 



134 



ARICANSAS CITY, Ks. 

Population, 8,347. With the opening 
of the Cherokee strip, Arkansas City 
becomes at once a most important 
point. It is a thriving, busy place 
Eilready, and the impetus which will 
be given it by the settlement of the 
new lands, will unquestionably in- 
crease its commercial importance. 

A canal five mUes long, running 
through the city, from the Arkansas 
to the Walnut rivers, affords a 15,000 
horse power, which can easUy be 
iacreased by enlarging this canal, 
and which already places the city 
at the front as a manufacturing 
center. The factories which depend 
on the canal for their power are the 
City Roller Mills, with a capacity of 
300 barrels a day; the Plummer 
Chair Factory, Kirkwood Wind-mill 
Factory, mattress factory, Canal 
Planing MUls and electric light works. 
The city also contains the Danks 
Foimdry and Machiae Shops, two 
wholesale groceries and one whole- 
sale dry goods store, a large hotel 
and an opera house. 

ATCHISON, Ks. 

Atchison was settled in 1854 and 
has a population of 26,758. 

Atchison lies in a sort of an 
amphitheatre, its busiaess center 
being in the valley of a creek, locally 
known as White Clay creek, and its 
residences occupy the hiUs which 
rise on either side. 

It is within one hundred miles of 
the geographical center of the United 
States, and is nine hundred feet 
above the sea. 

The territory included in the city- 
proper is about two and one-half 
miles north and south, by two miles 
east and west. Its surface is kregular, 
rising from the low, level bottom 
ground of the creek to the bluffs and 
hills nearly two himdred feet high. 
The natm-al drainage is unsurpassed, 
and the high elevations fiu-nish 
beautiful and healthful sites for 
residences. 

The water supply of the city is in 
first-class hands, and is ample for 
all purposes. 

The city is lit by gas and 
electricity, and its streets are well 
paved. 



The Missouri river is here spanned 
by a steel raikoad and highway 
bridge, by which six lines of rail- 
road reach the city from the east. 
Seven railroads run west from 
Atchison, making thirteen in all; 
among them the Missouri Pacific. 

Atchison's wholesale trade now 
amounts to more than $60,000,000 
annually. The city is a leading 
wholesale town of Kansas, her chief 
market bemg this State and Nebraska. 
The grocery trade stands first, with 
two firms at its head, doing between 
them seven million dollars of busmess, 
besides other smaller concerns. 
Lumber . sales run up to thirteen 
million dollars. Ingrain, her elevators 
handle some ten million dollars 
worth of cereals. The output of 
flour from the fom^ roller mills is 
about fifteen hiuidred barrels daLl}^ 
when running full. The wholesale 
di-ug house sells over one million 
dollai-s worth of goods annually; the 
other lines of jobbing trade represen- 
ted are hardware, notions, gents' 
furnishings, dry goods, tin-plate, 
produce, seeds, plumbers' supplies, 
coal, sash and Islmds. 

BELLEVILLE, Ks. 
Pop. 4,300; eight miles from 
Lawrenceijurg, the junction station. 

BELOIT, Ks. 
Pop. 2,000; 57 miles from Solomon 
on the Solomon Branch of the U. P. 

CLAY CENTRE, Ks. 
Town of 5000 inh. ; 147 miles from 
Leavenworth : station of the Leaven- 
worth Branch of the K. P. 

CLYDE, Ks. 
Pop., 2,150; from Junction City 
56 miles on the Junction City & Fort 
Keai-ny branch of the U. P. 

CONCORDIA, Ks. 
Pop. 4000; from Junction City 71 
miles on the Junction Cit}^ & Fort 
Kearny Branch of the U. P. 

ELLIS, Ks. 
Railroad station of 1,350 inh., 303 
miles from Kansas City, elevation 
2,056 feet; an agricultural town. 



135 



ELLSWORTH, Ks. 

Population, 2,000; from Salina 
37 miles; elevation, 1,471 feet. It 
is the seat of Ellsworth county, 
situated on the north bend of the 
Smoky Hill river; settled in 1867. 
This was for many yeai-s a great 
shipping point for cattle, but the 
advent of the lai^'mers has crowded 
the caii[e-jnen—/ttrlAer west. The 
town has some large stone business 
blocks, a good hotel, and many fine 
buildings. The large grain elevator 
is an evidence that wheat has taken 
the place of cattle. 

FORT SCOTT, Ks. 

The county seat of Bumbon county; 
has a population of 11,946. 

Fort Scott presents considerable 
attraction to manufactiu-ers. It is 
the center of a country where nature 
has provided plenty of raw materials 
for factories, such as limestone for 
building and smelting purposes, 
cement rock ec[ual to the Louisville, 
clay for all kinds of heavy pottery, 
fire claj, timber of all kinds m great 
profusion, sandstone flagging, flax, 
sugar- cane, straw for coarser class 
of paper, the best of brick clay, 
broom corn. An inexhaustible supply 
of coal underlies the entii-e city; also 
natm-al gas wells aboimd in the 
neighborhood. The mines to the 
south yield abundantly lead and zinc. 

This city is now one of the 
important raibroad centers to the 
Southwest, being situated at the 
intersection of three great trunk lines, 
the Missouri Pacific, the Kansas City, 
Fort Scott & Memphis, and the M., 
K. & T. Eight lines in all center 
here. The Missomi Pacific has 
recently completed two more, and a 
belt line ai^ound the city. 

It is an important jobbing center, 
being the source of supply for the 
mining and agricultmal towns of 
the surrounding region. Its public 
improvements are complete, consist- 
ing of water works, sewerage, electric 
light plant, illuminating and fuel gas 
plant, telephone exchange, and every 
metropolitan convenience; several 
costly hotels, U. S. court house, 
normal school, seven public school 
buildings, four strong banks, aggre- 



gating $ 1,000,000 capital, seven 
newspapers, t^-^o jomnals, seven miles 
of street railway, soon to be increased 
and operated by electric power. 
Natmal gas is found in considerable 
quantities at a depth of from 300 to 
800 feet, and fuel and lighting ai-e 
obtained at very small cost. The 
town is built in the valley of the 
Marmaton River, which furnishes 
ample waterpower for all pm-poses. 

HAYS, Ks. 

Population, 1,350; from Salina, 
103 miles ; elevation, 1,936 feet. Is 
the seat of Ellis county, named for 
the government post established here 
in 1867, situated about half a mile 
south, on a high plateau. 

The citizens and settlers in the 
vicinity of Hays are mostly farmers. 
The coimty is well watered by the 
Smoky, Big Creek and the Salina. 

I^ori Hays. Is the headquarters 
of the 18th Infantry. 

Connections. Mail hack: North 
six times a week, to Martin, 16 nules; 
Painsville, 10 miles, and Stockton, 
15 miles. Also northeast to Catherine, 
nine miles, twice a week. To the 
southeast six mUes to Munjor, and 
14 nules to Pheifer, 14 miles, three 
times a week. Southwest 12 miles 
to Palatine, thence west 12 miles 
to Stockbridge. 

HOLTON, Ks. 
Town of 3000 inh.; 55 miles from 
Leavenworth; station of the Leaven- 
worth Branch of the K. P. 

HUTCHINSON, Ks. 

The salt industry of Kansas centers 
at Hutchinson, which is the county- 
seat of Reno county. Population, 8,682. 

Hutchinson has five different rail- 
road lines ; a perfect system of street 
railways. Also a complete system of 
water works and electric lights. The 
city is supplied with a complete 
system of sewerage. The wholesale 
groceries and dry goods houses are 
among the largest m the West, and 
are doing a flourishing and rapidly 
increasing business. The business 
blocks and residences of the city are 
noted for their elegance and cost- 
liness. 

The State Reformatory is located 
near here. 



136 



JUNCTION CITY, Ks. 

Population, 5,000; from Kansas 
city 139 miles; elevation, 1,021 feet. 
Railroads: U. P. and M. P. Is the 
seat of Davis county, situated at 
the junction of the Smoky and 
Republican rivers, which form the 
Kansas; it is surrounded by lands 
of great fertility, are thickly settled 
and highly cultivated. The city has 
the usual number of stores, shops, 
hotels, etc., foimd in a place of its 
size, and is gradually accumulating 
wealth. The Jimction City marble 
quarries, are located just to the north, 
under the bluffs. 

Two-mUes-and-a-half fromjimction 
City is Fort Riley. 3000 men and 
about as many horses are quartered 
here. It is a cavalry and artillery 
school. The most imposing of the 
forty buildings it comprises, is the 
post administration building, contain- 
ing a library and a lecture room 
besides the offices. A reservoir on 
the top of a hill has a capacity of 
500,000 gallons of water. Fort 
Riley is worth visiting. 

' KANSAS CITY, Ks. 
Is situated on the sloping bluffsjust 
across the Kansas river, and might 
well be called a suburb of Kansas 
City, Missom'i. It is connected by 
motor cars, has a population of 
about 38,316, many of whom do 
business in Kansas City, Missouri, 
and have their homes here. The city 
is on a portion of the lands once 
owned by the Delaware Indians, who 
sold them in 1842 to the Wyandotte 
Indians, the remnants of a tribe from 
the state of Ohio. The lands adjoin- 
ing the city are in a high state of 
cultivation, and large orchards of 
fruit are numerous. The Kansas 
State Institution for the Blind • is 
lokated here. 



. LAWRENCE Ks. 
Pop., 10,000; from Kansas City, 
39 miles; elevation, 763 feet. The 
seat of Douglass county; named for 
the millionau-e Lawrences, of Boston, 
Mass. The city proper is opposite 
the depot on the south side of the 
bridges. It is situated in the midst 

137 



of the richest and most fertile portion 
of Kansas, as well as being the most 
beautiful city in the state. The city 
has horse railroads and all the modem 
improvements. Settled in 1854. Raided 
by Quantrell'sbandAugust 21st, 1863, 
who burned the town, and murdered 
upwards of 100 imarmed citizens. 

In the southern part of the city 
is located the State University, on 
the summit of Mt. Oread, from which 
point you look upon a very beautiful 
landscape, dotted in all directions 
with hundreds of farm houses. The 
Library of the University numbers^ 
20,000 volumes. In the Natural 
History collections there are over 
175,000 specimens. Snow Hall is 
the home of the Dyche collection of 
North American Mammals. The 
University is divided into five schools, 
Arts, Pharmacy, Law, Music and 
Engineering. 

Connections by rail are: Southern 
Kansas and Atchison, Topeka and 
Santa Fe. 

Another attractive feature of Law- 
rence, is Bismarck Grove, one of the 
grandest natural parks in the country. 
Art has added to its beauties, and 
now there are three beautiful lakes 
in it, fed by water works, on which 
are kept several row boats for the 
use of the visitor. Bismarck Grove 
has become famous for its fine herd 
of buffalo and deer, and himdreds 
of people visit the park to see the 
last remnant of the "Monarch of the 
Plains." 

The United States Indian School, 
better known as the Haskell Institute, 
is located just outside the city limits. 
There are four very large buildings 
constructed so as to form a half circle, 
and here are being educated some 
for himdred Indian girls and boys, 
from about forty different tribes. It 
is an industrial school, and all must 
work at some trade a half day and 
go to school the other half. The 
boys are uniformed and the six 
companies form the Haskell Institute 
Battalion, which, headed by then- 
band of Indian boys, makes an impos- 
ing appearance. Man)^ visitors go out 
to the school to witness then.- weekly 
driU$. 



LEAVENWORTH, Ks. 

in the State, 



is the oldest city- 
population 18,800. 

It is one of the termini of the Union 
Pacific; the Missoui-i Pacific and other 
railroads have stations here. 

The city is situated on a high 
plateau on the .west bank of the 
Missouri River, twenty-five miles 
above Kansas City, the site is rolling, 
and furnishes a perfectly natural 
s}^stem of drainage. 

The smToundings are more than 
ordinarily picturesque. Fort Leaven- 
worth is one of the most magnificent 
militai-y posts m the country, and 
located there are the military prison 
and officers' 'School of Occupation". 
"Sheridan's Ride", a lovely bit of 
winding road which creeps around 
the cresl of the hills to the north of 
the Fort, was named in honor of 
gallant Phil when he was command- 
ant of the post. There are num- 
berless walks and drives in the 
spacious grounds of the Soldier's 
Home, located south of the city, 
where 1,200 veterans find sumptuous 
quarters. The subsistence depart- 
ment, one of the most important at 
the post, has charge of all the 
necessary stores for the Department 
of Missoiuri. The amount of rations 
issued thi-ough the post is about 
80,000,000 poimds a year. 

But there are advantages beyond 
pretty scenery. Leavenworth is situ- 
ated in an exceedingly rich agiicul- 
tural district; wheat and corn axe 
produced in great abundance, and 
cattle-raising forms a very large item 
among the products of this section. 
It is not generally known that this 
modest, conservative city contains 
the thii'd lai-gest stove manufactory 
in the United States, or that she 
stands in the center of twenty-five 
miles squai-e of coal. Experts estimate 
that the city is actually located on a 
siurface covering 28,000,000,000 bush- 
els of coal! There are three shafts 
now being operated quite close to 
the city, and these are dry and free 
from gas. 

There ai-e 110 manufactories in 
Leavenworth — immense works for the 
making of mill machinery, steam 
engines, bridge and iron work, and 

laa 



all prospering. There seems to be 
no question as to the healthfulness 
of the climate or the very great 
natural advantages of Leavenworth 
as a manufacturing center. 



MANHATTAN, Ks. 

Is the seat Of Riley county. Settled 
in 1854 by a colony of Ohio "pilgrims", 
who pm-chased a small steamboat at 
Cincinnati, steamed down the Ohio 
river, and up the Mississippi, Missouri 
and Kansas rivers to this place, 
where they settled in wdiat was then 
a wild Indian country, living on their 
boat until buildings could be erected. 
The evidences of their enterprise 
and thrift can be seen on all sides. 
Manhattan has 3,100 inhabitants and 
is 44 miles from Topeka. 

The Agricultural College of the 
state of Kansas, and a kind of 
experimental farm, is located at 
Manhattan. Congress, in its benev- 
olent wisdom, endowed this college 
with a land grant of 81,000 acres, 
most of which has been sold, realizing 
nearly half a milUon of dollars. The 
institution has 400 acres fencpd and 
cultivated; the greater portion is in 
vines and orchards of fruit of dif- 
ferent varieties. 

Connections: Union Pacific ; Atchi- 
son, Topeka and Santa Fe; and 
Chicago, Kansas Nebraska Railroads. 

MC. PHERSON, Ks. 
Population, 3,200; from SalLna 
36 miles on the Salina Br£mch of 
the U. P. 

MINNEAPOLIS, Ks. 
Pop. 2,300; 23 miles from Solomon 
on the Solomon Branch of the U. P. 

NEWTON, Ks. 

Population, 5.605. County seat of 
Haivey coimty. It is a junction 
point on the Missouri Pacific and 
Atchison railroads. 

Among the prominent industries 
of the city may be mentioned the 
roller mills, with a capacity of from 
300 to 400 barrels per day; the cor- 
nice works and the carriage and 
buggy works, specimens of their 
handiwork being met with all over 
the West as far as the Pacific Ocezm. 
Bethel College is located here. 



OGDENSBURG, Ks. 

I/ittle town 55 miles from Topeka 
is of historic interest in the aimals 
of the state, as being the place where 
the first territorial legislature, 
convened by Gov. Reeder, met to 
"save the country." 

The place was settled in 1856. 

Fort Riley. — Is both a raikoad 
station and a government post, five 
miles beyond Ogdensburg. The 
station is for the fort, which is 
situated to the right, upon a high 
plateau; established in 1852, in 
latitude 39» north, 96" 30' west. The 
post was first known as "Camp 
Center," being situated in the 
geographical center of the United 
States. The post is the headquarters 
of the Seventh cavalry. 

OSAWATOMIE, Ks. 

Population, 2,662. The Kansas 
State Insane Asylum is located at 
this place. It is a magnificent structure, 
has over five hundred inmates, and 
gives employment to over eighty 
officers and attendants. 

Natural gas has been developed 
by the Pennsylvania Gas and Mining 
Company. Several wells have been 
put down, and at a depth of four 
hundred feet a splendid flow, has 
been found, which is of sufficient 
quantity that the cit)'' and also the 
asylum are supplied with fuel. 

OTTAWA, Ks. 
Population, 6000. The Missouri 
Pacific has large establishments here, 
including a Railway Hospital. There 
are various manufacturing enterprises 
such as an oil and paint mill of fair 
capacity; three gram elevators, two 
foundries, . two planiag mUls, and a 
soap factory. "Forest Park" is' the 
pride of the city. It is splendidly 
improved, and fitted up with build- 
ings of various kinds, wherein are 
held the county fair and the widely 
known Chautauqua Assembly. 

RUSSELL, Ks. 
Population, 1,800; from Salina, 
77 imles; elevation 1,765 feet. Is 
the seat of Russell county, settled 
in 1871, by a colony from Ripon, 
Wisconsin. It is situated about four 



miles south oi the south bend of 
Salina river, surrounded by rich 
lands, well settled and cultivated. 

The Victoria colony is located 
16 miles west of Russell. Established 
by the late Mr. George Grant, a 
wealthy Scotchman, who bought 
30.000 acres of the railroad lands, 
sold a portion to the colony settlers 
and re.tained a large estate lor 
himself. The lands have a rich soU, 
are easy to cultivate, and produce 
an abundant harvest. 

The town and vicinity contains a 
population of about 1,200, the com- 
fortable homes dotting the landscape 
in every direction, surrounded by 
well-tilled fields, horses, cattle and 
sheep. 

SALINA Ks. 

Pop., 6,500; from Kansas City, 
186 miles; elevation, 1,163 feet. Is 
the seat of Salina county; settled in 
1858. The surroundings are princip- 
ally agricultural— wheat, corn, hay 
and general farm products. There 
are a few small herds of cattle and 
sheep in the bounty, and sorae exten- 
sive quarries of gypsum and fire and 
potters' clay; also several salt springs 
that are being volatilized for the 
production of salt; cottonwood, oak 
ash, elm and box-elder, skirt all the 
streams. Farmers are planting black 
walnuts in large quantities. The 
town contains several large grain 
elevatorSjlargebusiness blocks, hotels, 
newspapers and stores and shops of 
all kinds. The Salina river is crossed 
just before reaching Salina. 

Salina is proud of her schools and 
colleges. The Normal University, 
the Kansas Wesleyan, controlled by 
the Methodist denomination, the St. 
John Military Institute, are all located 
here. 

Railroads: U. P.; M. P.; A. T. 
and S. F.; C, K. and N. 

SALOMON, Ks. 
Pop. 2,100; from Abilene, nine 
miles; elevation, 1,111 feet. Is 
situated near the junction of Salomon 
and Smoky Hill rivers, in the midst 
of a fine agricultural section of 
country. Corn and wheat are the 
principal staples. Railroads; U. G. ' 
A. T. & St. F.; C. K. &U, 



139 



ST. MARY'S, Ks. 

Pop. 2,800; from Topeka, 15 miles 
on the Kansas Pacific R. R. is an 
important place in some respects. 
The Jesuit Fathers visited this place 
nearly 50 years ago and established 
mission schools among the Indians. 
More recently they erected here large 
educational institutions. One for 
females is known as "The Seminary 
of the Sacred Heart." The building 
is to the north of the raikoad, is of 
brick with stone trimmings, 100 feet 
front and fom- stories in height, 
completed in 1871. The college for 
males is adjoining, and can 
accommodate 1,300 students. 

The country is thickly settled 
ai'ound about. Corn is the principal 
crop, though much wheat and 
vegetables are raised. 

TOPEKA, Ks. 

is the Capital of the State of Kansas 
and County seat of Shamiee county. 
— Foiir great Railroad systems enter 
the city : The Kansas Pacific, Missom-i 
Pacific, A. T. & St. Fe and C. K. & N. 
Population 31,000. — It is the most 
important milluig center west of 
St. Louis. 

The United States Court House, 
Pension Office and Post Office Build- 
ing, erected in 1882, at a cost of 
$ 300,000, occupies a prominent 
corner in the business center of the 
city. 

The new State Capitol is an 
imposing structm-e of native stone, 
standing within a very pretty 
miniature park. In another corner of 
the park is the handsome public 
library building, already well filled 
with library treasm-es. 

The principal streets are from 
eightj to one hundred and thirty feet 
in width, and the residence streets 
are beautifully pai'ked and shaded. 
Ten miles of street are paved with 
asphalt, stone, cedar blocks, and 
vitrified brick. 

The State Asylum for the Insane 
is located west of the city, on 
spacious grounds, and occupies five 
immense buildings, recently erected, 
with all modern improvements. 

The State Reform School is locateri 
Oft a fine fairo of one hundred and 



sixty acres, north of the city, Juid 
has four large buildings with 
accommodations for two hundred 
boys. 

There are over one hundred churcn 
organizations in the city, occupy- 
ing forty-eight church edimces. Many 
of these are magnificent structures, 
and the church property, is valued 
at $632,000. The bishops of the 
Methodist Episcopal and Episcopal 
churches reside here, and preparations 
are made for the construction of an 
Episcopal Cathedral to cost $250,000. 

The Topeka Free Public Library 
occupies a beautiful building on the 
State House grounds, erected for its 
special use at a cost of $50,000. It 
contains over 10,000 volumes. 

State Library, owned by the Statq 
of Kansas, is one of the largest and 
best in the country, and is open tc 
all dm-ing business hours. 

Library of the State Historical 
Society is also kept in the State 
House. It contains 35,000 volumes, 
and is particularly rich in historical 
works. 

Topeka has a large number of 
manufactming and industrial establish- 
ments, although not dependent on 
water-power ; it has also an excellent 
system of electric street railways. 
Its flour mills and elevators do a 
fine business. 

The city is provided with water- 
works, gas-works, and electric lights. 
The handsome State Fair Grounds, 
two miles to the southwest, are con- 
nected with the city by electric and 
horse railroads. 

Topeka is clean, well drained, and 
a healthy city. The climate is 
salubrious, and with the natural 
location and splendid sewer system, 
perfect drainage is obtained. 

The city is well supplied with 
hotels. 

There are 86 daily and weekly 
newspapers in Topeka. 

WALLAS, Ks. 

Population, 300; from Wa-Keeney, 
99 miles; Denver, 219 miles; ele- 
vation, 3,286 feet. Is the seat of 
Wallace county, situated on the 
Smoky Hill river, and a rolling 
jnairie, two miles northwest of Fort 



140 



Wallace, which was established here 
111 1866. 

Time changes here from "Central" 
to "Western". 

WAMEGO, Ks. 
Pop. 2,000. From Topeka 28 miles 
on the K. P., a thrifty town, situated 
in the midst of a section of country 
well watered by small streams; it is 
thickly settled. 

WICHITA, Ks. 

The county seat of Sedgwick 
county, population, 23,850. 

Wichita is one of the best railroad 
points in Kansas. It has no less 
than ten lines running to all points 
of the compass. The Missouri Pacific 
system gives her direct connection 
to Kansas City, thence east and 
north; also with Denver, Colo. It 
has likewise a line running into the 
southwestern part of the State. 

The stock j^ards are now doing a 
fine, steady business. These yards 
were first opened in 1887. They 
had hardly got started when they 
were burned out on the 18 th day 
of October. On the 1st day. of 
November, 1888, they were again 
opened. They cover sixty acres of 
ground — fourteen acres under shed- 
ding. They have a capacity for 
5,000 cattle and 10,000 hogs. They 
havel25 hj^drants. The capital stock, 
$600,000, is all owned in Wichita. 

Wichita has every advantage of 
locati on. It is situated on the east 
bank of the Arkansas river, near the 

1 'unction of that stream with the 
kittle Arkansas, in the finest valley 
west of the Mississippi. 

There are eighteen public schools, 
including a high school. 

Wichita is located in the bosom 
of the gxeat Arkansas valley, better 
known as the Happy valley, fifty 



miles north of the Indian Territory 
line and two hundred miles west of 
any other city. By her fortunate 
location she holds the key to the 
trade of the great Southwest. 

The city is lighted by electricity 
and gas, has a good sewerage system 
and telephone service. 

WINFIELD, Ks. 

Population, 5,184. Situated on an 
elevated plateau, in a rich agricul- 
tural county, Winfield commands the 
trade of a wide district, and is 
steadily advancing in commercial 
importance. Nine railroads center 
here. The city has all the modern 
conveniences^ — gas, water works, elec- 
tric lights, street railways, etc. — and 
is especially well provided with 
educational facilities in the Southwest 
M. E. College and well conducted 
public schools. Here meets each 
year, in one of the most beautiful 
parks, the Chautauqua Assembty. 
AI the religious denomiaations are 
represented and have commodious 
places of worship. In addition to the 
various manufacturing entei"prises, 
a source of wealth is connected with 
the stone interest. The magnesia 
limestone, which is here in unlimited 
abundance, is pronounced the best 
for building and other purposes of 
any in the State. It is obtamed with 
little labor and shipped to all poiaits. 
Wiafield is ornamented with it in 
her palatial buildings, and over 
seventy miles of flagging has been 
used in laying sidewalks. The Walnut 
river, upon which the exellent water 
works system is located, fm-nishes 
power to run a vast quantity of 
machinery and is a clear stream 
abounding in excellent food fish of 
various kmds. By this stream the 
city is fm-nished with perfect drainage. 



141 



KENTUCKY. 



The first visit of Daniel Boone 
and his companions to the wilder- 
ness of Kentucky was about the year 
1769, at which period the earliest 
settlement was made at Boones- 
borough. In 1776 Kentucky became 
a county of Vu-ginia. A memorable 
battle was fought near the Blue 
Lick Springs, August 19., 1782, be- 
tween the Kentuckians and the Ind- 
ians — an unequal and disastrous 
conflict, in which the colonists were 
routed, with a loss of 60 men, among 
them a son of the gallant Boone. 
In 1778, Du Quesne, with his Canad- 
ian and Indian army, was bravely 
repulsed at Boonesborough. Ken- 
tucky came into the Union in 1792, 
being the second state after the Re- 
volution. The Kentuckians have al- 
ways been a martial race. They 
furnished for the War of 1812 three 
U. S. Infantry regiments, besides 
many regiments of hard- fighting 
military. To the Mexican war they 
sent 13,700 brave volunteers. Dur- 
ing the Secession movement Ken- 
tucky at first stood aside, endeavor- 
ing to remain an armed neutral 
State, mediating between the com- 
batants. She was a slave holding 
conamunity, having the closest social 
and business relations with the South. 
but on the other hand her people 
loved the Union. A large proportion 
of the Kentuckians entered the arm- 
ies, 91,000 of them fighting under 
the Stars and Stripes, and 40,000 
under the Stars and Bars. Dis- 
regarding the Governor's profes- 
sion of neutrahty, the Confederates 
marched into the State. September 



3., 1861 and the Federals September 
7., and for years after Kentucky 
became again "the Dai-k and Bloody 
Ground". 

The population of Kentucky was 
in 1860: 1,155,684 
„ 1890: 1,858,635. 

About one sixth of the population 
is colored. 

Kentucky lies between 36" 30' and 
39° 6' north latitude and between 
82" 3' and 89" 26' west longitude. 
The name means "The Dark and 
Bloody Ground". 

THE KENTUCKY-RIVER SYSTEM. 

Kentucky is peculiarly blessed by 
its rivers, rising in the great Cumb- 
erland range, and passmg through 
narrow canons and deep glens for 
many leagues, overlooked by cas- 
tellated and cavernous rocks, and a 
rich vegetation of almost tropical 
luxuriance. The streams abound in 
eatable fish. 

The Mississippi flows along the 
western frontier for 80 miles, the 
avenue of a mighty commerce, but 
with no important Kentuckian ports. 

The Ohio river forms the entire 
northern boundary of Kentucky; 
thus giving her, with the aid of the 
many streams which come from the 
interior of the State into these great 
highways, the greatest possible fac- 
ilities for the transportation of her 
staples to all markets. 

The Kentticky River, like most 
of the streams here, is remarkable 
for picturesque beauty; its passage, 
in a course of 200 miles, north- 
west, to the Ohio, is often through 



142 



bold limestone ledges, ranged on 
either side of the narrow dark chan- 
nel in grand perpendicular cliffs. 

The Cumberland River is one of 
the largest of the tributaries of the 
Ohio. It has its source in the Cum- 
berland Mountains, in 'the south-east 
corner of the State, and flows 600 
miles, making a bend into Ten- 
nessee, and then traversing western 
Kentucky. 

The LickinfC River flows from the 
Cumberland Mountains, 200 miles, 
into the Ohio, opposite Cincinnati. 

Green River is about 300 miles 
in length. It rises in the eastern 
section of the State, and flows west- 
ward for some 150 miles , through 
the limestone regions and by the 
Mammoth Cave, finally entering the 
Ohio, nine miles above Evansville in 
Indiana. 

Salt River, named in token of the 
Salt Springs which abound in its 
vicinity, enters the Ohio 22 miles 
below Louisville. 

The Tennessee River rises among 
the Cumberland Mountains of Eastern 
Kentucky, and flows 70 miles within 
the limits of this State. 

MAMMOTH CAVE, Ky. 

Many and varied as are the 
natural beauties and wonders in 
Kentucky, the most strange and 
magnificent of them all remains' yet 
to be seen in the social halls and 
chambers of the famous Mammoth 
Cave.. At Glasgow Junction, 91 mis. 
From Louisviue, all trains make 
connection with the Mammoth Cave 
R. R., running to the Mammoth Cave, 
9 mis. distant, and allow a "stop 
over" to visitors. At the Mammoth 
Cave Hotel, near the cave entrance, 
guides, boats, etc., can be procured. 

After exploring the ante-chambers 
and the Audubon Avenue, which is 
a mile in length, 50 or 60 feet high, 
and as many wide, we return and 
pass through the vestibule for a 
second time, entering the main cave 
or Grand Gallery, a mighty timnel 
of many miles extent. The Kentucky 
Cliffs passed, we descend some 20 
feet to the Church. This is a grand 
apartment, 100 feet in diameter, with 
a roof formed of one solid seamless 
rock, suspended 63 feet overhead. 



Nature has supplied these solemn 
halls with a natural pulpit, and a 
recess where a mighty organ and a 
countless choir could be placed. 
Religious services have been perform- 
ed m the dim religious light of 
torches, under this magnificent roof. 
The Gothic Avenue is reached by a 
detour from the main cave, and a 
descent of some 30 feet. It is two 
miles in length, 40 feet wide and 15 
feet high. This place was once 
called the Haunted Chamber. Louisa's 
Bower, Vulcan's Furnace, and the 
new and old Register Rooms, are 
now passed in succession. The 
Gothic Chapel rivals all the marvels 
of the highest and nicest art, in the 
strength, beauty and proportions of 
its grand columns, and its exquisite 
ornamentation. The Devil's Arm 
Chair is a large stalagmite pillar, in 
the center of which is a spacious 
seat, grand enough for the gods. 
After passing numerous other stalac- 
tites and stalagmites, we look, in 
succession, at Napoleon's Breast 
Work, the Elephant's Head, and the 
Lover's Leap. This last scene is a 
large pointed rock, more than 90 
feet above the floor, and projecting 
into a grand rotunda. 

Just below the Lover's Leap, a 
detour may be made to the lower 
branch of the Gothic Avenue, at the 
entrance of which we may see an 
immense flat rock, called Gatewood's 
Dining Room; and to the right, a 
beautiful basin of water, named the 
Coolmg Tub. Beyond is Flint Pit. 
Still pursuing our detour, we pass, 
one after the other, Napoleon's Dome, 
the Cinder Banks, the Crystal Pool, 
the Salts Cave, and a wonderful 
place, still beyond, called Annetti's 
Dome, through a crevice of which a 
waterfall comes. 

Reentering the main Cave or the 
Grand Avenue, we arrive, soon, at 
the Ball Room, where Nature has 
provided every necessary fittin"- of 
gallery and orchestra. Willie's 
Spring has its pleasant story, which 
wiU delight the wondering visitor 
imtil he is called upon for astonish- 
ment at the sight of the great rock, 
known, as the Giant's Coffin. 

Here begin the incrustations, ever 
varied in form and character, which 



143 



are so much the delight of all visitors. 
The Giant's Coffin passed, we sweep 
round with the Great Bend. Op- 
posite is the Sick Room. Hereabouts 
there is a row of cabins for consump- 
tive patients. 

The Star Chamber is a splendid 
hall, with perpendicular arches on 
each side, and a flat roof. The side 
rocks ore of a light color, and are 
strongly relieved against the dark 
ceiling, which is covered with 
countless sparkling substances, resem- 
bling stcirs. 

The Cross Room has a ceiling of 
170 ft. span, and not even a single 
pillar to uphold it. The Black Cham- 
ber contains ruins which remind us 
of old baronial castle waUs and 
towers. Through the Big Chimneys 
we ascend into an upper room, about 
the size of the main cave. Here are 
heard the plaintive whispers of a 
distant water fall; as we come 
nearer, the soxmd swells into a 
grand roar, and we are close to the 
cataract. To enter the place called 
the Solitary Chambers, by the way 
of the Humble Chute, we have to 
crawl upon our hands and knees for 
15 or 18 feet beneath a low arch. 
Here is the Fairy Grotto, the 
character of which admii-ably realizes 
the promise of its name. The Chief 
City or Temple, is an immense vault 
2 acres in area, covered by a solid 
rocky dome, 120 ft. high, other 
localities, in the dii"ect passage of the 
cave, as in some of the many detours, 
are appropriately named the Steeps 
of Time, the Covered Pit, the Side 
Saddle, and the Bottomless Pit; the 
Labyrinth, the Dead Sea, the Bandit's 
Hall, and the River Styx, and the 
Rocky Mountains. Indeed, the entire 
nomenclature of the crowding ob- 
jects rich and strange, would fill a 
volume. The visitor must put himself 
trader the guidance of ''Stephan," 
the immortal Prospero of the place, 
and see and hear all and all about, 
every thing for himself. 

No more serious accident, it is 
said, than an occasional stumble, has 
ever been known to occur. Colds, 
instead of being contracted, are 
more often cured by the visit. No- 
where is the air in the slightest degree 
impure. So free is the cave from 



reptiles of every kind, that St. Patrick 
imght be supposd to have exerted 
his fabled annihilating power in its 
favor. Combustion is every where 
perfect. No decomposition is met 
with. The waters of the springs 
and rivers of the cave are habituallj 
fresh and pure. The temperature is 
equable at all seasons at 59" Fahren- 
heit. 

Thus, no one need, through einy 
apprehension, deny himself the novel 
deltght of a ramble along the 226 
avenues, under the 47 domes, by the 
8 cataracts, the 23 pits, and the 
"thousand and one" marvellous 
scenes and objects of this magnificent 
and most matchless Cave. 

The Msimmoth Cave was discov- 
ered in 1809, by a hunter in pur- 
suit of a bear, and has for many 
yeai^s attracted visitors of all coun- 
tries. 

KENTUCKY 
MINERAL SPRINGS, Ky. 

The mineral springs of Kentucky 
have been famous resorts for health- 
seekers during more than half a 
century. 

The Blue Lick Springs is a water- 
ing place of high repute, on the 
Lickmg River, in Nicholas County. 
Easily reached by stage from Pans, 
a station on the Covington and 
Lexington Railway, 19 miles from 
Lexington; 80 miles from Coving- 
ton, opposite Cincinnati. These 
springs contain soda, magnesia, 
lune, sulphuretted hydrogen, and 
carbonic acid, in combination with 
muriates and sulphates. 

Drennon Springs (black and sedt 
sulphur), are upon the banks of the 
Kentucky, in Henry County. They 
may be reached by steamboat from 
Louisville. 

Poplar Mountain Springs are 
upon the Poplar Moimtain top, in 
Clinton Coimty, four miles from 
Albany. The scenery in this vicinage 
is of remarkable beauty. Upon Indian 
Creek, not far from the sprmgs, there 
is a fine waterfall, of 90 feet perpen- 
dicular descent. 

The White Sulphur Springs are 
in Grayson County, four miles from 
Litchfield. They are very numerous 
within a small area. 



144 



The Tar and Breckenrid^White 
Sulphur Springs are in Brecken- 
ridge County, four miles from Clov- 
erport. They are readily accessible 
from the Ohio River. The Brecken- 
ridge coal is found in this vicinity. 

The Tar and Sulphur Springs 
are upon Green River, in Davies 
County, near the "Old Vernon Settle- 
ments '. Thei^e are other springs of 
reputation in this vicinity. 

The Esculapia Springs, Chaly- 
beate, and White Sulphur, are in a 
beautiful valley of Lewis County. 

The Fox and the Phillips' Springs 
are in the abimdant spring region 
of Fleming County. 

The Lettonian Springs (sulphur), 
are upon the Bank Lick Road, near 
the Ohio River, and about four miles 
from Covington. This is a pleasant 
excursion point from Cincinnati. 

The Parroquet Springs are near 
SheppardsvUle, in "Bullitt County. 
They are well-known saliae-sulphur 
waters. 

The Salt Licks are marshy glens 
containing water from springs made 
saline by flowing through salt-bear- 
ing sandstone. Here the wild ani- 
mals used to come to lick the salt, 
and thousands of skeletons of ele- 
phants and muskoxen, mastodons 
and mammoths have been found 
about these primeval mineral springs. 

THE SINKHOLES OFKENTUCKY. 
Of these curious cavities or de- 
pressions in the surface of the ground, 
known as sinks, remarkable examples 
are found in Kentudgr. Sinking 
Creek in Breckenridge County sud- 
denly disappears, and is not seen 
again within a distance of half a 
dozen miles. Near Mumfordville, in 
Harts, County, there is a strange 
spring connected with a mill-pond, 
the waters of which overflow the 
dam every twenty-four hours, rising 
12 or 15 inches, and receding to 
their ordinary level with the pre- 
cision of the tides. Six miles east 
of the same town, there is a hole, 
in form like an inverted cone, which 
is 70 feet in diameter at the siurface, 
and but 10 or 12 feet across, at a 
depth of 25 or 30 feet. Stones cast 
into this pit, give no indication of 
touching the bottom. There is yet 



another extraordinary sink in this 
neighborhood, on the top of an 
elevation, called Frenchman's Knob. 
It has been descended by means of 
a rope, 275 feet, but without finding 
bottom. 

COLUMBUS, Ky. 
Near the mouth of the Ohio and 
c6nnected by transfer, ferry-boats, 
carrying trams, with Cairo, which 
lies on the Mississippi, River 18 mis. 
beyond. Columbus, once celebrated 
as a fortress, is the chief Kentuckian 
Mississippi river port, situated on 
the slope of a high bluff, command- 
ing the river for about five miles. 

COVINGTON, Ky. 

The second largest city of Ken- 
tucky, having a population of about 
40,000; on the Ohio, facing Cin- 
cinnati, O., and connected with it 
by the famous suspension bridge, 
delightfully and advantageously situ- 
ated like the metropolis of Ohio, to 
which it owes its prosperity, as most 
of the businessmen of Cincinnati 
have here their costly residences. 
Covington is built upon a broad and 
beautiful plain, very much after the 
topography of the great Ohio city 
opposite, to which, indeed, it many 
be regarded as suburb. 

Railroads: Kentucky Central. 

FRANKFORT, Ky. 

The capital of Kentucky, on the 
east bank of the Kentucky River, 
60 miles above its entrance into the 
Ohio, has a population of some 
8.000. The site of the town is a 
deep valley, surrounded by precipi- 
tous hills. The State Capitol oc- 
cupies an eminence, midway between 
the i-iver and the upper end of the 
valley. It is a fine structure, built 
of marble quarried in the neigh- 
borhood. Here, too, is the State 
Penitentiary. 

Railroads : Louisville & Nashville. 

HARRODSBURG, Ky. 
A town of over 3,000 people, and 
the oldest settlement in Kentucky, 
is upon an eminence near Salt River, 
about 30 miles below Frankfort and 
Lexington. Here is the seat of 
Bacon College, and of a Military 
Academy. Ihe greatest ^ttr^ction, 



145 



however, of Harrodsburg, is its 
celebrated miaeral springs, which 
make it the most famous summer 
resort of all the country round. 

Railroads: Louisville, New Albany 
& Chicago. 

LEXINGTON, Ky. 

The fourth largefet city of Kentucky. 
99 mis. from Cincinnati, and 94 mis. 
from Louisville, with about 22,000 
inh. and the metropolis of the famous 
Blue-Grass country. It was founded 
in the year of the celebrated bat- 
tle of Lexington, 1775, its settlers 
gave it the name of the heroic 
Massachusetts village. It is the seat 
of the former Transylvania, now 
Kentucky University, the first college 
west of the Alleghanies, founded m 
1780, at Danville, and moved to 
Lexington in 1788. 

Lexmgton is the greatest Horse- 
market m the State. Horses are 
sent from this favored region to 
Australia and New Zealand, England 
and France, Germany and Spain. 

Railroads: Cincinnati, New Or- 
leans & Texas Pacific; Kentucky 
Central; Louisville, New Albany & 
Chicago; Louisville & Nashville; 
Newport News & Mississippi Valley. 

LOUISVILLE, Ky. 

Founded in 1778, by George 
Rogers Clark, and named after 
Louis XVI. of France, is the metro- 
polis of Kentucky, with great and 
lucrative manufactories and trading 
enterprises. The Ohio descends here 
26 feet in two miles, and steamboats 
pass around these rapids by a canal, 
built in 1826—31. This position, 
where Grass Creek enters La Belle 
Riviere, affords fine views from many 
parts of the terrace elevation of 
70 feet, facing the picturesque In- 
diana Knobs, 

Louisville had a score of inhabi- 
tants 1780, 1,000 in 1810, 70,000 in 
1860, and above 160,000 in 1890. 
Since the war, "the Falls-City" has 
become the chief railroad and steam- 
boat gateway of the southwest; and 
at the same time her annual product 
of manufactured goods has risen 
from $ 15,000,000 to $ 66,000,000. 

By vote of the citizens, Aug. 4. 1890, 
au act of the Legislature was ratified. 



providing for the establishment of a 
system of parks in ^nd adjacent to 
the city. Ground for three such parks 
was purchased, and improvements 
begun under , the supervision of 
Frederick L. Olmsted. 

Tourists should visit Cave Hill 
cemetery, with note-worthy monu- 
ments, on an elevation from which 
a very fine view of the metropolis 
may be obtained. 

The Louisville, Evansville & St. 
Louis R. R. is a direct line between 
Louisville and St, Louis (273 mis), 
and between Louisville & Evansville 
(122 mis). A double line of through 
vestibule trains are run between these 
points. Connection is made at Louis- 
ville with the Louisville & Nashville 
R. R. and the Queen Crescent-Route 
for all points East and Southeast. 

Agents of the North German Lloyd : 



Fred J. Hummel, 804 W. Main St., 
Louisville, Ky. 

C. L. Monsch, Kentucky Trust 
Co., Louisyille Ky. 

MAYSVILLE, Ky. 

A handsome, town nestled among 
the hills with a population of some 
6000 on the Ohio River 60 miles 
above Cincinnati, and 60 miles north- 
east of Lexington, from Cincinnati 
by steamboat, founded in 1787. 
Maysville is upon Limestone Creek, 
whose n&me it formerly bore. The 
position of the town is in the midst 
of a varied hill landscape. It contains 
several remarkable public buildings, 
and some manufactories. 

Railroads: Chesapeake & Ohio; 
Kentucky Central. 

NEWPORT, Ky. 

A handsome and lively town of 
Kentucky on the Ohio, facing Cin- 
cinnati, and separated by the Licking 
river from Covington, Ky., with a 
population of more than 25,000. 
It is delightfully and advantageously 
situated, on an elevated plain com- 
manding a fine view, and ornamented 
and made attractive by shade trees. 
In the city and its suburbs, James- 
towTi and Brooklyn, are a number 
of fine residences, its schools are 



146 



noted for tteir excellence, and its 
mercantile and manufacturing inter- 
ests are of importance. Several 
bridges across the Licking River 
connect it with its twin cityCovington. 
Railroads: Chesapeake & Ohio; 
Louisville & Nashville. 

PADUCAH, Ky. 
(Population nealy 14,000), is upon 
the Ohio, just below the mouth of 
the Tennessee, 340 miles from Louis- 
ville; 473 miles from Cincinnati. 



Paducah bears the name of an tndiah 
chief who once lived in the neighbor- 
hood. 

Reached by the Newport New5 & 
Mississippi Valley R. R. 

PARIS, Ky. 
A wealthy and an attractive little 
city, surrounded by the paddocks 
of famous racers, on the Kentucky 
Central R. R., 79 mis. from Coving- 
ton, in the celebrated Blue Grass 
country. 



147 



LOUISIANA. 



The Louisiana of the seventeenth 
century extended from the AUegha- 
nies to the Rocky Mountains, and 
from the Rio Grande and the Gulf 
to the dim regions which now con- 
stitute British America. It was first 
visited by Europeans in 1541. De 
Soto, the Spanish adventurer, with 
his followers, explored the coast west 
of Florida to the Mississippi river 
and beyond, and he visited the 
country on both sides of the river 
where now stands the city of New 
Orleans. 

In 1673, Father Marquette and his 
Canadians, starting from Canada, 
descended the great river from 
Illinois to the mouth of the Arkansas. 
The river was again descended by 
La Salle in 1682, who took possession 
of the country in the name of Louis 
XIV., and for him named the land 
Louisiana. 

On the 26th of September, 1712, 
the entire commerce of Louisiana, 
with a considerable control in its 

government, was granted to Anthony 
rozat, an eminent French merchant. 
The grant to Crozat, so magnificent 
on paper, proved to be of but little 
use to him and of no benefit to the 
colony, and in 1718 he surrendered 
the privilege. In the same year, on 
the 6th of September, the charter 
of the Western, or Mississippi, 
Company was registered in the 
parliament of Paris. The exclusive 
commerce of Louisiana was granted 
to it for twenty-five years, and a 
monopoly of the beaver trade of 
Canada, together with other extra- 
ordinary privileges, and it entered 



at once on its new domains. Bien- 
ville was appointed governor of the 
colony for the second time. He had 
become satisfied that the chief city 
of the colony should be situated on 
the Mississippi River, and, therefore, 
in 1718, New Orleans was founded. 

The Western Company possessed 
and controlled Louisiana some four- 
teen years, when, finding the princi- 
pality of little value, it surrendered 
it in January, 1732. In 1763 occurred 
an event which left a deep impression 
on the history of Louisiana. On the 
third of November of that year, 
France, by a secret treaty, ceded to 
Spain all that portion of Louisiana 
which lay west of the Mississippi, 
together with the city of New Orleans 
and the island on which it stands. 
The French inhabitants were aston- 
ished when they found themselves 
transferred to Spanish domination. 
Some of them were even so rash 
as to organize in resistance to the 
cession, and finally, in 1766 ordered 
away the Spanish governor, Antonio 
di Viola. In 1769 Alexander O'Reilly, 
the commandant of a large Spanish 
force arrived and reduced the pro- 
vince to actual possessions. The 
colony grew slowly from this time 
until the administration of Baron de 
Carondelet, but under his manage- 
ment, from 1792 to 1797, marked 
improvements were made 

On the first of October, 1800, a 
treaty was concluded between France 
and Spain, by which the latter 
promised to restore to France the 
province of Louisiana. France how- 
ever, didnot receive formal possession 



148 



tmtil November 30, 1802. fiutJ'rance 
did not remain long in possession. 
The cession to her had been procured 
by Napoleon, and he did not deem 
it pohtic to retain such a province. 
In April, 1803, it was ceded to the 
United States, and on the tenth of 
March, 1804, the United States took 
possession. The price paid was 
60,000,000 francs, besides $3,750,000 
for French spoliation claims. 

In 1804, the territory of Orleans 
was established by order of Congress. 
The rest of the immense purchase 
was at first erected iato the district 
of Louisiana; then in 1805 into the 
Territory of Louisiana, and in 1812 
into the Territory of Missouri, At 
the time of the American possession, 
in 1803, Laussat, the French colonial 
prefect declares that justice was then 
administered "worse than in Turkey." 
It was based, to a large extent, on 
a draft of the Code Napoleon. By 
act of Congress in November, 1811, 
the inhabitant of the Territory were 
authorized to form a constitution 
with a view to the establishment of 
a State government. The bill having 
been passed, however, the constitu- 
tion of 1812 was framed and adopted, 
and on April 30, 1812, Congress 
passed an act for the admission of 
Louisiana into the Union. 

Three months after this, war was 
declared against England by the 
United States. The contest continued 
imtU the treaty of Ghent, December 
24, 1814. But before the news of 
peace could cross the ocean, a force 
of 12,000 English soldiers, under 
Sir John Packenham, landed in 
Louisiana, and made an attack on 
New Orleans, which was success- 
fully resisted by General Jackson 
with only 5,000 men, most of whom 
were militia from Tennessee and 
Kentucky. 

The progress of the State from 
this time until the outbreak of the 
civil war was very rapid. Louisiana 
had a large interest in slavery. On 
account of the extensive cultivation 
of cotton, rice and sugar, cane, and 
the consequent demand for labor, 
her slave population almost equaled 
her white. At the. outbreak of the 
war Louisiana promptly took a posi- 
tion in favor of secession. Its 



ordinance of secession from tte 
Union was passed December 23, 
1860, by a vote of 117 to ll3. On 
March 21, 1861, the same convention 
adopted the Confederate Constitu- 
tion, without submitting it to the 
people, and, in order to conform it 
to their State Constitution, passed 
amendments for that purpose. From 
this time until the close of the war 
the State Government was nominally 
in the hands of the Confederates. 

In April, 1862, Farragut's command . 
entered the Mississippi river. He 
succeeded in passing, and in silenc- 
ing, Forts Jackson and St. Philip, 
which defended the approaches to 
New Orleans, and captured the city 
on the 25th of April, 1862. By 
July, 1863, aU the Confederate 
strongholds on the Mississippi were 
reduced, the towns captured, and the 
river opened to navigation. In 1863, 
General Banks brought the Attakapas 
country into subjection to the United 
States, and, in 1864, other excursions 
into the region of the Red river 
were made by him with but partial 
success. 

In April, 1864, a new constitution 
was drawn up preparatory to the act 
of readmission of the State into the 
Union. This constitution was ratified 
by the people in September, 1864. 
Under this constitution officers of 
the State were elected, but the 
general government refused to recog- 
nize the constitution. In December, 
1867, another convention was called, 
and its constitution was submitted 
tQ the people to be voted upon accord- 
ing to the provisions of that act. 
This constitution was adopted March 
6, 1868. Louisiana was again admitted 
to the Union on condition of her 
ratification of the fourteenth amend- 
ment. This was done ou July 9, 
1888, und on the 13 th of the same 
month the government was trans- 
ferred from the military to the civil 
powers. 

The State is 290 mUes from east 
to west and 200 mUes from north to 
south. The area is a superficies of 
about 48,000 square miles, Louisiana 
being in extent about equal to North 
Carolina. It has 1,060 square miles 
of land-locked bays, 1,700 square 
miles of inland lakes and 540 of 



iiO 



tiver surface, which leaves 45,420 
square miles of land area for the 
State. 

The population of the State was 
m 1890 1,115,000. 

ALEXANDRIA, La. 

Alexandria is the county seat or 
capital of Rapides parish, in the 
State of Louisiana. The town is 
situated on the Red river, (one of 
the noblest streams of the State), 
and at the head of low water naviga- 
tion. By river from New Orleans it 
is three hundred and sixty miles, 
and by rail, one hundred and ninety- 
six miles. Communication to New 
Orleans is by two trunk lines, both 
of which are transcontinental systems : 
The Texas aud Pacific, and the 
Southern Pacific Railways. The town 
is almost the exact geographical 
center of the State. 

The town has a population of 
3,500, and is gxowing rapidly. Is 
within seven miles of the center of 
the State, and surrounded by very 
rich and productive sugar, cotton, 
fruit, stock and fine timber lands. 
Alexandria has a central sugar 
factory, cotton factory, carriage and 
wagon factory, foundry and machine 
shops, sash and blind factory, furni- 
ture factory, cotton seed oU mill, 
canning factory, wholesale houses, etc. 

BATON, ROUGE, La. 

The capital city of Louisiana is on 
the Mississippi pleasantly situated on 
the last bluff, descending the river, 
it has a population of lO,500. It 
contains a State House, a State 
Prison, Arsenal, and the State 
Institution for the Deaf, Dumb, and 
Blind. There are many quaint old 
houses. 

It is reached by the Louisville, 
New Orleans and Texas R. R. 

NEW ORLEANS, La. 

The principal city of Louisiana on 
the Mississippi, 106 miles from the 
Gulf of Mexico. It has about 250,000 
inhabitants, of which V* colored. * 

New Orleans is an important rail- 
road center. The Southern Pacific; 
Texas Pacific ; Louisville & Nashville ; 
Illinois Central; Louisville, New 
Orleans & Texas; New Orleans & 



North Eastern; New Orleans &, 
Southern have depots here. 

Cars run through all the principal 
streets. 

Carriage charges are $ 1,00 per 
hour. From depot to Hotels 50 cts. 
each person. New Orleans is in 
constant communication with Gretna, 
Gouldsborough and Algiers on the 
other side of the Mississippi by 
Ferry-boats. 

Regular steamboat service to all 
points on the Mississippi, Mis- 
souri and Ohio and to New York, 
Boston, Key West, Cuba, Mexico, 
England and Germany. 

Theatres and amusements; the 
French Opera House cor. Burbon 
and Toulouse Sts. is fitted up in the 
style of the Theatre Frangais, in 
Paris; The Academy of Music and 
the St. Charles Theatre in St. Charl- 
es St. are also well appointed. The 
Grand Opera House is in Canal St. 

Esplanade and Rampart Sts., are 
the principal promenades of the 
French quarter. Splendid drives are 
to Lake Pontchartrain and up St. 
Charles Ave. through the residential 
quarter, Audubon Park and Car- 
rollton. The finest building of New 
Orleans is undoubtedly the Custom 
House; the chief business apartment, 
called Marble Hall, is lighted by 50 
windows; the Post Office occupies 
the first floor of the building; the 
whole structm-e is built of Quincy 
granite brought from the Massa- 
chusetts quarries. Another imposing 
structure is the U. S. Branch Mint 
at the cor. of Esplanade and Decatui" 
Sts. At the intersection of St. Charl- 
es and Lafayette Sts. stands the City 
Hall, a most artistic building. 

The City Library is on the op- 
posite side of Lafayette Square. The 
Court Houses are in Jackson Square 
on the right and left of the Cathe- 
dral; they were .constructed in the 
last century. 

The Criminal Court and Jail are 
on Tulane Ave., the Howard Me- 
morial Library is a handsome struc- 
ture cor. Howard Ave. and Camp St. 

Adjoining the Library is the An- 
nex, occupied by the Louisiana His- 
torical Association. The Young 
Men's . Christian Association has 
quarters in St. Charles St. The 



150 



Masonic Hall cor. St. Charles and 
Perdido Sts., and Odd Fellow's Hall 
in Camp St. are imposing edifices. 
The principal commercial buildings 
are the Cotton Exchange in Caron- 
delet St., the Sugar Exchange on the 
Levee, foot of Bienville St., ttie Board 
of Trade in Magazine St., and some 
office buildings. Among the church 
edifices the old Roman Catholic 
Cathedral of St. Louis on the West- 
side of Jackson Square is the most 
interesting; the paintings on the 
ceiling are by Canova and Rossi. 
The Church of the Immaculate Con- 
ception cor. Common and Baronne 
Sts. is in Moorish style. St. Patrick's, 
north of Lafayette Square, is a strik- 
ing structure; it has a tower 190 
feet high, modeled after that of the 
Minster of York in England. The 
First Presbyterian on Lafayette 
Square, is a fine Gothic structure, 
and the Temple Sinai in Carondelet 
St. is the splendid Jewish synagogue. 
One of the most interesting relics 
of New Orleans is the old Ursuline 
Convent in Chartres St., built in 1787. 
It is now occupied by the archbishop 
and is known as the "Archbishop's 
Palace". The Chapelle St.Roch, in the 
French quarter is worth a visit. 

The principal educational instit- 
ution is the Tulane University of 
Louisiana, its splendid buildings ai-e 
situated on St. Charles Ave. opposite 
Audubon Park. 

It was largely endowed by Paul 
Tulane the fund being managed by 
a Board of Administrators. The 
buildings . are on a campus of 18 
acres, and consist of a College of 
Arts and Science, Physical Laborat- 
ory, Chemical Laboratory, Mechanical 
and Electrical Laboratories, Drawing 
Rooms and Workshops, all having 
the latest approved appliances. The 
Medical Department of the Univers- 
ity occupies the Richardson Memo- 
rial Building on Canal St. The great 
Charity Hospital, with its 700 beds 
and 6,000 patients annually, is its 
school of clinical instruction. The 
Law Department of Tulane occupies 
a building on the cor. of Dryades St. 
and Tulane Ave. 

Among the parks and squares the 
most noteworthy^ ones are: Jackson 
Square, iadorned with shrubbery and 



beautiful trees. In the centre of the 
park, stands an equestrian statue of 
General Jackson. From the river ent- 
rance to the square are seen the im- 
posing Cathedral and courts of justice. 

In the first district is Lafayette 
Square, containing a splendid marble 
statue of Franklin. The City Park 
of about 150 acres is worth visiting. 
Audubon Park is in St. Charles Ave.; 
the great exposition of 1884 was 
held here. Horticultm-al Hall offers 
an exhibition of plants, and nearby 
is a grove of moss-covered oaks, 
which no visitor should fail to exam- 
ine. A remarkable sight is the 
French Market, which comprises se:v- 
eral buildings on the Levee, near 
Jackson Square. The best time to 
visit it, is between 8 and 9 o'clock 
on Sunday morning. 

The commercial importance of 
New Orleans is best illustrated by 
a few statistical figures; it is the 
largest cotton market in the world 
next to Liverpool, receiving yearly 
2,000,000 bales; it receives yearlv 
2,000,000 bunches of bananas, 
30,000,000 pounds Texan and Mex- 
ican wool, 12,000,000 pounds of 
hides, and has immense exports of 
sugar, cotton, and rice. 

Agents of the North German Lloyd : 

A. K. Miller & Co., 303 Caron- 
delet St., New Orleans, La. 

Frank J. Orfila, 213 Carondelet 
St., New OrleanSj La. 



SCHREVEPORT, La. 

The metropolis of Northern Louisi-* 
ana, situated on the Red River, 
326 miles fiom New Orleans, via 
the Texas & Pacific R.. R., it is an 
enteiprising city with ,12,000 inab^ 
itants, and stands in an alluvial valley 
of unexcelled fertility, its chief 
articles of export are cotton and 
cattle. The city contains a handsome 
Court House, some fine churches and 
a number of factories. 

Steam-boats ply regularly to Now 
Orleans. < 



151 



MAINE. 



In 1604 and 1605 Maine was first 
explored by Frenchmen; the territory 
was first called Acadia. The earliest 
settlement was made in 1607 by 
English colonists. From 1652 to 
1819 the territory was known as 
"District of Maine" and governed by 
Massachusetts. Maine was the tenth 
State to enter the Union being 
admitted in 1820. In the Civil War 
the State of Maine furnished about 
70,000 men to the federal army. 
The area of Maine is 33,040 square 
miles with a population of 661,086. 
The most important industries are 
the lumber industries, fisheries, 
quarries, and cotton and woolen 
manufactures. The production of 
granite is also important. 

AUBURN, Me, 
Manufacturing town of 12,000 
inhabitants on the Androscoggin river 
reached by the Maine Central Rail- 
road, 35 miles from Portland. 

AUGUSTA, Me. 
The capital of Maine, has 10,527 
inhabitants, is situated on the 
Kennebec river, 63 Miles from 
Portland, near the mighty Kennebec- 
Darams, from which the manufactories 
derive their- waterpower. The prin- 
cipal buildings are the magnificent 
State House, built of granite; a 
splendid view compensates the vis- 
itor for his trouble on the cupola 
of the State House. The Post Of- 
fice, the Kennebec Arsenal and the 
State Insane - Asylum. The city is 
reached by the Maine Central 
Railroad. 

BANGOR,^ Me. 
The third largest city in Maine, 



19,103 inhabitants situated 137 miles 
from Portland, on the Penobscot, at 
the head of navigation, 60. miles 
from the Atlantic Ocean. Bangor is 
leading center of the lumber in- 
dustry. To be reached by the 
Maine Central Railroad. 

BAR HA'RBOR (MOUNT DESERT 
ISLAND), Me. 

Beautiful mountains, rising abruptly 
from the sea and sloping away again 
heavily wooded, to the shores of a 
placid lake in whose surface is 
mirrored the encircling hills; precip- 
itous cliffs and mighty crags, against 
which the swelling ocean has dashed 
into foam and mist its assaulting 
billows for ages ; silent and shadowy 
glens where the sweet voices of 
nature are undisturbed, and the 
illimitable sea, stretching far away 
into fancy and imagination, are some 
of the beauties and attractions of 
this crowning glory of Maine's 
matchless coast, this little Switzer- 
land afloat, the pride and delight 
of the northern seas, Mount Desert. 

The prince of resorts located on 
this island is Bar Harbor. Other 
famous points in the vicinity are 
Southwest Harbor, Northwest Harbor, 
Sorrento, and Winter Harbor. Schoo- 
ner Head, Great Head, Otter Cliffs, 
Anemone Cave, The Ovens, Newport 
Mountain. Eagle Lake, and Some 
Sound offer daily diversions to visitors. 

BATH, Me. 
A town of 8723 inhabitants on 
the Kennebec River, 12 miles from 
the Ocean. The principal industry 
is ship-building. To be reached by 
the Maine Central. 



152 



BELFAST, Me. 
A prosperous maritime city of 
5,300 iahabitants on Penobscot Bay. 
It is reached by the Belfast division 
of the Maine Central JR.. R. 

BIDDEFORD, Me. 
A thriving industrial to^Ti of 
14,450 inhabitants on the Saco River 
99 miles from Boston. 

BOOTHBAY, Me. 

The thriving- vUlage o'" Boothbay 
lies along the rocksy hills at the 
head of one of the finest harbors on 
the Yankee coast, where sometimes 
three or four hundred sails of fishing 
vessels find shelter. 

Shipbuilding and the deep-sea 
fisheries were for many years the 
support of this maritime people, 
whose vessels visited every American 
Atlantic port. 

BRUNSWICK, Me. 

A nice looking town of 6000 
inhabitants on the Androscoggiu 
River, 29 miles from Portland. The 
river forms here three, water falls. 
In Brunswick the famous Bowdoin 
College is located, near the Railroad 
Depot. The College's Gallery con- 
tatas about 150 pictures, some by 
Van Dyck, Rubens, Berchem,Brouwer, 
Hondeweter, Hogarth, TenierS etc. 
Mrs. Stowe, wrote here in 1851-52 
Uncle Toms Cabin. 

To be reached by the Maine Central 
Railroad. 

ELLSWORTH, Me. 
A town of 5,000 inhabitants and 
the county-seat of Hancock County. 
The m.ost important buildings are 
the Court House, the Custom House, 
several banks and churches. It is 
an important center of lumbering 
and ship-building. To be reached 
from Portland by the Maine Central. 

GARDINER, Me. 
Town of 5,500 inhabitants, 56 miles 
from Portland, has important wood 
and ice industries. Reached by the 
Maine Central Railroad. 

LEWISTON, Me. 
The second largest city in the 



State has 21,700 inhabitants aiid is 
situated on the Androscoggin River, 
36 miles from Portland on the Maine 
Central R. R. It has important 
cotton and woolen manufactories. In 
the vicinity of the city are the build-' 
ings of the Maine Agricultural 
Society. 

OLD ORCHARD, Me. 

This old and popular watering- 
place possesses one of the finest 
beaches on the New England coast, 
It is crescent-shaped, six miles long, 
smooth and hard, and slopes with 
a gentle inclination to the water, 
furnishing a magnificent drive. 

Old Orchard has an immense camp- 
meeting ground, which is largely 
attended during the summer months. ; 
To be reached' by the Boston & 
Maine R. R. 

POLAND SPRINGS, Me. 

The springs are> situated twenty- 
five miles north of Portland, and ten 
west of Lewiston, Me. 

The fame of these .wonderful 
waters has gone out over the world, 
and hundreds of thousands of gallons 
are shipped every year for home con- 
sumption all over the land. The cura- 
tive pov.^er of the water is universally 
acknowledged. To be reached from 
Boston by the, Boston & Maine R. R. 

PORTLAND. Me. 

Portland is the metropolis and 
chief seaport of the Slate and has 
36,425 inhabitants. The city is 
situated on a hilly peninsula in Casco 
Bay and has a deep and well protected 
harbor. Its export to the West- 
Indies and England is important. 
Portland is often called the "Forest 
City," because the streets are planted 
with trees. . 

The principal street is Congress 
Street running through the entire 
peninsula from the Western Promen- 
ade on Bramhall's Hill to the Eastern 
Promenade on Munjoy's Hill. On^ 
Munjoy's Hill stands alookout offering 
a splendid view over the city and 
harbor, the White Mountains and 
Sandwich Mts. In Congress Street 
stands the City Hall, nearby in 
Middle Street the Post Office. A 



158 



verj'^ fine statue of Longfellow, who 
was bom in Portland, stands on the 
square formed by the crossing of 
Congress and State streets. A War 
monument, by Franklin Simmons, is 
on Monument Square. Public build- 
ings, worth enumerating, are the 
Custom House, near the Boston 
Steamboat Wharf;' the Maine Hist- 
orical Society, the Public Library, 
the Natural History Society and the 
Marine Hospital. 

Portland is 116 miles distant from 
Boston by the Boston and Maine 
Railroad. Steamers ply regularly 
between the two cities and New 
York. Cars run through the prin- 
cipal streets to the Railroad Depots 
and suburbs. 

The surroundings of Portland are 
beautiful. Excursion can be made 
to Evergreen Cemetery 2V2 miles; 
Falmouth Foreside 6 miles and to 
Cape Elizabeth in the south of the 
cit)r, where Cape Cottage Hotel, 3 
miles, the Ocean Home, 8 miles 
and the Twin Lighthouses are located. 
Casco Bay contains hundreds of is- 
lands with fine forests and many of 
them ai^e summer residences, as 
Cushing's Island, Peaks Island and 
Little Chebeaque. 

Agent of the North German Lloyd : 
T. P. Mc. Gcwaii, Portland, Maine. 



RANGELEY LAKES, Me. 

The Rangeley Lakes are situated 
in the very heart of Maine's exten- 
sive primeval forests. 

The surrounding scenery is wild 
and picturesque in the extreme. 

The shores and surrounding moun- 
tains abound with game, both large 
and small. The lakes themselves 
are a veritable paradise for anglers. 
Thanks to the rigid laws of Maine, 
neither fish nor game suffer deple- 
tion, but are becoming more plen- 
tiful every year. The Rangeley Lakes 
are six m number, and bear such 
euphonious names as Oquossoc. Um- 
bagog, Cupsuptic, Mooselucmaguntic, 
Molechunkamunk , and Welokenne- 



bacook, while Lake Parmachenee is 
but a short distance to the north 

ROCKLAND, Me. 
A town of 8,174 inhabitants on 
Owl's Head Bay, an inlet of Penob- 
scot Bay. Its chief industries are 
ship building and limekilns. Rock- 
land is the endstation of the Maine 
Central Railroad, 86 miles from 
Portland. Steamers run from Rock- 
land to Boston, Portland Bangor, 
Mt. Desert and the islands in Penob- 
scot Bay. 

SACO, Me. 
An industrial town of 6075 inhab- 
itants on the Saco River, 100 miles 
from Boston, to be reached by the 
Boston & Maine Railroad. 

YORK BEACH, Me. 

This famous old resort is situated 
nine miles northeast of Portsmouth, 
at the terminus of the York Harbor 
& Beach Railroad. The beach 
slopes gently from the cliifs behind, 
and affords very fine bathing and 
the best of fishing. Exquisite views 
of the coast and sea are outspread 
from the high cliffs which overlook 
the haibor. 

The railroad from Portsmouth to 
the Beach passes through a portion 
of the Kittery Navy Yard, Kitteiy 
Point, York Harbor, and Long Beach. 

YORK HARBOR, Me. 
This beautiful harbor opens near 
the mouth of York River, where the 
singular rocky peninsula of Stage 
Neck (or Fort Head) forces the 
stream to bend away to the south- 
ward, just before sweeping into the 
sea. Upon this Nahant-like promon- 
tory stands the great Marshall 
House, with the ocean on one side, 
and on the other the beautiful wind- 
ing river, flowing between palegreen 
meadows and darker forest, fertile 
farms, and mined whai-ves. On the 
outer side of the isthmus extends the 
Beach of Short Sands, where the 
perfection of bathing may be enjoyed. 
To be reached by the, Boston & 
Maine R. R. 



154 



MARYLAND. 



The name of Maryland was given 
to the new Province "Terra Mariae" 
by King Charles I of England, in 
honor of his wife, Queen Heni'ietta 
Maria. The district was part of the 
large Dominion of Virginia, until 
Sir Georg Calvert, the first Lord 
Baltimore, the friend of the King, 
who had heard that the northern 
part of Virginia, beyond the Potomac, 
was a very fertile country, secured 
it for himself and his heirs, as a. 
county palatine, with the first propri- 
etary government in America, and 
the most liberal privileges ever grant- 
ed to a colony. The first Lord 
Baltimore died, but his son, Leonard 
Calvert, sailed from England with 
200 colonists in 1633 and settled 
first at St. Mary's, near Point 
Lookout) in 1635. 

The City of Baltimore was founded 
in 1730, and the city of Frederick, 
in the rich limestone plain near the 
Catoctin Mountains, named for Lord 
Baltimore's son, in 1745. 

At the outbreak of the great Civil 
War, Maryland, although a slave 
State, refused to join in the Secession 
movement and the Legislature voted 
neutrality. But many friends of the 
Confederates took an active part for 
the South and made a bold attack 
on the Union troops in Baltimore. 
This was the first bloodshed of the 
Civil War. During the years 1862 
to 65 there were so manj battles 
here that there is not sufficient room 
to relate all about them. Only to be 
mentioned are the bitter fights at 
Front Royal, Va., between the First 
Maryland Union Regiment and the 
First ;^Iaryland Confederate Regiment 



46,638 Marylanders served in the 
U. S. Armies, aud about 12,000 in 
the Confederate forces. 

The population of Maryland was 
in 1860: 687,049, in 1890: 1,042,390 
(218,004, Colored). 

Farming utilizes more than half 
the soil of Maryland. Its farm- 
products include nearly 16,000,000 
bushels of corn, 6,000,000 of wheat, 
2,000,000 of oats, 2,500,000 of pota- 
toes, 300,000 tons of hay, and 
28,000,000 pounds of tobacco. But 
there are only a few cities, more 
than four tenths of all the population 
of the State living in the metropolis 
of Baltimore. 



ANNAPOLIS, Md. 

The capital of Maryland; on the 
Severn river, two miles alaove its 
mouth, founded by New England 
Puritans iu the middle of XVII th 
century and first named Providence. 
Afterwards the settlement received 
the name of Anne Arundel's Town, 
in honor of Lord Baltimore's wife, 
the daughter of the Earl of Arundel, 
and later of Annapolis. The city 
has only 7,604 inhab., but is in- 
teresting through its old church 
and residences, but especially by 
its State institution and the U. S. 
Naval Academy. 

The State House dates from 1773 
and is a large brick structure of 
graceful proportions, crowned by a 
dome, and surrounded by pleasant 
grounds. The State Treasury is a 
venerable building near the State 
House. 



.155 



The State Librai^ contains 80,000 
volumes. 

TheUnited States Naval Academy for 
250 cadet midshipmen and engineers, 
occupies a group of commodious 
buildings in a park of 50 acres, 
fronting the Severn river. It was 
founded iu 1845 by George Ban- 
croft, then Secretary of the Navy. 

The emerald green campus of 
20 acres between College Av. and 
College Creek, and near the Severn 
River and the U. S. Naval Academy, 
is the place of the celebrated St. 
Johns College. 

ALTAMONT, Md. 
A summer -resort on the extreme 
summit of the range, 2,620 feet 
above the sea. 

BALTIMORE, Md. 
see page 158. 

BAY RIDGE, Md. 
The most popular summer-resort 
of Maryland on the western shore 
of the Chesapeake Bay. 

BLUE MOUNTAIN, Md. 

The Blue Mountain House is 
located at Blue Mountain Station, in 
the Blue Ridge Mountains, Wash- 
ington County Md., seventy-two 
miles west from Baltimore, and 
fifteen miles east from Hagerstown, 
on the main line of the Western 
Maryland Railroad. The location is 
a pectdiarly suitable one for summer 
resorts, as it possesses not only a 
lofty altitude, with its attendant 
advantages, but is also surrounded 
by a region of country famous for 
the picturesqueness and beauty of 
its scenery. The appointments of 
the hotels are strictly first class in 
every detail. The season opens in 
June and closes in October. 

To be reached by the Pennsylvania 
R. R. and Western Maryland R. R. 

Chesapeake Bay. The largest 
American inlet of the sea, chief 
physical feature of Maryland and 
is 200 mis. long and 12 to 20 mis. 
wide, it is navigable for the 
heaviest ships. Its name comes from 
the Indian words "Gitchi Sipi" which 
means "Great Water." The Potomac 



and the Susquehanna empties into 
the Bay. The latter, emptying 
near the head of the bay navigable 
only a few miles. The bay covers 
2,835 square miles with more than 
400 miles of coast line. The oyster- 
beds have a great value and cover 
immense areas in the estuaries emd 
inlets. The Chesapeake oysters are 
the finest known, and the yearly 
product is 15,000,000 bushels, more 
than half of which is shipped from 
Cambridge and other places on the 
Eastern shore. Nevertheless Bal- 
timore is the leading oyster-packing 
city of the world. 

Voyas[e Down the Chesapeake. 
From Baltimore to Norfolk, Vii-ginia, 
at the lower extremity of the Chesa- 
peake, is a pleasant journey. Good 
steamers make it daily. It is a charm- 
ing route, also, to Richmond, turning 
at or near Norfolk, into the mourn 
of the James River, and following 
the many devious miles of those 
winding and picturesque waters. 

CAMBRIDGE, Md. 

Is situated on the East Shore, 
some miles above the mouth of 
Choptank River into Chesapeake 
Bay. It is a flourishing city with 
about 5,000 inh. mostly busy in the 
oyster-trade. 

CUMBERLAND, Md. 
The second lai-gest city of Mary- 
land, on the upper Potomac, between 
Wills' Dan's and the Knobly Moun- 
tains, and near the deep gorge of 
the Narrows, The entrance to the 
city is beautiful, and displays the 
noble amphitheatre in which it lies 
to great advantage. Cumberland is 
the seat of large rolling-mills for the 
manufacture of steel rails, glass-works 
and a remarkable country - trade. 
Cumberland has a population of 
12,729. Tourists will have good 
opportunity here to make round- 
trips to the Alleghany Mountains, 
by way of the Pennsylvania R. R., 
and Green Spring, a pleasant place 
on the Potomac river. 

DEER-PARK, Md. 
One of the most popular summer- 
resorts in the mountain region, about 



156 



2,500 feet above the sea, in the Al- 
leghany mountains. 

FREDERICK;- Md. 
The fouith largest city in the 
State, on Antletam Creek, a tributary, 
of the Potomac, 60 mis. west 
of Baltimore, where the mount- 
ains begin with the long Catoctin 
Range and the South Mountain. 
Founded in 1745, it was situated on 
the famous National Road, from 
Baltimore to Ohio, constructed early 
in this century, for a highway be- 
tween the Ohio and tide-water. It 
has now a population of 8193, is 
busy in many trades and is- aided by 
strong banks. The Institution for 
the Education of the Deaf and Dumb 
was opened here in 1868. 

HAGERSTOWN, Md. ' 

The capital of Washington County, 
Md., lies on the Antietam Creek, a 
tributary of the Potomac, 6 mis. 
beyond Mason and Dixon's Line. 
It is with its population of 10,119 
(in 1890) the thud largest city in 
Maryland. 

HAVRE DE GRACE, Md. 
On the mouth of the Susque- 
hanna River at the head of Chesa- 
peake Bay, is an old city of some 
importance because of its coal-trade. 
The bridge over the Susquehanna is 
a remarkable work of American 
engineering, it is 1^/* mis. long. 
The population of Havre was 3,244 
in 1890. 



OAKLAND, Md. 
A very popular summer-resort in 
the Alleghany Mountains. 6 mis. 
beyond Deer Park and 54 mis. west 
of Cumberland. The town is nicely 
laid out, and has a respectable 
number of good frame houses. 

OCEAN CITY, Md. 
The leading sea-shore resort of 
Maryland on the Atlantic Ocean. It 
lies on the so-called Eastern Shore 
that part of Maryland east or 
Chesapeake Bay, which is for the 
greatest part a fertile alluvial plain 
of light sandy loam and clay, free 
from stones, dotted with forests of 
oak and chestnut, and traversed by 
the estuaries of the Choptank, Poco- 
moke, Nanticoke, Chester and Elk 
rivers. 

OXFORD, Md. 
A sea -port, watering-place and 
summer-resort on the eastern shore 
of the Chesapeake Bay. 

THE MARYLAND 
AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, Md. 
In Prince George County, 8 mis, 
south of Washington, D. C., has a 
farm of 286 acres, its buildings on 
College HUl command a nice view. 
Chartered in 1856 and opened in 
1859, it is the second existing college 
of agriculture founded in America. 

TOLCHESTER BEACH, Md. 
See, "Ocean City". 



167 



BALTIMORE, Md. 



The metropolis of Maryland has 
several railway stations: 

Camden Station on Camden near 
Howard Streets is the local terminal 
of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. 

Union Station on North Charles 
Street is the depot for the Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad, the Northern Central, 
the Philadelphia, Wilmington and 
Baltimore, the Baltimore and Potomac 
and the Western Maryland Railroads. 
The Western Maryland has its main 
depot on Hillen Street. The station 
of the Baltimore and Lehigh Rail- 
road coming from Long Green, 
Belair, and York, Pa., is on North 
Avenue. The Northern Central has 
a station on Calvert Street. 

Baltimore is 184 miles distant from 
New York and 39 miles from Wash- 
ington. 

The city is also reached from the 
towns of the Eastern Shore of 
Maryland and from Philadelphia, 
Boston and Savannah by numerous 
steamboat lines, whose wharves line 
Light street and the adjacent water 
front. 

The North German Lloyd runs 
weekly a steamer direct from Bremen 
to Baltimore. Its docks are on 
Locust Point, which is connected by 
ferry with the foot of Broadway. 

The general Agents of the North 
German Lloyd are Mess. A. Schu- 
macher & Co. in South Gay Street. 

The senior partner of the firm, 
Mr. G. A. von Lingen, is the German 
Consul. 

For all banking trEmsactions Mtd- 
dendorf, Oliver & Co., bankers and 
brokers, No. 213 E. German St. 
are to be recommended. 

158 



Conveyances: The street car system 
of Baltimore is one • of the most 
extensive in the country, affording 
quick and easy access to eveiy section 
of the city. Fares 5 cents for adults 
and three cents for children. A 
polite inquiry addressed to the first 
policeman encountered will always 
secure the quickest and best route. 

Hansom, cabs, coupes and carriages 
meet all important trains at the 
depots. Fare to Hotel 25 cents each 
person. The safest plan is to make 
terms before engaging the vehicle. 

Hotels: Hotel Rennert, corner of 
Saratoga and Liberty Streets, is a 
finely appointed house in the Center 
of the City. Attentive service, veiy 
good cuisine, excellent view from the 
dome of the house. European plan 
from $ 1.50 upwards strongly to be 
recommended. 

The Stajford, an other first class 
hotel, finely appointed, located in 
the most fashionable part of the city 

Board and lodging can be secured 
in private dwellings at moderate 
rates in almost every section of the 
city. 

Restaurants: Rennert' s, corner 
Saratoga and Liberty Streets; The 
Sta^ord, restaurant of the hotel; 
Woman's Industrial Exchange, corner 
Charles and Pleasant Streets; Ditch's, 
corner North Avenue and Charles 
Street; Marshall's, corner of Calvert 
and German Streets are for ladies 
and gentlemen. 

For gentlemen: Green House, on 
Pratt near Charles Streets; Mullin's, 
Liberty above Baltimore Streets; 
Helley's, North Eutaw near Baltimore 
Street. 



Lunch rooms and coffee houses, 
ate found in numbers, in all the 
principal streets. 

Turkish Baths. The best Turkish 
Baths in Baltimore are the Rowland 
Turkish Baths ; for gentlemen in the 
Equitable Building opposite the Post- 
Office, for ladies , 320 Saratoga St. 
near Eutaw. 

Places of Amusement: The 
Lyceum, on North Charles Street is 
a finely appointed theatre. The 
Academy of Music is a favorite 
resort, moderate scale of prices. 
Ford's Opera House on Fayette 
near Eutaw is a very good theatre; 
Holliday Street Theatre, opposite 
the City Hall is in the eastern part 
of the City; The Monumental in 
East Baltimore Street is devoted to 
the variety stage; The Auditorium- 
in North Howard Street, melodrama. 
The Front Street Theatre is the most 
interesting from an historical point 
of view. JDuring the winter season, 
a regular course of Concerts and 
recitals and semi-weekly lectures at 
the Peabody Institute. 

Reading-Rooms accessible to the 
visitor upon request are : The Peabody 
Institute, the Enoch Pratt Free 
Library, on Mulberry near Cathedral 
Streets ; the New Mercantile Library, 
in Charles near Saratoga Streets; 
the Maryland Historical Society, 
Saratoga and St. Paul Streets ; Young 
Men's Christian Association, corner 
Charles and Saratoga Streets; Mary- 
land Instittite Library, in Baltimore 
and Hairison Streets. 

The Peabody Institute and the 
Maryland contain art collections, 
open to the public. 

DuringLent,7l^ William. T. Walters 
throws open his matchless Art 
Galleries, a nominal admission fee 
being charged for the benefit of the 
Poor Association. 

A TOUR OF THE CITY, 

To secure a general view of the 
city's arrangement, suburbs and 
harbor the visitor may go on the 
top of Hotel Rennert or Washington 
Monument. Starting out from ihe 
last named point walk out to Mt. 
Vernon Place and Monument Street 
to Eutaw Street. Take the Madison 



Avenue cable car and ride to North 
Avenue. Walk over to Eutaw Place 
and down through the squares to 
Dolphin Street. Return to Mc Mechen 
Street turning east to Charles Street. 
Take the Blue Line car and ride 
south to Calvert and Lexington Streets. 
See Battle Monument, visit New 
CourtBuildings, Post office, Equitable 
Building, Law Building and City 
Hall. Go down North Street to 
Baltimore, thence west to Eutaw and 
Washington Monument. 

The shopping and retail centre of 
the city is in Lexington and Baltimore 
and Eutaw Streets. 

POINTS OF INTEREST. 

City Hall. The various depart- 
ments and bureaus of the municipal 
government are gathered together in 
the City Hall, a beautiful and impos- 
ing structure of white marble, located 
in the central section of the city. It 
is a fine specimen of Renaissance 
architecture, and occupies the entire 
block bounded by Holliday, North, 
Fayette and Lexington Stre^ets. 

Post- Office and Custom. Hotise 
occupies the greater part of the block 
bounded by Fayette, Lexington, 
Calvert and North Streets and was 
erected at a cost of over $ 2,000,000. 

Baltimore has the title "the 
Monumental City". This name is 
not derived from the number of its 
stone memorials, but from the fact, 
that it was the first city in America 
to erect a worthy tribute to the 
memory of Georgb Washington. 

Washington Monument is situated 
at the intersection of Mount Vernon 
Place and North Charles Street. It 
is a graceful Doric column, built of 
white marble. The base is 50 feet 
square and 24 feet high; the height 
of the column itself is 164 feet. 

The shaft, surmounted by a 
striking figure of Washington, the 
work of Causisi, represents him in 
the act of resigning his commission 
at Annapolis. This statue is sixteen 
leet high and weighs sixteen and a 
half tons. The erection of the 
memorial was due largely to private 
initiative, the first steps having been 
taken as early as 1809. 

The corner-stone was laid July 4, 



159 



1815. In 1827 the State of Mary. 
land undertook the work and decided 
that the insription upon it should 
be expressive of the p^ratitude of 
the State. A winding stairway, in 
the interior of the Monument, leads 
to a parapet at the top. The magnif- 
icent view afforded of the ctiy, the 
harbor and the surrounding country 
amply repays the visitor for the 
slight fee and ascent. 

Bailie Monument is in Monument 
Square in front of the Post Oftice. 
It was erected in grateful commemora- 
tion of the gallantry of citizens of 
Baltimore who fell fighting at the 
battle of North Point. The shaft 
of the statue presents fasces, sym- 
bolical of the Union. This is orna- 
mented with bas-relief, one represent- 
ing the battle of North Point and 
death of General Ross, the other, 
the bombardment of Fort Mc. Henry. 
The whole is surmounted by a 
Figure, symbolical of the City of 
Baltimore. 

Welb and Mc. Comas Monuine?it 
is a plain marble shaft rising thirty- 
three feet above the ground, at the 
intersection of Gay and Aisquith 
streets. It was erected in 1873 to 
the memory of two young riflemen, 
Daniel Wells and Henry G. Mc 
Comas, to whom the death of 
General Ross, the British commander 
at North Point is attributed. Both 
men were killed. 

Armislead Monument : is a marble 
block in Hill Park perpetuating the 
gallantry of Lieut. -Col. George 
Arniistead, who commanded at Fort 
Mc Henry during its bombardement 
by the British in l8l4. 

North Point Monument: A small 
shaft marking the battlefield of 
NorthPoint, seven miles from the city. 

Columbus Monument: is the tall 
shaft to Ckristopher Columbus, 
situated on the grounds of the 
Samuel Ready Orphan Asylum, 
between North Avenue and the 
Harford road. It was erected in 
l792 by Chevalier d' Amnour. This 
is the earliest Columbus Memorial 
in the New World. 

Columbus Momiment: Exactly one 
hundred years after the erection of 
the memorial described above, on 
the 12 th of October 1892, a second 



monument to Columbus was unveiled 
in Druid Hill Park. It is a present 
of the Italian residents of the city. 

Poe Monument marks the remains 
of Edgar Allen Poe in the church- 
yard of the Westminster Presbyterian 
Church, at the south east Corner of 
Greene and Fayette streets. 

Wallace Statue. A handsome 
replica of the heroic statue of Sir 
William Wallace has been erected 
in Druid Hill Park. 

Washington Slalue. Adjacent to 
the main entrance in Druid Hill 
Park stands a faithful reproduction 
in marble of Washington. 

Wildey Monument on Broadway 
near Fairmount Avenue stands the 
monument to the memory of Thomas 
Wildey, the founder of American 
Odd Fellowship. 

Ridgeley Momiment, beautifully 
situated in Harlem Park, records 
the memory of James L. Ridgeley. 

A fine bronze Figure of Chief 
Justice Taney stands in Washington 
Place opposite the Peabody Institute. 
A bronze statue of George Peabody 
is on Mt. Vernon Place ; it is a copy 
of the Peabody statue in London. In 
Greenmount cemetery sure the statue 
of John Mc Donogh, the founder of 
Mc Donogh School, memorials to 
William Boyd Ferguson, who lost 
his life iu 1855 while nursing the 
sick during the terrible yellow fever 
epidemy ; to William. Prescott Smith 
and to William R. Creery, who was' 
superintendent of the public schools 
of Baltimore. In the London Park 
Cemetery there is within the enclosure, 
where lie buried Confederate soldiers, 
the statue of a Confederate Cavalry- 
man, erected to the memory of 
Marylanders who lost their lives in 
the service of the Confederacy. Not 
far away are monuments erected to 
General James R. Herbert and 
General Harry Gilmor, distin- 
guished Maryland Confederate gen- 
erals, and a memorial erected by 
the Murray Assstciation to the fallen 
members of that command. On a 
pleasant eminence, at the north end 
of Bonnie Brae, a simple Doric mass 
marks the remains of Captain John 
Gleeson, a gallant member of the 
Fifth Maryland Federal Regiment. 



160 




EUROPEAN PLAN 



LIBERTY and SARATOGA STS. 



^A\LTijii©^i, mm. 



160a 



THE KEELEY CURE 

ALCOHOL, OPIUM and 

TOBACCO USING. 



The Government of the 
United States has adopted 
the Keeley Treatment in the 
Soldiers Homes. 

K the patient prefers a 
Keeley Institute outside the 
City of Baltimore, the Keeley 
Institute, Greensboro, N. C. 
is recommended. 

The only Keeley Institute in Maryland is located at 
1418 MADISON AVENUE BALTIMORE, Maryland. 



104 



J. WM. MIDDENDORF. WM. B. OLIVER. 

»7 BANKERS & BROKERS 

(KEYSER BUILDING) No. 213 E. GERMAN ST. 

Members .^_ ^^^ — ' 

BaUimore Stock Exchange. (^yOa'^ifHOie, *^/Ca. 



The Lake Submarine Company 

controls the patents of Simon Lake for submarine boats in the United 
States and foreign countries. These boats are useful for wrecking 
and performing all kinds of submarine engineering works, laying 

foundations, etc.; also in the coral, pearl, and sponge fisheries. 

The utility of these boats was demonstrated by the trials of the 

„Argonaut", which was witnessed by thousands, and chronicled all over 

the world by the press. Boats built, and territory rights granted. 

For detailed information, illustrations, etc., apply to, 



105 



The Lake Stibmarime Oompany-) 

Baltimore, Md. 

160 d 



ARCHITECTURE: 

The characteristic of Baltimore ar- 
chitecture is solidity and convenience. 

To the buildings already mention- 
end, we beleive the foUowings well 
worthy the attention of visitors: 

Eutaw Savings Bank at the 
southwest corner of Eutaw and 
Fayette Streets. 

Central Savings Bank corner 
Lexington and Charles Streets. 

B. and O. Railroad Building coxnex 
of Calvert and Baltimore Streets. 

Farmers and Merchants Bank 
corner Lombard and South Streets. 

Mercantile Trust corner of Calvert 
and German Streets. 

S char/ Building, corner Paca and 
Baltimore Streets. 

Telephone Building corner of 
St. Paul and Bank lane. 

Fidelity Building corner Charles 
and Lexington Streets. 

Manufacturers' Record Building 
in Lexington Street. 

Law Record Building corner St. 
Paul and Fayette Streets. 

To be mentioned in this connection 
are also the buildings of the Johns 
Hopkins Hospital, the Johns Hopkins 
University, the Woman's College, 
Calvert Institute, Bryn Mawr School, 
College of Physicians and Surgeons, 
the Chamber of Commerce and the 
bridges that span Jones' Falls. 

Baltimore is the seventh city in 
point of population in the United 
States. It is situated on the Patapsco 
River at the head of tide water and 
navigation, 14 miles from Chesapeake 
Bay. The city extends about 
4'/2 miles from East to West and 
SVz miles from North to South. It 
has a population of over 500,000, of 
which 70,000 are colored; about 
100,000 people are of German descent. 

The city is divided, into two nearly 
equal parts by a small stream, Jone's 
Falls, which rises twenty miles to 
the north and flows entirely through 
the city. The part of the city north 
east, of the stream is known as Old 
Town. Fell's Point and Canton are 
respectively the south and south- 
east ends of this section. The south 
western section is chiefly occupied 
by foreigners. Further to the north, 
east, and north-east, stretches squaie 



after square of neat dwellings, 
occupied by ai^tisans and bread- 
winners. 

Taking up the section west of the 
Falls, Locust Point is first to be 
noted — an irregular strip extending 
to the south-east, with innumerable 
wharves, railroad terminals, and 
grain elevators, tipped at the very 
extremity by Fort McHenry. The 
south-western corner is Spring 
Garden and here again the social 
picture shades off into darker tints. 
Beginning at the water's ejige on 
Pratt street, which forms the extreme 
northern limit of the Harbor, is the 
wholesale business section with its 
massive warehouses and concentrated 
mercantile life. A little beyond is 
Baltimore street, the chief latitudinal 
throroughfare. Further on, and 
widening out a little to the west 
are situated the great retail establish- 
ments and shopping thoroughfares, 
while beyond and extending half 
way to the northern limits are found 
the fashionable dwelling sections and 
promenades of the city. The gi^eat 
body of citizens, from which Balti- 
more draws its strength and prosper- 
ity, occupies the north-western and 
northern sections, with the same 
outer border of cheerful, comfortable 
dwellings. Houses are numbered on 
the decunal plan, running nofth and 
south from Baltimore Street apd east 
and west from Charles ' Street. 
"Baltimore is prominently a pleasant 
place to Hve in." Mr. J. H. Hollander, 
A. B. writes: "Not only is its climate 
temperate and invigorating, but the 
peculiar topographical arrangement 
of the region facilitates natural 
drainage and renders the city as 
healthful as picturesque. Municipal 
improvements have kept pace with 
advancing civilization. Just ag Balti- 
more was the first city in the 
United States to be illuminated by 
gas, the first to aid the construction 
of a railroad, and the first to be 
connected with the outside world by 
electric telegraph, so now its water 
supply is unequalled in magnitude 
and purity, its parks and squares 
far-famed for natural beauty, and its 
police and fire departments of rare 
completeness and efficiency. Much 
has been written of the warmth of 



IQX 



Baltimore social life. The elements 
that constitute it evade analysis; but 
there is everywhere telt a character- 
istic spirit ofheai-tiness and fellowship, 
that raises Maiyland hospitality to 
ihe same pre-eminence as the beauty 
of its women and the excellence of 
its bay products." 

Baltimore was founded in 1729. 
The name derives from the Irish 
Barons of Baltimore, to whome 
belonged the Colony Maryland. 
1768 it became a County Town, in 
1780 an open port. From the close 
of the war up to 1820 its growth 
was phenomenal. During the war 
of 1812 the city was attacked by 
land and water, but successfully 
defended. Baltimore suffered much 
by the Civil War, but since has 
grown by mighty bounds into a 
great metropolis. 

PARKS AND SQUARES. 

The feature of which every citizen 
of Baltimore is proud of, is 
Druid Hill Park. The park has now 
an area of some 700 acres. It was 
acquired in 1868 by purchase from 
the Rogers family of the Druid Hill 
Estate. It had received its name 
from the groves of magnificent oaks. 
The park is provided with four 
entrances, a main entrance on Madison 
avenue, the ]\Iount Royal avenue 
entrance, facing Oliver street, the 
Eutaw street entrance and the Druid 
Hill avenue entrance. The first two 
are adorned with handsome gateways. 
Immediately to the right of the main 
entrance is Druid HiU Lake, with a 
magnificent driveway of one and a 
half miles. In other parts of the 
park are reservoirs, a boating and 
skating lake, and a fish-pond. Man)^ 
natural springs, as Edmund's Well, 
Crise Fountain, Silver Spring, ador- 
ned by graceful fonts out of which 
crystal streams bubble, are scattered 
throughout the park. There are 
many miles of carriage roads, varying 
from twenty to sixty feet in width, 
numerous foot paths and extensive 
bridle-paths. Nine groves, fitted 
with shelters and play-grounds, are 
used as picnic-grounds, permits for 
a day's exclusive occupation being 
issued by the Superintendent of the 



Park. Grounds for base-ball, lacrosse 
and lawn-tennis are laid out for 
public use and carefully maintained 
m order. Two large buildings grace 
the interior of the park; the smaller, 
the Maryland Building, a relic of the 
Philadelphia Centennial Exposition, 
and the Mansion House, a general 
shelter house. A little beyond is a 
small zoological collection. 

Adequate appreciation of this 
magnilicent park involves both 
walking and driving. It contains 
beautiful spots, such as: Philosopher's 
Walk, Prospect Hill, Tempest Hill 
and the Dell. The exits of the park 
lead out upon the Reistertown and 
Pimlico roads. 

The Park is reached by the 
Madison Avenue and Gilmore Street 
Cable Cars. 

Patterson Park. — A beautiful 
stretch of highly improved land 
forms the favorite holiday retreat 
for the eastern section of the city. 
It has grown from a few acres 
presented for this purpose in 1827 
by the man whose name it perpetuates. 
The main entrance on Patterson Park 
avenue is a striking marble gateway, 
and faces a large fountain with a 
basin fifty feet m diameter. Her^ 
the gardener's skill has had free 
scope, and as far as the eye caii 
reach are seen symmetrical beds of 
flaming color. A conservatory 
containing a well-selected collection 
of plants is one of the chief attractions 
of the park. In the southeast corner 
is a large boat lake, which in pleasant 
weather is fairly alive with tiny crafts. 
Elsewhere are pavilions, refreshment 
rooms, seats and benches in 
abundance. 

The park is of historic interest as 
containing the original earth-works 
thrown up in 1814 by citizen 
volunteers, when an attack on the 
city was threatened by the British 
under General Ross. The batteiy 
still remains; covered with velvety 
verdure, aud surmounted by a high 
flags taif. 

A carriage-way extends entirely 
around the park, and passes the 
chief points of interest. There ai'e 
also numerous walks for pedestrians. 
The park is reached by the cable 
cars of the Traction Une, which 



163 



connect it with Druid Hill Park, 
five miles beyond. 

Federal Hill Park. — In many- 
respects the hnest view of the city- 
is afforded by an elevated plateau, 
eighty-five feet above tide, -which 
forms the larger part of Federal Hill 
Park. It serves a practical purpose 
as the site of the Marine Obsei-vatory, 
used to signal the approach of ships. 
The grounds -n'-ere purchased by the 
city in 1878. The base of the park 
covers eight and a quarter acres, 
and the plateau a surface of four 
and! a half acres. Both are divided 
into -walks and drives, and hand- 
somely adorned with trees, shrubbeiy 
and flower beds. From the crest of 
the plateau it is easy to distinguish 
many of the prominent buildings of 



the city .which extends about three si- 
des of the park, while directly in front 
is the harbor and shipping, The 
park marks the site of the ramparts 
constructed by General Butler during 
the war, but now cut down and 
converted into extensive walks and 
drives. 

The park is situated in South 
Baltimore, and is reached by the Blue 
line and by the Paca street cars. 

Riverside Park. — In a line 
directly south of the park just 
described lies Riverside Park, a 
pleasant enclosure of seventeen and 
a half acres, overlooking the Patapsco 
River, Locust Point, Fort McHenry 
and the Bay as far as North Point. 
The Park is laid out in well-arranged 
walks and drives; entrances are 



The Rowland Turkish Baths. 



GENTLEMEN: Equitable Building, opposite Post Office 
LADIES: 320 JSaragota, near Eutaw jSt. 

102 

BALTIMORE, MD. 




located at the north western corners. 
Historically it is noteworthy as 
containing the earthworks known as 
"Fort Covington". 

Harlem Park, located on the 
northwest side of Baltimore, is 
bounded by Gilmor & Calhoun 
Streets and Edmondson and Harlem 
Avenues. The park is remarkable 
for the richness of its gardening. 

Eutaw Place is the most beautiful 
residence section of the City, close 
by are Taney Place and Park 
Place Squares. Johnson Square 
is bounded by Biddle, Valley, Chase 
and McKinn streets. Southwards 
are Washinrion and Mount Vernon 
Squares; they have a characteristic 
air of refinement and wealth. The 
plats are adorned with flowers, 
fountains and statuary. Of the last 
named the most noticeable are several 



.bronze pieces by Barye, representing 
Peace, War, Force and Order; a 
colossal lion by the same artist; 
Military Courage by Dubois, and a 
statue of Chief Justice Taney in 
heroic size. Westward lie Perkins^ 
Spring Square, triangular in shape 
and bright with flower beds of vari- 
ous colors ; Lafayette Square, faced 
by four churches, and always cool 
and shady; Franklin Square, differ- 
ing little from the preceding; Union 
Square, with its magnificent leafy 
canopy of poplars and maples; and 
Pulton Avenue, a series of open 
squares extending from Franklin 
street to Baker Circle, a circular 
plot laid out in lawn. In the eastern 
and southern sections of the city are 
Jackson Square, at the intersection 
of Broadway and Fayette street; 
Madison Square, with a running 



163 



fountain and pleasant approaches; 
the City Spring, well shaded and 
caiefuUy kept; Ashland Square, the 
site of the Wells and Mc Comas 
Monument; and the Broadway 
Squares, extending from Baltimore 
to Gay streets. 

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 

Baltimore ranks as one of the 
foremost educational centers of the 
country. Beside the public schools 
personal philanthropy in the form 
of the Peabody Institute and the 
Johns Hopkins University has made 
Baltimore almost unique among 
modern cities. Among the public 
schools special mention is due to 
the Baltimore Manual Training 
School on Courtland near Saratoga 
Streets.^ It was the first school ol 
its kind in the United states established 
as a part of a pub'ic school system. 
Later on a Colored Manual Training 
School was established on Fremont 
near Lombard Streets. 

The State Normal School on the 
northwest corner of Lafayette and 
CarroUton Avenues, is devoted to 
the training of teachers of both 
sexes. 

University of Maryland, corner 
of Lombard and Greene Streets. 
Founded in 1807 as a medical school, 
a faculty of Law was added in 1870 
adjoining the Medical College in 
Lombard Street. In 1882 a Dental 
School was founded; it occupies a 
building adjacent to the University 
in Green street. 

Johns Hopkins University is located 
in the heart of Baltimore. The 
various academic buildings are in 
the block bounded by Howard, 
Eutaw, Monument and Little Ross 
Streets. This University owes its 
foundation to the liberality of the 
Baltimore merchant whose name it' 
bears. 

The Woman's College is located 
in St. Paul Street near the First 
Methodist Episcopal Church. 

St. Mary's Seminary of St. Sulpice 
is the oldest Catholic theological 
seminziry in the country. It occupies 
a series of substantial buildmgs 
enclosed by a high brick wall, in 
the square bounded by Paca, Druid 



Hill Avenue, Pennsylvania Avenne 
and St. Mary's Street. 

Mc Donogh Farm. School: On 
the Western Maryland Ry. is located 
one of the most remarkable boy's 
schools. It owes its existence to the 
philanthropy of John Mc Donogh, 
a wealthy merchant of Baltimore, 
who left a part of the income of his 
property for the establishment of a 
farm school. A fann of 835 acres 
was purchased and a good building 
erected. The boys perform the lighter 
work of the farm; a weekly paper is 
issued. Carpenter and mashine shops 
are in operation, at the same time 
indoor studies are not neglected. 

MEDICAL COLLEGES. 

The following is a list of the medical 
Colleges in Baltimore: 

College of Physicians and Surgeons, 
corner Calvert and Saratoga Streets. 
It exercises exclusive control over 
the Baltimore City Hospital and the 
Maryland Lying m Asylum. 

Tde Baltimore Medical College 
in Howard Street, has control of the 
Maryland General Hospital. 

The Baltimore University founded 
in 1884, comprises a School of 
Medicine, with dental and veterinary- 
departments, and a Law School. 

The Woman's Medical College is 
situated in Druid Hill Avenue corner 
of Hoffman Street. The Hospital of 
the Goods Samaritan is 'under its 
control. 

The Baltimore College of Dental 
Surgery was the first dental college 
organized in the world. It is located 
on the corner of Franklin and Eutaw 
Streets. 

The Maryland College of Phar- 
macy occupies the building at the 
corner of Fayette and Aisquith Streets. 
Notable among private institutions 
are : 

Calvert Institute, corner Cathedral 
and Mulberry Streets. 

Bryn Mawr School, corner of 
Cathedral and Preston Streets, the 
building is the gift of Miss Mary 
Garrett. 

Academy of the Visitation, Centre 
Street and Park Avenue. 

Oliver Hibernian Free School \\\ 
North Street. 



164 



Loyola College (Jesuit Fathers) in 
Calvert and Madison Streets. 

Mt. De Sales Academy. Frederick 
Road near Catonsville. 

Noire Dame of Maryland on the 
Baltimore and Lehigh Rd. 

INSTITUTIONS OF ART AND 
SCIENCE. 

The Peabody Institute is the foun- 
dation of George Peabody, an Ame- 
ricanbanker who had made the first 
part of his great fortune in Baltimore, 
between 1815 and 1836. It contains 
a library of about 100,000 volunies. 
It is open during all the faU and 



winter months from 9 a. m. until 
9.30 p. m. Above the Library is 
the Gallery of Art. Here is an 
extensive collection of antique casts, 
presented by the late John W. Garrett. 
In another part are reproductions of 
Renaissance and modem art from 
the same donors. The Rinchart 
corridor contains the original casts 
of portrait busts from the Roman 
studio of the American sculptor. 
The gems of the Gallery are a series 
of marbles and bronzes, the legacy 
of John W. Mc Coy, contained in 
the Clytie Room. The Picture Gallery 
contains some of the best specimens 
of American Art. Above the lecture 



TRUSSES 



One Week's Trial 



f REE 



If not perfectly protected with comfort and ease no diarg^e. 

Not one cent required until cure is effected. 

98 No detention from daily avocation. 

SECURITY RUPTURE CURE 

BALTIMORE, MP. 346 Equitable Bld'g. 



hall is the Conservatory of music. 
In the large hall lectures and concerts 
are gfiven during the winter season. 
Walters Art Gallery. The galleries 
of Mr. William F. Walters, No. 5 
Mt. Vernon Place, contain the finest 
private art collection in the country. 
The large parlors contain bronzes, 
cases of rare old silver, and groups 
of Royal Worcester, Dresden and 
Sevres. There is a chamber with 
furniture of the time- of Marie 
Antoinette; another in the old Dutch 
style. Another upper room contains 
bronzes and water colors by Barye. 
In the dining room are rare French 
vases and bronzes. The first gallery 
at the rear of the house is lined with 
cases of porcelains. Famous in this 
room is the collection of 1400 
specimens of the Chinese ceramic 
art, and the Japanese porcelains and 



potteries. The Oriental Department 
contains some 200 bronzes, 200 metal 
objects of gold, silver, iron and 
copper; 150 swords, 800 sword 
guards, 400 other appliances of the 
sword, 500 ivory carvings, 500 
lacquers. 

The Gallery of Oil Paintings 
represents a complete index to the 
best art of this century. The religious 
sentiment of Ary Scheffer and the 
fiery spirit of Horace Vernet are 
followed by specimens of Delacroix 
andDelaroche and these by specimens 
of Jalabert and Yvon. There are 
four works by Gerome, five by 
Millet, four by Rousseau, three by 
Corot, three by Fromentin, four by 
Daubigny, three, by Dupre and a 
Troyon. French Art is also repres- 
ented by paintings by Couture, 
Decamps. Glayre, Isabey, Saint Jean, 



166 



Plassan/Meissonier.Herbert.Schreyer, 
De Neuville, Detaille, Jacque, Van 
Marcke and Ziem. 

Fortuny, Jiminez and Rico illustrate 
the Franco -Spanish school; Baron 
Leys' "Edict of Charles V", speaks 
for modern Belgian art; the Achen- 
bachs, Preyer, Vautier and Hidde- 
mann represent Dusseldorf; Gallait 
and Clays, Brussels, Professor MuUer, 
Vienna; Carl Becker and Knaus, 
Berlin; Millais, Ahna Tadema and 
Boughton, England; and America is 
represented by Gilbert Stuart, A. B. 
Durand, C. L, Elliott, George A. 
Baker, F.E. Church, Eastman Johnson 
and H. Bolton Jones. 

The water-color room opening 
from the first gallery contains water 
colors by Alma Tadema, Green, 
Fortuny, Meissonier, a drawing in 
india ink by Rousseau, and another 
in ink and pastel, together with 
statues by Rinehart and Palmer. 

The Gallery is open to the public 
at a nominal fee, the proceeds of 
which are devoted to a public charity, 
every Wednesday in February and 
March, and Wednesdays and Sat- 
urdays in April. 

Maryland Historical Society or- 

fanized in 1844. It has a substantial 
uilding known as the Athenaeum 
Building on Saratoga near Charles 
Streets, an art gallery and a priceless 
collection of manuscripts, documen- 
tary records, volumes and pamphlets. 
The first floor is devoted to library 
and reading room. On the second 
floor ai-e three connecting galleries 
filled with paintings and curios. There 
are three MurUlos, too Rubens, a 
Rembrandt, landscapes by Adrian 
Vandenvelde, Moucheron, Snayres etc. 
Marines by Vernst, Brooking, 
Vandenvelde and Backhuysen and 
many good copies. 

The Gallery is open from 10 A. M. 
till 4 P. M. 

Maryland Academy of Sciences 
is in the Old Maryland Club Building 
and contains a fine collection of the 
fauna and flora of the state, besides 
minerals etc. 

Maryland Institute is in a granite 
bnUding in Baltimore and Harrison 
streets. It includes a library, a 
night school, and a school of design. 

Charcoal Club: has its head 



qiiatters' over the Provident Savings 
Bank. 

Decorative Art Society, axi interest- 
ing display of artistic handiwork 
can always be seen at the rooms of 
this organization, 315 North Charles 
street. 

Among the many libraries of 
Baltimore special mention must be 
made of the Enoch Pratt Free 
Library. This institution was founded 
by Enoch Pratt, a native of Massa- 
chusetts, who first became a resident 
of Baltimore in 1831. The central 
building is in Mulberry near 
Cathedral streets; five branch li- 
braries are conveniently located in 
the different parts of the city. 

Among the many hospitals and 
Homes of the city The Johns Hopkins 
Hospital is of chief interest for the 
visitor. It is in construction and 
equipment one of the finest in the 
world. The hospital can easily be 
reached by the Aisquith Street or 
Centre Street cars. On Wednesday 
afternoon between 3 and 5 o'clock, 
guides are provided for the inspection 
of the institution. Churches are in 
all parts of the city for nearly every 
religion. Baltimore was the residence 
of Cardinal Gibbons. The Cathedral 
is located at the corner of Mulberry 
and Cathedral streets. Many of the 
Catholic churches of the City are 
worth visiting. 

The oldest church in the city is 
St. Paul's, on North Charles near 
Saratoga Streets. (Protestant Epis- 
copal) erected in 1702. Emanuel 
Church, corner of Read and Cathedral 
streets, is a striking Gothic edifice. 
The finest Presbyterian Church is 
the First, corner of Park Avenue 
and Madison Street. 

The oldest Methodist Episcopal is 
the First Church, corner of St. Paul 
and Third streets. 

The Associate Reformed Church 
occupies one of the most striking 
church structures in the city at the 
corner of Maryland Avenue and 
Preston Street. 

INDUSTRIES: 

Almost all branches of industry 
are prosecuted to some extent in 



166 



the citjr or its vicinity. Among these 
are ship building, iron and copper 
works, woolen and cotton manufac- 
tures, pottery, sugar refining, petro- 
leum refining, distilling, saddlery, 
agricultural implement making, cab- 
inet touning etc. In the vicinity oJ 
Baltimore the finest brick kiln, is 
found in the world, where more 
than 100,000,000 bricks are made 
annually. The Abbot Iron Works 
in the eastern part ot the city has 
one of the largest rolling mills. 

A peculiar industry of Baltimore 
is the packing of oysters in air- 
tight cans and shippmg them to all 
parts of the world. The oysters 
are taken from Chesapeake Bay. 
Fruits and vegetables are also packed 
the same way, the trade consuming 
from 20-30 million cans annually. 

This city is one of the largest 
flour markets in the Union and 
carries on a large export trade in 
tobacco. 

We direct the attention' to one of 
the most modern industrial enter- 
prises in the world, which has been 
inaugurated in the city by The Lake 
Submarine Company. This Comp- 
any has constructed a Submarine 
Wrecking Boat, which enables the 
whole of the outfit including divers- 



quarters in the air compressing plant, 
tools, winches, etc., to be placed at 
the bottom of the ocean in close 
proximity to a wreck; the many 
advantages of such a device, are 
obvious, and the details, as worked 
out by Mr. Simon Lake of Baltimore, 
are certainly full of interest. A 
wrecking boat containing a full staff 
of diveis and all necessary machinery 
and tools for their work,, which is 
capable of proceeding to the scene 
of a wreck under its own steam and 
sinking to a good working position 
alongside a sunken ship, where 
operations can be carried on un- 
interruptedly, is a valuable acquisi- 
tion in salvage operations; such a 
submarine wrecking-boat is the Ar- 
gonaut. 

Special mention must be made of 
the Keeley Ins/itute, the methods of 
which the government of the United 
States has adopted for the treatment 
of alcohol, opium, tobacco, using. 
The Institute is located at 418 Mad- 
ison Ave., but if patients -prefer a 
Keeley Institute out-side of .the city, 
the one in Greensboro, N. C. is 
recommended. 

For those interested we mention 
the Security Rupture Company 346 
Equitable Building, see advertisement. 



Agents of the North German Lloyd: 

G. Lehnbach, 2'^0 S. Broadway, Baltimore, Md. 
Arthur W. Robson, 133 E. Balto St., Baltimore, Md. 
A. Schumacher & Co., 5 South Gay St., Baltimore, Md. 



167 




J-flSTORIC and 

PICTURESQUE 

p. <! e. 

TIIE GREAT TRUNK LINE 
between 

THE EAST & WEST. 



INDIAN CREEK 



'-'J^ 



A recent trip over the Royal Blue Line, New York to Washington 
and retiim, impressed the writer most strongly as to the wonderful 
possibilities regarding speed and luxury in railway travel in America. 
Having been in nearly every state in the Union and over a large part of 
Europe we ai-e prepared to feel ourselves acquainted with railway trans- 
portation thoroughly, and while in no way failing to recognize the splendid 
sei-vice furnished the public by the great railway lines of America, the 
writer believes that he is stating nothing too strongly in saying that in 
his judgment there is not a service in the world, which taken as a whole 
will compare with the famous Royal Blue Line. Not only is \the time via 
this line, the quickest ever made between New York and Washington, ; 
but with a road bed that is simply perfect, and an equipment so luxurious ;' 
as to leave nothing to be desired, it furnishes no doubt the finest service; 
of any line in the world. 

Every train via the Royal Blue Line is vestibuled from end to end, 
and consists not only of the most luxurious parlor and sleeping cars ever 

168 



made by the Pullman Palace Car Company, but also oi palatial day coach 
far superior to the parlor cars run on many lines with smoking compart- 
ments fitted up with chairs and sofas, the same as in drawing room cars. 
Although the service is so superior and the time so quick, on no train 
are there any extra charges. To those who desire accomodations in the 
drawing room or sleeping cars only the regular additional charges are 
asked, ind on all of the trains vestibuled day coaches are run open to 
the public, without any extra charges whatever. The dining car service 
attached to the principal trains is in keeping with the splendid character 
of the line's service and the cuisine equal to the best hotels of the country. 




It is no wonder that the Royal Blue Line has attained phenomenal popular- 
ity, and it has hot attained its position by any other reason than tl^at it 
deserved it. It is so incomparably superior to any service ever inau- 
gurated between the East and West, that it would be surprising jf the 
public did not patronize it so liberally; certainly no one who wants the 
best should take any other, and when it is considered that for the finest 
service in the world no additional charges of any description are required, 
it should receive, as it does, the endorsement and patronage of the public. 
The scenery crossing the Alleghany Mountains is not surpassed 
by any on the American Continent and certainly not by any in Europe. 

X69 



Writing of a recent trip across the mountains of West Virginia 
a gifted Journalist says: — 

"Twilight on the grade is grand. The mountain summits look like 
the bushy tops of trees. The sun has disappeared in a ball of &e at 
his "jumping-off-place", but the vivid lighting of the western sky by the 
still upturned illumining face below the horizon is in marked contrast to 
the gathering shades behind the rushing train. From shelf to shelf, from 




Q} 



to all points 

WEST 



7i m>i^\'Qy>:£):<jv!^'^'^'fQ)^':rSQJS 



crag to crag, from brink to brink we almost fly. Like a flashing trans- 
formation rendering almost past belieft he fact that the scene is in the 
midst of the AUeghanies, comes a bit of landscape gardening with all the 
beauties of walks and hedges and bright hued flowers, a mountain brooklet 
tumbling through the centre — Buckhorn Wall, the most noted and 
most admired view that can be had from any known point in the' Alleghany 
range. To enable the road to span the tiemendous gorges, a massive 
wall of cut stone was erected for a distance of several hundred feet, and 

170 



more tlian a hundred feet above tte foundation rock. As the river 
makes an abrupt turn at right angles, a deep canyon is opened up for 
miles. Range after range of mountains disappear behind each other. The 
shadowy outlines of single peaks steal out through the haze". 




HEART OF THE ALLEGHENIES. 

This beautiful scene is on the Baltimore & Ohio R. R. near 

Grafton, W. Va. The entire line from the Potomac to the Oldo is a 

majestic panorama of the grandest views on the continent and all endowed 

with historic interest, 

171 



MASSACHUSETTS. 



Before the invasion from Europe 
Massachusetts was inhabited by 
several tribes of Algonquin Indians. 

Before 1500, the Cabots may have 
cruised along the coast. Later came 
Verrazano and still later Pring, 
Champlain and others. In 1602 
Gosnold established a colony on 
Cuttyhunk, one of the Elizabeth 
Islands. Twelve years later Capt. 
John Smith made a map of the coast. 

John Endicott founded in 1626 at 
Salem the Massachusetts-Bay colony. 
In 1630 Gov. John Winthrop, aiid 
17 shiploads of colonists came over 
seas, and the capital was transferred 
to Mishawum, which was named 
Charlestown, and later to the Indian 
cornfields of Shawmut, which was 
renamed Boston. In 1643 the colonies 
of Massachusetts, Pl)^month, Connec- 
ticut and New Haven formed a con- 
federation for mutual defence against 
the Indians and the Dutch. These 
United States existed till 1684 when 
the revocation of the colony charter 
dissolved them. In 1691 Massachusetts, 
Plymouth and Maine were united 
in one government, under the name 
of the Province of Massachusetts Bay 
in A'ew England. 

Parts of New Hampshire and 
Vermont were included in Massachu- 
setts; Maine remained apart of it 
until 1820. 

The Province of Massachusetts 
had about 250,000 inhabitants M^hen 
the British Government began the 
aggressive acts which resulted in the 
Revolution, and the first battles of 
that conflict occui-ed on the soil ot 
this State. In 1780 the State adopted 



a Constitution and in 1788 it accepted 
the Federal Constitution. 

When the civil War broke out, in 
1861. The Massachusetts 'militia 
was the first to respond to the 
President's call for troops; 159,000 
men enlisted in the Federal army. 
For the past 25 years the State 
has been prospering and changing 
its investments in navigation into 
manufactures and western railroads. 
The name "Massachusetts" signifies 
■'Great Hills Place" or "at the Great 
Hills". The Bay State' is a popular 
name from the ancient title of the 
Colony of Massachusetts Bay. 

BERKSHIRE HILLS, Mass. 

The nursery of poets, famou's in 
song and story, celebrated for scenery 
of wondrous beauty, and esteemed 
for the health-creating purity of their 
atmosphere, are the Berkshii'e Hills, 
among the foremost of American 
summer resorts. Here is Lenox, 
perhaps the most ultra-fashionable 
mountain resort on the continent, and 
among the scores of other attractive 
places are Great Barrington, Stock- 
bridge, Lee, and Pittsfield, all 
celebrated resorts. 

To be reached by the New York, 
New Haven & Hartford R. R. 

BOSTON, Mass. 
see page 177. 

CHELSEA, Mass. 
Chelsea is connected with Boston 
by ferry and with Charlestown by a 
bridge over the Mystic river it has 



172 



28,000 inhabitants and possesses 
well known manufactures of tiles 
and pottery. Here are Woodlawn 
Cemetery, the Marine Hospital, the 
Soldiers Home, and the Naval Hos- 
pital. 

FALL RIVER, Mass. 

Has a population of 74,398 and is 
one of the lai-ge manufacturing cities 
of the State. It is situated on 
Narragansett Bay, and the steamers 
of the Fall River Line ply regularly 
between New York and this city; 
from here passengers are conveyed 
to Boston by the "Old Colony System" 
of the New York, New Haven & 
Hartford R. R. 
Agent of the North Geiinan Lloyd : 
James Duckett, 19 South Main St., 
Fall River, Mass. 



FITCHBURG, Mass. 
A busy manufacturing city of 
22,000 inhabitants, Nashua River on 
which it is buil^ affords a fine 
water-power. Its principal manufac- 
tures are cotton goods, paper, 
machineiy and agricultural instru- 
ments. The city possesses a fine 
bronze Monument in memory of the 
Soldiers' who fell in the civil war. 



GREENFIELD, Mass. 
_ Nineteen miles above Northampton 
lies this beautiful village. The hill 
ranges in the neighborhood open 
fine pictures of the valley, and the 
vicimty abounds with delightful 
drives. Greenfield is one of the 
most popular resorts in the Connec- 
ticut Valley. 

To be reached by the Connecticut 
Central & Fitchburg R. R. 

GLOUCESTER, Mass, 
Is thirty-one miles from Boston 
by the Boston & Maine Railroad. 

It has a population of 25,000 
inhabitants, situated on a noble 
harbor near the rocky tip of Cape 
Ann, which abounds in granite quar- 
ries. It is the foremost cod and 
mackerel fishing port in the world. 



HOLYOKfi, Mass. 
Is on the Boston & Maine Rail- 
road, eight* miles from Springfield. 
It has the gi^eat water-power of 
Hadley Falls on the Connecticut 
River and is the foremost' paper 
making city in the world, and has 
other profitable industries. Holyoke 
has 35,600 inhabitants and is well 
built; the City Hall is one of the 
finest in Massachusetts, and the 
Soldiers' Monument is very handsome. 

LAWRENCE, Mass. 
26 miles from Boston via the Boston 
& Maine R. R., on both sides of the 
Merrimac River,' Lawrence is situated., 
It is one of the largest manufacturing 
cities in the State and has a popula- 
tion of 44,700. In 1845 a dam was 
thrown across the river, giving c 
fall of water of nearly 30 feet and 
furnishing power for the numerous 
manufactories located here. 

Agent of the North German Lloyd : 

H. E. Btirckel, 24 Milford St., 
Lawrence, Mass. 

LOWELL, Mass. 

The third city of Massachusetts has 
77,696 inhabitants and is situated on 
the Merrimac, at the mouth of the 
Concord. The Pawtucket Falls in 
the Merrimac, which have a descent 
of 30 feet, furnish good waterpower 
for the different manufactories and 
in consequence Lowell is one of the 
most noted manufacturing places in 
the Union. The principal public 
buildings are the Court House, the 
City Hall and several churches and 
schoolhouses. 

Te be reached by the Boston & 
Maine R. R. 

Agents of theNorth Geiman Llyod: 

Denis Murphy, 8 Appleton St., 
Lowell, Mass. 

LYNN, Mass. 
11 miles from Boston by the 
Boston & Maine R. R, situated on 
the shore of Massachusetts Bay. 
Lynn is sun-bunded by pleasing 
scenery. It is a flourishing city of 



173 



55,727 inhabitants and pos§e§ge§ a 
splendid City Hall and a fine 
Soldiers' Monument, besides some 
handsome churches aild school- 
houses. 

For more information see Boston, 
Mass. 

NANTASKEt' BEACH, Mass. 
Nantasket Beach has become cele- 
brated as one of the finest ocean 
shores on the United States coast. 
It presents more of the elements 
which make up the grand, the at- 
tractive, and the complete in border 
scenery than are often found combin- 
ed. Here the surf pours inward 
from the bosom of the great ocean, 
purifying and polishing its sandy 
beach till it glitters in the summer 
sun rays like a plate mirror. At the 
far west end of the beach are the 
clustering highlands and headland, 
in the midst of which reposes Hull, 
with its outlying summer cottages 
dotting the hillsides, and its 
noted hostelries rising above the 
heights. 

NANTUCKET, Mass. 

Twenty-eight miles over the waters 
from Mai"tha's Vineyard lies the 
curiously-shaped island of Nantucket. 
It is about sixteen miles wide, practi- 
cally a little world in itself. Its shores 
are cut up into bays and promon- 
tories, and there are many beaches 
of white glistening sand, which 
afford excellent bathing. 

To be reached by steamer from 
Marthas Vineyard & New Bedford. 

NEW BEDFORD, Mass. 

New Bodfordimdoubtedly possesses 
one of the finest, as well as the most 
picturesque, harbors on the Atlantic 
coast. The entrance to the harbor, 
lying between Clark's Neck and 
Sconticut Point, is strongly fortified, 
and the wharf frontage extends along 
the broad Acushnet for two miles. 

New Bedford is a distributing 
center for the coal which goes to 
New England by water, as it is also 
the starting point for the steamer 
trip to Nantucket, Martha's Vineyard, 
and Cottage City. 



It has pleasant neighbors in . the 
pretty summer towTis of Fairhaven, 
Mattapoisett, Marion, and Nonquit 

New Bedford is an important 
manufacturing city with 40,700 in- 
habitants. 'The yearly output of 
cotton-cloth of the place is estimated 
at about 5,000,000. New Bedford is 
reached . from Boston by the Old 
Colony Railroad. 

NEWBURYPORT, Mass. 
An old historic town on the 
Merrimac riA'^er, three miles from the 
ocean. It has a population of 14,000, 
it possesses the beautiful High street 
and many quaint old Colonial 
Mansions. Nearby i& the first Chain 
Bridge buUt in America. 

NORTH ADAMS. Mass. 

A thriving town with 16,000 
inhabitants near the Hoosac Tunnel 
in Northern Berkshire, its cotton 
and woolen mills are important. 

To be reached by a branch of the 
Boston & Albany R. R. 

NORTHAMPTON, Mass. 
Reached by the Boston & Maine 
Railroad. Northampton has 15,000 
inhabitants and is said to be the 
most beautiful village in America, 
its streets are laid out with pic- 
turesque irregularity and abound in 
shade trees of noble size. Near the 
centre of the village is Smith's 
College for women, a large Art 
Gallery containing choice paintings 
and statuary, a large scientific build- 
in;4', a gymnasium and a music hall 
are connected with the college, the 
free Public Libiary is located in 
Memorial Hall wliich has been 
erected in memory of the victims of 
tlie civil war. Round Hill is on an 
eminence west of the village, Bancroft 
and Cogswell once had a boys 
school here. On this same hill is 
the Clarke Institution lor deaf mutes, 
and nearby are the buildings of the; 
State Lunatic Asylimi. 

NORTHFIELD, Mass. 

This quiet and beautiful New 
England town is located in the 



174 



charming Connecticut Valley just 
south of the Vermont line. 

PLYMOUTH, Mass. 

A quiet but flourishing manufac- 
turing town of 7,500 inhabitants on 
Cape Cod Bay. Its interest is 
chiefly historical and it will be for- 
ever famous as the landing place of 
the Pilgrim Fathers and as a site of 
the first settlement made in New 
England. 

Plymouth Rock,^ on which the 
Pilgrims first landed, is in Water 
Street and is covered by a handsorne 
granite canopy. Pilgrim Hall is in 
Court Street and contains the 
Public Library, Portraits and busts, 
and interesting relics of the early 
settlers of Massachusetts. 

Plymouth is 37 miles distant from 
Boston via Old Colony System. 

QUINCY, Mass. 
A beautiful town of 16,723 
inhabitants reached from Boston by 
the Old Colony System. It is 
noteworthy as the home of the 
Adams and Quincy families, and for 
its granite quarries, 

SALEM, Mass. 
A venerable town of 30,800 
population and the site of the first 
permanent settlement in the old 
Massachusetts Colony. Many inter- 
esting historical associations cluster 
around Salem. 



SPRINGFIELD, Mass. 

136 miles from New York City 
on the N. C. R. in the State of 
Massachusetts. (Hayne's Hotel, $2-3; 
Cooley's $ 2^li ; Warwick $ 2^k) on 
the lett side of the Coimecticut River. 
It is renowned for the United States 
At-mory located here in a Park, east 
from the Depot. Visitors are admitted 
on application at the office. Fine 
view from the tower. 

Springfield has about 50,000 inhab- 
itants. It is a nice city, well built up. 

Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
E. S. Batchelder, 492 Main Str., 
Springfield, Mass. 



Bondi Bros, Springfield, Mass. 

W. C. Gunn, 241 Main St., Spring- 
field, Mass. 



TAUNTON, Mass. 

A prosperous manufacturing city 
with 25,500 mhabitants on the Old 
Colony System between Fall River 
and Boston. It is situated on the 
Taunton- river. 

Its principal manufactures are 
tacks, cotton goods, machinery and 
silver ware. 

WALTHAM, Mass. 
A flourishing manufacturing town 
of 18,700 inhabitants on the Charles 
river. The first cotton mill in 
the United States was erected 
here in 1814, the place is noted as 
the site of the Waltham Watch 
Company Works, which are the most 
extensive in the world. To be 
reached from Boston by theFitchburg 
railroad. 

WORCESTER, Mass. 

190 miles from New York on the 
N. C. R. in the State of Massachusetts. 
Cars (5 cents) through principal 
streets; Cabs 50 cent. 

Post Office in Pearl Street. 

Worcester is the second largest 
city in Massachusetts about 100,000 
population. ,. Situated near the Black- 
stone River at the base of a range 
of hiUs. It is an important center 
of various industries: Machinery, 
ii-on-copper-and steel-wire; envel- 
opes; shoes; pianos and organs. 

George Bancroft was bom in 
Worcester in Salisbury Street. At 
the end of this street is the "Salisbury 
Pond". Here are the Wke-Works 
of Washburn & Moen, well worth 
a visit. 

Between "Millstone Hill" and "Bell 
Pond" rims Belmont Street to the 
large "State Insane Asylum" with 
arrangements for 1000 persons. 

Returning to the Common and 
following Main Street the visitor 
passesseveral churches and comes to 
"Clark Umverszty" ClMimzlQs) famous 
for its Chemical Departmant; and 
farther on to "Webster Square". 

75 9 



in Elm Street is the Free Public 
Library: in Walnut Street the High 
School, tlae Natural History Society's 
Mtiseum is in Foster Street open 
from 9 — 5. Worcester has a Poly- 
technic Institute ; the Ore ad Institute; 
and the Rom. Cath. College of the 
Holy Cross on Mount St. James in 
the South of the' City. 

Excursion can be made by electric 
cars to Leicester through Cherry 
Valley. A fine walk from Webster 



Square to Coes Pond. Electric car 
to the beautiful Quinsigaimond Lake 
two miles east of Worcester, 

Agents of the North German Lloyd : 

/ F. Healey, 396 Main St., Wor- 
cester, Mass. 

Geo Y. Lancaster, 346 Main St., 
Room 820, Worcester, Mass. 

O. F. Rawson, 391 Main St., Wor- 
cester Mass. 



176 



BOSTON. 



RAILWAY STATIONS. 

The New York, New Haven & 
Hartford Railroad occ\x^i&5 the „01(i 
Colony Depot", comer of South and 
Kjieeland Streets. 

The Boston and Albany Railroad 
on Kneeland Street between Lincoln 
and Utica Streets. 

The Boston and Maine Railroad 
has its depot at the new Union 
Station on Causeway Street, between 
Nashua and Haverhill Streets. 

STEAMERS BETWEEN NEW 
YORK AND BOSTON. 

Splendid boats ply between New 
York and Boston. In warm weather 
the journey is far more comfortable 
on the floating palaces of the Fall 
River and Norwich lines than by 
TEiil. Leaving New York in the 
evening the traveler reaches Boston 
in the morning at Park Square 
Station. 

Many steamship companies carry 
passengers and baggage to other 
seaports. 

Many summer excursion steamers 
leave at £ill hours of the day, during 
the season, for the various beach 
resorts. 

Street cars pass through all im- 
portant streets. 

Baggage transfer and delivery 
is safely in the hands of the Ann- 
strong Trzmsfer Company. A uni- 
formed agent of this company is on 
aU the prmcipal inward bound trains 
and at the wharves of incoming 
steamboats. The same company 



operates coupes, carriages etc. for 
the conveyance of passengers between 
stations or for tours. The delivery 
of a trunk costs 25 cents, a carriage 
for one person 50 cents; the driver 
is- not allowed to carry a trunk 
beyond the entrance hall of the 
residence. We expressly warn giving 
up checks for trunk-s to any but a 
uniformed train solicitor or a regular 
office agent. 

Hacks and Cabs are cheap iti 
Boston; the charge is 25 cents for 
each passenger within specified limits. 
No charge is made for one trunk, 
but each additional trunk costs 
25 cents. By the hour the price is 
$ 1. — ; the time must be reckoned 
going and coming, whether the cab 
returns empty or otherwise. 

FERRIES. 

Following is a list of the ferries 
plying between Boston and the 
surrounding shores: 

Chelsea Ferry foot of Hanover 
Street to Chelsea foot of Winnisimmet 
Street. 

North Ferry foot of Battery Street 
to East Boston or 

South Ferry foot of Eastern 
Avenue to East Boston. 

Boston & Revere Beach Railroad 
Ferry, 350 Atlantic Avenue. 

HOTELS. 

Boston possesses like aU large 
American cities, yery good hotel 
accommodations, one of the most 



177 



9* 



recommendable for good service, 
central location and fine appoint- 
ments is the Copley Square Hotel. 
It is situated near Trinity Chm-ch, 
the Art Museum, the New Public 
Library, and in close proximity to 
the principal theatres and the shop- 
ping center, cor. Huntington Ave. 
and Exeter St. 

RESTAURANTS. 

There are several hundred restau- 
rants of all classes in the business 
section of Boston. Among the best 
are those of the leading hotels. 
Others specially to be mentioned are: 
Marsion's Restaurant on Brattle 
Street for ladies and gentlemen, the 
largest restaurant in the city. Fetter's 
restaurants, of which half a dozen 
are in the different sections of the 
city can be well recommended. 

A very good German Restaurant 
is the one at 37 Elliot Street, owned 
by Jacob Wirth & Co. There are 
to be found imported Rhine Wines, 
French Clarets and the best imported 
beers. 

Mc Donald's, 132 Tremont Street 
and 16 Winter Street, is populjir 
with ladies. 

Weber's 25 Temple Place. 

Dooling's 157 Tremont Street. 

Frost & Dearborn's 8 and 10 Pearl 
Street are of the same character. 

The Winter-Place Hotel on 
Winter-Place is one of the finest 
Cafes in the city. 

Hill's Restatirant, at the comer of 
Washington and Boylston streets is 
the rendezvous of lovers of sports. 
Vercelli's 61 La Grange Street is 
the leading Italian Restaurant and 
patronized by fashionable Boston. 

HISTORY OF BOSTON. 

Boston is situated on a peninsula. 
The settlement made in 1630 by 
John Winthrop was first called 
Shawmut, afterwards Trimountain. 
To day the area of Boston is over 
23,500 acres and the population over 
half a million. Early in the history 
of the city the people spoke of the 



different sections of the town as the 
"North End", the "West End", the 
"South End". This "South End" is 
to day the „Central District'. The 
other names are still in use. 

The North End is now the quarter 
of the poorer classes, it includes 
Hanover Street, which is known as 
the Bowery of Boston. The street 
starts from ScoUay Square and rims 
to Aspinwall's wharf. At the east 
of Hanover Street is the Italian 
quarter "little Italy", to the west, 
where the Hebrews predominate: 
"New Jerusalem". 

The Central District is the bus- 
iness quarter; here are the public 
buildings, offices, hotels, theatres, 
newspapers, banks, railway depots etc. 

The West End. is the fashionable 
part of Boston; it includes the Public 
and Common Garden, Beacon Hill 
and the Back Bay. The finest street 
in this quarter is " Coinmonwealtk 
Avenue" , it is known as one of the 
most beautiful streets in the Country. 

The South End is a residence 
district. There are some lively 
"retail trade" streets, the most 
important of which is Washington 
Street. 

These four quarters constitute 
Boston proper. They are surrounded 
by the "Annexed Districts". 

East Boston reached by street 
cars from Bartlett Street through 
Washington, Congress, State, Devon- 
shire, Hanover and Battery to the 
ferry. It is a manufacturing center 
and filled with piers, dry docks, 
warehouses, mills, smoking establish- 
ments and coal wharves. East Boston 
contains also several parks: 

Wood Island covers about eighty 
acres, (fine view of the harbor). 

Belm,ont Square situated, where 
the forts of 1776 and 1814 were 
located. 

East Boston is connected with the 
mainland by bridges at Chelsea and 
Winthrop. 

South Boston is reached by the 
red car marked South Boston and 
"City Point". It may be taken at 
Union Station. Another car runs 
from Park Square and Charles Street 
South Boston is also an industrial 
center. Here are great cordage works, 
sugar refineries , breweries , iron 



178 



works etc. Its pleasant places are 
on the hills near city Point; the 
foremost park is "Marine Park" with 
its beautiful promenades along the 
shore, the great pier, the statue of 
Farragut and its yachting stations. 

Thomas Park, on Telegraph HUl. 
occupies the site of the "Dorchester 
Heights", on the west of which 
Wasliington planted the batteries 
which drove the British out of Boston 
in 1776. The spot is marked by 
a granite tablet. In Thomas Park is 
the famous Perkins Asylum for the 
Blind. In old Harbor Street is Carney 
Hospital. 

Roxbury District can be reached by 
two ways. Street cars pass Rowe's 
wharf along Atlantic Avenue Summer, 
Washington, Eliot, Tremont streets 
to and through Roxbury. The other 
route is from East Boston Ferry via 
Hanover Street to ScoUay Square and 
via Tremont St. to Roxbury Crossing. 
It is a nice residence quarter. In 
Eliot Square, into which Dudley, 
Roxbury and Highland Streets con- 
verge, stands the meeting-house of 
the "First Religious Society of Rox- 
bury". The old Universalist Church 
stands near by. On the hill between 
Beech Glen and Fort Avenues,_ stands 
the Cochituate standpipe with fine 
view from the top. On the comer 
of Washington and Eustis Streets 
is the old graveyard, in which John 
Elliot is buried. In Dimock Street is 
the New England Hospital for 
Women. 

To Dorchester District. The blue 
cars marked "Meeting House Hill", 
"Dorchester" start from Franklin 
Street. The other road via Grove 
Hall by the green car marked 
"Dorchester". It is a pleasant place 
for residences, owing to its pictu- 
resque hills fine water and land view. 

The Charlestown District!?, reach- 
ed via Bunker Hill or via Scollay 
Square. In this district, on Breed's 
Hill, is "Bunker Hill Monument". 
From the observatoiy on the top a 
fine view may be obtained. In the 
building at the base of the monu- 
ment are memorials of the battle 
and a statue of General Warren. 
The bronze statue of Colonel Pres- 
cott occupies the spot where he is 



supposed to have stood at the 
beginning of the battle. 

The Navy Yard at "Moulton's 
Point" contains extensive parks, a 
parade ground, store houses, marine 
barracks, arsenal, a hammered granite 
dry dock, a museum, a library etc. 
The yard is open daily. Passes can 
be obtained at the main gate, at the 
junction of Wapping and Water 
Streets. 

The West Roxbury District is the 
largest and most beautiful of the 
annexed sections of the city. Here 
are the great public parks. Jamaica- 
way, the Arnold Arboretum, Franklin 
Park, the Bussey Institute and Forest 
Hills Cemetery. 

The Brighton District conteiins 
the Chestnut Hill Reservoir ; a 
beautiful driveway surrounds this 
work, which covers 200 acres. When 
filled the basins hold 800,000,000 
gallons. 

GREATER BOSTON. 

Lying within a radius of ten miles 
of the City Hall, Boston, are thirty 
municipalities whose interests are so 
closely identified with those of the 
city proper, and so continuous is the 
population of these sections that it 
is difficult to draw a boundary line 
and say where one leaves off or 
another begins. ' Within this met- 
ropolitan district are the eleven 
cities of Cambridge, Lynn, Somer- 
ville , Chelsea , Maiden , Newton, 
Waltham, Quincy, Everett, Medford, 
and Woburn, and in these cities and 
the adjoining towns are the homes 
of thousands of people whose business 
interests are in Boston, and who 
daily come to their work in the city. 

To all these places combined is 
given the name of "Greater Boston". 
Each of the different cities has its 
interesting Features; several are 
tamous m special manufacturing 
industries : Chelsea for rubber goods, 
Lynn for shoes, Waltham for watches 
and Woburn for tanneries. All have 
also fine residence quarters and are 
connected with Boston proper by 
boulevards. 

Brookline, south of the Back Bay 
district is famous for its drives and 
walks. 



179 



Cambridge known all over the 
world as the seat of the great univer- 
sity. Noteworthy are the printing 
ofhces, which, it is said, are the largest 
in America. City Hall on Main 
Street and the Library on Broadway 
and Irving Street are conspicuous 
pieces of architecture. 

Historic is the ''Old Elm", corner 
of Mason and Garden Streets, under 
which Washington stood, when he 
took command of the Continental 
army in 1775. The tree is still there. 

Newton: is the principal fresh 
water boating place. 

Somerville with Prospect Hill 
and Winter Hill with the "old 
powder tower" constructed in 1775. 

Medford is the seat of Tuft's 
College. 

Lynn is the largest shoe manu- 
facturing town in the United States 
and has a great electric industry. 

Salem interesting for its historical 
assoriations. In the western part is 
"Gallows hill", where the execution 
of witches took place. The house 
where Hawthorne wrote "The Scarlet 
Letter" is stUl standing. 

Another interesting building is the 
Ingersoll house dating from 1662. 
It is called "the house of the Seven 
Gables". 

In Salem is a State Normal School, 
the Essex Institute and the East 
India Marine Hall with a fine ethnol- 
ogical museum. 

Concord, nineteen miles from 
Boston is a picturesque old town. 
It is reached by the Boston and 
Maine Railway or by the Fitchburg 
Railway. In Concord the "Old 
Manse" the Concord Monimient and 
the Davis Museum of relics in the 
old Court House, are worth seeing. 



The cemeteries, which have more 
than a local interest are those at 
Mount Atibiirn and Forest Hills. 

Mount Aubuj^n Cemetery is the 
most widely-known cemetery in the 
country. It is situated partly in 
Cambi-idge, partly in Watertown and 
can be reached by street cars. It is 
filled with memorials to eminent 
people in all branches of life. 



Forest Hills Ccmdery is near the 
Forest Hills Station of the New York, 
New Haven & Hartford Railway. 
Electric cars run also to this beautiful 
burying ground. The gateway is 
remarkable. The cemetery contains 
many interesting memorials. 



PARKS AND SQUARES. 



Boston is surrounded 

most prominent of which 



parks ; 



'7 
the most prominent of 

is the Common. The level 
ground east of Charles Street has 
been used from the very earliest 
times as a Parade-ground. The 
present area of the Common is 
about fifty acres, bounded by 
Boylston, Charles, Beacon, Park and 
Tremont Streets. Near the Park 
Street mail is the "Brewer Fountain". 
The "Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument 
occupies the hill by the "Frog Pond". 
The four bronze statues on the 
projecting pedestals represent Peace, 
the Sailor, History, and the Soldier. 
The four bronze reliefs between the 
pedestals represent: The return 
from the War, The Sanitary 
Commission, The Departure for 
the War and The Departure 
of the Sailor from. Home. A 
Roman-doric column of white granite 
rises from the pedestal between the 
statues. The four figures at its base 
represent the North, the East, the 
South and the West. On top of the 
shaft stands the "Genius of America". 
Near the Tremont Street mall 
stands the monimient commemorating 
the "Boston Massacre of 1770". On 
the Boylston Street side of the 
Common is the old Central Burying 
Ground. 

The Public Garden of about 
25 acres forms a continuation of the 
Common. In the center is an artifi- 
cial pond. It contains near Arlington 
Street an equestrian statue of 
Washington, by Thomas Ball. Neai" 
the statue is a fountain, whose basin 
is adorned by a marble : " Venus 
rising from the Sea". On the same 
side of the Public Garden is the 
monument commemorating " The 
discovery of ether''. 

The statue of Edward Everett, by 
W. W. Story, is on the Beacon Street 
side of the garden. 



180 



On the Boylston Street side stands 
the bronsQ statue of Charles Sum-mer. 
Near this is the statue of Thomas 
Cass, the colonel of the d^^ Massa- 
chusetts Volunteers. 

The new Public Park System 
comprises about 15000 acres. 

We commence with th? grounds 
between Copps Hill Burying Ground 
and the sheet of water, the confluence 
of the Charles and Mystic rivers. 
This is the newest of Boston's parks.- 
At South Boston Point is Marine 
Park including historic Castle Island, 
with which it is connected by a 
bridge. 

The next park is "Franklin Park" 
of about 600 acres. Among its 
features are: Ellicott House at the 
entrance to Ellicott dale, the Dairy, 
Sheepfold and on the other side, the 
"Wilderness", the great "Playstead", 
the "Greeting" and the "Deer Park". 

Carriages stand near the theatre 
at Blue Hill entrance. A seven- 
mile drive, taking in aU the points 
of interest in the park, costs 25 cents. 

The Arnold Arboretum is the 
largest tree museimi in the world 
and should not be missed by any 
traveler. 

famaica Park encircles Jamaica 
Pond and comprises 120 acres. The 
pond covers 70 acres. 

Leverett Park, between Tremont 
and Perkins Streets is partly in 
Boston, partly in Brookline. 

The Fens about 115 acres, are 
artistically laid out. They contain the 
statue of Leif Ericsson, the Norse 
discoverer of America. An ideal 
statue by Miss Whitney. 

Along the river front on Charles 
Street is Charlesbank, it lies between 
Cragie's and West Boston bridges. 



THEATRES. 

Bijou Theater, 543 Washington Street 

(light attractions). 
Boston Museum, 28 Tremont Street 

(new plays and English comedies). 
Boston Theater, 539 Washington 

Street. 
Bowdoin Square Theater in Bowdoin 

Square. 
Castle Square Theater, 421 Tremont 

Street. 



Columbia Theater on Washington 

Street. 
Dudley Street Opera House, 118 

Dudley Street (light operas). 
Grand Museum, corner Washington 

and Dover Streets. (Variety, 

continuous performance). 
Grand Opera House, 1176Washington 

Street. (Stock Company). 
Hollis Street Theater, 10 HoUis 

Street. 
Howard Athenaeum, 34 Howard 

Street. (Variety). 
Huntington Hall in Rogers Building 

(lectures). 
Horticultural Hall on Tremont Street 

(lectures, balls). 
Hub Amusement Company, 189 

Hanover Street (variety, continuous 

perfonnance, museum). 
Keith's New Theater, 547 Washington 

Street (variety, continuous per- 
formance). 
Lyceum Theater, 665 Washington 

Street (variety, continuous per- 
formance). 
Music Hall, Winter Street (concerts), 

with the great organ; one of the 

finest music halls in the world, 
' Symphony Concerts. 
Mechanics Hall in the Massachusetts 

Charitable Mechanic Association's 

building corner West Newton Street 

and Hungtington Avenue. (Seating 

Capacity 8000. — Grand Opera, 

large entertainments.) 
Park Theater, 176 Washington Street 

(high class combination house). 
Tremont Theater, 117 Tremont Street 

(high class combination house). 
The Turnhalle, 29 Middlesex Street^ 

headquarters of the Turners. 
Tremont Temple, 82 Tremont Street 

(concerts, lectuies). 



MUSEUMS. . 

Boston Athenaeum, 10 Beacon Street 
(paintings and statues fine library). 

Boston Museum, 28 Tremont Street 
(paintings, statuary, coins), ad- 
mission 35 cents. 

Barnum Museum, Tuft's College, 
College Hill, Medford (natural 
history collection). 

Bunker Hill Museum (collection of 
colonial and revolutionary relics). 

Botanical Garden, Cambridge. 



181 



Boston Natural History Museum, 
comer of Boylston and Berkeley 
Streets free for several hours on 
Wednesday and Saturday. On other 
days open from 10 to 5 o'clock, 
admission fee 25 Cents. 

Faneuil Hall Collection of Historical 
Paintings, Merchants, Row and 
Faneuil Hall Square, historical 
paintings and portraits; open every 
day (except Sunday) from 9 to 
8 o'clock. 

Historic Genealogical Collection, 
18 Somerset Street. Interesting 
collection of old prints, books and 
engravings. Open every week day 
from 9 to 5. 

Kiino Grotto Museum and Gardens, 
Wellesley, a most unique pleasure 
ground with a collection of rare 
plants, zoological collection, aqua- 
rium, underground ferneries, grot- 
toes etc. 

Massachusetts Historical Museum, 
30 Tremont Street, open from 9 
to 5. Admission free. 

Museum of Comparative Zoology, 
Oxford Street, Cambridge. The 
museum belongs to Harvard 
University. Open from 9 to 5. 
Aii mission free. The finest in- 
stitution of the kind in America. 

Old South Museum, corner of Wash- 
ington and Milk Streets, collection 
of historical relics. Admission 
25 cents. 

Old State House Collection, corner 
Washington and State Streets. 
Paintings, portraits, antiquities etc. 
open from 9.3*' to 5.3o. Admission 
free. 

Peabody Museum of American 
Archaeology and Ethnology, Cam- 
bridge. Admission free. Open 
from 9 to 5. 

Warren Museum of Natural History, 
82 Chestnut Street, private museum 
formed from collections made by 
Dr. J. C. Warren. Admission free. 

State House Collection, Beacon 
Street, near Park Street, collection 
of historical relics. Admission free. 

LIBRARIES. 

The Boston Public Library on Dart- 
mouth and Boylston Streets, facing 
Copley Square, is one of the largest 
libraries in the world; it contains 



about TOO.OOObooks and has several 
special collections. The Building 
is worthy of its purpose and the 
decorations worth examining. 

Boston Athenaeum contains a valu- 
able library. 

Boston Medical Librstry Association, 
19 Boylston Place. 

Congregational Library, corner of 
Somerset and Beacon Streets. 

General Theological Library, 6 Mount 
Vernon Street. 

Library of the Massachusetts Histor- 
ical Society, 30 Tremont Street. 

Library of the New England Histor- 
ical — Genealogiccd Society , 18 
Somerset Street, 

Natural History Museum Librciry, 
corner Boylston and Berkeley 
Streets. 

State Library of Massachusetts in 
the State House. 

Social Law Library, in the Court 
House, Court Square. 

MUSICAL SOCIETIES. 

Boston is famous for good music, 
and the musical art is furthered by 
numerous musical societies. The 
most prominent ones are: 

The Apollo Club, sixty to eighty 
active members. The membership 
includes the best vocalists of Boston. 
No public concerts are given. The 
associate members, the number of 
which is limited to 500, receive 
tickets to all the concerts given by 
the club for an annual assessment. 
Its concerts are given in Music Hall. 

The Boylston Club : It gives canta- 
tas, masses and psalms. Admission 
to its concerts in Music Hall is by 
tickets, obtainable only from members 
of the Club. 

The Boston Symphony Orchestra 
is a permanent organization and one 
of the best Orchestras in the world. 
It gives weekly concerts during the 
season in Music Hall. 

The Cecilia Society has a chorus 
of mixed voices of 125. Admission 
to the concerts is secured by member- 
ship — there are 250 associate 
members, who bear the expenses of 
the association — or by invitation. 

The Orpheus Mtisical Society is 
the leading German musical society. 



182 



It gives several concerts during the 
season. 

The Harvard Musical Association 
has a valuable musical library, open 
to its members. 

The Handel and Hayden Society 
gives principally oratorios in Music 
Hall. 

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 

Boston, as the "blue stocking" city 
of the United States is as may be 
expected, well supplied with schools. 
Statistics comprise over 600 general 
and special schools. 

Interesting for visitors are the 
followings : 

The Boys' Latin and English 
High School. It occupies the block 
bounded by Warren Avenue, Claren- 
don, Montgomery and Dartmouth 
Streets. It is one of the model 
schools of the United States. 

The Girl's Latin and High School 
is on the corner of West Newton 
and Pembroke Streets. 

The Boston Normal School is in 
the Rice School Building on Dart- 
mouth Street and is a fitting school 
for lady teachers. 

The Horace Mann School for 
Deaf Mutes in Newbury Street. 

The Boston University has its 
head quarters in Jacob Sleeper Hall, 
on Somerset Street. It embraces 
three colleges, three professional 
schools, and a post-graduate depart- 
ment of universal science. 

Boston College, on Harrison Avenue 
is conducted by the Fathers of the 
Society of Jesus. 

Chauney Hall School, Boylston 
Street, is the oldest private school 
in Boston. 

Harvard University, Cambridge, 
founded in 1636. In 1638 the 
institution, a college, then received a 
bequest of $ 780.— and a library of 
260 books, from the Rev. John 
Harvard. In memory of the benefactor 
the college was called "Harvard". 
To day Harvard is one of the richest 
colleges of America. It possesses 
property worth $ 12,000,000. In 
Cambridge are the college,the graduate 
school, the Divinity school, the 
Lawrence Scientific School, and the 
Law school. In Boston proper the 

183 



Dental School, the Medical School, 
and the School of Veterinary Med- 
icine. In Jamaica Plain the Bussey 
Institution and the Arnold Arboretum. 
The scientific departments include 
the astronomical observatoiy, lab- 
oratories of chemistry,physics, natural 
history, psychology, mineialogy; 
museums of comparative zoology, 
botany, geology, mineralogy, and 
archaeology, botanic gardens and 
herbaria. 

The College Yard contains : Massa- 
chussets Hall, Harvard Hall, Univer- 
sity Hall, Gore HaU containing the 
University library; the Boylston 
Chemical Laboratory, Sever HaU, 
Holden Chapel, Appleton Chapel, 
Mathews Hall, Grays Hall, Weld 
HaU, etc. Architecturally the most 
imposing is Memorial HalJ, dedicated 
to the Ha!rvard men, who died in 
the CivU War. 

In addition to the various society 
libraries, the university has 29 minor 
libraries, containing about 100,000 
volumes. 

The Annex, a university course 
for young ladies, is on the corner of 
Garden and Mason Streets. The 
main building, known as the Fay 
Hotise is the institution for the 
Collegiate instruction of Women. 

The Massachtisetts Institute of 
Technology on Boylston street with 
the School of Industrial Science. 
The mainbuilding of the Institute of 
Technology is the "Rogers BuUding." 
Next stands the Walker Building. 
Other buildings are th.QArchttectural 
Building, the Engineering, Building, 
the Workshop and the Gymnasium 
and Drill Hall. 

The Massachtisetts College of 
Pharmacy, corner Garrison and St. 
Botolph Streets. 

The New England Conservatory 
of Music on Newton Street. It 
embraces five separate schools and 
a college of music for advanced 
students, which is connected with 
Boston University. 

The Perkins Institution and 
Massachtissetts School for the Blind 
is on East Broadway, South Boston. 

Churches. Places of worship for 
every religion are in aU quarters 
of the city. 



HOW TO SEE THE CITY. 

We start at the corner of Wash- 
ington and Bedford Streets. On the 
right side of Washington Street, 
walking to the north we pass solne of 
the largest retail stores. On the 
opposite side, between Temple Place 
and Winter Street, is the famous 
music publishing house of Oliver 
Ditson 8c Co. On the southeast 
corner of Milk and Washington 
Streets is the oldest evening news 
paper in Boston "the Boston Tran- 
script. On the opposite corner of 
Milk street is "the Old South 
Meeting Hotise" . (Entrance fee 
25 cents). On the opposite side_ of 
Washington Street is an other evening 
newspaper "the Boston Traveller"" . 
We turn down Milk Street. No. _ 17 
is the site of Benjamin Franklin' s 
birthplace. We pass many buildings 
occupied by banks, railroads etc., 
the most notable of them is the 
International Trust Company. At 
the corner of Devonshire and Milk 
is the fine building of the Equitable 
Life Assurance Society. At the 
corner of Milk and Congress Streets 
is the New England Mutual Life 
Insurance and adjoining this, the 
Mutual Li/e Insurance Com-pany 
of New York. 

Crossing Post Office Square we 
view the Government Building w\\h. 
tine heroic sculptured groups. 

Turning east on Water Street we 
pass through Liberty Square with 
the Mason Building, to Broad 
Street. At Central Street we turn 
to the right and come to the Custom 
House. Near the Custom House, on 
India Street, is the Chamber of 
Commerci: Btiilding. 

We pass to the rear of the Custom 
House along Commercial Street to 
the Qtcincy Market. Going through 
the market, we leave by the west 
portal and are opposite Faneziil Hall. 
Then we pass through Dock Square 
to Adams Square with the Statue of 
Samuel Adams. Turning up Wash- 
ington Street, we pass the lofty 
Ames Btiilding on the corner of 
Court street, on the opposite corner 
is the Sears Building. In the rear 
of this building, in Court Street, is 
Young's Hotel and on our left, at 



the head of State Street, is the Old 
State House. We walk down State 
street, which is the financial Center 
of the City. The most notable 
building in State Street is the Stock 
Exchange, a mammoth twelve story 
building. In the block beyond is 
the Fiske Building and other office 
palaces. We go back through State 
Street to Washington; turning to the 
left, we are in News Paper Row; 
this is the part of Washington Street 
between State and School Streets. 
Here is the "Globe"", the Daily 
Advertiser, The Boston Journal, 
the Herald and the Post. A little 
further down Washington Strefet is 
School Street, running between 
Washington and Tremont Streets. 
In School street is the "Niles Block"", 
opposite School Street Block. 
A few steps bring us to the City Hall. 
At the left, in the yard, is a bronze 
statue of Benjamin Franklin. On the 
right, the statue of Josiah Quincy. 
King's Chapel is next to the City 
Hall, and across the street the 
Parker House. We now turn 
into Tremont Street. On the 
corner of Tremont and Beacon 
Streets is the department store 
of Houghton & Button. On the 
right side we pass Kings Chapel, 
the Boston Museum and at the 
corner of Court Street, the Hemen- 
way Building. We have reached 
"Scollay Square", the terminal point 
of many streets car lines. The main 
feature of the place is the bronse 
statue of Governor John Winthrop. 
Crossing Scollay Square to the 
entrance to Pemberton Square we 
see the County Court House, con- 
taining some fine emblematic statues. 
Around Pemberton Square to the 
left, we enter Somerset Street and 
turning again to the left we arrive 
at Jacob Sleeper Hall. At the 
corner of Beacon and Somerset 
Streets is the Congregational House. 
On the east side of Beacon Steet, 
walking south, is the Boston Athen- 
aeum, o-^^osiie. to it the Hotel Bellevue 
and Unitarian House. Corner Beacon 
and Park Streets is the Raymond 
Building. On the highest point of 
Beacon Hill stands the State House. 
In the yard are the statues of 
Webster and Horace Mann. 



184 



At the corner of Beacon and Joy- 
is the Hotel Tudor. In its rear, 
No. 1 Joy Street, the Diocesan 
House. 

After crossing Beacon Street, the 
Ccmmon is entered by the Joy 
Street gate. We leave the Common 
by the Charles Street gate and cross 
to the Ptiblic Garden. We walk 
across the bridge to the Arlington 
Street gate and crossing Arl- 
ington Street, we enter Common 
■ wealth Avenue, with palatial homes 
on either side. We follow the shady 
central path. We pass the granite 
Sl/"Aue of Alexander Hamiltott. 
Beyond Berkley street is the Statue 
df Gen. John Glover. Crossing 
Clarendon Street the First Baptist 
Church lies on the left. On the 
corner of Dartmouth Street is the 
Vendome. In Front of the Vendome 
is a statue of William Lloyd 
Garrison. Turning back to the 
corner of Dartmouth Street we reach 
Copley Square, the center of the 
educational, literary and artistic life 
in Boston. At our right, corner 
Boylston and Dartmouth, is the new 
Old South Chtirch. Facing the 
square is the new Public library. 
On the south side is the Museum of 
FineArts; at the east side stands Triitity 
church. On the North side of the 
square are Chancy Hall School and 
the Second Unitarian Church. From 
this point one may take an electric 
car to Harvard College. Returning 
by the Scollay Square car. At 
ScoUay Square we board an other 
car, which takes us to Charlestown. 
Returning by the same route, we 
find ourselves at the same point, 
where we started from. 

THE SEASIDE RESORTS. 



The Harbor: One of the loveliest 
entertainments Boston can offer to 
visitors is a sail on her bay. Doctor 
Schurtleff describes the islands in 
the bay, in the following amusing 
way: „Noddle's Island, or East 
Boston, as it is now called, very- 
much resembles a great polar bear, 
with its head north and its feet east. 
Governor's Island has much the form 
of a ham, and Castle Island looks 
like a shoulder of pork, both with J a fine drive-way. 

185 



their shanks at the south. Apple 
Island was, probably, so named on 
account of its shape; and Snake 
Island may be likened to a kidney; 
Deer Island is very like a whale, 
facing Point Shirley; Thompson's 
Island, like a pair of spectacles; 
Long Island, like a high-top military 
boot; Rainsford's Island, like a mink; 
Moon Island, like a leg of venison; 
Gallop's (not Galloupe's), like a leg 
of mutton; Lovell's, like a dried salt 
fish; George's, like a fortress, as it 
is; Peddock's, like a young sea 
monster; and Half Moon, like the 
new or the old moon, as you view 
it from the south or the north. The 
other small islands resemble pump- 
kins, grapes, and nuts, as much as 
anything; hence the names of them." 

The fort, in actual use, guarding 
the entrance to the harbor, is Fo^t 
Warren, on George's Island. . 

Within an hours ride or sail from 
the Center of the City are many 
Seaside Resorts, divided as to their 
location as bolonging to The North 
Shore and The South Shore. 

Prominent places on the South 
Shore, which is lined all along with 
boarding houses, cottages and hotels 
are: 

Downer Landing overlooking the 
southern side of the harbor. It is 
reached by steamboats, which run 
frequently from Rowe's Wharf to 
Hull, Nantasket, Downer Landing 
and Hingham. The attraction at 
Downer Landing is the Melville 
Garden boating, fishing, dancing, 
bathing and other out of door sports. 
It is a favorite resort for picnic 
parties and possesses an immense 
clambake pavilion. Hotel. — Rose 
Standish House $ 3. — 

As already mentioned, the steamer 
after leaving Downer Landing touches 
at Hingham; fine view of harbor 
and sea. It possesses the Old Ship, 
a church built in 1681 and still 
in use. Hotel Gushing House % 2. — 
Hull stands at the end of the pen- 
insula. On the hill is the observatovy 
of the Chamber of Commerce for 
incoming vessels. Hotel Pemberton 
$ 4 — . Nantasket Beach is to Boston 
what Coney Island is to New York. 
Here is ihefsLmons" Jerusalem Jioad" 



By the New York, New Haven and 
HartfordRailwartbe following points 
on the South Snore can be reached. 
Cohasset, twenty miles from Boston 
with Minot's Light. ScituateiMarsh- 
field the home of Daniel Webster; 
Duxbury, near "Captain's Hill"; 
Plymouth with fine hunting grounds 
and the National Monument to the 
Pilgrims, Pilgrim Hall, the Court 
House and the old graveyard, Burial 
Hill from whence all the harbor 
points in connection with Pilgrim- 
history and the town are in full view. 

Ihe North Shore extends from 
Boston to Cape Ann. 

The Boston Revere Beach and 
Lynn Railway conveys us to Win- 
throp; Revere Beach; Nahant, with 
the well known Pulpit Rock; Bass- 
Point; Lynn, which is the greatest 



shoemaking place in the United 
States and a city of 50,000 inhab- 
itants; Swampscott; Marblehead, an 
historiccdly interesting, very old to^Ti; 
Marblehead Neck, which lies just 
across the harbor, is a fine harbor; 
the headquarters of several Yacht 
Clubs are there; Salem- Willows; 
Beverly, another important shoe- 
manufacturing town. Beyond Beverly 
are; Srid^s Crossing, Beverly, 
Farms, West Manchester, Man- 
chester, Magnolia; then Gloucester, 
reached from Boston by the Boston 
and Maine Railway; and Eastern 
Point. 

All these places have comfortable 
hotels, delightful summer resorts, 
cottages and boarding houses and 
are easily reached by boat or railway 
from the City. 



Agent of the North German Lloyd : 
C Theo Guething, 83 & 85 State Str., Boston, Mass. 



ite 



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176 Tremont Street 

Under Tremont Theatre 



LADIES: 

Week Days, 9 A. M. To 1 P. M. 
Sundays, 1,30 To 6,30 P. M. 

GENTLEMEN: 

Week Days, 1 P. M. To 8 A. M. 
Sundays Until 1 P. M. and 

All Night. 



Telephone; 



BOSTON 2931. 



114 



Boston. 



/Vdolph Lundin, 

Proprietor. 



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f oplc^ iquarc Jotel 

Huntington Avenue & Exeter Str. BOSTON, Massachusetts. 

A NEW HOTEL OF THE HIGHEST CLASS.' 

Conveniently located near Trinity Church, Art Museum, New Public 
Library &c., in close proximity to shopping centres and Principal Theatres. 
Conducted On American and European Systems 



9P 



/. S. Jiisleea ^ Co. 



JACOB WiRTH & Co... 

IVos 33 and 37^ Eliot Street 

BOSTON, Mass. 

Rhine Wine Importers 

French Clarets 

German Restaurant 
115 and Wine Stube. 

=^= IMPORTED GERMAN BEERS. == 



186 d 



M I G H I G A E 



At the "Loo", the Jesuit fathers, 
Jacques and Raymbault, established 
an Indian mission as early as 1641. 
In 1688, Father Marquette, the well 
known priest, founded the mission 
of St. Ignace, which, a few years 
later, became a French military post. 
Cadillac with his soldiers, in 1701, 
founded Fort Pontchartrain, on the 
site of which, the famous "City of 
the Straits", Detroit, sprung up. In 
1760-61, after the conquest of Canada, 
British garrisons occupied Detroit 
and the "Loo". 

Soon afterwards, the great Indian 
chief Pontiac incited the Western 
Countiy against its new masters and 
besieged Detroit for ^ many wSeks. 
In later times, Detroit became the 
capital of the vast north-western 
territories of the British Dominion, 
remaining under British control until 
1796, when general Wayne's troops 
replaced the British garrison. From 
that time till 1800, Michigan was a 
part of the U. S. Territory north- 
west of the Ohio River, then became 
a part of Indiana Territory and was 
for some time united with Wisconsin, 
Minnesota, Iowa and Dakota east of 
the Missouri. In 1836 Michigan was 
again reduced to nearly its present 
area. In 1837 it was admitted as a 
State. It had trouble for some time 
with Ohio, on account of its boundary 
line. The little strip of Northern 
Ohio, including Toledo and Maumee 
Bay, covering 600 sq. miles, was 
held by Michigan with great tenacity, 
the nrilitia of the two states preparing 
to do battle for it on the plains of 
Toledo. A compromise was finally 
effected by the Upper Peninsular 



being ceded to the young common- 
wealth, in exchange for the disputed 
territory. 

The Michigan contingent in the 
great Civil War, was 90,747 men, 
composing 81 regiments of infantry, 
11 of cavalry and 14 battalions. 

In 1860, the population was 
749,113; in 1890, 2,093,889. 

Michigan has more Canadians 
(148,866) and more Hollanders 
(17,177) than any other state. The 
German born population was 135,509, 
35,481 of whom were living at De- 
troit. The Indians of Michigan 
include the Vieux Desert, I'Ause and 
Ontonagon bands of Chippewas, on 
the Upper Peninsular, numbering 
about 6,000, 600 Chippewas, on the 
Isabella Reservation, near Mt. Pleas- 
ant, and thePottowattomies of Huron, 
on the Lower Peninsula. 

Michigan derives its name from 
the Chippewa; "Mitchi lawgyegan", 
meaning "Great Lake". It is pop- 
ularly styled the "Wolverine State", 
on account of the great number of 
these animals once found here. 

ADRIAN, Mich. 

A flourishing town, on the Raisin 
River, in the southern part of 
Michigan, in the midst of a rich 
farming country, whose manufactur- 
ing and trade center it is, with about 
9000 inhabitants. Seat of Adrian 
College, founded in 1859, with twelve 
instructors and six schools, including 
the Divinity School of the Methodist 
Episcopal Church. 

Bay View is a famous summer 
resort and gathering place of Chau- 



187 



tauquans cind university extension 
worliers. Is is situated on the eastern 
shore of Lake Michigan, is easily 
reached by rail and steamer and in 
the summer has a population of 
about 20,000. 

The history of Bay View is com- 
paratively recent, but in these few- 
years its fame has gone far and 
wide. 25 years ago, when the site 
was bought, thirty Indians and their 
chief united in the transfer. All the 
region was a dense wilderness, but 
now a well-built summer city of 
over four himdred cottages rises 
among the terraced groves, with all 
the conveniences and elegance of a 
permanent city. Five lines of steamers 
on the great lakes and two railway 
lines to-day make the place pleasantly 
accessible, and low-priced summer 
tourist tickets, sold everywhere, 
practically bring the place near to 
the populous centers. 

In the assembly hall at Bay View 
there are seldom less than 1,000 per- 
sons present to listen to the evening 
d scourses, and the selection of this 
spot in the immediate vicinity of 
several other places, for summer 
university studies, is a sufficiently 
emphatic assurance of the delightful 
social character of all these com- 
munities. The advantage of becoming 
acquainted with celebrated thinkers 
and teachers of all parts of the 
country, is, of itself, a great induce- 
ment to visit the resorts of Little 
Traverse Bay 

ALPENA, Mich. 

A lumber port at the head of 
Thunder Bay on Lake Huron. The 
place is known for the Alpena Well 
Spring, remarkably rich in sulphur- 
etted hydrogen. Alpena is also the 
nearest raihoad approach to Turtle 
Lake, about 37 miles south-west of 
Alpena. The lake derives its name 
from its singular resemblance to a 
turtle. 

It lies in the midst of and is sur- 
rounded by one of the grand and 
impressive old, almost primeval, 
lower peninsular pine forests. The 
main body of the lake is about two 
miles in length and nearly as wide, 
while the head of the lake (or turtle) 
is a small lake connected with the 



main body or lake by a little stream 
called the "neck", which is really 
the "outlet" of the lake. This "head' , 
or small lake is very deep and no 
bottom has, as yet, been found to it. 

ANN AEiBOR, Mich. 
Best known as the seat of the 
University of Michigan, one of the 
most prominent American educa- 
tional institutions, Ann Arbor, on 
both banks of the Huron River, has 
10,000 inhabitants. The University 
was founded in 1817 and has, at 
present, no less than 170 instructor's 
and over 3000 students of both 
sexes, also a fine library of 105,000 
volumes. The buildings are erected 
in the midst of grounds covering 
44—1/2 acres. The United States 
grant amounts to $ 500,000 ; the State 
appropriated $1,200,000 and the city 
of Ann Arbor has made generous 
gifts. University Hall is 437 ft. 
long and 140 feet deep and is devoted 
to the department of literature, science 
and art. The museum contains 
400,000 specimens and the new 
laboratory, for the study of chem- 
istiy, is exceptionally large. The 
Obsei^vatory is on a hill, about a 
mile from the other buildings. 
Advanced students pursue the Ger- 
man seminary method of instruction. 
There have been many women 
students at the University, since 
their admission in 1870. The Union 
School is a very good Hi^ School, 
with about 1000 pupils. There are 
also several guilds, connected with 
the various churches, at which lecture 
courses are given. Five mineral 
springs. 

BATTLE CREEK, Mich. 
A milling town of 13,197 inhabit- 
ants, at the confluence of the Battle 
Creek and Kalamazoo rivers. Battle 
Creek College is the chief school of 
the Seventh Day Baptists, who like- 
wise have their publishing head- 
quarters here. There is also a very 
famous Sanatorium for water cures 
and diabetic treatment without the 
aid of medicine. 



BAY CITY, Mich. 
The fourth largest city of Michigan, 



188 



i 



with some 30,000 inhabitants, situ- 
ated just above where the Saginaw 
River empties into Saginaw Bay on 
Lake Hm-on. Bay City is the ship- 
ping point for all salt and lumber, 
sent out by Saginaw merchants and, 
consequently, of great importance, 
There is also a large export trade 
carried on in fish. West Bay City 
is its twin, on the west bank of the 
Saginaw River. 

BEAVER ISLAND, Mich. 
In the north-east corner of Lake 
Michigan, the seat of the Mormon 
Colony of St. James, founded in 1846. 

BOIS BLANC ISLAND, Mich. 

The name of an island in the 
north-western corner of Lake Huron. 
The name iS French, meaning "white 
wood" or bass-wood, with which the 
island was heavily wooded prior to 
the Canadian Rebellion or the 
patriot war, of 1837-8. At that time 
the forest was cut down to allow 
the guns of Fort Maiden, at Amherst- 
berg, an unobstructed range over 
Bois Blanc to the islands on the 
American side, as the latter were at 
one time a base of operations in the 
rebel plan of invading Canada. 

The island comprises exactly 207 
acres of good clay land, ofwichtwo 
acres belong to the Canadiem govern- 
ment and used as a light-house site. 
There are also two range lights at 
the head of the island, occupyrag 
fourteen and twenty-four square feet 
respectively, which are also owned 
by the government; over 100 acres 
are cleared and feimed without a 
single stump. It is a favorite resort 
for round trips from Mackinac Island, 
the most popular summer resort in 
northern Michigan. 

CHEBOYGAN, Mich. 
A lumber port, opposite Bois Blanc 
Island, in the north-western corner 
of Lake Huron. Lake Cheboygan, 
a few miles south of the town, with 
romantic environs, connected with 
the port by the Michigan Central 
Railroad. 

COLD WATER, Mich. 
A town, near the boundary line, 
between Indiana and Michigan, known 



as the seat of the State Public 
School for Dependent Children, a 
noble and very useful institution, on 
a farm of 120 acres. The inmates 
are 200 healthy children, from two 
to twelve years of age, who would 
otherwise have to be maintained and 
educated by the State, which also 
finds homes for them. 

DETROIT, Mich. 

The Metropolis of Michigan, situ- 
ated on the north-west side of the 
Detroit River, connecting Lakes 
St. Clair and Erie. It is a very 
flourishing city, and visitors coming 
from afar, allow, that in point of 
beauty, there #re few other cities in 
the United States surpassing it. 
Historically speaking, there is hardly 
another city on the American cont- 
inent, with a history so full of incid- 
ents, strongly marked by romantic 
and tragic interest, as Detroit. It 
was founded in 1701, by Marechal 
Cadillac, who bmlt Fort Pontchart- 
rain and established a trading-post 
here. After passing through innu- 
merable vicissitudes, the embryo city 
finally secured peace and security by 
becoming a part of the United States 
at the beginning of the present 
century. The city, with its 250,000 
inhabitants and the present gigantic 
strides it is taking, m the direction 
of wealth and progress are, in no 
small measure, due to a steady nat- 
ural growth in the past. No other 
city can boast of a water front, equal 
to that of Detroit; deep enough to 
allow vessels of the heaviest draught 
to lay at its wharves. The river is 
also wide enough and deep enough 
to aiford anchorage for the combined 
navies of the world. Detroit has an 
immense maritime traffic, especially 
in grain, wood, pork and copper. 
Detroit is also a manufacturing city 
of great importance. There are 
extensive machine shops, railroad 
car, factories, flour miUs, tobacco 
and cigar factories, drugs and phar- 
maceutical preparations, breweries, 
tanneries, salt, soda and alkali works, 
pork and fish packeries, shoe and 
stove factories and other industrial 
establishments. 

The city extends along the Detroit 
River for seven to eight miles and 



189 



is built up for about four miles from 
the water. It is laid out upon two 
plans; the one, that of a circle with 
avenues radiating from the Grand 
Circus as a center; the other, that 
of streets intersecting each other at 
right angles. The result is a slight 
degree of intricacy in certain local- 
ities, which inconvenience, is more 
than compensated for, by a number 
of little semicircular and triangular 
parks, diversifying and ornamenting 
the place. The streets are very 
wide and for the most part, shaded 
by beautiful trees. 

The most important streets are: 
Jefferson Avenue, parallel with the 
River; Woodward Avsmie, intersect- 
ing the former, dividing the city 
into nearly two equal parts, about 
half a mile from the river, widening 
and forming the large square of 
Campus Martius and Gratist 
Avenue, near the Campus Martius, 
containing the large Public Library 
of 100,000 volumes. 

Among the most interesting feat- 
ures are the following: The City 
Hall, facing the Campus Martius 
and completed in 1871, at a cost of 
600,000, with a large clock in the 
tower and a dial plate, eight feet 
in diameter; the Soldiers' Monutnent, 
in front of the City Hall, desired 
by Randolph Rogers, the new Post 
Office, built at an expense of 
2,000,000, covering the squai'e, 
bounded by Lafayette Avenue, Fort, 
Shelby and Wayne Streets; the First 
Unitarian Church, at the corner of 
Edmund Place ; the Harper Hospital, 
corner of Martin Place; the Chamber 
of Commerce Building, 15 stories 
high; The Museum of Fine Arts, 
on Jefferson Avenue, containing an 
excellent exhibit, including the 
Scripp's Collection of Old Masters 
and the Stearns Collection of Chin- 
ese, Japanese and East Indian 
curiosities; the very handsome Bridge 
to Belle-Isle in the river. 

Be He- Isle is a lovely breathing 
spot, with ample accommodation for 
people in all the walks of life, in 
search of recreation. Every-where 
the eye is greeted with scenes of 
surpassing beauty. Romantic drives 
upon winding roadways under an 
arched canopy of swaying- branches, 



hcarminlgy laid out picnic grounds, 
broad acres of natural forest, spa- 
cious pavilions of unique archi- 
tectm-e, and scores of other equally 
attractive features combine to make 
Belle Isle as near an earthly para- 
dise as is possible to contemplate. 
The island in all covers about 700 
acres and cost the city some years 
ago $200,000. It has undergone a 
complete metamorphosis at the ex- 
penditure of tens of thousands of 
dollars, but millions would not tempt 
the toiling masses to part with it 
now. At the upper end of the island 
is the substantial stone structure 
erected by the Government as a 
lighthouse to mark the channel. 

Other points of interest in the 
vicinity of the city are : 

Woodmeere and Elmwood Ceme- 
teries, reached by electric cars; 
Fort Wayne, the strongest fortress 
in the lake region, three miles below 
the city, standing on the bank of the 
river and commanding the channel, 
easily reached by the Fort St. and 
Elmwood St. car. 

Motmt Clemens, known for its 
mineral springs and sanitary baths, 
lying on a line, almost directly north. 
It is pleasantly situated on the Clinton 
River, a few miles from its mouth 
and can be reached from Detroit by 
either boat or rail. 

Grosse Pointe, the fashionable 
country suburb of Detroit, containing 
many imposing residences of wealthy 
Detroiters, nine miles above the city; 
on Lake St. Clair. 

The Flats, composed of thousands 
of acres of partly submerged land, 
are, for this reason, called the "Venice 
of America." The Flats belong to 
the government and the only title of 
possession known, is that , derived 
from "squatter sovereignty". Not 
very long ago there was not a human 
habitation on these Flats; then 
Detroit began to assume metropolitan 
airs and the many wealthy citizens, 
who wanted a summer resort and 
watering place, at their very doors, 
came up here to the St. Clair River 
and built their pretty residences. 
The majority of the cottages are 
erected upon pHes, di^iven into the 
river bed. There are cilso commodous 
club-houses and hotels. 



190 



Windsor, a small Canadian town 
on the south-east bank of the Detroit 
River, facing the metropolis and 
connected with the latter by steamer, 
running every half hour. 

Wafole Island, lying on the 
Canadian side of the St. Clair River, 
used by the British government as 
an Indian reservation. A visit to this 
romantic island, will repay anyone, 
wishing to make a study of the 
Indians, "in situ". 

Agents of the North German Lloyd : 

Fred G^len^her, 1 & 2 Penninsular 
Bk. Block, Detroit, Mich. 

G. W. Watson, Grand Tnink Office, 
Detroit, Mich. 

Ja'ines Rhines, Union Ticket Office, 
Detroit, Mich. 

Alex A. Saenger, 29 Monroe Ave., 
Detroit, Mich. 

H. R. Ziegler, 1040 Michigan Ave., 
Detroit, Mich. 



GLADSTONE, Mich. 

The picturesque and small ten 
year old town of Gladstone, of 
between two thousand and three 
thousand inhabitants, is located on 
a high promontory which overlooks 
the little Bay de Noc, the sailors' 
paradise, — a large inlet from the 
north or lower end of Lake Michigan 
indenting the Upper Peninsular of 
the Wolverine State. 

Game of all kinds, from the black 
bear down to the squirrel; from the 
snipe and plover, up to ducks and 
wild turkey, are plentiful. For boat- 
ing and bathing, the little Bay de 
Noc furnishes ample facilities. Glad- 
stone may be easily reached by rail 
or boat. Its hotel accommodations 
are satisfactory. 

GRAND HAVEN, Mich. 
One of the lake ports of Michigan 
on the lake of the same name, con- 



nected by steamer with Milwaukee 
Wisconsin. Many visitors choose 
this pleasant place as a summer resort, 
the seasons of late years, having 
been very successful. The lumber- 
ing trade of Grand Haven is im- 
portant and its manufactories are 
flourishing. 

GRAND RAPIDS, Mich. 

150 miles north-west of Detroit, 
the second largest city of Michigan, 
having in 1890, 60,278 inhabitants. 
The city derives its name from the 
falls of the Grand River, which falls 
18 feet to a mile, affording valuable 
water power, with canals on either 
side. There are many large factories, 
producing more than 20,000,000 
worth of goods yearly. Four fifths 
of the carpet-sweepers, made in the 
world, are turned out by one factory 
in Grand Rapids, which works 
employ 300 hands, making 1200 
sweepers daily. This is, by far, the 
foremost corporation of the kind in 
the world, maintaining a department 
of invention, to which are due the 
many patents and devices, constantly 
originated and utilized in this branch 
of trade. Every visitor to Grand 
Rapids is welcome to see this interest- 
ing establishment. There are also 
several remarkable public buildings, 
among which, the United States 
Courts for Western Michigan and 
fifty churches. Near the city are 
large quarries, producing land- 
plaster and stucco. The Butterworth 
Springs, in the vicinity of the city, 
are said to resemble those of Bath, 
England. There is also the Michi- 
gan Soldiers' Home, occupying an 
imposing structure, erected in 1886 
and taking care of 450 veterans of 
the Civil War. 

Agents of the North German Lloyd : 

F. Loettgert, 157 Ottawa St., 
Grand Rapids, Mich. 

A. Stiller, 117 W. Bridge St., 
Grand Rapids, Mich. 

HURONIA BEACH, Mich. 
A summer resort and watering 
place, delightfully situated three 
miles north of Port Huron on Lake 
Huron. It is one of the most beau- 
tiful places, in which to spend the 



191 



summer months, being especially 
patronized by southern people, who 
bringing their families here, rent 
cottages for the season. The cot- 
tages, several hundred in number, 
all face the lake being situated on 
an avenue running parallel with the 
line of the beach. Electric cars run 
between the beach and Port Huron. 
During the season, a steamer runs 
daily between Port Huron and 
Detroit. 

JACKSON, Mich. 
A manufacturing town, on Grand 
River, at a point where the railways 
diverge to Grand Rapids and Lans- 
ing; celebrated for its extensive 
bituminous coal mines. In 1890 the 
city had 27,798 inhabitants. The 
seat of the Michigan State Penitent- 
ary, with 1,000 inmates. 

KALAMAZOO, Mich. 
County seat, on the Kalamazoo 
River, where three railway lines 
diverge to White Pigeon, Grand 
Rapids and South Haven, one of 
the chief cities of Michigan with 
17,853 inhabitants (1890); the seat 
of an important country trade and 
several prominent schools. T'h.&Mich- 
igan Female Seminary is here. 
Kalam-asoo College owns several 
large buildings, on an area of 25 
acres on a hill, with an extensive 
view. The new Ladies' Hall is one 
of the principal features. The city 
is also the foremost locality in the 
world for the cultivation of celery, 
having 2,000 acres devoted to this 
industry. The buildings of the State 
Asylum, for the Insane are spacious 
and imposing. 

LAKE GOGEBIC, Mich. 
One of the most celebrated fishing 
resorts, on the summit of the great 
water shed, between the Mississippi 
and Lake Superior; 15 miles long 
and two to three miles wide. It is 
1400 feet above the ocean and 800 
feet above Lake Superior, from 
which, it is only seven miles -distant. 
The lake is suiTounded by a dense 
and luxurious growth of timber, 
indigenous to this high northern 
latitude. This region is not only of 
interest to anglers, but to hunters 



as well. Deer are plentiful in the 
great forest, bears 2ire frequently 
met with and grouse abotmd. 

LAKE HURON, Mich. 
A vast expanse of water, between 
the 43rd and 46th degree of north 
latitude, 270 by 160 miles in area; 
covers 20,000 square miles, 581 feet 
above the level of the sea and con- 
tains some 3,000 islands. It varies 
in depth, from 200 to 1,750 feet, its 
average depth being 300 feet. Fierce 
gales often sweep across the wide 
expanse between Saginaw and Ge- 
orgian Bays; voyagers are out of 
sight of land during part of their 
transit. Saginaw Bay, on the north- 
east side of the lake, Hes entirely 
within the Dominion of Canada; 
Georgian Bay, on the south-west, 
being within the limits of Michigan. 

LANSING, Mich. 
The Capital of Michigan since 
1847, situated on both sides of 
Grand River. A manufacturing city 
of only 13,000 inhabitants, but ren- 
dered important by reason of its 
large state institutions. The State 
School for the Blind has 100 inmates, 
who are taught broom niaking and 
piano tuning. The Michigan State 
Agricultural College, with 27 
instructors and 320 students; the 
mechanic arts, besides military drill 
and horticultural and veterinary 
science are taught here. 

MACKINAC ISLAND, Mich. 
At the head of Lake Huron, much 
frequented by travelers, on account 
of its historical interest and peculi- 
arly bracing air. Mackinac m the 
summer season is the social eyrie 
of the north. Wealth, elegance, 
culture and grace have here their 
rendezvous and it only needs to 
become better known, to become a 
Mecca, where the magnificent and 
generous accommodations which now 
exist, will be insufficient for the 
multitude that will visit it. 

MANISTEE, Mich. 
One of the chief ports of Michigan, 
on the large inland sea, taking its 
name from the state, situated at the 



192 



point, where the Manistee River 
empties into the Lake. From here, 
good railway connections with all 
parts of the State. 

MANISTIQXJE, Mich. 

The leading port of Michigan on 

the northern shore of Lake Michigan; 

landing place of the steamers, 

running between Chicago and Buffalo. 

MARINE CITY, Mich. 
An attractive and enterprising 
city, on the western bank of the 
St. Clair River, well known for the 
beautiful scenery along its course. 
The city has only about 4000 in- 
habitants; its ship-building yards 
and salt wells are remarkable. 
Landing place on the great route, 
from Detroit to Port Huron. 

MARQUETTE, Mich. 

" The Queen City of Lake Supe- 
rior^' owing to its beautiful situatioe- 
on the south shore of Lake Supe- 
rior, the great inland sea and its 
elegant cottages, nestled among the 
hills. 

The settlement dates from 1845, 
in which year, the iron deposits were 
first worked. The railroad to the 
mines, was built in 1857; the docks 
have been so much improved, as to 
be, at present the finest on the coast. 
Plenty of money has already been 
spent in laying out drives to and 
about Presque Isle, a great headland 
north of the city, comprising about 
400 acres, presented to the city by 
the United States government for 
park purposes. Travelers will find 
a visit to this park time well spent. 

MONROE, Mich. 
The second oldest city of Michigan, 
being settled in 1784 by the French 
from Canada. The pretty little town 
is situated at the head of Lake Erie, 
about midway between the mouths 
of the Detroit and Maumee Rivers. 
The inlet, called Brest Bay, into 
which the River Raisin empties, on 
the bank of which river Monroe is 
situated, constitutes the largest and 
best harbor at the upper end of the 
lake and one of the safest harbors 
along he line of the Great Lakes. 
Railway communication from Monroe 



to the outer world, is served by the 
Lake Shore & Michigan Southern 
Railway, the Toledo Branch of the 
Michigan Central and the Flint and 
Pere Marquette Railway. 

It has large manufacturing inter- 
ests, very extensive nurseries and 
in the immediately adjacent country, 
great attention is paid to the raising 
of beef cattle and high grade draught 
horses. 

In its municipal equipment, school 
buildings, coiurt house, city library. 
Holly water works, electric system, 
electric railway line, business build- 
ings and private houses, it will 
compare favorably with any western 
city. Three flour mills, two large 
tile factories, four paper mUls, several 
sash and blind factories, a grain 
elevator, a fotmdry, a carding mill, 
machine shops, the plant of the 
Sterling Manufacturing Company are 
among the institutions which help 
to make of the city a desirable home, 
and in addition, Monroe distributes 
annually more telegraph poles than 
any other point in the world. 

There are ten churches, one 
convent (St. Mary's Academy) and 
a Catholic academy for boys. 

MUSKEGAN, Mich. 
One of the chief ports on Lake 
Michigan, in the State of Michigan. 
The fifth largest city in the state, 
owing to its multiplying industries 
and factories of toys, wooden ware 
and pianos, timber mills and water 
works, receiving their power from 
the Muskegan River. In 1890 the 
town numbered 22,702 inhabitants. 
Pleasant residences of wealthy Mus- 
kegans line the shore of the pictur- 
esque Muskegan Lake, four miles 
from Lake Michigan. Muskegan is 
one of the most thriving places in 
the state. 

ORION LAKE, Mich. 
Is a pretty a body of water and 
inland lake as can be found in Mich- 
igan. It is about forty miles from 
Detroit, on the Detroit, Bay City 
and Mackinaw branch of the Mich- 
igan Central R. R. The topography 
of the surrounding country is rather 
high and rolling and is some six 
hundred feet higher than Detroit. 



193 



The town of Orion, lying quite close 
to the lake, is a neat and brisk little 
place of about one thousand inhab- 
itants and there is a fine hotel where 
visitors can obtain pleasant accom- 
modations. 

PETOSKEY, Mich. 
One of the chief ports of the Lake 
Michigan shore. ' It also enjoys con- 
siderable patronage as a summer 
resort, bemg one of the places, ex- 
empt from hay-fever and near famous 
fishing grounds, among the forest 
lakes. In its vicinity, the limestones 
of Little Traverse are broken and 
shipped from this point. 

PONTIAC, Mich. 

One of Michigan's oldest cities, 
having been settled in 1818, situated 
on the Clinton River, almost in the 
center of the most noted lake district 
of Oakland County, only 24 miles 
from Detroit, with the finest drives 
and most delightful mral surround- 
ings, being par excellence the res- 
idence suburb of Detroit. It has now 
about 8000 inhabitants. It contains 
many handsome residences, two 
electric lighting plants, an excellent 
system of water works, supplied by 
the abundant water power of the 
Clinton River, one of the best fire 
depai'tments in the state, an electric 
street railway and, last not least, the 
Eastern Michigan Asylum for the 
care of the Insane, with 800 inmates. 

Pontiac is also one of the most 
prosperous business towns in the 
State; all its numerous institutions 
are flourishing. Its railroad facilities 
are excellent and it possesses many 
advantages as a manufacturing city. 
The drive front Detroit to Pontiac 
and the lakes is a most delightful 
one, the roads being as good as can 
be found in Michigan and through 
as beautiful section of Michigan as 
one may desire to behold. 

MICHIGAN MILITARY 
ACADEMY. 

25 miles from Detroit and 4V2 miles 
from Pontiac, with which it is con- 
nected by rail. The grounds, com- 
prising 120 acres, are on the shore 
of Orchard Lake in one of the most 
beautiful and healthy localities of 



Michigan. The Academy is self-made 
but subject to State inspection. The 
course in military instruction is 
similar to that at West Point and 
West Point uniforms are worn by 
the cadets. 

PORT HURON, Mich. 

A flourishing city, of some 15,000 
inhabitants, at the foot of Lake Huron 
and one of the most enterprising and 
go-ahead towns in Michigan. At 
least 2000 vessels, with an aggregate 
tonnage of 3,000,000, pass here 
every year. The boring of the rail- 
road tunnel, under the river, from 
Sarnia, facing Port Huron, on the 
Canadian side, a work involving the 
outlay of a vast amount of money 
and fine engineering skill, has re- 
cently been successfully completed, 
thus making Port Huron of national 
importance. It is also important as 
a lumbering place, the Black River 
emptying here into the St. Clair, 
which runs through a rich pine region 
and down which, is floated the lum- 
ber, that supplies the numerous saw- 
mills of the city. The trade in fish 
is large and there are dry- docks, 
two grain elevators and three ship 
yards. 

The first settlement at this point 
was made in 1790, although a French 
military post was established here, 
as early as 1686 and maintained for 
several years. Fort Gratist, two 
miles above Port Huron, where the 
river narrows, until it is less than 
1000 feet wide, was established in 
1814, being continued as a United 
States military post until 1876, when 
it was abandoned and dismjintled. 
Huronia Beach is a very pleasant 
summer resort. 

SAGINAW, Mch. ■ 
The third largest city of Michigan, 
with 46,322 inhabitants (1890), on 
the Saginaw River, the metropolis 
of the Saginaw lumber and salt 
region. The production of lumber 
has been a leading industry, since 
the opening of mills in the Saginaw 
Valley, in 1832. In the decade, 
from 1867-77, this region produced 
sufficient lumber to put a wall 44 ft. 
wide around the earth at the equa- 
tor. These mills turned out, from 



194 



1865-80, the enormous quantity of 
8,857,951,171 feet of lumber. The 
prairies and oak opening of the 
southern counties are followed by 
broad forests of hard wood, along 
the rivers and the latter by illimitable 
pineries in the north. This vast 
product is shipped by water to the 
various lake ports, being thence 
distributed by rail. Two thirds of 
the lumber used in New York and 
Philadelphia, comes from the Saginaw 
Valley, the yearly production of 
which, has risen from 730,000,000 
feet in 1879, to at present, about 
1,000,000,000 feet. The lumber 
industry of the Muron shore con- 
verges about Saginaw Bay, which 
is entered by ten rivers, aggregating 
nearly 900 miles in length floating 
yearly 600,000,000 feet of logs. The 
salt mdusty of Michigan has also 
one of its centers here, where mul- 
titudes of salt wells have been sunk. 
There are also furniture and other 
factories, extending for several miles 
along the Saginaw River and yielding 
an immense revenue every year. 
Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
Richard Khuen, Saginaw W. S., 
Mich. 

Conrad Frey, Room 205, Bearinger 
Building, Saginaw, Mich. 

SAULT St. MARIE, Mich. 

An important and busy place, on 
St. Mary's River, near the outlet of 
Lake Superior and opposite the 
famous rapids of the same name. 
A extensive manufacturing town, 
with about 7000 inhabitants and, 
at the same time, a popular summer 
resort. In 1641, it was an Indian 
mission, later on, a famous Indian 
trading and meeting place, having 
been, imdoubtedly, visited by white 
traders for many years. A palisade 
was built here by the French in 
1750 and an international railroad 
bridge, 3067 feet long, in 1877. 

The famous St. Mary's ship canal 
was opened by the State ot Michigan 
in 1855, being afterwards transferred 
to the United States, since which 
time, great improvements have been 
made. The lock, built in 1881, is 
of granite, with the most approved 
modeni mechanism. It is the largest 



lock in the world, being 515 feet in 
length, 80 feet wide and a Uft of 
20 feet. It can be filled in 15 minutes 
and can accommodate two large lake 
steamers. Navigation is kept open 
here 210 days in the year. Last 
year, 7,803 vessels passed through, 
with a freight tonnage of 6,411,423. 
The value of these cargos exceeded 
80,000,000. A large lock, 1000 feet 
long, 100 ft. wide and 21 feet deep, 
to cost 4,000,000, is in process of 
construction, oa the site of the lock, 
opened in 1855. A greater amount 
of tonnage passes through this canal 
every year, than through the world- 
renowned Suez Canal carrying about 
25,000,000 bushels of wheat, 2,500,000 
tons of iron ore, 165,000,000 feet of 
timber and great quantities of coal. 
At Sault St. Marie, the tracks of the 
Duluth, South Shore & Atlantic; the 
Minneapolis, St. Paul & Sault St. 
Marie and the Sault Branch of the 
Canadian Pacific Railroad converge. 
The ''St. Marie Rapids are avoided 
by the St. Mary's ship canal. Anyone 
visiting Sault St. Mai-ie, called the 
"Soo", should not faU to see Mary 
River, the beautiful stream, 62 miles 
long, forming the only outlet to 
Lake Superior, and shoot the rapids, 
in a canoe, with an expert Indian 
"voyageur." The river itself, is a 
succession of expansions into lakes 
and contractions into rivers and is 
dotted with beautiful forest -clad 
islands, a few small towns being 
i scattered along either shore. 

St. CLAIR CITY, Mich. 
A nice town, half a mile above 
St. Clair Springs, on the St. Claii 
River; its wide, paved streets and 
handsome residences make it a place 
worth seeing. Center of the salt 
district, the Diamond Crystal Salt 
Co. having its works here. 

St. CLAIR SPRINGS, Mich. 
An interestiug place on the St. 
Clair River, noted for its celebrated 
mineral Springs. The Salutaris 
Natural Mineral Water is said to 
be unequaled for various stomach 
disorders and diseases of the kid- 
neys, whereas as a table beverage, 
it IS pronounced to be one of the 
most palatable and healthy of table 



195 



waters. The Si. Clair Mineral 
Springs Baths have gained a wide 
reputation for their therapeutical 
virtues and are used by thousands 
of visitors j'-early. The drive along 
the river, twelve miles north to Port 
Huron, and eight miles south, to 
Marine City, is particularly enjoyable. 
The St. Clair River is a strait, 
through wich the waters of Lake 
Huron find their way to Lakes St. 
Clair and Erie. 

St. IGNACE, Mich. 
The old and historic town of St. 
Ignace, which was settled as early 
as 1691, by the French from Canada, 
is situated on the north side of the 
straits of Mackinac. It is a quaint 
and picturesque old place, aboimding 
in relics of the historic past. Pere 
Marquette is a part of the history 
of St. Ignace and an important part 
too. Here the noble priest lies 
buried and over his grave stands a 
fitting monument to his ever great 
and good memoiy. Here too, we 
find his church still standing where 
be ministered so well and kindly 



so many years, although to Michigan 
and the whole North-west, a mon- 
ument is not necessary to perpetuate 
and keep fresh the memory and life- 
work of this pioneer priest. 

TRAVERSE CITY, Mich. 
One of the most important lake 
ports on Lake Michigan, in the 
north-east comer of this large inland 
sea. It has many lumber mills and 
foundries and a back country, bright 
with many lakes. 

YPSILANTI, Mich. 
A flourishing town of some 7,000 
inhabitants on the Huron River, 30 
mUes west of Detroit. Ypsilanti is 
one of the centers of the south- 
eastern farming country and the 
seat of the State Normal School, 
with training classes for teachers. 
The Ypsilanti Springs, with their 
so-called magnetic water, which is 
in reality not magnetic, are at 
present attracting many patients. 
There are also paper mills and other 
manufactories, profiting by the water 
power of the Huron. 



19& 



MINNESOTA. 



The first white visitors to the 
shores of "The North Star State" 
were French fur-traders in 1659. In 
1679 Du Luth established the first 
trading posts in Minnesota. In 1680 
Father Hennepin and two French 
traders ascended the Mississippi to 
St. Anthony's Falls and to the Djakota 
villages near Mille Lacs. In 1688 
Perrot founded, on Lake Pepin, the 
first French establishment in Minn- 
esota. After France surrendered its 
vast American empire to Great Brit- 
ain, Jonathan Carver from Connecticut 
ascended in 1766 the Mississippi to 
the falls. Minnesota was made up 
of two sections. The first east of 
theMississippibelongedtoNewFrance, 
discovered and owned by the French, 
and ceded to Great Britain in 1763. 
A vast area of this domain, along 
the Ohio, was conquered by George 
Rogers Clark, in 1778, and annexed 
to Virginia, which ceded it to the 
United States, under the name of 
"The Territory Northwest of the River 
Ohio", in 1784. The part of Minn- 
esota west of the Mississippi belonged 
to the province of Louisiana until, 
in 1763, it was ceded to Spain. In 
1803 it passed into the possession 
of the United States. 

The population rose from 4000 
in 1849, to 172 000 in 1860, in 1890 
it had 1 301 826 inhabitants. Minn- 
esota was admitted as a State in 1858. 

It is one of the northern tiers of 
States, reaching up to the 49th par- 
allel, and bounded beyond by the 
Canadian provinces. The Dakotas 
lie along its western border, and 



Iowa on the south, and the east rests 
on Wisconsin and Lake Superior. 

AITKIN, Minn. 

N. P. R. L. S. D. On the Missis- 
sippi River, county seat of Aitkin 
County, has a population of l,8oo, 
four hotels, two public halls, two 
saw mills, one stove, heating and 
hoop factory, thirteen stores, two 
newspapers, four churches, a graded 
school, waterworks, and electric 
lights, four blacksmith shops, two 
wagon and sleigh factories, one bank. 

The county is fast becoming settled 
for agricultural purposes. The pop- 
ulation of the county has doubled 
within the past two years. 

A few miles north of Aitkin the 
Mississippi River has its source in 
Itasca Lake, in the vicinity of which 
an immense lumber trade is carried 
on. Pine trees are cut into logs 
and floated down the Mississippi 
to the Minneapolis Mills, the yearly 
cut being nearly 200,003,000 feet. 
In the vicinity of Aitkin an unlimited ' 
supply of hard wood offers great 
inducements to the manufacturer. 
Two fine steamers run between 
Aitkin and Grand Rapids 65 miles 
north. Geime: deer, elk, bear, moose. 
Fish of all kinds. 

ANOKA, Minn. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 5,000, 
county seat of Anoka County, is 
pleasantly situated on either bank of 
the Rum River, extending north to 
the southern bank of the Mississippi 
River. Water -works, electric -light 



197 



plant, two banks, two public halls, 
two weekly newspapers, a business 
college, four schools, eight churches, 
five hotels, four liveries, about ninety 
general stores, two large saw mills, 
one extensive sash and door factory, 
planing mill, broom factory, barrel 
factory, feed mill, large flour mill, 
starch factories, one creamery. Pota- 
toes, wheat, corn, aud oats are the 
principal products. Shipments: pot- 
atoes, flour, and lumber. 

AUDUBON, Minn. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 450, 
situated on Audubon Lake, has one 
public school, three churches, two 
creameries, two hotels, public hall, 
bank, saw mill, flour mills, eight 
stores, one weekly newspaper, and 
three elevators, and is surrounded by 
fine farming land, with timber close 
at hand. Audubon is the marketing 
place for several country towns, 
namely: Cormorant, Lake Eunice, 
Roberts, Hamden, and Richwood. 
The Long and Cormorant lakes, 
noted for their bathing and camping 
facilities, are close at hand, easily 
reached, and well stocked with pike, 
perch, and bass. SmaU game abun- 
dant; some bear. 

BATTLE LAKE, Minn. 
N. P. R. Fergus Falls Branch. 
Population 500, derives its name 
from the charming lake (five by 
nine miles) on which it is situated. 
It has four elevators, a bank, four 
hotels, built especially for summer 
visitors, one public hall, newspaper, 
twelve general stores, one school 
house, three churches, creamery. 
Battle Lake lies in the center of the 
"Lake Park Region". Otter Tail, 
Gourd, Leaf Bass, Clitheral, and 
numerous other lakes, aU abound in 
several vaaieties of fish. Game is 
also abundant. 

BIG LAKE, Mum. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 400, 
has several general stores, hall, 
church, bank, notel, school, weekly 
paper, and blacksmith shop. Good 
farming country; also good fishing 
in Ulg Lake. 



BRAENERD, Minn. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. The county seat 
of Crow Wing county, beautifully 
located on the east bank of the 
Mississippi River, in a forest of pine, 
at the jimction with the line from 
Duluth. The population is 10,000 
and rapidly growing. The N. P. 
Company's shops and buildings are 
located here, giving employment to 
a very large force of men. Also 
the Northern Pacific Hospital 
for the use of the Company's 
employes. Attached to it, is a San- 
itarium, available for invalids from 
abroad seeking health. Hotel ac- 
commodations are first class. The 
city is supplied with water from the 
Mississippi River by the Brainerd 
Water Power Co. Crow Wing county- 
has erected here substantial county 
buildings, at a cost of $ 45,C)00. The 
city school district has built a high 
school costing $ 40,000, and has 
four large ward brick buildings 
costing $ 60,000. The Sleeper Opera 
House, with a seating capacity of 
850; thirteen churhces, three weekly 
newspapers, one National bank, one 
Banking Co., two saw mills, daily, 
capacity 550,000 feet, and numerous 
successful mercantile houses, are all 
evidences of the stable character 
of the city. Electric street railway. 
A dam has been erected across 
the Mississippi River developing 
power equal to l8,000 horse- 
power and providing enormous 
storage capacity for logs above, also 
furnishing power for an electric-light 
plant, costing $75,000, which fur- 
nishes the city with arc and incandes- 
cent hghts. Ihe Brainerd & Northern 
Minnesota Railway runs from Brain- 
erd to Walker, Minn., on Leech 
Lake, a very laeautiful spot,, has 
500 miles of shore, abundance of 
pike, bass, and pickerel. Many 
charming lakes, fully stocked with 
choice varieties of fish, are of easy 
and convenient access, while the 
timber abounds with bear, deer, and 
all kinds of smaller game. Produce : 
grain, small fruits and all farm 
produce. 



BRECKENRIDGE, Minn. 
N. P. R. Fergus Falls Branch. 



198 



Population 1,000, is located at the 
junction of the Otter Tail and Bois 
de Sioux rivers, and is sheltered on 
the north and west by a magnificent 
semicircular belt of timber. It is 
the county seat of Wilkin county. 
It has two grain elevators, one gram 
warehouse, court house, one school 
building, three churches, sixteen 
stores, "^four hotels, one weekly news- 
paper, one bank, two restaurants, 
opera house, fair grounds and build- 
ings, with a one-mile race course. 

CARLTON, Minn. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. County seat of 
Carlton county, beautifully situated 
at the head of the Dalles, on the 
St. Louis River has electric lights, 
1,500 inhabitants, valuable water- 
power, slate brick manufactory four 
hotels, two public halls, opera house, 
weekly paper, one bank, twelve stores, 
one graded school, and three church- 
es. Surrounding comitry is covered 
with dense forests of pine. Ship- 
ments; lumber, in the rough and 
manufactured, very large. Game 
deer, bear, etc. Fish . brook trout, 
pickerel, etc. This is historical as 
the pioneer station of the Northern 
Pacific Railway, where ground was 
first broken on the Great Trans- 
Contuiental Line. It is the junction 
point with the St. Paul & Duluth 
Railroad. 

CLEAR LAKE, Minn. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 200, 
has three stores, town hall, two 
churches, hotel, livery, newspaper, 
blacksmith shop. Good farming- 
country. Fine fishing near. 

CLITHERAL, Minn. 
N. P. R. Fergus Falls Branch. 
Population 250, has two hotels, one 
public hall, a flouring mill, seven 
stores, one school, and four grain 
elevators. It is situated on Lake 
Clitheral, a lovely body of water 
full of whitefish, catfish, pickerel, 
pike, and bass, and a very inviting 
resort for sportsmen. Large and 
small game. 



DEER CREEK, Minn. 
P. R. Fergus Falls Branch. 

199 



Near Leaf Lake, population 250, has 
an elevator, cheese factor}^, broom 
factor}'', repair shop, blacksmith shop, 
two saw mills, two halls, two hotels, 
five stores, school, two churches. 
Principal produce and shipments : 
wheat, oats, hay, and hardwood 
lumber. Hunting and fishing good. 

DEERWOOD, Minn. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 200, 
situated on Reno and Serpent Lakes, 
has a public school, two stores, etc., 
and is a favorite retreat for the 
sportsman. Fish: bass, pickerel, 
white-fish, pike, and muskallonge in 
abundance. Game: deer and bear, 
ducks, partridges, and rabbits. 

DETROIT, Minn. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. County seat of 
Becker count)^, is located on the 
western edge of the "Lake Park 
Region," This is a town of 1,800 
inhabitants, and situated on the 
beautiful Detroit Lake, with its 37 
miles of wooded shore line, has within 
the past few years become noted as 
a summer resort, large numbers 
visiting it annually. It has five hotels, 
one of which, the "Hotel Minnesota," 
is exceptionally fine, and especiallj^ 
adapted for summer tourists; the 
"Fair Haven House," situated in a 
beautiful grove on the terraces of 
the eastern shore of Lake Sallie, also, 
furnishes a good stopping place. 
There are also a number of summer 
cottages, owned by the St. Louis 
Moorhead, Fargo, St. Paul and Minne- 
apolis. Mineral springs, containing 
health restoring properties, are an 
attraction. Black bass and pike 
fishing is first-class. Deer, duck, and 
grouse hunting is also good. Has 
one bank, a newspaper, nineteen 
stores, five churches, two public halls, 
court house, handle factory, two 
elevators, three school buildings and 
two flouring mills. Products: wheat, 
oats, corn, r3'e, potatoes, farm veg- 
tables; ships same; also lumber, wood, 
and ties. Detroit Lake, itself a lovely 
body of water, surrounded by rugged 
hills or low, wooded shores, is but 
one of a chain of lakes that stretches 
southward midst verdant mead and 
bossy isle. Here are Muskrat, Sallie , 

10 



Melissa, Buck, Little, Pelican, Fish, 
Lizzie, Crystal, and Lida lakes. In 
size these lakes vary from one-fourth 
mile long by the same distance in 
width, for the two smallest, to seven 
miles long by two miles or more 
wide for Lake Lida, the largest. The 
Pelican River; a small and most 
picturesque little stream, is a bond 
of union down to and including Lake 
Lizzie. Lizzie and Crystal lakes are 
connected b)^ another channel, and 
Lake Lida, the largest and finest 
of them all, is connected with Lake 
Lizzie by still another. It lies so 
close to Crystal, however, that a 
small portage enables the tourist to 
soon transfer his canoe or rowboat 
from one to the other. The Detroit 
Lake & Pelican Valley Navigation 
Co., of Detroit, have spent much 
money to afford navigable commu- 
nication between these lake gems. 
The Pelican River is not of itself 
navigable. Dredging has been resorted 
to to accomplish this i-esult. Thus 
far. Lakes Detroit, Muskrat, Sallie, 
Melissa, and Buck's Mills, a point a 
niile or two below the latter lake, 
have been brought into communica- 
tion. Between Lakes Muskrat and 
Sallie, a regular canal lock was 
necessary owing to the difference 
in level between the lakes. The 
locking of the little steamer Lady of 
the Lakes through here is always a 
matter of great interest to the 
passengers. One of the pleasantest 
features of this trip is the ride along 
the Pelican River, with its banks of 
long grass; the sharp turns of the 
narrow stream, the wooded heights 
back from it, and the somewhat 
nistic, whitewashed bridges under 
which the steamer passes. 

DULUTH, Minn. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 59,356, 
is situated at the head of Lake Supe- 
rior, and" is the county seat of 
St. Louis County. Eight railroad 
lines run into Duluth, making it an 
important railroad center. It has a 
Government Laud Office, a Board of 
Trade, Chamber of Commerce and 
Produce Exchange, seven banks, 
combined capital over $ 2,000,000, 
sixteen grain elevators, capacity 
nearly 21,000,000 bushels, a blast 



furnace, car works, iron and steel 
plant, large foundries and machine 
shops, flouring mills, saw mills, blast 
furnaces, one morning, one evening, 
and twelve weekty newspapers, and 
a complete system of water and gas 
mains and electric street railways, 
one fine opera house. Every branch 
of commercial industry is represented 
here. The docks of the Northern 
Pacific Ry., as well as those built 
by other companies and individuals, 
afford ample facilities for the unload- 
ing and warehonsmg of the cargoes 
from the largest lake vessels. Re- 
ceipts and shipments of grain, coal, 
oil, lumber, salt, ores and fish ai-e 
the leading items, but nearly ever)'' 
marketable commodity is received 
and handled at this point in great 
quantities. Inexhaustible supply of 
iron ore near the city. Large ship 
yards are located here, and several 
steel vessels have already been built. 
Duluth is abundantly supplied with 
the best educational and religious 
advantages, all denominations being 
represented. The very best of game, 
fishing, and hunting can be found 
m this vicinity. 

ELK RI\^R, Minn., 
N, P. R. L. S. D. Population 1,500, 
coimty seat of Sherburne county, on 
the Mississippi and Elk Rivers, with 
good water power. It has three 
hotels, two halls, seven stores, one 
newspaper, saw mill, floiu: mill, 
starch factory, creamery, three 
schools and three churches. Good 
farming country; fishing good. 

FERGUS FALLS, Minn. 
N. P. R. Fergus Falls Branch. 
County seat of Otter Tail count}', 
population 5,000, has ten hotels, 
thirteen churches, two public halls, 
fine theatre, court house, masonic 
temple. Odd Fellows hall, three 
banks, one daily and five weekly 
newspapers, a Government Land 
Office, about 150 stores, and Minne- 
sota's Third Hospital for Insane is 
located here. It is on the Red River, 
which furnishes a valuable water 
power, running many manufactories; 
viz., five flouring mills, two woolen 
mills, wagon factory, paper mill, 



200 



casket factory, etc. Has electric 
light, telephone exchange, water and 
gas works. Hard timber abundant. 
Wheat the principal product. Ship- 
ments of ilour are large. Game: 
bear, deer, geese, ducks, prairie 
chickens. Fish: bass, pickerel, pike, 
and mnskallonge. 

FORT RIPLEY, Minn 
N. P. R. L. S. D. On the Mississippi, 
derives its name Irom the old Fort 
which stood one mile from the station. 
It has loO people, two grain houses, 
two stores, hotel, school, feed mill, 
blacksmith shop. Principal shipments : 
small grain and cord wood. Game: 
deer, bear, jjrairie ckickens, par- 
tridges, grouse, etc. Wolf, raccoon, 
mink, etc., plentiful. Fish abundant. 

FRAZEE, Minn. 
X. P. R. L. S. D. Population 300, 
liaj eight stores, two churches, two 
schools, two hotels, one saw mill, 
one elevator, and one hall. Large 
shipments of wood and lumber. 
Deer, lish and small game abundant. 

GLEN WOOD, Minn. 
X. P. R. Little Falls & Dakota 
Branch. Is the county seat of Pope 
count)% and contains 950 people. 
ft is situated on the north shore of 
Lake lyiinnewaska, 200 feet below 
the level of the surrounding prairie, 
in a beautiful valley, encompassed 
by high bluffs. As a scenic spot 
Lake Minnewaska isu usm^passed. 
It is twelve miles in length, four 
miles in width, and has a shore line 
of forty miles. The water is clear, 
and abounds in pickerel, pike, white- 
fish, bass, and muskallonge. Its 
shores are sandy, with a pebbly 
beach, most of which are lined with 
a beautiful border of timber. A 
smooth carriage road runs the entire 
distance around the lake, close to 
the water's edge. It has three hotels, 
one newspaper, two banks, four 
churches, two schools, court house 
opera house, livery, three public halls, 
new academy, theatre, twelve stores, 
one creamery, one roller flour mill, 
electric lights, bottling works, bottling 
famous Glenwood Springs water, 
etc. The outing grounds of the 



Minneapolis Young Men's Christian 
Association are located here. Wheat 
the principal product and shipment. 

GLYNDOX, Minn. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. ten miles east of 
Fargo, is the junction point with the 
Great Northern Ry. It has 450 
inhabitants, two hotels, school, hall, 
two churches, one flouring mill, one 
newspaper, one elevator, and three 
stores. Is an important grain-shipping 
point, being situated in the Red 
River Valley, the great grain-produc- 
ing region. 

GREY EAGLE, Minn. 
N. P. R. Little Falls & Dakota 
Branch. Has 250 inhabitants, two 
hotels, two saw mills; two churches, 
two schools, three stores, one fac- 
tory, which manufactures wagon and 
sleigh stuff, and grain elevator. lis 
manufactures are principally lumber, 
Ships wood, timber, fencing and 
ties. Products: wheat, corn, oats, 
etc. Fishing is good. 

HAWLEY, Minn. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. on Buffalo River, 
population 6cK), has three churches, 
sixteen stores, three hotels, bank 
school house, hall, weekly paper, one 
flouring mill, two creameries, three 
lumber yards, and three elevators. 
Grain, hay, and live-stock the prin- 
cipal shipments. Silver Lake is 
three miles distant. Small game in 
abundance. 

HENNING, Minn. 
N. P. R. Fergus Falls Branch. 
About a mile from Leaf Mountain, 
population 400, has three hotels, 
three grain elevators, three lumber 
yards, flour mill, three repair shops, 
one bank, fifteen stores, one school 
and two church organizations. Pro- 
ducts and shipments: pihng, ties, 
wood, and wheat. Game: bear, deer, 
partridge. Fish abundant. 

LAKE PARK, Minn. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. population 800, has 
one school house, four churches, one 
public hall, a weekly newspaper, two 
hotels, two grain elevators, two 
creameries which produce 2,000 lbs. 



201 



10* 



of butter daily, two banks, nine 
stores, also a flour mill, 200 barrels 
capacity. Being situated on a lovely 
lake and near numerous other lakes, 
all containing" an abundance of fish, 
renders this a most charming resort 
for visitors. Wheat is the principal 
grain, and shipments are wheat, dairy, 
and farm products. Small game; 
some deer. 



LITTLE FALLS, Minn. 

N. P. R. L. S. D. On the Mississippi, 
is an incorporated city of 5,000 
inhabitants, the county seat of 
Morrison county. Improvements, 
costing $ 250,000, put in by the Little 
Falls Water Power Co., fm-nish 
10,000 horse power for the running 
of mills. Dam, canal and all improve- 
ments on solid rock foundation. The 
city has two flouring mills, capacity 
1,200 barrels daily, a pulp and paper 
mill, two sash and door factories 
iron works, water works, electric- 
light and gas plants, steam laundry, 
breweiy, pop factory, court house 
and city hall, fine hotel, cost $ 50,000, 
two banks, three weekly and one 
daily newspapers, four hotels, public 
hall, hospital, orphanage, graded 
school, six churches, thirty stores, 
two grain elevators and a steam dry 
kiln, saw mills, capacity seventy 
million feet, cost $ 200,000. The 
town is situated on both sides of 
the river, and connected by a fine 
bridge, built at a cost of over 
$ 20,000. Little Falls is the junction 
of the branch line riming to Morris, 
Minn., and for the "cut off" to Staples. 
The line to Staples passes through 
a finely timbered and agricvdtural 
country, wich is being rapidly 
developed. Principal products; wheat, 
lumber, railroad ties and wood. A 
very superior quality of white, hard 
brick is also manufactured here. 
Abundance of game and fish. 



LUCE, Minn. 

N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 75, 
has two stores, hotel, school, elevator, 
feed mill and hall. Large shipments 
of wood and wheat. Deer, fish and 
small game abundant. 



MINNEAPOLIS, Minn. 

Minneapolis centers around the 
Falls of Saint Anthony, which affords 
immense water power ; the first house 
was built in 1852; to day it has about 
200,000 people; it is the largest 
lumber and flour producing city in 
the world, the annual lumber output 
reaching five hundred million feet, 
while the flour produces reaches the 
immense total of ten million barrels, 
with six hundred factories making 
over two hundred and twentyfive 
separate articles, it ranks seventh 
among the manufacturing cities of 
the country. 

Minneapolis, the largest city in the 
State is located amidts a large and 
very fertile, agricultural district; it 
is situated on both sides of the 
Mississippi forming here the St. An- 
thony Falls, which furnish about a 
hundred thousand horse power. 

The mills of Minneapolis are located 
on the Mississippi near the St. An- 
thony Falls; no visitor should miss 
visitnig them. 

On the left side of the river bet- 
ween 11th and 18 th aves, are the 
buildings of the University of Minne- 
sota atiented by about 1000 students. 
Minneapolis and St. Paul are connec- 
ted by railroad (one half hour) and 
by the Interurban Electric Tramway 
(40 minutes); the distance between 
the two cities is 10 miles. 

Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
E. Eichhorn & Sons, Minneapolis, 
Minn. 

A. E. Johnson & Co., 8 Washing- 
ton Ave S., Minneapolis, Minn. 

MOORHEAD, Minn. 

N. P. R. L. S. D. is pleasantly situated 
on the Red River of the North, which 
separates Minnesota from North 
Dakota, and has a population of 
4,000 peopled County seat of Clay 
county. Has ten hotels, the Columbia, 
is the largest. Is the seat of Concor- 
dia College (Norwegian), Hope 
Academy (Swedish), State Normal 
School, Normal Dormitory, Catholic 
Schools, fine courthouse and jail, city 
hall and jail, and many other fine 
buildings; six churches, two public 



202 



halls, three public school buildings, 
one daily, two weekly newspapers, 
two national banks, two large flouring 
mills (capacity l,ooo barrels a day), 
two elevators, three brick yards, 
stock yards, livery and sale stables, 
splendid stores of all kinds, two 
lumber yards, planing mill, plow 
factory, one brewery, fifteen whole- 
sale liquor houses, cold storage and 
beer warehouses for all Eastern 
breweries, two wagon and sled 
factories, foundry and car-wheel 
works, agricultural works, two cooper 
shops (capacity 400 barrels a day), 
butter tub factory, making loo tubs 
a day, bicycle factory, and . other 
small manufactories. The United 
States weather bureau is located at 
this place. The city owns the electric- 
light and water-works plant. The 
city is supplied with gas, also artesian 
water. The principal streets are 
paved with cedar blocks; St. Cloud 
granite curbing used. Principal 
products : Grain of all kinds, potatoes 
onions, beets, turnips, parsnips, and 
carrots are raised around here in 
great quantities, of which, many 
carloads are shipped to Eastern 
markets. Hay is also shipped to 
St. Paul, Minneapolis, and the cities 
at the head of the lakes. Cattle, 
sheep, and hogs are raised in large 
numbers. Flax and gxass seed raised 
in large quantities. A tannery of 
medium proportions recently started 
here. Game of all kinds abounds in 
great numbers around Moorhead; 
prairie chickens, grouse, pheasants, 
ducks, geese, and rabbits are the 
most plentiful. 

MORRIS, Minn. 
N. P. R. Little Falls & Dakota 
Branch. Near the Pomme de Terre 
River, which furnishes good water 
power, has 1,800 inhabitants, is the 
county seat of Stevens county, and 
the present western terminus of the 
Little Falls & Dakota Branch. Has 
six churches, a graded and high 
school, with two handsome school 
buildings, a Catholic parochial school, 
two public banks, two halls, three 
hotels, two newspapers, two flouring 
mills, four elevators, fifty stores, one 
creamery, and a new court house. 
Tlie surrounding country is noted 



for its fine stock, there being 
numerous herds of thoroughbred 
short-horns, Herefords, Jersey, and 
Polled cattle. Prairie chickens, snipe, 
plover, and ducks are abundant in 
their season. Products are wheat, 
barley, oats, corn, etc. '. shipments the 
same. 

MOTLEY, Minn. 
N. P. R. S. L D. Located on Crow 
Wing and Long Prairie Rivers, has 
300 people, one hotel, four stores, 
one hall, two school houses, one 
bank, three churches, one planing 
mill and one large saw mill. Ship- 
ments: lumber, ties, wood and grain. 
Game and fish abundant. 

NEW YORK MILLS, Minn. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Is a town of 
450 people. It has one hotel, seven 
stores, meat market, one newspaper, 
church, school, hall, flour mill, two 
elevators, and blacksmith shop. Fine 
point for hunting deer, ducks, and 
partridges. 

PERHAM, Minn. 

N. P. R. L. S. D. Near Pine Lake, 
has 900 people, steam brewery, 
wagon factory, seventeen stores, four 
churches, public school, bank news- 
paper, planing mill, blacksmith shop, 
large roller floiir mill, capacity 200 
barrels daily; three large grain 
elevators, capacity 75,000 bushels 
each; two halls and four hotels. 
Perham is one of the good points 
for every variety of game, wild fowl 
and fish. Products, wheat, oats, 
barley, rye, corn and flax, etc. 

RICE'S, Minn. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 300, 
has two hotels, six stores, three grain 
elevators, town hall, school house 
and two churches. A combination 
grist and saw mill is run by water 
power obtained from the Little Rock 
River. The water fall at this point 
is now about 14 feet. This can 
readily be raised to 20 feet, and 
offers a fine opportunit}^ for the 
erection of a first-class mill. The 
surrounding country is a fine body 
of farming land, producing grain of 
various kinds. 



203 



ROY ALTON, Minn. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. On the Platte 
River, has ,,co people, two flouring 
mills, one 300 barrels^ and one 150 
barrels capacit)', a feed mill, two 
saw and planing mills, one newspaper, 
one bank, four hotels, two grain 
elevators, twenty-one stores, three 
churches, two school buildings, opera 
house, seating capacit}' 450. Water- 
power ]n-ivileges suitable for all kinds 
of manufacturing can be had at this 
point. Products: wheat and small 
grain. Game: deer, bear, prairie 
chickens, quail partridge. Fish 
abundant. 

SANK RAPIDS, Minn. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. The county seat 
of Benton count}^, is situated on the 
east bank of the Mississippi River, 
has 2000 inhabitants, five hotels, 
five chm-ches, graded schools, two 
newspapers, two public halls, opera 
house seating 500, two flouring mills, 
and some fine quarries of red granite, 
pronounced equal to the celebrated 
Quinc)^ granite of New England, 
A'arying only in color. An excellent 
water power, onl}' partiallj' utilized, 
renders this a good point for maniifac- 
tories. General country produce. 
Game: ducks and other small game. 
Fishing in river and adjacent lakes. 

SAUK CENTRE, Minn. 
N. P. R. Little Falls & Dakota 
Branch. Has 2,700 inhabitants seven 
churches, schools and academ)^ one 
flouring mill, fanning mill, and sled 
works, novelty works, three banks, 
three hotels, creamer3% pop factory, 
lorty stores, two newspapers, etc. 
Is situated on Sauk River, at outlet 
of .Sauk Lake, which is twelve miles 
long. Small game and fish abundant. 
Products and shipments principally 
wheat. 

STAPLES, Minn. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 1,600, 
has five hotels, two banks two school- 
houses, public hall and librar}', four 
churches, eighteen stores, printing 
office, elevator, etc. Brick is manufac- 
tured extensively. The N. P. R}^ 
has a large roundhouse and machine 
shops at this point. The surrounding 



ocuntry consists of good farming 
lands, also timbered lands. Small 
game in abundance. 

STARBUCK, Minn. 
N. P. R. Little Falls & Dakota 
Branch. Population 400, situated at 
the foot of Lake Minnewaska, has 
one hotel, fifteen stores, one public 
hall, one school building, church, 
one flour mill, thi'ee grain elevators, 
one creamer)^ one lumber yard, and 
liver}'. Products and shipments ai'c 
principall}' wheat. Ducks, geese, and 
prairie chickens are numerous; fish- 
ing good. 

ST. CLOUD, Minn. 
N. P. R. L. S.D. Population 10,000, 
count}^ seat of Stearns county, is' 
situated on both sides of the Missis- 
sippi River. It has nineteen hotels, 
four banks, electric -light and gas 
plants, water-works, street railways, 
large saw mills, flouring mills, found- 
ries, machine shops, wood-working 
shops, five elevators, a U. S. Lancl 
Office, various churches, schools etc. 
Nearby are extensive granite quar- 
ries, 23 in number. A dam and 
canal, costmg $ 400,000, controls the 
water power of the Mississippi at 
this point. This is the center of a 
fine agricultural district, and is one 
of the most progressive of Minnesota 
cities. 

ST. PAUL, Minn. 

St. Paul, the capital, of Minnesota, 
stands on a series of terraces over- 
looking the Mississipi River at the 
head of navigation; it is the focus 
of immense railway systems and the 
center of an enormous wholesale and 
retail trade. 

Today its population numbers 
about 180,000. 

St. Paul has two Railway stations 
Union Depot at the end of Sibley 
Street near the river is used by most 
of the trains; Broadway Depot at 
the foot of 4th Street is for the 
Minneapolis & St. Louis R. R. and 
the St. Croix Railway. 

The most attractive building in 
the city is the State's Capitol contai- 
ning the library of 20,000 volumes 
of the State's Historical Society. 



204 



From the copula^ of the capitol the 
visitor enjoys a good view over the 
city. 

. Near the Capitol is the Post Offioe 
and the magnihcent City Hall erected 
at a cost of $ 1,000,000 and containing 
the Public Library. The business 
portion of St. Paul is substantially 
built; we may mention the Pioneer 
Press Office corner 4th and Robert 
Sts., New York Life Insurance Buil- 
ding corner Minnesota and Six Sts, 
the Globe Building corner Cedar and 
4th Sts, the Germania Life Insurance 
Office at the corner . opposite, the 
Bank of Minnesota and Great Northern 
Railway Office. 

The following Railroad - Systems 
pass through St. Paut. 

Chicago, Burlington & Northern. 
Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul. 
Chicago, St. Paul & Kansas City. 
Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & 
Omaha. Minneapolis, St. Paul & 
Sault Ste. Marie. Minneapolis & St. 
Louis. Northern Pacific. The Great 
Norther-n Railway. St. Paul & Duluth . 
St. Paul, Minneapolis & Manitoba. 
Wisconsin Central. 

SWANVILLE, Minn. 
N. R. R. Little Falls &: Dakota 
-Branch. On the Swan River, has 
150 inhabitants two hotels, elevatox", 
three stores and school. Grazing 
and timber country; game and fish 
in plenty. Ships wood and timber. 
Is the station for Pillsbuiy, two miles 
distant, which has one flouring mill, 
one saw mill, three stores, one church 
and one school. 

VERNDALE, Minn. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Near-Wing River, 
which furnishes good water power, 
population 8oo, has two elevators, 
two hotels, one bank, a newspaper, 
one public hall, three churches, 
floui-ing mill,, a planing mill, good 
schools, also a dozen stores. Prod- 
ucts are wheat, barle)', corn, oats, 
potatoes and garden vegetables. 
Game: deer, prairie chickens, pheas- 
ants. 



VILLARD, Minn. 
N. P. R. Little Falls & Dakota 
Branch. Population 2,000, has one 
hotel, one public hall, one large 
elevator, seven stores, one school, 
and three churches. Wheat the 
principal product and shipment. 
One-half mile distant is aTchain of 
beautiful lakes, abounding in black 
bass, pike and pickerel. Game: 
prairie chickens, ducks and all small- 
game. 

WADENA, Minn. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. County seat of 
Wadena county, has a population of 
1,500 six hotels, five churches, public 
hall, two newspapers, twenty stores, 
one brewery, two banks, one school 
building, flouring mill, saw mill 
planing mill, and a plow factor}'. 
Products: wheat, barley, corn, oats 
and potatoes. This is the junction 
point of the main line with the Fergus 
Falls Branch running to Milnor. 
The Itaska State Park, 7x5 miles, 
is about 65 miles, from Wadena. 
A wagon road runs to this park from 
this point, also from Verndale and 
Detroit. Game and fish in abundance. 



WINNIPEG JUNCT., Minn. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. on Buffalo River, 
near Silver Lake, is the junction 
point of the main line and Manitoba 
Division, which runs fo Crookston, 
Red Lake Falls, Grand Foiks, and 
Winnipeg, through a rich farming 
countiy. Has two stores, church, 
school, and two hotels. 

WINONA, Minn. 

Situated on the Mississippi, 307 
miles from Chicago and 103 miles 
from St. Paul. 

Here are two bridges over the 
river. It has a population of 18,500. 
Its trade in grain and wood is im- 
portant. The railroad connections 
are b};" the Chicago, Milwaukee & 
St. Paul and the Chicago, Burlington 
& Ouincy, Railroads. 



205 



MISSISSIPPI. 



Mississippi, like Alabama, was first 
visited by Enropeans at the time 
(about 1541) when the Spanish 
expedition boie the bright banner of 
De Soto through all the great belt 
of forest swamps which lies upon 
the Mexian Gulf — from the palm- 
covered plains of Florida on the 
east, to the far-off floods of the 
mighty "Father of Waters", on the 
west. 

In 1682. La Salle descended the 
Mississippi River, and visited the 
territory of its present namesake 
State. Two years after, he set out 
again for the region, with a resolute 
band of colonists, but the venture 
failed before it was faiiiy begun, 
various misfortunes preventing his 
ever reaching his destination.. Iber- 
ville, a Frenchman, made the thii'd 
attempt at the settlement, but with 
no_ better success than his predeces- 
sors met with. A beginning was, 
however, at length accomplished, by 
Bienville and a party of Frenchmen. 
This expedition settled in 1616 at 
Fort Rosalie, now the city of Natchez. 
A dozen years later (1728) a terrible 
massacre of the new comers was 
made by their jealous Indian neigh- 
bors. Other sanguinary conflicts 
with the aborigines took place in 
1736, '39, and 52, with the same 
final result — the defeat and devas- 
tation of the Indian tribes, and the 
triumph of the invadmg whites. 

The territory fell into the posses- 
sion of the British Crown upon the 
conclusion of the peace of Paris, 
in 1763. In 1798 the colony was 
organized as a Territory, Alabama 



forming a portion thereof. The 
State history of Mississippi began 
December 10, 1817, at which tmie 
Alabama was still included. 

Mississippi was one of the first 
States to attempt Secession, and as 
early as January, 1861, planted artil- 
lery at V'icksburg to command the 
river. Later in 1861 U. S. naval 
expeditions captured Biloxi and Ship 
Island. In 1862 Beauregard's Confed- 
erates yielded Corinth to Halleck's 
National troops, after a long siege; 
and in October Gen. Price and Van 
Dom assailed the towai with 35,000 
Confederates, and were terribly 
defeated by Rosecrans, sacrificing 
9,000 men. At Inka the two armies 
lost 1,000 men each. Vicksburg, 
on its high bluffs, was the Kej^ of 
the Mississippi, and bristled with 
fortification and cannon, which foiled 
Farragut, in June, and Sherman, in 
December, 1862. In April, 1863, 
Grant crossed the river at Bruins- 
bm'g; captured Grand Gulf and 
Jackson; defeated Pember ton's 25,000 
men at Champion Hills; and on 
July 4th received the siu-render of 
Vicksburg, with 27,000 soldiers. 

In 1865 Mississippi repealed the 
ordinance of secession, and abolished 
slavery. The property valuation was 
lowered between 1860 and 1870 by 
the war and the liberation of the 
slaves, from $ 607,324.911 to 
$208,197,345, and is now (U. S. 
Census of 1890) $ 158,000,000. 

The Latitude of Mississippi is 
from 30" 13' to 35o N., and her 
Longitude from 88» 7' to 91" 41 W. 



207 



Her population in 

1860 was 791.305, 

and in 1890 1.289,600. 

Of these inhabitants 

539,704 were white 
747,720 were colored. 

COLUMBUS, Miss. 

Columbus, population about 4.000, 
is upon the Tombigbee River, 60 
miles below Aberdeen, and 145 miles 
northeast of Jackson. 

Railroads :' Gulf & Chicago; Mo- 
bile & Olrio. 

HOLLY SPRINGS, Miss. 

546 miles from and 210 miles above 
Jackson the most popular ■watering 
place of Mississippi, and a flourish- 
ing countiy-town, It is connected 
by railway (norlli) with the line 
from Memphis to Chattanooga, Ten- 
nessee. The Chalmer's Institute and 
St. Thomas" Hall for Boys, the 
Franklin Female College, and the 
Holly Springs Female Institute are 
here. 

The vicinage of H0II3' Springs is 
remarkable for its natural beaut}' 
and its salubrious climate. 

Railroads : Illinois Central. 

JACKSON, Miss. 

Jackson, the Capital of Mississippi, 
is upon the Pearl River, south-west 
from the centre of the State. It is 
connected b)^ railway, 46 miles, with 
Vicksburg, on the Mississippi River, 
and may be thus reached from New 
Orleans. It is a chief point on the 
great railway route from New Or- 
leans nox-tliward. 

Jackson is regularly built and has 
some 5,000 inh. The State House 
is a very handsome edifice. The 
other chief buildinas are the Ex- 



ecutive Mansion, the Stale Lunatic 
Asylum, the State Institutions for 
the Deaf, Dumb, and Blind, and the 
Citjr Hall. The State Penitentiai-y, 
a spacious and handsome edifice, 
was nearly destroyed dming the 
Civil War. There is also the lai-ge 
State Librar)^ containing some 90,000 
volumes. 

MERIDIAN, Miss. 

The second lai-gest city of Missis- 
sippi, having a population of over 
10,600. Its importance is due chiefly 
to its position at the junction of 
several railroads. 

Railroads: Alabama Great South- 
ern; East Tennessee, Virginia & 
Georgia; Mobile & Ohio; New 
Orleans & Northwestern; Vicksburg 
& Meridian. 

NATCHEZ, Miss. 

A pleasant city on the Mississippi 
river, 279 mis. above New Orleans, 
with tine public buildings and friendlj 
homes in Natchez-on-the-Hill. It is 
one of the most populous and com- 
mercial places in the State. 

Railroad: Natchez, Jackson & 
Columbus R. R. 

VICKSBURG, Miss. 

On the Walnut Hills, which extend 
for about 2 miles along the river, 
rising to the height of 500 ft., and 
displaving the finest scenery of 
the Lower Mississippi. Havmg a 
population of 13,371, it is the largest 
city in Mississippi. Vicksburg was 
founded in 1836 by a planter named 
Vick. Vicksburg is the most import- 
ant place on the Mississippi between 
New Orleans and Memphis, and about 
equally distant from both. 

Railroad: Louisville, New Orleans 
& Texas. 



208 




THROUGH CAR ROUTE 

between 

@T. L©yiJS 

AND PRINCIPAL CITIES 

WIST A\IMJ© a@yTHjWlST» 

DOUBLE DAILY SERVICE TO 

TIXIAS 

Including through vestibuled observation sleeping cars 

to 

Paris, Dallas, San Antonio, Greenville, Ennis, Waco, 

Corsicana, Houston and Galveston, Texas. 

Also 

Springfield, Mo., Carthage, Mo., Joplin, Mo., 

Wichita, Kas., Fort Smith, Ark. 

THROUGH SLEEPING CARS, ST. LOUIS to IWtEXICO 

Via SAN ANTONIO, TEX. 

HARVEY DINING HALLS . 57 

S. B. FRANKLIN B. L. WINCKELL 

G. E. A. Gen'l Passenger Agent 

385 Broadway, NEW YORK. ST. LOUIS, MO. 



209 



FRISCO LINE. 
ST. LOUIS AND SAN FRANCISCO RAILROAD. 

THE POPULAR PICTURESQUE ROUTE TO THE GREAT 
WEST AND SOUTHWEST. 

THROUGH 
MISSOURI, KANSAS, ARKANSAS INDIAN TERRITORY AND TEXAS. 

Starting- from the magnificent GRAND UNION STATION at 
Si. Lotiis, the largest, handsomest and most complete Passenger Terminal 
in the World, passengers via the Frisco line are delighted with the strangely 
interesting variety of comitry, scenery and climate along the line. There 
can be no wonder at the wide popularitj^ of this route to the Southwest. 
Between St. Louis and Springfield, Mo., is crossed the Ozark Mountain 
Range. These picturesque slopes and steep declivities are the Huntsman's 
paradise. The everlasting mountain streams furnish all the kinds of fish 
native to such localities. Do-«ti in the valleys are snug homes which 
boast of rich delta lands, no mosquitoes or malaria, and pure mountain 
air. Between Monett, where the Frisco's California Route leads of west, 
and Ft. Smith, Ark., are the Boston Mountains, and further South the 
Kiamichi Highlands, whose scenery is bewitching, and in some spots 
wild in its grandeur. Streams, wild fowl, fish, deer and smaller game 
complete any picture, fp^ncy may draw. There are signs of the red man to 
be found, but there are signs only, for civilization in its highest type has 
made the country to blossom as the rose. Even along that^ part of the 
road between a point a few miles south of Ft. .Smith, Ark., and Red River 
which is the Eastern portion of the Indian Territory, the red man, who is 
in evidence at the i-ailway stations, presents an Americanized appearance. 
He may be seen moxmted on the strong muscled Indian pony, a man hardy 
of limb and keen of e}'^e, dressed in combination style, so to speak, retaining 
some of the garments and ornaments of the untamed fathers, and nearly 
always with the handy lariat hooked on to his big horned saddle. Here 
we find a study in government and human evolution. Men who once 
subsisted on wild animals and fowls, and, but for their skms and feathers 
would have had to go naked; who fought with weapons of flint and- 
seasoned wood, and who killed each other and can'^ed fhch" own bodies 

210 



in pursuance ol savage whims or instinct, have disappeared over in the 
happy hunting grounds. By gradual stages the brute bas been merged 
into the man of affairs. 

The fruit and Vegetable possibilities along the "Frisco Line" are 
stupendorrs ; the road penetrates through the fruit belt of the Osai^k 
Motmiains, where all manner of finest flavored apples and other fruits 
grow in abundance, which obtain a perfection unknown in any other part 
of the world. The air is always pure and surromided by magnificent 
moimtain scenerj^ some of the land needs but the touch of industrj^ to 
be made richly productive of cotton, corn and fruits. There is an abun- 
dance of black walnut, short leaf pine, hickory, oack and cedar timber 
which is close to the tracks. Perhaps there is no item of greater impor- 
tance to this great valley than that of the manufacture of the cereal 
products into other forms of food products. The great surplus of the 
farming districts must of necessit)'- be sent out to the world as raw, 
material, but the population of the great valle3^s will always consume large 
quantities of rolled oats, hominy, grits, corn starch, white flour, graham 
floiu- and meals. The milling of flour and rolled oats has gained con- 
siderable headwa)^ in this valley already, but there are large opportunities 
for the manufactiu-e of com products, such as hominey, grits and starch. 
There is also known to be a large export demand for starch. The milling 
of flour must of necessity grow to large proportions as the openhig up of 
new territor}^ to the west and south increases the demand for these pro- 
ducts. While agriculture will always be the leading industry of the south- 
west, her mines and minerals are designed to play an important part in 
her material advancement. The famous lead and zinc mines in the Granby, 
Aurora and Joplin districts have in a few 3'ears made the counties of 
Newton, Lawrene and Jasper in Missouri increase wonderfully in popu- 
lation. These comities produce more than one half of the lead mined in 
the state, and for several years past more than one-half the lead production 
of the United States has been from Missouri mines. These mines are 
surrounded by a rich agricultural region and the one industry has 
materially assisted in the development of the other. 

A point of international interest reached via the Frisco Line is 
Eureka Springs, Ark., located on the Eureka Springs Railwaj- about 
20 miles from Seligman (jimction with Frisco Line). The fame of this 
wonderful health and pleasure resort has become world wide. It is built 
on hill sides and along pointed peaks. Streets are winding and all awry, 
in order to conform to the lay of the land. But each pretty house, each 
business block, is accessible from some kind of well-kept street or b}rvvay. 
An electric street car line winds about from one end of the town to the 
other, affording- a ride which for odd scenery and fine views, for conve- 
nience and for safety along surprising slopes, is not duplicated anywhere 
in America. This most remarkable street railway ascends from its lowest 
elevation to its highest, some 500 feet, and just at the highest point lauds 
you at the Crescent Llotel, a modern structure of grav stone, ornate and 

211 



beautiful, I'uUiliiug all the needs of the most exactmg traveler. From the 
Crescent Hotel one may get-a view of Pea Ridge Mountain, the scene 
of one of the battles of the Civil War. Other views within 12 miles of 
Eureka Springs are: Pond Mountain, pronounced unequalled for its kind 
in the United States; Grand View, a point overlooking the winding 
Valle}' of King's River and the sparkling Osage; Pivot Rock, Bennett's 
Cave, Blue Spring, Roaring River, and the Narrows, and the Cedar 
Cliffs on While River. The trip over the Sprmgs Railway is of itself 
worth takmg, owing to its views of mountain gorge and pine-Clothed 
slopes. Here are to be seen the grand passes along the picturesque White 
River of Arkajzsas. It is a remarakable fact concerning the Eureka Springs 
that they will cure kidne)' troubles in any form; few cases of sore eyes 
treated by the water have been known to give any more trouble, and it 
will j^et be the greatest cure in the world for kidney troubles, Bright's 
•disease, all eye troubles, all female troubles, stomach weakness and any 
skin affection. The Frisco Line has made every airangement for the con- 
venience and dispatch of travel to the place. 




212 



MISSOURI. 



Missoiui fell to the share of France, 
by virtue of the discoveries of 
Marquetto and Joliet, in 1673, and 
La Salle and Hennepin, in 1682. A 
settlement arose at St. Genevieve 
about the year 1750; in 1720 the 
French founded fort Orleans for the 
Indian fur trade and to hold in check 
the Spaniards, advancing from Mexico. 
Within a few years the Missouri 
Indians destroyed this establishment. 

The site of St. Louis was selected 
by Pierre Laclede Ligueste, who 
sent Auguste Chouteau to found a 
village there in 1764, for the head- 
quarters of Maxent, Laclede & Cie. 
When Illinois passed into English 
hands, many French families went {o 
dwell along the shores of the Mis- 
souri under the benign laws of Spain, 
trading in furs with the northwestern 
Indians and farming along the rich 
bottom lands. 

Daniel Boone, the pioneer of 
Kentucky, became a Spanish subject 
in Missouri in l797, and was made 
Syndic of the Femme-Osage district. 
In 1769 Blanchette foimded Charles, 
as a military post. The Louisiana 
Purchase made by the United States 
from Napoleon in 1803 included 
Missouri, which became a Territorj'- 
in 1812 and a State in 1834. 

In 1808 Chouteau and Lewis effec- 
ted a treaty with the Osages, pushing" 
back their frontier to Fort Clark, 
above Lexington, and gaining millions 
of acres for settlement. Then and 
after the War of 1812; Tousands 
of immigrants poured in from Ken- 
tucky, Tennessee and the Carolinas. 
The application of Missouri to be 



admitted to the Union in 1818, was 
followed b)^ a long period of angry 
discussion, the Northern States being 
sternly opposed to the creation of 
another slave-holding commonwealth, 
while the Southern people mamtained 
that since slavery had always existed 
in Missouri under the French and 
Spanish governments, it could not 
be legally abolished. Finally the 
famous Missouri Compromise went 
into effect, bringing the new State 
into the Union with her existing 
social system, but excluding slaveiy 
from all the rest of the Louisiana 
Purchase north of 369 30'. 

The first steamboat in Missouri 
waters was the Enterprise, in 1815, 
the first to reach St. Louis was the 
Gen. Pike, in 1817; the first to 
ascend the Missouri was the Indepen- 
dence, which reached Franklin and 
Chariton in 1819. 

At the outbreak of the late civil 
war, the governor endeavored to lead 
Missouri into the company of the 
Confederate States and a part of the 
General Assembl}' declared the 
existing ties between Missouri and 
the United States to be dissolved ; 
but the people remained faithful, 
elected a convention which voted 
heavily against Secession and deposed 
the General Assembl}' and the 
Governor. Governor Jackson thereu- 
pon proclaimed the State to be "a 
sovereign, free and independent 
Republic" and large Confederate 
armies assembled in the southwest. 
Lyon with four Missouri regiments 
broke up the encampment of neutral 
State troops and pressed the Southern 



213 



forces into the Ozark Mountains; he 
then marched against the enemy in 
the South and was killed at Wilson 
Creek, his troops were defeated in 
a terrible six-hours battle. Missouri 
contributed 108, 777 soldiers to the 
National Army, and 30,000 to the 
Confederate arm.j,-oi: 60 per cent of 
its men subject to military duty. Of 
these 27,000 died in the two services. 
This was the only Slave State to 
voluntarily abolish human slavery, 
which was done early in 1865 by a 
convention elected by 30,000 majority. 
Lincoln's Proclamation of Emanci- 
pation did not apply to this State, 
and of her own accord she freed 
her 114.000 negroes, valued at 
S 40,000,000. After the war, Missouri 
repealed her stringent emergency 
legislation; declared a general am- 
nesty; and became a liberal Demo- 
cratic State. 

Missouri is from 360 to-40» 30' North 
Latitude, and from 89° 21' to 95» 
44' West Longitude. 

The name of Missouri means "Big 
Muddy", and was applied by the 
Indians to the river which still bears 
it, pouring dowai in the springtime 
laden with the }^ellow mud of miles 
of prairie. Missouri used to be 
called also the "The Iron Mountain 
State" or "The Bullion State". 
The population of Missoui-i was in 
1860: 1,182,012 
1890: 2,679,184, 
of which number 154,131 are colored. 
7^/ie Missouri River. The restless 
tnrbid waters of this manificent river 
tlovi' fretfully, 3,096 miles from their 
sources in the remote west to their 
debouchure in the Mississippi, not 
far above the city of St. Louis. 

The Missouri is navigable for 
steamboats, except for periods of 
extreme drought, 2,575 miles, from 
its mouth to the fort of the Great 
Fall. 

The Yellow Stone, one of the 
principal tributaries of the Missouri, 
rises in the same range of mountains 
with the main stream. It enters 
from the south by a mouth 250 
)'ai;ds wide, and is a broad and deep 
river, having a course of about 
1,600 miles. 

The Platte, another of its great 
tributaries, rises in the same range 



of mountains with the parent stream 
and, measured by its meanders, is 
supposed to have a course of about 
2,000 miles before it joins that river. 

The Kansas is a very large trib- 
utary, having a coiirse of about 1,200 
miles, and is boatable for most of 
the distance. 

The Osage is a large and import- 
ant branch of the Missouri; it is 
boatable for 660 miles, and inter- 
locks with the waters of the Ai-- 
kansas. 

The Gasconade, boatable for 66 
miles, is important from having on 
its banks extensive pine forests, from 
which the great supply of plank and 
timber of that kind is brought to 
St. Louis. 

BOONVILLE, Mo. 
The terminus of the Versailles 
and Boonville Branch of the Mis- 
souri Pacific R. R. on the Missouri. 
A lively- town, surrounded by vine- 
yards and mines. It is 108 mis, 
from Hannibal, Mo. and has 4,000 
inhabitants. 

CANTON, Mo. 
A neat and liA^ely village of Mis- 
souri on the Mississippi, 30 miles 
north of Hannibal, is mostl}^ remar- 
kable as seat of the Missouri 
Christian University. The population 
of the city is about 2,000. 

CARTHAGE, Mo. 
The metropolis of south-west 
Missouri, on the Missouri Pacific 
R. R. and also on the St. Louis & 
San Francisco -R. R., an important 
city of some 8,000 inh. near the 
Spring River, which furnishes fine 
water-power, driving flour and 
woolen-mills, machine shops, and 
manufactories of plows, carriages, 
etc. It is 116 mis. from Kansas 
City. 

COLUMBIA, Mo. 
A town of some 5,000 inh. in 
Missouri, is mostly remarkable as 
seat of the State University, opened 
in 1840, with 28 professors and 
620 students, partly women. The 
University has connected with it 
the land-grant Agricultural College, 
with a veterinary laboratoiy, horticul- 



214 



tural gardens, and a productive 
farm. Columbia is the terminus of 
the Columaia Branch of the Wabash 
Western R. R., diverging at Cen- 
tralia, 124 mis. from SL Louis and 
153 from Kansas cit}^ The branch- 
line is 22 miles long. 

JEFFERSON CITY, Mo. 

The capital of Missouri, upon the 
Missouri River, 125 miles west of 
St. I^ouis, by the Pacfic Railway, or 
155 miles by steamboats up the 
riyer. Jefferson City is on the 
great route to Kansas, Nebraska, 
Utah, California, and all the Rocky 
Mountain region. It is well built 
and Ins a wealthy population ol 
Missouri is a fine stone edifice, 
erected, in 1860, and enlarged from 
1881 to 88. 

HANNIBAM, Mo. 

The sixth largest cit}^ of Missouri 
upon the Missisippi, 153 mis above 
St. Louis aud 20 mis. below Ouincy 
with 12,857 inh., an important 
Mississippi port and railway-center, 
with large shippmg and manufac- 
turing interests. It is one of the 
northern termini of the Missouri, 
Kansas & Texas R. R., and several 
other important railwaj^s con- 
verge here. 

KANSAS CITY, Mo. 

A very important and flourishing 
niannfacturing and railwa}^ center, on 
the left bank of the Missouri River, 
just below its confluence with the 
Kansas River, with 132,176 inhabit- 
ants. Three fine bridges span the 
Missouri River, affording some good 
specimens of enginecn'ing skill. 
Grand Central Depot, Opera House, 
Custom House, Board of Trade and 
•Court Hausc. The beautiful Lake 
Fairement is worth a visit. 

Agents of the North German Lloyd : 

■ W. W. Avery, Chief Clerk K. C. 
P. & G. R. R., Kansas Citv, Mo. 



MEXICO, Mo. 

A busy city of 4,789 inh., 325 mis. 
from Chicago, on the Chicago and 
Alton R. R., at the junction with 
the Wabash R. R. The seat of the 
Hardin College for Women and 
other educational institutions. 

NEVADA, Mo. 

An industrial city and railroad 
center in western Missouri, hear the 
Kansas boundary, 232 mis. from St. 
Louis. It has a population of some 
8,000 The main line of the Missouri 
Pacific R. R., aud the Missouri, 
Kansas & Texas meet here. 

SEDALIA, Mo. 

One of the large central cities of 
Missouri with some 14,000 inh., a 
nest of factories and convergence of 
railways, sm-rounded by rich farming 
land. It is built on one of the 
highest swells of a rolling prairie 
and its principal street is 120 ft 
wide, finety shaded, and has many 
handsome buildings. 

Railroads: Missouri Pacific; Mis- 
souri, Kansas Texas. 

SPRINGFIELD, Mo. 

One of the large central cities of 
Missouri, having a population of 
some 21,850. It is the first station 
of much importance on the route 
from St. Louis to San Francisco by 
the St. Louis San Francisco R. R., 
238 miles from St. Louis. It is 



215 



Uie most important settlement of 
southwestern Missouri, and notable 
as the seat of Drury College, a large 
Congregational institution with 165 
students, and some other educational 
establishments. Sprmgfield is a large 
railroad-center also. Here junction 
is made with the Kansas, P'ort Scott 
and Memphis R. R. 

ST. JOSEPH, Mo. 

A yeiy remarkable industrial and 
railway center with some 52,000 inh. 
upon the Missouri River, 340 miles 
above Jefferson City and 496 miles, 
by water, from St. Louis. It is the 
most important place in the western 
part of Missouri and a great point of 
departure for the western emigrants. 

Railroads : Chicago, Bm"lington & 
Ouincy; Chicago Rock Island & 
Pacific; Chicago, St. Paul & Kansas 
City; Hannibal & St. Joseph, 

Agents of the North GermanLloyd: 
Carl Ftielling, St. Joseph, Mo. 



ST. LOUIS, Mo. 

The metropolis of Missouri, is one 
of the oldest, the largest and the 
most important cities in America. It 
is admirably situated on the Missis- 
sippi not far from the confluence 
of the Missom-i and the Illinois, and 
hence occupies a remarkably strategic 
position with regard to the great 
rivers of the continent. It covers 
40,000 acres, with a river front of 
19 miles, and rises in some localities 
200 feet ahove the Mississippi. The 
22 railways converging at St. Louis, 
and her immense river-navigation, 
have given her control of the trade 
of the Mississippi Valley and the 
Southwest. St. Louis is also pne of 
the foremost cotton centers, the re- 
ceipts reaching 600,000 bales a year. 

St. Louis lies upon the right bank' 
of the Mississippi river, 20 miles 
below the entrance of the Missouri, 
aud 174 miles above the mouth of 
the Ohio. It is 744 miles below I itan fame, 
the Falls of St. Anthony, and I The United States Arsenal is a 

217 



1.194 miles above the city of New 
Orleans. 

The most prominent structui"e of 
St. Louis is the great St. Louis 
Bridge, crossing the Mississippi. 
The Merchants' Bridge was built 
across the Mississippi in 1889—90, 
at a cost of $6,000,000. It is 2i,2 
miles north of the Ead Bridge and 
2,240 feet long. It is used only for 
raikoad purposes. 

The city is, ' for the most part, 
regularly laid out, the streets near 
the river running parallel with its 
cui-ve, while farther back they are 
generally at right angles with those 
running west from the river-bank. 
From the Levee, or river-front, the 
streets running north and south arc- 
named numerically, beginning with 
Main or 1 st St., 2 d. St., 3 d. St., 
etc., up to 25 th St., with the single 
exception of 5 th St., which is called 
Broadway. Streets running east and 
west, and those west of Jefierson 
Ave., or, 26 th St., are named ar- 
bitrarily or from some historical 
association. The houses are num- 
bered on the "Philadelphia system" 
— i. e., each block starts with a 
new hundred, all streets running 
parallel to the river being numbered 
north and south from Market St., 
while on all streets running eas, 
and west the numbering begins at 
the Levee. 

There are many remai'kable public 
buildings. One of the finest is the 
Court-House, occupying the square 
bounded by 4 th, 5 th, Chestnut, and 
Market St. It is built in the form 
of a Greek cross, at a cost of 
% 1,200,000. The City Hall is 
another excellent edifice of brick 
and stone, erected at a cost of 
% 2,000,000. The Fom- Courts is a 
spacious limestone building, in Clark 
Aye., between llth and 12th Sts., 
erected at a cost of $ 1,000,000. In 
the rear, is an iron jail, semicircular 
in form, and so constructed that all 
the cells are under the observation 
of a single watchman at once. The 
Custom-House, including Post-Office 
and U. S. Sub-Treasury, is on the 
block between Olive, Locust, 8 th, 
and9lh Sts. and worthy of metropol- 




218 



Anheuser-Busch Brewing Ass'n, 



THE LEADING BREWERY 
Brewers of the Most Wholesome 

The Original 

Budweiser 

The Michelob 

Tlie Muenchener 



THE WORLD, 
and Popular Beers. 




The Faust 
TheAnheuser 
The Pale Lager 



Served on all Pullman Dining and Buffet Cars. 

Served on all Wagner Dining and Buffet Cars. 

Served on all Ocean and Lake Steamers. 

Served in all First Class Hotels. 

Served in the Best Families. 

Served in all Fine Clubs. 

Carried on nearly every Man-of-War and Cruiser. Served at most of the 
United states Army Posts and Soldiers' Homes. 

\ Greatest Tonic, "Malt-Nutrine" the Food-drink, is prepared 
this Association. 

O. MEYER & Co. 

Nos. 24 to 27 West Street; Telephone No. 2795 Cortland Sf. 

and 109 

No. 12th Ave and ISOlu Street; Telephone No. 3 Harlem. 

Sole Agents and Wholesale Dealers in NEW YORK. 

219 



g-rand structure in the southeast pai't 
of the city; and 13 miles below, on 
the river banks, are the Jefferson 
Barracks, one of the most important 
recruiting stations of the U. S. Army. 

Washington University. 17 St. and 
Waslungton Ave., occupies a large 
building with numerous laboratories. 

There are also Concordia College, 
the Lutheran theological seminary 
m a handsome new Gothic Building; 
the School for the Blind with 
accomodation for 100 children; the 
Mercantile Librai-y Association; the 
St. Louis University, an important 
Jesuit institution, with the Academy 
of Science; and many other prom- 
inent educational institutions. 

One of the chief attractions in the 
cit}^ is an enterprise, which has 
made St. Louis lamous all over the 
world; that is the Anheuser Busch 
Biewery. Visitors should not fail 
to inspect the gigantic brewer}^ of 
the Anheuser Busch Brewing Associ- 
ation. This Brewery covers a total 
ai-ea of over fifty ci'ty blocks. 

It is a city in itself; a mammoth 
establishment, the splendid appliances 
of which, wholly in keeping with 
the most advanced modern processes, 
make it the model institution of 
brewing industry of the world. 

This enterprise was founded in 
1857, by the late Eberhard Anheuser, 
who associated with him, in 1865 
Mr. Adolphus Busch. Upon the 
death of Mr. Anheuser in 1880, Mr. 
Busch succeeded to the presidency 
of the association and general 
management of the business. 

The Brewer}^ has an actual brewing 



capacity of 2,000,000 banels per 
yeai", and its output in 1897 amounted 
to 7G5,520 barrels, and 31,056,200 
bottles. There is hardly a city of 
importance in the United States, 
without ,a branch of the Anheuser 
Busch Brewing Association. Its 
best known brands, such as' the 
Budweiser, Michelob, Muenchener, 
Faust, Anheuser-Staudard and Pale 
Lager are to be found in all the 
Dming and Buffet Cars, Ocean and 
Lake Steamers and m all first-class 
establishments. 

Visitors to the Brewer}^ are gra- 
ciously received by the management, 
the staff of which is composed of 
Mr. Adolphus Biisch President, Mr. 
August A. . Busch Vice-President, 
Mr. Adolphus Busch Jr. Second Vice- 
President, Mr. Eugene Muehlemann 
Secretary and Treasurer. 

In the vicinitv of the City are the 
beautiful Tower Grove and Forest 
Park's embellished with statutes and 
fountains. The Botanical' (Shaw's) 
Garden is rich in flowers, native 
and exotic. 

The principal railroads are: Mis- 
souri Pacific; Union Pacific, Atchison 
Topeka & Santa Fe; Pittsbur-g, Cin- 
cinnati.Chicago & St. Louis ; Cleveland. 
Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis; 
Missoiui, Kansas & Texas; Wabash, 
St. Louis & St. Francisco. 

Agents of the North German Lloyd : 

Fourt Nat' I Bank, Cor 4th & 

Olive Sts.. St. Louis, Mo. 



220 




221 




IVliSSOURI PACIFIC SYSTEM. 

■ Among the prominent railways of 

North America none, traverses a more 

interesting or promising section than does 

the g. eat Missouri Pacilic Railwa}' System. 

The superior equipment of this road, its 

tlirough cat service to the principal cities 

of the West, . South and Southwest, 

together with the facilities provided for 

shi])piijg live stock of all kinds, and the easy and rapid handling of all 

agj icultural jnoducts. form extraordinar}' inducements to the traveler for 

pleasure and to the liomcseeker. 

After leaving the St. Louis Union Station the line passes through 
a verj' fertile farming and fruit-producing section of Missouri, and man}' 
of the most important commercial cities of the state. One hundred and 
twenty-five miles from St. Louis is the state capital, Jefferson City, a 
large and prosperous city, on the Missouri River. 

Sedalia, a town of about 20,000, is five hours ride from St. Louis, 
and almost in the exact centre of the state. From here the line runs by 
either of two routes to the "Midland Metropolis", Kansas City. In the 
magnitude of its dealings in Stock and packing Kansas City is second 
only to Chicago. Nearly forty per cent of the cattle in the United 
States is in territory tributary to Kansas City. 

The line from here to Omaha passes through numerous villages 
and towns which show evidences of a siibstantial prosperity, and reaches 
Atchison, Kans. From here a branch, with trains at convenient times, 
runs to St. Joseph, Mo., an important wholesale cit}\ • Omaha, Nebraska, 
the terminus of one of this roads numerous branches, has a vast territory 
tributary, reached only by the railways centering there. The United 
States census of 1890 gives Omaha a population of 140,452, to which, in 
considering the commercial features of the city must be added that of 
South Omaha, w^hich^ though a separate municipality, is virtually one with 
the larger city. At Omaha, from June to November, 1898 .will ba held 
the Trans -Mississippi and International Exposition. The grounds are 
within the city limits, and easy of access by both Street and steam rail- 
ways. Th? Missouri Pacific Railway gives superior service between 
Omah;i and Kansas and Missouri, 

222 







imm$[w^ 



^. 







LlillL liM$mk 




The main line ol the road, with its various branches and con- 
nections, forms a network over the Entire state of Kansas, reaching all 
the principal towns and cities, including Wichita Topeka, Fort Scott, 
Leavenworth, Lincoln, the capital of Nebraska is also reached by the 
Missouri Pacific Railway. Tkrough cars are run from St. Louis over the 
main line and its branches to nearly all the important places of the West, 
Pullman buffet sleeping cars are operated from St. Louis to Denver, Colo., 
passing through Colorado Springs, whence a branch line takes the 
traveller to the far-famed Manitou, Stopovers are allowed that tourists 
may visit Manitou without any inconvenience in regard to tickets. 

Whether on business or on pleasure bent, the traveler will find 
this the best route to the West. 

To the man of enteiprise, and action, who, having capital to invest 
in manufacturing, agricultural or commercial ventures^ desires a rapid and 
sure increase therein, or to the man whose capital is his ability, no other 
section of the country offers so many and so great advantages as the 
marvellous region reached via the St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern 
Railway, better known as the "Iron Mountain Route". 

Leaving the St. Louis Union Station — the largest and most 
magnificent railway station in the world, — this route operates daily 
through Pullmann Buffet Sleeping cars between St. Louis and all the 
principal cities and health resorts of the Southwest, making direct connec- 
tion at St. Louis Union Station with Eastern lines from New York and 
Atlantic Coast points. The line traverses a country exceptionally rich in 
natural resources. 

Starting from St. Louis the train winds along the bank of the 
Mississippi River. After crossing the picturesque Meramec River the road 
passes through De Soto, an old French settlement, now a busy town of 
about five thousand. Here are located the shops of the Iron Momitain 
Route, which furnish employment to a large number of mechanics. 

Winding hills and valleys, the. rugged bluffs of Missouri affording 
scenery that rivals the far-famed Hudson, the line passes through Mineral 
Point, Irondale, Bismarck, Iron Mountain, Pilot Knob and Ironton , places 
whose names indicate the nature of the country; or, if they did not, it 
might be gathered from the dark red patches of soil, visible on every 
hand. For the pilgrim is now in the great iron and lead mining region 
of Missouri. 

Beyond here the line passes through the beautiful Aixadia Valley, 
through the heart of the Ozark Mountains and ariives at Poplar Bluff, 
where connection is made with the branch from Cairo. 

At Knobel the through car from St. Louis to Memphis leaves the 
main line, affording a pleasant and rapid trip. 

At Bald Knob ninety-one miles from Memphis and two hundred 
and eighty-eight from St. Louis, the trains from Memphis to Little Rock, 
Hot Springs and Texarkana are consolidated with the through trains on 
the main line; the train that leaves Memphis in the morning connects 

223 11 



with the East Government Mail, and the one leaving there in the morning, 
with the day express that leaves St. Louis in the morning. 

From Bald Knob to Little Rock the lir.e passes through one of 
the best fruit-producing regions, that fiu'nishes large quantities of berries 
and peaches to the markets of the North and East. 

From Little Rock the Houston Central Ai'kansas and Northern 
Division of the- Iron Mountain Route, also the Little Rock and Arkansas 
Valley Division, leave the main line for Arkansas City, Arkansas and for 
Monroe and Alexandria, La., making at this last point direct connection 
for New Orleans. At Malvern 388 miles, from St. Louis the Hot Springs 
Ry. connects the Iron Mountain Route with th,at resort. Stopover at Malv- 
ern is allowed on all through tickets over the Iron Mountain Route, 
which is an additional inducement to the traveler to select this route to 
the South and Southwest. 

Pullman Buffet Sleeping Cars and Free Reclining Chair Cars are 
operated Memphis and Hot Springs, and St. Louis and Hot Springs. 

After passing through a rich and fertile district, largely given to the 
production of fruit, the line reaches its terminus, Texarkana, the "Gateway 
to Texas". — Here connection is made for all points in Texas and the 
Winter Resorts of the Pacific Coast. Here is made direct connection for 
Laredo, the short line to the City of Mexico. 

The Irott Mountam Route, in connection with the Texas and Pacific 
and Southern Pacific Railways, constitutes the True Southern Route, to 
Los Angeles and the health resorts of California. This is beyond question 
the best route to Los Angeles, passing as it does through a pleasant and 
agreeable climate, subjecting the traveler to no annoyance of cold, nor 
to the danger and delay of snow blockades. 

The Equipment of these through trains is superexcellent; the Pull- 
man Buffet Sleeping Cars rival in the magnificence of their appointments 
the completeness of a metropolitan hotel. They are upholstered in the 
best style, have lavatories, smoking rooms, are heated by steam, and all 
conveniences that can, in any manner, minister to the convenience and 
comfort of the traveler have been provided. 

Passengers from the East can purchase tickets dii"ect to all principal 
pomts in Texas from agents of any of the lines whose western termini 
are at St. Louis, making certain that these tickets read via the Iron 
Mountain Route. 

Passengers from points south of the Ohio River can obtain similar 
tickets from agents of all lines centering at Memphis. 



224 



MONTANA. 



Is an Indian word meaning "the 
country of the mountains," and was 
visited by the French explorer 
Verendrye and his brother as early 
as 1743—44. The Lewis and Clarke 
expedition was here in 18o5, and 
named the three forks of the Missouri 
respectively, Gallatin, Madison, and 
Jefferson. 

Montana is one of the youngest of 
the States, and lies on both sides 
of the great continental divide of 
the Rocky Mountains, and extends 
along a distance eastward over 
rolling bunch-gi"ass plains. It has 
an area of 143,776 square miles, or 
92,ol6,64o acres. It is an exceedingly 
picturesque region comprising many 
magnificent mountain ranges, with 
beautiful fertile valleys between them, 
noble rivers and immense prairies 
covered with grass. 

The eastern part of Montana is 
a pastoral coimtry, where cattle, 
horses, and sheep are raised in large 
numbers. Horses and cattle range 
the veEir round, feeding all winter 
on tne dried bunch-grass, cured by 
. the sun and winds of the summer. 
In the central and western portions 
of the State farming is carried on by 
the aid of irrigation in the valleys, 
and very heavy crops of wheat, oats, 
and barley are produced. Springs 
and melting snows of the mountains 
give rise to a great number of 
streams, which flow fullest in the 
summer season, when they are 
needed for irrigation. The natural 
slope of the land in the valleys 
makes the construction of ditches 
inexpensive. Wheat yields from 
25 to 4o bushels per acre, weighing 
from 61 to 65 pounds to the bushel, 
and from 4o to 55 bushels are 
frequently raised with a little extra 



skill and care in the work of irriga- 
tion. Oats yield 6o to 9o bushels to 
the acre. Barley is one of the most 
profitable crops; the quality of this 
grain is such that it is in constant 
demand for the making of malt in 
the great brewing centers of the 
East. Potatoes yield heavily, and 
are solid and of excellent flavor. 
The population of the State is about 
175,000, a large number of whom 
are engaged in mining and stock- 
raising. 

Montana sends every year about 
lOO.OOO head of cattle eastward to 
the markets of St. Paul, Minneapolis, 
and Chicago. These cattle come off 
the open ranges and receive no care 
in winter or summer. The bunch- 
grass of the mountains, plains, and 
foothills is the most nutritious grass 
in the world and produces remarkably 
sweet, tender, and juicy beef. Sheep- 
raising is another great industry 
in Montana; the profits are large, 
the wool returning at least 25 per 
cent of the investment in the flock, 
while the anual increase of the flock 
ranges from 7o to 9o per cent. 
Montana horses have already made 
a reputation for speed on the race- 
courses of the East. The dry, pure 
air gives them remarkably good 
development of lungs, and as they 
are raised on open ranges, where 
they have free run, they are hardy 
and healthy. 

The great industry of Montana is 
mining for the precious metals. Silver 
and gold ores are found in all the 
mountainous regions of the State, and 
the total annual output of the precious 
metals, including copper and lead, 
amounts to about $ 45,000,000_. The 
recent depression in the price of 
silver has directed fresh attention to 



225 



11* 



gold-bearing quartz and gold-placer 
ground, which can be worked by 
hydraulic methods, and the output 
of gold is constantly increasing. 
Silver minmg will, however, always 
continue to be one of the leading- 
industries of the State. Montana 
has the most productive silver mines 
in the world, the most important 
copper mine, and many of the richest 
gold mines. Lignite and bituminous 
coal of good quality are to be had 
at a number of pomts for domestic 
and locomotive fuel, and for making 
coke for the use of the mills. 

ANACONDA, Mon. 
Montana Union Ry. Population 
10,000, forty-two miles south of 
Garrison, is a noted mining town, and 
smelting works and copper refinery 
are within half a mile of the town; 
2,000 men are employed at these 
works. The „Montana," is one of 
the finest hotels in the West. The 
Montana Union Ry.'s machine and 
car shops employ 200 men. Large 
foundry and machine shops, good 
schools and churches, water-works, 
electric-light plant, electric railway 
running to Carroll, two miles distant, 
at which point are located the "Lower 
Works" of the Anaconda Smelting Co., 
are a few of the many evidences of 
prosperity at Anaconda. All branches 
of trade are represented and are 
upon a solid basis, This is the 
county seat of Deer Lodge county. 

ARLEE, Mon. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. In the Jocko 
Valley on the Flathead Indian 
Reservation, population 25, has one 
hotel and one store. All supplies 
for the Flathead Indian Agency, four 
and one-half miles northeast, are 
received at this point. 

AVON, Mon. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. On little Black- 
foot River, has one hotel, store, livery 
stable, etc. Shipments are prin- 
cipally wool and lumber. Surrounded 
by fine country adapted to farming 
and stock raismg. Fine fishing, also 
large and small game plentiful. 

BASIN, Mon. 
M. U. R. Boulder Branch. Popula- 



tion 1,000. Has nine stores, three 
hotels, two public halls, school, two 
livery stables, blacksmith shops 
newspaper. The mining industry 
here now employs 200 men and is 
still increasing, 

BELGRADE, Mon, 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 250, 
situated in the heart of the famous 
GallatinValley, has fine school, church, 
three blacksmith shops, three general 
stores, lumber yard, two elevators, 
capacity 250,000 bushels. Good trout 
fishing, and small game in abundance. 

BIG TIMBER, Mon. 
N. P. R. L. S.'D. On the Yell and 
Boulder rivers, population 1,000, 
county seat of Sweet Grass County, 
has two hotels, three general stores, 
two hardware stores, one bank, etc. 
Is the outlet for an almost exclusively 
stock raising,wo ol growing and mining 
section. Game and fish are plenty. 

BILLINGS, Mon. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Is the county 
seat of Yellowstone county; the 
commercial, financial. Railroad, and 
distributing center for the country 
for a radius of one hundred and 
fifty miles. Situated at the first 
crossing of the beautiful Yellowstone 
River, it has a population of 3,000 
people. Water-works, electric lights, 
two high schools, first class hotels, 
county jail, court house, four churches, 
wholesale and retail groeery, hai-d- 
ware, dry goods, and drug houses, 
two newspapers, complete fire com- 
pany, building and loan society, 
board of trade, and two national 
banks with $ 200,000 capital, and 
individual deposits of over $ 500,000, 
It is the largest wool-shipping point 
in the State, over 4,00O,< 00 pounds 
having been shipped during 1893. 
Situated at the mouth of the famous 
Yellowstone Valley, with an irrigat 
ing ditch thirty-nine miles in length, 
besides the Canyon Creek and other 
smaller ditches, this valley produces 
the choicest wheat, oats, barley,' 
vegetables, and small fruits of all! 
kinds, besides apples, corn, and alfalfjt 
and other tame grasses. Located 
with in a valley to produce the needs 
of a city with 25,000 people, ever-, 
lasting stone quarries, cheap coal. 



226 



an abundance of water, and with its 
stock range to the north ad south 
for a distance of two hundred miles, 
Billings offers to the investor, or the 
home seeker, great inducements. 
2,000,000 acres of the once noted 
Crow Indian Reservation has been 
throvra open to settlement, furnishing 
homes and stock range for all that 
come, and within a few hours' drive 
of this city. Natural resources alone 
have made Billings all it is to-day, 
and with the location of the State 
Penitentiary buildings, and other 
very important industries, the settling 
up of the ceded part of the reserv- 
ation and the increasing stock in- 
dustries, establishes it for all years 
to come as a great city. Large and 
small game in abundance. The Bur- 
lington & Missouri River Ry. conn- 
ects with the Northern Pacific Rail- 
way at this point. 

BLOSSBURG, Mon. 
N. P. R. L. 8. D. Population 3 50, 
has two general stores, and a school. 
Noted for its large shipments of brick. 
Thirty-five thousand cords of wood 
shipped during 1894. 

BONNER, Mon. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 400, has 
one sawmill, capacity 140,000 feet per 
day, sash and door factory, flour mill, 
school, one general store, one hotel. 
Game: deer, mountain lion, elk, and 
mountain sheep and all small game. 

BOULDER, Mon. 
M. U. R. Boulder Branch. Popula- 
tion, 1,200, county seat of Jefferson 
county, and is the source of supplies 
for the rich mining region which 
surrounds it, and has a 100 ton 
capacity smelter. Three miles distant 
are the Boulder Hot Springs, noted 
for their curative powers; private 
and plunge baths open all the year. 
Five stores, three churches, three 
hotels, one bank, livery stables, 
public schools, weekly newspapers, 
and a court house, State deaf, dumb, 
and blind asylum. 

BOZEMAN, Mon. 

N. P. R. L. S. D. On the East 

GaUatin River, population 3,SOO, is 

the county seat and commercial center 

of Gallatin County. It has three 



miles of electric street railway, elec- 
tric light, and water-works plant, 
and a telephone system, two hotels, 
one opera house, city hall, five halls, 
a public libraiy, two fine public 
school houses, and the State Agri- 
cultural College, three weekly news- 
papers, three banks, seven churches, 
three flouriny- mills, four grain ele- 
vators, two planing mills, a brewery, 
fifty stores, U. S. Land Office, a 
Building and Loan Association, and 
a court house. Extensive coal mines 
are within eight miles, and large 
gold, silver, iron, and copper depo- 
sits near by. Both placer and quartz 
mines are being rapidly developed. 
The surrounding country, the Gallatin 
Valley, is famous as fine farm and 
grating land, well timbered oh the 
streams and mountains. Heavy crops 
of wheat, oats, rye, and barley are 
raised by irrigation. Large and 
small game and fish abundant, the 
famous grayling being found in the 
Upper West Gallatin." It is becom- 
ing very popular as a summer resort. 

BUTTE, Mon. 
N. P. R. Butte Line Population 
38,065, is located close to the main 
dividing range of the Rockies, on 
the west slope, near the head-waters 
of Clark's Fork of the Columbia. 
While not included within the cor- 
porate limits of Butte, Walkerville, 
Centreville, Burlington, Meadeville 
and numerous additions to the city 
are practically part of it, being 
connected by cable and electric rail- 
ways with the city. The combined 
population of these suburbs is, 23,955, 
making Butte's population really 
62,000. Butte is the county seat of 
Silver Bow county, and is the present 
western terminus of the branch line 
from Logan. It is also the southern 
terminus of the Montana Union Rail- 
way, and has its western outlet at 
Garrison station, 50 miles west of 
Helena. It has all the conveniences 
of an Eastern city, being lighted by 
electricity and gas; has a street 
railway system ol ten miles operated 
by steam motors, electric and cable 
lines, consolidated water company, 
a newly constructed system of 
sewerage, court house and jai], el- 
egant new opera house, new free 



227 



public libraiy, six banks, with large 
capital, new hotels, large stores, 
carrying heavy stocks of mei chandise, 
six newspapers, hospitals, first-class 
schools, two telegraph companies, 
telephone and district telegraph. 
Bi;tte is well known to be the largest 
and most prosperous mining city in 
the world. The products are prin- 
cipally copper and silver, together 
with some gold; 4,000 miners are 
employed within a radius of a mile 
and a half from the court house. 
There are over 4,000 mines patented 
in this district. Six smelteries and 
six silver mills run day and night 
reducing ores to copper matte and 
silver bullion. The largest mining 
companies are The Anaconda Com- 
pan}% owning the famous "Anaconda" 
and "St. Lawrence" copper mines, 
together with a group of copper, 
and silver mines partly developed 
of untold wealth, known as the 
"Chamber's Syndicate." The Boston 
& Montana Company, with a group 
of splendid copper properties, fore- 
mast of which may be mentioned 
the "Mountain View," "Lloyd & 
Harris," "Colusa," and many other 
bonanzas of note. The Butte & 
Boston Company ranks third, with 
a large and valuable group of silver 
and copper properties, smeltery and 
silver mills. The Parrot Company 
is one of the most prosperous 
corporations in the city, having 
splendid copper mines, the product 
of which is manufactmed into pig 
Copper arid shipped to the East. 
The Butte Reduction Works and 
Colorado Mining & Smelting Co. 
also own considerable property, and 
are large shippers of copper matte 
to the East. The principal silver 
mines and mills are the "Blue Bird," 
"Silver Bow," "Lexington," "Alice," 
"Moulton," and others of minor 
notice. The Anaconda Company 
ships 4,000 tons of copper-silver ores 
daily to their immense reduction 
works at Anaconda, which are by 
far the largest in the world. The 
product of copper, silver and gold 
m Silver Bow County for the year 
1893, reached the enormous sum of 
$748,786,77 in gold.and $8,311,130,82 
in silver, and yet the mining industry 
is still in its infancy in this district. 



The Boston & Montana and Butte 
& Boston Companies have just begun 
to develop their numerous mines 
recently acquired by purchase. Butte 
has the choice of two outlets to the 
main line of the Northern Pacific 
Railway, and has excellent train 
service in all directions. Two trains 
each way run daily between Butte 
and Helena and Missoula, The 
sm'rounding country is mountainous, 
consisting of grazing and timber 
lands. Shipments are chiefly gold 
and silver bullions, copper matte, 
and pig copper. Lumber and wood 
interests are very large, and a 
immense capital is invested in fur- 
nishing these commodities. 

CHICORY, Mon. 

N. P. R. Park Branch. Is the 
diverging point for Emigrant Gulch 
and Mill Creek Mining Camps, 
where the gravel pays from $ 2,25 
and upwards per cubic yard in gold. 

CINNABAR, Mon. 

N. P. R. Park Branch. Population 
150, one store, hotel, livery^, the 
terminus of the Park Branch, 51 
miles from Livingston , is the 
railroad station for the celebrated 
Clark' Fork Mines, the Gardiner 
River Mines, Bear and Crevice 
Gulch Mines; but its principal 
importance lies in that it is located 
at the entrance to the renowned 
Yellowstone National Park, and 
only six miles from the Mammoth 
Hot Springs and the Yellowstone 
Park Hotel, to which a line of fine 
Concord coaches are run. Low 
excursion. rates are made to the Park 
and thousands of tourists visited it 
the past season. This is the direct 
and only rail route to the Park. 

Cokedale Spur leaves the main 
line at a point four miles west of 
Livingston, Mon., running three and 
a half miles due west to Cokedale. 
Mon. Coal mines have been opened 
at this point, with tunnels driven to 
the extent of four or five thousand 
feet. Twenty -seven coke ovens are 
now in full operation, turning out 
coke in every way equal, if not 
superior, to Caonnellsville coke. 



228 



COLUMBUS, Mon. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Located on the 
Yellowstone, opposite the mouth of 
the Stillwater River, has a population 
of 250 people, with two hotels, two 
livery stables, four stores, weekly 
newspaper, one school house, black- 
smith shops, and one public hall. 
All kinds of game, including beaver, 
otter, mink, etc. Trout fishing very 
fine. 

CUSTER, Mon. 

N. P. R. L, S. D. Derives its 
name from Fort Custer, the largest 
military post in Montana, thirty 
miles south, reached by private con- 
veyance. Junction City, the river 
landing, is half a mile distant. 

DEER LODGE, Mon. 
Montana. Union Ry. Is on the 
M. U. Ry., 11 miles south of Garrison. 
It is located on the river of the 
same name, has a population of 1,300. 
It has four hotels, one bank, 15 
general stores, two newspapers, five 
churches, public school' and two 
colleges. The State Penitentiary is 
located here. The surrounding 
country is good farming land, produc- 
ing grain and vegetables. Shipments 
are grain, wool, stock, ore, hides, 
etc. AU kinds of large game and 
mountain trout abundant. The first 
discovery of gold in Montana was 
made, in Deer Lodge collnty. The 
quartz mines in the vicinity of Deer 
Lodge are being rapidly developed. 
The ore is of a rich quality, and 
gives large returns. 

DRUMMOND, Mon. — Granite Mt. 
Mining Region. 

N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 150 
has two hotels, two stores, livery 
and school house. Twenty-six miles 
to the south is the famous Philips- 
burg Mining District reached by 
the branch line to Rumsey. At this 
point are the mines of the Granite 
Mountain Mining Co., who have in 
continuous operation a 70-stamp raill. 
The Bi-Metallic MiningCo., adjoining 
the Granite, have equally as fine a 
bqdy of ore. They are now running 
20 stamps. Other mines adjacent 
are the Bath, West Granite, North 
Granite, San Francisco, Latoona, 



Blaine, and Princeton mines. The 
Philipsburg Branch connects with 
main line here, running 32 miles 
south. 

ELKHORN, Mon. 
M. U. R. Boulder Branch. Popula- 
tion 1,000, is a mining town on the 
Crow Creek Range, at the foot of 
Baldy Mountain. Several important 
milles are located near here, The 
Elkhorn Mining Company employ 
200 miners. There are six stores 
four hotels, church, school, etc. 

ELLISTON, Mon. 
N. R. R. L. S. D. Population 350, 
has two stores, two hotels, good 
school, shipped 20,000 cords wood 
1895, several good mines, (10,000 tons 
of ore shipped in 1895), also good 
fishing and hunting. 

FERRIS HOT SPRINGS, Mon. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. These noted 
Springs are situated but six miles 
from Bozeman, and can be easily 
reached at all times. 

FLORENCE, Mon. 

M. U. R. Bitter Root Branch. 
Population 100, has one store, two 
saw mills, one hotel, church, etc. 
Lumber is the principal shipment. 

FORSYTHE, Mon. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. On the Yellow- 
stone, has a population of 400 people, 
railroad round houses and repair 
shops, eight general stores, two 
hotels a chm-ch and good school. 
All kinds of game and fish. 

FRENCHTOWN, Mon. 
M. U. R. Desmet Branch. Popula- 
tion 150, has one general store, one 
hotel, one saw mill, church, school, 
etc. Situated in the Missoula River 
Valley and surrounded by farming 
lands. Shipments: Grain, hay, and 
lumber. Good fishing and hunting. 

FT. KEOGH, Mon. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Two miles west 
of Tongue River, and half a mile 
south of the Yellowstone, is a mili- 
tary post of nine companies. Res- 
ident population is 500. 



229 



GALLATIN, Mon. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Situated at the 
head of the Missouri River, formed 
by the intersection of the Madison, 
Jefferson, and Gallatin Rivers, has 
a good water power. One hotel, 
one store. Shipments : hay, flour, live 

GARRISON, Mon. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. On Hell Gate 
River near the mouth of the Little 
Blackfoot. Population, 105. Being 
at the junction with the Montana 
Union Ry. and the diverging point 
for Deer Lodge, Butte etc., makes 
it an important railroad point. Has 
hotel, store and school. Deer, bear, 
and grouse are found. Trout, plenty. 

GAYLORD, Mon. 
N. P. R. Butte Line. Population 
250. The Parrot Silver & Copper 
are located here. Much prospecting 
and development work is being done 
in the mountains near at hand. 

GLENDIVE, Mon. 

N. P. R. L. S. D. On the Yellow- 
stone River, county seat of Dawsoii 
county, is the junction of Missouri 
and Yellowstone Divisions, division 
headquarters with machine shops, 
round-houses, etc. Has a population 
of 1,500, three hotels, three churches, 
fine school building, court house, 
jail, one weekly newspaper, a wool 
warehouse, several stores, bank, an 
opera house, a fine race track, and 
is distributing point for a large area 
of fine country. Products are 
wheat, barley, corn, rye, oats and 
vegetables. Shipments are cattle, 
horses, sheep, and wool. Game: 
deer, antelope, prairie chickens, ducks, 
and geese. Stages run tri-weekly 
between here and Ft. Buford, distance 
eighty miles. 

GOLD CREEK, Mon. 

N. P. R. L. S. D. Eight miles west 
of Garrison. Valuable mines of silver 
and lead are being operated in the 
Dunklebeig Mining District, twelve 
miles distant. Gold mines at Pioneer, 
seven miles distant, are also being 
worked successfully. 

GRANTSDALE, Mon. 
M. U. R. Bitter Root Branch. 



Population 100, has one store, one 
hotel, hall, weekly newspaper, etc. 
Sleeping Child and Wilds Medical 
hot springs reached by stage, tri- 
weekly. This is the present terminus 
of the Bitter Root Branch, south 
from Missoula. Good farming lands 
near by. Fine hunting and fish ing 

HAMILTON, Mon. 
M. U. R. Bitter Root Branch. 
Population 2,000, situated on Bitter 
Root River. Three hotels, fine opera 
house, seating capacity 750, several 
stores, two weekly newspapers, 
complete water system and electi'ic 
light plant. Marcus Daly's Bitter 
Root Stock Farm is located here. 
Has a saw mill employing 250 men. 

HELENA, Mon. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. The capital of 
the State and county seat of Lewis 
and Clarke County, has a population 
of 13,834, and an assessed valuation 
for 1892 of $ 24,600,000. It is the 
commercial financial, railroad, and 
distributing center of the State. It 
has six national banks and two 
savings bank, with capital and surplus 
of $ 3,509,926.26. It has two Build- 
ing and Loan Associations, offices 
of four Loan Companies with capital 
of $ 5,000,000. United States Circuit 
Court, United States Land Office, 
United States Assay Office, offices 
of United States Marshal, Collector 
of Internal Revenue, Paymaster and 
Quartermaster United States Army, 
State Armory Building, County Court 
House, which cost $ 200,000, six 
large hotels, seventeen churches, an 
Auditorium with a seating capacity 
of 2,000, a club house, costing 
S 100,000, high school building, seven 
ward schools, and two Catholic school 
buildings, and Orphan's home, Epis- 
copal pai-ish school, and several 
private schools. Montana University 
(Methodist), a fine public library, 
supported by the city, two daily and 
five weekly newspapers, and four 
monthly periodicals, one opera house 
(seating capacity 1,000), four public 
halls, and a strong and influential 
Board of Trade. A military post has 
been established at Helena, which 
will become one of the principal 
points for the quartering of troops 



230 



in the Northwest. It has been 
sewerage system, inaugurated fn 1889. 
The plant of the Helena Consolidated 
Water Co. is valued at $ 2,500,000. 
It has eighteen miles of electric car 
lines, one electric light company, 
and one gas light company, and a 
power plant on the Missouri River, 
capable of transmitting 10,000 horse 
power by electricity, to the city, for 
manufacturing purposes. Its telegraph 
(Western Union andRockyMountain), 
telephone, district messenger and fire 
alarm service is complete. Its paid 
fire, department is well organized 
and fully equipped. It has two 
foundries, five planing mills, three 
breweries, one flouring mill, one 
cracker factory, one soap factory, 
with numerous other manufacturing 
establishments. Its jobbing and 
retail trade is large. Helena is 
situated in the center of a mineral 
region unsurpassed either in Montana 
or elsewhere for the number and 
richness of its gold and silver bearing- 
lodes, there being, within twenty- 
five miles, over 3,000 quartz lodes, 
which have been claimed and re- 
corded, and several hundred patented. 
Besides the gold and silver lodes, 
veins of galena, copper, and iron 
are found in great numbers. About 
twelve miles from the city, on the 
Missouri river bars, are the now 
world-famed sapphire fields, owned 
and operated by an English corpora- 
tion, capitalized at $ 2,250,000. The 
branch railroad to Wickes, Boulder, 
Basin, and Elkhorn, running 55 miles, 
south, opens up the celebrated mining 
districts and furnishes transportation 
to mines heretofore almost inacces- 
sible. That to Marysville, 22 miles 
west, opens up one of the richest 
gold fields in the State. The Prickly 
Peai" Valley, covering an ai"ea 15x25 
miles, lies north, east, and west of 
Helena, and is famous for its fine 
crops. The mountains are covered 
with "bunch" grass and good timber, 
and are excellent stock ranges. The 
export consists of large quantities of 
bullion and ore, cattle, sheep, wool, 
hides, sheep pelts, deer and elk skins, 
besides beaver and other furs. Large 
and small game abundant. Principal 
among the attractions of Helena are 
the celebrated Hot Springs. Hotel 

231 



Broadwater, and Natatorium, situated 
on the Northern Pacific, and electric 
lines, two ane one-half miles west 
of the court house, which are much 
resorted to by tourists, and by 
persons afflicted with rheumatism 
and other diseases. The temperature 
of the water, as it bubbles up fronni 
the earth, varies from 110" to 190" 
Fahrenheit. 

HUNTER'S HOT SPRINGS. 

Situated in the Foot Hills of the 
Crazy Mountains, two and a half 
miles from Springdale, Mont., on 
the line of the N. F. Ry., are Hunt- 
er's Hot Springs. The waters of 
these Springs are discharged at the 
rate of 2,ooo gallons per minute, 
their temperature being from 148 " to 
168 " Fahr., and are well known as 
containing medicinal properties for 
the cure of rheumatism, gout, neu- 
ralgia, lumbago, sciatica, dropsy, and 
all blood diseases. 

On account of the limited acconi- 
modations in the past, these Springs 
have never been brought prommently 
before the public, and were well 
known only through the West, being 
visited by large numbers of invalids 
and tourists from Dakota, Montana, 
Wyoming; Idaho and other Western 
pomts. 

New buildings have been erected 
which have ample accommodations 
for 75 guests, and the erection of a 
number of new cottages, is contem- 
plated care being taken to give every- 
one the best possible attention. 

The bath houses have been renov- 
ated and improved. At present 
there are in use a plunge bath, 15 
by 18 fefet, and fourteen tubs; also 
a new building with four tubs, plunge 
bath, and reading and dressing 
rooms. A plunge l)ath, 105 by 105 
feet, for use during the summer 
months, has lately been completed. 

Rates at the hotel are about $ 2,50 
per day, $ 15,00 per week, or $ 50,00 
per month. These charges include 
use of baths. 

Hacks transfer all passengers be- 
tween Springdale and the Springs. 
Livery charges for double team, 
seating four persons, $ 5,00 per day; 
saddle horses, $ 2,00 per day. 



The scenery surrounding Hunter's 
Hot Springs is exceedingly beautiful. 
Being situated in the Foot Hills of 
the Crazy Mountains, in a natural 
amphitheatre opening to the south, 
protected on the west, north and 
east by the Belt, Snowy and Bull 
Ranges of Mountains, the natural 
surroundings and climatic conditions 
are all that could be desired. The 
Springs are over 4,000 feet above 
the sea level, and some 140 feet 
above the level of the Yellowstone 
River, about two and a half miles 
distant. 

Extra fine hvmting, both large and 
small game; also very fine trout 
fishing in Yellowstone River. 

Round trip tickets to Springdale 
are on sale at St. Paul, Minneapolis, 
Duluth, and Ashland during the 
summer. 

JEFFERSON, Mon. 
M. U. R. Wickes Branch. 20 miles 
from Helena, has a population of 
200, one school, hotel, etc. This is 
the diverging point for the Boulder 
Branch to Calvin, 30 miles distant. 
The surrounding country is very rich 
in gold and silver. 

IRON MOUNTAIN, Mon. 
M. U. R. Desmet Branch. Is 
located on the Missoula River, op- 
posite .Superior, a town of about 
1,000 inhabitants. The surrounding 
country is rich in minerals. 

LAUREL, Mon. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 50, 
is the junction of the Northern Pacific 
Ry. and Rocky Fork Branch, which 
runs to Red Lodge. General store, 
hotel, school, hall, harness and 
blacksmith shop. 

LIVINGSTON, Mon. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. With 2,800 people, 
is located at the foot of the Belt 
Range of Mountains, and at the last 
crossing of the Yellowstone River. 
It has the largest railroad round 
house and machine shops between 
Brainerd and Portland, also four 
hotels, three banks, one hall, seventy- 
five to one hundred stores, three 
weekly newspapers, new court house 



and city hall, three schools and seven 
churches, two systems water-works 
— reservoir and steam. The Hotel 
Albemarle, three stories high, con- 
taining 100 rooms, is heated by steam 
and has hot and cold water through- 
out the house and complete system 
of electric light and electric bells. 
Good livery furnishes an opportunity 
to all for the many beautiful drives 
Livingston offers. Products: wheat, 
oats, barly corn, vegetables. Ship- 
ments: bullion, ore, coal, coke, live 
stock, wool, hides, lime, and brick. 
Game: elk, deer, antelope, beai-, 
mountain lions, wolves, foxes, grouse, 
curlews, geese, and ducks. Fish: 
grayling and trout. The branch 
line to the Yellozvsione National 
Park leaves the main hne at this 
point. The silver, coal and gold 
mines are being rapidly developed. 
Recent assays of ore from Cook 
City and other camps have been tho 
roughly satisfactory. 

LOGAN, Mon. 

N. P. R. L. S. D. Population lOO, 
is the diverging point from the main 
line and the "Butte Line" to Butte, 
and is situated on the Gallatin river. 
One general store, hotel, school, 
saloon, and livery. 

MANHATTAN, Mon. 

N. P. R. L. S. D. Is situated in 
the center of the beautiful Gallatin 
Valley, and on the banks of the West 
Gallatin River, which furnishes water 
power and abundant supply for 
irrigation. Population 100. Is the 
center of a most fertile farming 
country. Here is located the exten- 
sive barley farm of the Manhattan 
Malting Company. Also the largest 
grain elevator west of St. Paul. Also 
a large malt house. Has one commod- 
ious hotel, two smaller hotels, sev- 
eral stores, a fine school house, a 
livery stable, a lumber yard and a 
number of comfortable residences. 
Fresh water streams near by abound 
in fish, and there is plenty of game 
near at hand. The largest Irrigation 
canal in Montana, constructed by 
the West Gallatin Irrigation Company, 
is easly accessible from Manhattan. 
The lands of this company, considered 

52 



among the finest in the West, for 
agricultural purposes, are tributary 
to Manhattan. On these lands a 
flomishing colony of Hollanders is 
located, and other settlers are con- 
tinually arriving. 

MARYSVILLE, Mon. 
M. U. R. Marysville Branch. 
Population 1,520. This is the 
distributing point for several of the 
rich mines which are close at hand. 
It has graded schools, churches, 
several stores, large foundry and 
electric lights, also water plant; 
opera house with seating capacity for 
500. The famous Drum Lummon 
Gold Mine is located here. 

MILES, CITY, Mon. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. County seat of 
Custer county, on the Yellowstone, 
at the mouth of the Tongue Rivei", 
and has a population of l,500, thi'ee 
hotels, a U. S. Land Offihe, water 
works, live churches, two national 
banks, a court house, one daily and 
two weekly newspapers, one school 
building, opera house, two saw mills, 
two. brewei'ies and forty stores. A 
fine race track is located here, with 
accommodations for 300 horses. 
Products are oats, wheat, corn, bar- 
ley and potatoes. Shipments : stock, 
wool beef, hides, etc. Game : elk, 
blacktail deer, antelope, mountain 
sheep, bear, duck, grouse and sage 
hens. Fish: sturgeon, pike, catfish. 
Tri - weekly stage to Deadwood. 
Miles City is the banking and general 
business point for the large area 
of cattle country both north and 
south. of the Yellowstone River. 

MISSOULA, Mont. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. County seat of 
Missoula County, on Missoula River, 
with good water power, has popula- 
tion of 4,600. It is the distributing 
point for a large country around. 
It has two banks, seven hotels, large 
mercantile houses, two daily and 
four weekly newspapers, four public 
school houses, eight churches, lighted 
by electricity, has complete water 
works and sewerage systems, street 
car lines, planing null, sash and door 
factory, brewery, oat meal mill, two 
bottling works, brick, earthenware. 



and sewerpipe w^orks. United States 
Land Office is located here. The 
railroad round houses and shops 
and the Western Divisions Hospital 
of the Northern Pacific Railway are 
here. There is a large Catholic 
hospital and convent here, a free 
public library. University of Mon- 
tana located here, a good nre depart- 
ment, a telephone and two telegraph 
systems. Many rich mining prop- 
erties are being opened up all around, 
foremost among which are the Iron 
Mountain and Nine Mile mining 
companies property, both of which 
lie to the westward on the Northern 
Pacific, which runs from here to the 
rich Coeur d'Alene mining country. 
There are two large and fertile 
valleys lying to the south and west 
of Missoula. The foremost (the 
Bitter Root Valley), is traversed by 
a branch of the Northern Pacific 
System from Missoula to Grantsdale. 
Grain and vegetables of all kinds 
are raised in these valleys, and fine 
berries and fruits are grown both in 
Missoula and in these valleys. Four 
miles to the south lies Fort Missoula, « 
a United States military post of three 
companies of colored infantry and 
a band. Missoula is in the very heart 
of a game country; deer, bear, 
mountain lions, grouse, pheasants, 
etc., are in abundance, and the streams 
all about are fairly alive with brook 
trout. 

NORRIS, Mon. 
N. P.' R. Butte Line. Is a small 
town on Hot Spring Creek, three 
miles west of Red Bluff. Several 
valuble mines are being developed. 
Game; large and small. Fishing; 
trout and grayling. Shipmenls: 
ore and live stock. Two hotels, 
store, and livery stable. 

PARK CITY, Mon. 

N. P. R. L. S. D. On the Yellow- 
stone River, has 100 inhabitants, one 
hotel, two carpenter and wagon re- 
pair shops, one livery and feed stable, 
one blacksmith shop, four general 
stores and one school. Park City is 
in the center of an extensive tract 
of rich agricultural lands, in the 
western portion of what is known 
as "Clark's Fork Bottom", a beautiful 



23J 



meat market, livery, a graded public 
school, twenty-stamp gold quartz 
mill. The surrounding mines are 
being rapidly developed. Large and 
small game in abundance. North 
and South Willow Creek furnish 
trout and grayling. Shipments: 
ore, grain, and live stock. 

PRICKLY PEAR JUNCTION, OR 
EAST HELENA, Mon. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 8oo, 
is the junction point of the main 
line with the Wickes, Boulder, and 
Elkhorn Branches. Large smelting 
works of the United Smelting and 
Refining Co., costing $ 750,000, are 
located here, and have a capacity of 
250 tons per day. 

RAVALLI, Mon. 

N. P. R. L. S. D. A grovdng 

town in the Flathead Lake country, 

has one store and one hotel. This 

is the shipping point for St. Ignatius 

Mission, five miles north, and the 

Flathead Lake country, 70 miles 

north. Excellent fishing. Fur- 

for past twenty years. Other mines | bearing animals, beaver, fisher, 

adjacent: Sunrise, with twenty stamp marten, mink, otter, etc., found here 



valley from three to twelve miles in 
width. Products : wheat, oats, barley, 
rye, and vegetables, yielding pro- 
fitically; corn, 50 bushels per acre. 

PHILIPSBURG, Mon. 
M. U. R. Philipsburg Branch- 
County seat of- Granite county, 
situated in the center of Flint Creek 
valle\'. Has 3,000 inhabitants. Has 
two water companies, twenty-four 
stores, three drug stores, four 
churches, fine opera house, iron 
works, telephone exchange, two 
telegraph systems, lighted by electric- 
ity, brewery, high school building, 
two National banks: center of Granite 
Mountain and Flint Creek mining 
districts, headquarters for Granite 
Mountain Mining Co., who operate 
a seventy stamp mill at Mine, and a 
100 stamp mill at Rumsey, six miles 
distant; also Bi-Metallic Mining Co., 
who operate a 100 stamp mill, and 
lixiviating plant in connection 
(largest silver mill in United States); 
also Hope Mining Co., with a ten 
stamp mill in continuous operation 



mill, and reg^ular dividend payer. 
Combination Co., with twent}'^ stamp 
mill, and dividend payer. The 
Trout, Hobo, Shakespeare, Calhoun, 
Gem, and San Francisco are regular 
shippers: also supply point for the 
Red Lion gold district, and Rock 
Creek Placer and Sapphire mining 
districts. Large and small game 
abundant. Shipments, ore and 
bullion. 

PLAINS, Mon. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 200, 
is situated in a beautiful valley, 
near the Clark's Fork River, which 
is unsurpassed for agricultural pur- 
poses, while the foot-hills furnish 
fine grazing for stock. Shipments: 
principally cattle, lumber, hay, etc. 
Has two stores, hotel, church, etc. 

PONY, Mon. 
N. P. R. Butte Line. Population 
500, is located at the head of Willow 
Cx-eek Valley. It is the business 
centre of a large farming, stock- 
raising and mining district and has 
three hotels, two stores, two public 
halls, harness and blacksmith shops. 



in laige numbers. Shipments: furs, 
and hides. During the summer 
months there is a stage leaving here 
three times per week, for foot of 
lake, connecting with boat for Kalis- 
pell, Demersville, Egan, Colupibia 
Falls, and other town m the Flathead 
Valley country. 

RED LODGE, Mon. 
N. P. R. Rocky Fork Branch. 
Population 1,800, county seat of 
Carbon County, is a coal-mining 
camp, employing about 500 miners. 
It has one bank, twelve stores, a 
saw mill, school, churches, two bak- 
eries, opera house, seating capacity 
500; weekly paper, etc. Excellent 
hunting and fishing: large and small 
game abundant. This is present 
terminus of branch and is the outlet 
to a rich surrounding country. 

RIMINI, Mon. 
M. U. R. Red Mountain Branch- 
Red Mountain mining district, popula- 
tion 50, in Lewis arid Clarke county, 
at the foot of Red Mountain, has 
three hotels, one school, four general 



234 



stores, one drug store and other 
business houses. The names, of Red 
Mountain are distant from the city 
of Helena about seventeen miles. 
This mineral field covers an area of 
about twelve miles square, and con- 
tains vast deposits of gold, silver, 
copper lead, and tin. The district was 
discovered about twenty years ago, 
and there are now nearly three 
hundred mineral locations, and it 
may be truthfully said that it is the 
most important undeveloped mineral 
field in Montana, or even in the 
United States. There are in this 
mountain vast quantities of low grade 
silver ore, besides many lodes that 
carry very high grade ore, the 
entire mountain being thickly seamed 
with true fissure veins. 

RUMSEY, Mon. 
M. U. R. Philip sburg Branch. 
Population 300, is the terminus of 
the Phil. Branch. The Granite 
Mountain Mining Company have a 
one-hundred-stamp mill at this point 
which is connected with the mine 
and another ninety-stamp mill at 
Granite (one and three-quarters 
miles distant) by an elevated 
tramway. 

SAPPINGTON, Moii. 
N. P. R. Butte Line. Is a small 
town, the junction point for the 
branches to Pony and Norris. 

SILVER BOW JUNC, Mon. 
Montana Union Ry. Population 
100, is the junction point of Mon- 
tana Union and Utah & Northern 
R. Rs. The branch line to Butte 
leaves the main line of the Montana 
Union Ry. here. 

SPRINGDALE, Mon. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Near the Yellow- 
stone, is the station for the cele- 
brated hunters' i ot Springs, con- 
taining medicinal properties for the 
cure of rheumatism, gout, neuralgia, 
etc. These springs are only two and 
a half miles distant,- and are reached 
by hacks, which meet all passenger 
trains. There are accommodations 
for 75 people. Game and fish 
abundant. 



STEVENSVILLE, Mon., 
M. U. R. Bitter Root Branch. 
Population 800, has eight stores, 
five churches, two newspapers, one 
hotel, one furniture store, one school 
etc. This is the trading point for 
the lowqr portion of the Bitter Root 
Valley. Good mining near the 
town; fine hunting and fishing. 

STUART, Mon. 
Montana Union Ry. This is a 
small town at the junction of the 
Montana Union Ry, within the 
Branch line running to Anaconda. 
About the only thing of importance 
here is Gregson Hot Springs, distant 
2^2 miles. Good, hotel accommoda- 
tions, baths, etc., at the springs. 

TERRY, Mon. 

N. P. R. L. S. p. Population 75, 
situatedin abeautiful and fertile valley, 
has three stores, two hotels, one 
school house, livery stable, a wool 
ware-house, with a storing capacity 
of 400,000 ponnds, etc. This is one 
of the supply points for ranchmen. 
Shipments: sheep, wool, etc. 

THOMPSON FALLS, Mon. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 5oo, 
located at the Falls of the Clark's 
Fork River, has five stores, one 
hotel, school, saw mills, livery stable, 
weekly paper, two forwarding and 
commission houses, water works, 
two blacksmith shops, sash and door 
factory, etc. 

THREE FORKS, Mon. 
N. P. R. Butte Line. Population 
80, is situated one-half mile from 
the junction of the Jefferson, Madison 
and Gallatin rivers. Large smelters 
will be built at an early day, the 
water power being exceptionally 
fine. Large and small game abun- 
dant. Excellent fishing. 

TIMBER, LINE, Mon. 

N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 400, 

is principally a coal mining camp. 

The analysis made of this coal shows 

it to be of a very superior quality. 

TOSTON, Mon. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 200, 
has smelting' works, capacity ot 



235 



fifty tons ore daily. The surrounding 
mountains are full of rich gold and 
silver bearing lodes, some of which 
are being worked very successfully. 

TOWNSEND, Mon. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. On the Missouri 
River, has a population of 500, two 
hotels, one bank, one public hall, ten 
stores, a newspaper, a graded school, 
and two churches. A number of 
silver and gold mines in the immediate 
vicinity are being worked on the old 
plan without machinery. Principal 
products and shipments: wheat and 
oats. Daily coach to White Sulphur 
Springs, forty miles northeast, noted 
for their medicinal properties. Good 
accommodations afforded visitors at 
the Springs. The stage to White 
Sulphur Springs connects there with 
daily coach for the celebratedNeihart 
Mining Camp. The Hassel (old St. 
Louis) gold mining district, ten miles 
distant, is extensively worked, the 
ore being free milling high grade. 

VICTOR, Mon. 
M. U. R. Bitter Root Branch. 
Population 400, has two churches, 
two hotels, school, public hall, 
various stores, etc. This is the 
shipping point of the Helena &Victor 
Mining Company, who operate a con- 
centrator at Curlew Mine of 125 tons 
capacity, employing about 75 men. 

WARM SPRINGS, Mon. 
Montana Union Ry. Deer Lodge 
county, is a popular health and 
pleasure resort. Good hotel accom- 
modations for all visitors. Fine 
hunting and fishing. 

WHITHEHALL, Mon. 
N. P. R. Butte Line. Population 
400. It has three hotels, church, 
school, public hall, newspaper, four 
stores, two lumber and brick yards. 
Rich mining prospects now being- 
developed. The famous Pipestone 
Hot Springs seven miles distant. 

WIBAUX, Mon. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 300, 
is on Beaver Creek, in the midst of 
a fine grazing county. Hotel, two 
stores, and blacksmith shop. Large 
horse, cattle and sheep ranges are 



in this vicinity, the average yearly 
shipments amounting to about 800 
cars. Lignite coal found in abundance. 
Game, deer, antelope, ducks, chickens, 
and plover. 

WICKES, Mon. 
M. U. R. Wickes Branch. 25 miles 
from Helena, is the terminus of the 
Helena & Jefferson Co. Branch. It 
is in the center of a rich mining 
district, and at present has 35U 
mhabitants, two hotels, one public 
hall, four genei'al stores, one school 
one church, etc. The output of the 
mines of Helena Muaing & Reduction 
Co., namely, the "Alta," "Custer," 
"Argentum," "Northern Pacific," etc. 
aggregates 415 tons of ore daily, 
assaying from 20 to 50 per cent lead, 
70 to 300 oz. silver, and 1 to 3 oz. 
gold. The Gregory Mine (not now 
in operation) produces daily 100 
tons concentrated to 50 tons, carries 
50 per cent lead, 115 oz. silver, and 
one oz. gold. The "Banner," "Minne- 
sota Lode," and "Mina Lode" are 
also valuable. The eight or nine miles 
in the Boulder District, three to five 
miles south, will each produce daily 
20 to 50 tons of ore, 50 per cent 
lead, 50 to 70 oz. silver. THE 
MONTANA MINING SYNDICATE 
has developed a fine property a few 
miles from Wickes. They have 
opened up two fine leads on one 
of their properties showing high 
grade steel galena ore besides an 
immense body of concentrating ore. 
It is the present expectation that a 
reduction plant of a capacity not 
less than fifty tons a day will be 
put in at their mine, in which event 
active production will ensue. The 
successful development of this prop- 
erty, and establishment of reduction 
works contiguous to it, opens up to 
the world a district which has 
heretofore been very nearlyneglected, 
and will have a marked influence 
on the prosperity of Wickes. 

WINSTON, Mon. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 300, 
has general stores, school aud church, 
There are several rich gold mines 
near by; among the richest are the 
"H and H," "Clay House," "Little 
Joe," and "MarthaWashington. "There 
are many more of less importance. 



236 



NEBRASKA. 



"The land of broad rivers", a 
great agricultural State in the cen- 
tral portion of the American Union, 
lies between 40 " and 43 " north 
latitude. Its eastern boundary is 
95 " 25 ' west longitude, and its west- 
ern boundary is 104* west longi- 
tude. It is bounded on the south 
by Colorado and Kansas, on the east 
by Missouri and Iowa, on the north 
by South Dakota, and on the west 
by Wyoming and Colorado. From 
north to south the State is 208^2 
mUes in width. Its length from east 
to west is 413 nules. Its area is 
76,647 square miles, or 49,054,080 
acres. The sirrface of the State is 
for the greater part an elevated 
plateau, its lowest point being at 
the mouth of the Nemeha river, in 
the Southeastern part o: the State, 
where the elevation is 880 feet. The 
highest spot is Scott's Bluffs, in the 
extreme west, where the land rises 
to an elevation of 6,000 feet. The 
eastern half of the State has an aver- 
age elevation of 1,400 feet, and, as 
a whole, it averages 2,312 feet 
above the sea. 

In 1866, the legislatui-e prepared 
a constitution for a State govern- 
ment, which a vote of the people 
confirmed by a small majority, 
though the opponents of the meas- 
lu^e claimed that is was obtained 
by fraud. The first legislatiure under 
the State Constitution met July 4, 
1866. The bill to admit Nebraska 
as a State was passed over the Pres- 
ident's veto, and proclaimed on 
March 1, 1867. 

The first capital of Nebraska was 

237 



at Bellevue. It was removed to 
Omaha in 1855, where it remained 
until Nebraska became a State, when 
it was taken to Lancaster, a town 
of half a dozen houses, whose name 
was then changed to Lincoln. 

The present State Constitution 
was framed in 1875, and was rati- 
fied in the same year by the people. 
The first legislature under the new 
Constitution, met in January, 1877. 



RIVERS OF NEBRASKA. 
Chief of all is the Missouri, which 
flows in a tortuous course for 
500 nules along its eastern boundary 
and is navigable for 2,000 miles above 
Omaha. Next in importance is the 
Platte, which flows trough the whole 
length of the State, from west to east. 
Rismg in lakelets in the Rock)'- 
moimtains, fed by snows, its entire 
length approximates 1,200 miles. 
When it' enters the State, it is 
already a broad and rapid, though 
shallow river, flowing oyer a sandy 
bed. At North Platte, it forks, one 
branch being known as the South 
and the other as North Platte. The 
Loup is the first large tributary. 
It rises among the sand hills south 
of the Niobrara in a group of small 
lakes. It has three main branches 
known as the South, Middle and 
North Loups, each of which in turn 
has many tributaries. The Middle 
Loup, whose main dii-ection is south- 
east, is 250 miles long. The Elkhorn, 
which empties into the Platte a short 
distance above the latter's junction 
with the Missouri, is one of the mosl 
beautiful streams of the State. It, 



too, has its soucre, in a region of 
small lakes near 99" 30' W. longitude. 
Here it has a remarkably broad 
bottom with low bordering upland. 
It flows over a rocky bottom in a 
southeasterly direction about 250 
miles. Its principal tributaries are 
the North Fork and the Logan, the 
latter having an extraordinary number 
of tributaries. Near the south line 
of the State the Republican river 
and its numerous affluents, drain a 
large area. It rises in the Colorado 
plams, but flows 216 miles through 
the State. Near the northern boun- 
dary is the Niobrara river which 
rises in Wyoming and flows 263 
miles through the State before 
uniting with the Missouri. It is the 
most rapid and turbulent stream in 
the State. In 102» 30' W. long., where 
it is 80 yards wide, it enters a deep 
■canon, with high andoftenperpendicu- 
lar walls, which extend for 180 miles. 
After emerging from the canon, it 
remains a broad, rapid and sandy 
river to its mouth. The most 
important of its numerous tributaries 
are the Keya Paha and the Verdigris. 
Many other rivers in Nebraska aie 
remarkable for the beauty and 
fertility of the sections which they 
drain, the most important being the 
Bows, the Big and Little Blue, the 
Great and Little Nemeha and Salt 
creek. The water power of the State 
is enormous. Though the streams 
meander through broad bottoms, 
places can be found every few miles 
where the fall is trom three to ten 
feet to the mile. 

ADAMS, Neb. 
Station of the Union Pacific Ry 
from Councel Bluffs and Omaha to 
Portland 461 MUes from Ohama. 

ALBION, Neb. 
Forty-three miles northwest from 
Columbus, on the Albion Bianch of 
the U. P. elevation 1,747, has a 
population of 1,200, and is located 
on Beaver River, which furnishes 
power for fine roller mills. The 
surrounding country is rich in 
agricultural products and live stock. 
There are two banks, three news- 
papers, waterworks, and good schools. 
It is a supply and distributing point. 



well supplied with good hotels, 
elevators, and flouring mills. The 
Beaver River, is a rapid stream 
wliich never runs dry, affording an 
abundant water supply. Occupying a 
central position in Boone County, 
Albion drains a well-settled country 
for forty miles around. 

ALMA, Neb. 

The county seat of Harlan County, 
with a popiilation of 1,000. Alma 
is one of the most beautifully located 
towns in Nebraska. Situated on the 
Republican River in the midst of a 
magnificent farming country, the 
town presents all the indications of 
being an active commercial point in 
the near future. 

Alma has a pretty opera house, 
large flour mills, three newspapers, 
and two banks. 

BEATRICE, Neb. 

A beautiful city of 10,000 people, 
located ou the Big Blue River, 95 
miles from Omaha. It is the county 
seat of Gage, the banner agricultural 
coimty of the State, and possesses 
the most magnificent courthouse in 
the State. Here are found all of 
the substantial modem improvements 
of a progressive city — paved streets, 
electric lights, a splendid electric 
street-car system. One of the latest 
improvements in buildings is the 
Government .post-office, a beautiful 
structure of gray sandstone. The 
Big Blue River furnishes the greatest 
natural water power for manufactur- 
ing industries to be found in the 
State. Beatrice justly prides herself 
on her public schools. At the CTeat 
competitive examination at New 
Orleans in 1886, open to the world, 
Beatrice was awarded the diploma. 

BIG SPRINGS, Neb. 

Pop. 250; from Ogallala, 19 miles ; 
elevation, 3,861 feet U. P. Station, 
This station derives its name from a 
large spring— the first found along 
the road— which issues out of the 
bluffs, opposite the station on the 
right, in view from the cars. The 
water is excellent— the best along 
the road. 



238 



CEDAR RAPIDS, Neb. 
Fifty - one miles northwest of 
Columbus, elevation 1,775 feet, has 
800 population, and is beautifully! 
situated on the banks of the Cedar' 
River, >on the Albion Branch dfl 
the U. P. One flouring mill has a 
capacity of 150 barrels daUy, and a 
creamery tui-ns out 700 pounds of 
butter per day. One bank and two 
newspapers. The educational facil- 
ities are unusually good. 

CENTRAL CITY, Neb. 

Station of the U. P. and B. M. R- 
R. R. 

COLUMBUS, Neb. 

A highly prosperous town of 
4,500 inhabitants, ninety-two miles 
from Omaha, on the main line of 
the Union Pacific, and has an 
elevation of 1,442 feet. The city 
lies on the Loup River, three miles 
west of its junction with the Platte 
River. Waterworks and electric 
lights are now in full operation. 
The opera house has a seating 
capacity of 800, and Msennerchor 
Hall will accommodate 300; a 
Catholic monastery, located on an 
elevation overlooking . the city, oc- 
cupies an acre of brick buildings, 
and belongs to the order of St. 
Francis. Connected with this is an 
academy, under the direction of the 
Franciscan Sisters, for the education 
of girls, and in addition thereto the 
hospital of St. Francis, open for the 
tmfortunate of every race and religion. 
There are two national banks in 
Columbus, three good hotels, exten- 
sive roller mills, elevators, and four 
newspapers, English, German; also 
creamery, planing mill, and the only 
wooden shoe factory in Arnerica. 

From Columbus the Union Pacific 
sends out two branches — one to 
Norfelk, fifty miles north, and the 
other to Albion, forty-three miles 
northwest. The country on both 
these branches is accounted among 
the richest sections in Nebraska. 
Immense crops of corn are raised, 
cattle and hogs 'forming the staple 
industry. 

FAIRBURY, Neb. 
A strong, solid town of 4,000 



people, having aU the luxuries and 
comforts of a metropolitan city. 
The town has first-class business 
blocks and many fine residences. 

FAIRFIELD, Nebr. 
43 miles from Grand Island, a 
town of 1,500 people, in the center 
of a magnificent farming-region. The 
farmers in this section are remai-kably 
well-to-do; large shipments of grain 
and live stock are made annually; 
three elevators are engaged in hand- 
ling the grain product. Fairfield has 
a creamery of 300 pounds daily 
capacity, and the usual quota of 
religous and educational institutions. 
A College of the Christian Chmxh 
denomination is also located here. 

FREMONT, Nebr. 
Pop. 9,000; from Valley, 12 miles; 
Omaha, 46 miles ; elevation 1,192, — 
Is the seat of Dodge county, situated 
in the midst of the richest and most 
productive portion of the Platte 
valley, which here stretches away in 
all directions as far as the eye can 
reach. The city is provided with all 
the modern improvements, and is 
the seat of much wealth. Besides 
the Union Pacific, it is connected 
with the northeast country by the 
Fremont, Elkhorn & Missoeri Valley 
Railroad. 

FULLERTON, Neb. 
A lively place of 1800 iahabitants, 
elevation 1,628 feet. On the Albion 
Branch of the U. P. The town is 
situated at the confluence of the 
Loup and Cedar rivers, thus affording 
good water power. Two banks and 
three newspaper are established here. 
There are good schools, churches, 
opera house, flour mill, etc. 



GENOA Neb. 
Twenty - one miles north 



of 



Columbus on the Albion Branch of 
the U. P. elevation 1,573, and has a 
population of 1,000. There is one 
bank, two newspapers, flour mill, 
and three elevators of 14,000 bushels 
daily capacity. The Indian Industnal 
School, sus:ained by the Government, 
is located here, and has 300 pupils, 
from various tribes of Indians — 



239 



Chippewas, Omahas, Winnebagoes, 
Sioux and Apaches. The area 
belonging to this school covers 320 
acres of ground, the four main 
buildings covering 13,000 square feet. 
The Indian boys and girls are succes- 
sfully taught the industrial arts ; there 
are carpenter, shoe, tailor, and 
harness shops, laundry ,warehouse,etc. 

GOTHENBURG, Nebr. 
285 miles from Omaha, has an 
elevation of 2,557 feet, and 800 popu- 
lation. This rising young town is 
supported by a magnificent grain 
and stock raising country and is 
destined to become an important 
center in the Platte Valley. The 
town has two elevators, two flour 
mills, and heavy shipments of grain 
and stock are made at this point. 
The Gothenburg Water Power & 
Investment Company has constructed 
a canal from the Platte River, ten 
miles in length, which furnishes a 
grand water power for every sort of 
manufacturing, and this power is 
being rapidly utilized. The town 
has two banks, good hotels, two 
energetic newspapers, and prosperous 
schools. 

GRAND ISLAND, Nebr. 

Pop. 16,000; from Omaha, 153 
miles; elevation 1860 ieet. — Is 
the seat of Hall county, and the 
largest and most important business 
place and railroad junction on the 
main line of the Union Pacific Rail- 
way west of Omaha. 

This station was named for an 
island in the Platte — two miles di- 
stant — one of the largest in the 
river, bemg about 30 miles in length 
by four in width. 

The value of the manufactured 
output in this city exceeds $ 4,000,000 
annually, and over 3,500 men, are 
employed. An immense beet sugar 
manufactory has been established, 
costing $ 500,000, and employing a 
large number of men, the capacity 
of the factory being 350 tons 
of beets daily; produces annually 
5,000,000 pounds of granulated sugar. 
The Grand Island Canning Factory, 
annual capacity about 1,000,000 cans 
of corn, and the creamery produces 
250,000 pounds of butter. Here aie 



also located the extensive yards of 
the Union Stock Yards Company, 
with a daily capacity of over 100 car 
loads of stock. There are two bSnks 
in Grand Island, with an aggregate 
capital of over $500,000; two daily 
and five weekly newspapers, a fine 
opera house with seating capacity 
of 1,200, two fine hotels, the agoxe- 
gate cost of which was $ 145,000, 
extensive flouring mills, creamery, 
breweries, broom factory, gas works, 
brick and marble works, foundry and 
wiie-fence factory, all in a flourishing 
condition. The educational fa^cilities 
are unusually fine. The Nebraska Sol- 
diers' and Sailors' Home is located 
here. 

HASTINGS, Neb. 
Twenty-five miles from Grand 
Island. Dating only from 1872, the 
town to-day numbers 9,000 innabi- 
tants, and presents the aspect of a 
small metropolis. This "City of 
Plains" certainly looks metropolitan 
with its extensive gas works, telephone 
system, fire department, hotels, banks, 
and manufactories. 

I'CEARNEY, Neb. 
Kearney is 199 miles west from 
Omaha, and has a population of 5,000. 
The surrounding country is fine 
farming land. The State Reform 
School is located here, the buildings 
costing upward of $ 100,000. The 
city is beautifully situated on a broad, 
level plateau 2,146 feet above the 
level of the sea, insuring a bright, 
clear atmosphere, and is located 
immediately south of the ridge separ- 
ating the valleys of the Platte and 
Wood rivers, which affords the natm-al 
opportunity for the establishment of 
three artificiallakes,giving an immense 
water power, the capacity of which 
is scarcely disturbed by the various 
manufacturing plants now operated 
by it. In order to secure this immense 
power it was necessary to tap the 
Platte River at a proper grade and 
conduct the supply to the elevation 
between the Platte and Wood rivers, 
which is situated immediately north 
of the city. This was done, and at 
Elm Creek, sixteen miles west, the 
water was obtained and led along 
the natural elevation which divides 



240 



the valleys, and the water stored in 
ihe three lakes, from cither of which 
it can be turned over falls sixty feet 
into the river again. The streets arc 
brofid, crossing each other at right 
angles, everywhere Imed with shade 
trees, which do not, however, inter- 
fere with a comprehensive view of 
the many superb business blocks, 
handsome school, church, and other 
public buildings, while the residence 
streets ale lined with elegant and 
costly homes, beautified by fme shade 
trees, shrubs, and flowers. Farther 
away in the subm^bs are seen the 
tall chinmeys of extensive manufac- 
turing plants, which show the beginn- 
ing of the usual possibilities of the 
city. Its raih'oad facilities are excellent, 
having- the great railway system of 
the West, the Union Pacific placing 
it in direct communication with all 
the principal cities east and west, 
and the Kearney & Black Hills 
Railway to the northwest. Its water- 
works are fii-st class. Extensive and 
excellent electric-light plant, fifteen 
miles of electric street railway, well 
equipped and making communication 
with the various parts of the city 
rapid and convenient; a magTiificent 
courthouse, very fine in architectirral 
style and possessing all modern con- 
veniences. A beautiful, city hall. A 
fine opera house, the latest addition 
being a magnificent stone block, five- 
stories, with a seating capacity of 
1,200. Kearney has a large number of 
manufacturing enterprises; a cotton 
mill with nearly 90,000 square feet 
of floor room, arranged for 15,000 
spindles, employing at its full capac- 
ity 150 men, and capable of pro- 
ducing annually 3,500,000 yards of 
muslia; a canning factory with a 
capacity of 1,500,000 cans annually. 
In addition to this there are plow 
factories, foundry and machine works, 
cornice works, cooperage factory, 
oatmeal mills, paper mills, a hiuge 
factory, and many other industries 
of equal importance. There are 
about a dozen substantial banks in 
the city, nine hotels, the best of 
school facilities, sixteen churches, two 
daily and six weekly papers. 

KIMBALL, Neb. 
Pop. 500; from Sidney, 47 miles; 



241 



from Cheyenne, 65 miles; elevation, 
4,697 feet. This station of the U. P. 
was formerly called "Antelope". Its 
present name is for the present 
general manager of the road. 

Many of the settlers in this vicinity 
ai-e engaged in agxicultural pmsui ts and 
some, it is said, have been successful; 
but stock-raising is the chief reliance 
of the settlers m this tection of the 
country, as it is admitted to be the 
best grassed stock range in the 
western country. 

Connections. Mail hack leaves this 
station three times a week: north, 15 
miles to Lorain; eight miles to 
Centrapolis ; sis: miles \.Q' Ash/or d, 
and 15 mUes to Gering. 

LEXINGTON, Neb. 
Is 234 miles west of Omaha, 
elevation 2,885 feet, and has a 
population of 1,500. A splendid 
farming country is tributary to the 
city, many thousand acres of which 
are under one of the best irrigation 
canals in the United States. Lex- 
ington has an electric light plant, 
a stand-pipe water works system, a 
briek opera house seating 1,500 
people, two large brick school 
buildings and one smaller building, 
six chm-ches, flom- mills, elevators, 
banks, hotels, and two newspapers. 
The business blocks are particularly 
substantial and elegant for so young 
a town. 

LINCOLN, Neb. 
The Capital of Nebraska. Should 
the homeseeker desire to see one 
of the loveliest valleys in the cuture 
West, and also the capital city of 
Nebraska, let him board the train at 
Omaha that runs to Kansas City via 
Valley and Manhattan (or change 
from the main line at Valley to this 
train), and fifty seven miles south 
he will arrive at Lincoln. It has 
been asserted, these many years, 
that a capital never rises above the 
function of being a home for politics 
and the seat of Government. Lincoln 
is a shining exception in this regard, 
for it is as_ bright, energetic, and 
active a business center as any city 
of its size in the West. Manufactures 
floiu-ish, and a phenomenal wholesale 
trade has been developed, so that 



Lincoln is a city of commercial 
activity in the very best sense of the 
term, and by no means given over 
to the science of legislation, to the 
exclusion of home industries. Alread)'' 
seventy-two miles of street railway 
lines are in operation, and over 
thirty miles of paved streets, and 
brick, stone, and ii'on blocks give 
her an air of permanence. All the 
executive departments of the State 
are located here, as well as the State 
hospital for the insane. State penit- 
entiary, and University. The popula- 
tion of Lincoln is fully 60,000, and 
steadily increasing. The town is 
handsomely laid out. The streets 
are broad and well shaded, and very 
many elegant residences invite the 
inspection of the visitor. 

Lincoln is an educational center, 
and in the past few years has secured 
the location of several institutions 
of learning — one, the Nebraska 
Wesleyan, costing $ 75,000; another, 
the Cotner Christian University, 
costing $ 60,000. A third, the Union 
College of the Seventh-Day Advent- 
ists, has three large College build- 
ings, costing $ 130,000. A fomth, 
the Lincoln Normal University, has 
invested in its plant $ 125,000. 
The Worthington Military Academy 
(Episcopal) cost $60,000, and the 
State University of Nebraska is 
located at Lincoln, with over a half 
million of dollars investment and 
1,500 students. Altogether the col- 
leges and universitfes of Lincoln 
have an annual attendance of upward 
of 3,000 students. 

Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
A. Ziemer, Lincoln Neb. 



LOUP CITY, Nebr. 
Sixty-one miles from Grand Island, 
elpvation 2,067 feet, a town of 1,000 
inhabitants. This is another distrib- 
uting point for a fine agricultural 
district. A canal from the Middle 
Loup River fuinishcs splendid water 
power, and irrigates ail the cast side 



of the valley for twenty miles from 
the bluffs to the river. Tlie valuation 
of Sherman County is placed at 
$ 1,200,000, and there are sixty-three 
school districts in the county. The 
town has good hotels, two banks, two 
newspapers, elevators, and a first- 
class creamery, also a fine brick yard 
that burns 200,000 brick. 

MADISON, Neb. 
The county seat of Madison Couijty, 
elevation 1,574, is thirty-five miles 
north of Columbus on the Norfolk 
Branch of the U. P. and has 1,600 
inhabitants. It is surrounded by a 
beautiful country, the la\id being 
extremely rich and well cultivated. 
Fruit is extensively raised, and heavy 
shipments made of cattle, hogs, and 
grain. There is an excellent roller 
mill, a creamery of 1,500 pounds 
daUy capacity, system city water- 
works, six churcnes, electric lights 
and opera house, three newspapers, 
three banks, and the best grade of 
schools. The North Nebraska Normal 
College is also located here. 

NEBRASKA CITY, Neb. 
The center of Ohoe County, 7,000 
inhabitants. Station of the Missouri 
Pacific and Burlington, Missouri 
River R. R. The State Institute for 
the Blind is here. 

NORFOLK, Neb. 
Is fifty miles north of Columbus, 
elevation 1,514, a bright, energetic 
city of 5,000 inhabitants, on the 
Norfolk Branch of the U. P. The 
town is located at the confluence 
of two forks of the Elkhorn River, 
thus giving to the city a water power 
amply sufficient for all manufacturing 
purposes. The principal streets are 
lined with handsome business blocks^ 
and many elegant residences are 
seen in the suburbs. Norfolk has 
several miles of street railway, a 
good system of waterworks, two 
steam bottling works, foundry and 
machine shops, flouring mills, the 
largest beet sugar plant m the world, 
brick and tile works, a lai^e creamery, 
and other industries. There is an 
opera house, two banks, and four 
newspapers. The State insane asylum 
erected at a cost of $ 2.000,000, is 



242 



ibcated here. Educational advantages 
here ai-e fine, equal to the best in 
any State, one normal school, one 
high school, four graded schools. 
The splendid country tributary to 
Norfolk is the strong point in favor 
of the future of mis prosperous 
yoimg city. 

NORTH PLATTE, Nebr. 

Pop. 4,000; from Omaha, 291 
miles; elevation, 2,796 feet. — Is 
the seat of Lincoln county, and 
the headquarters of the largest live 
stock interests in the state — horses, 
cattle and sheep. 

Some of the "cattle barons" here 
count their herds to 20,000 and 
more, while scores can "round up" 
from 3,000 to 5,000 head. In this 
country, a man that_ only owns a 
"little bunch" of 500 or 1,000 head, 
is counted a "poor shoat", one to 
be pitied. 

The railroad company has a 
large hotel here, where all the reg- 
ular passenger, trains stop 30 min- 
utes for meals. Machine and repair 
shops are also located here. 

O'FALLONS, Neb. 

17 miles from North Platte city 
U. P. Station is a lone station in the 
sand hills, of little interest to the 
traveler, but opposite, on the south 
side of the river is a point quite 
noted in early days. 

O'Fallons Bluffs. Is a series of 
sand hills interspersed with ravines 
and gulches, which come close to the 
river's bank, forming abrupt blufis 
which, in the early days referred to, 
turned the emigrants back from the 
river, forcing them to cross these 
sand hiUs, a distance of four miles, 
through loose yielding sand, devoid 
of vegetation. Here, as well as at 
all points where the bluffs come near 
the river, the emigrants used to suffer 
severely at times from the attacks of 
the Indians and white outlaws. 

Opposite the "bluffs" is a lovely 
island in the river, that was — until 
the railroad arrived-^a noted camping 
ground for the Arapahoe and Sioux 
Indians; it is now a fine ranch or 
hay meadow. 



OGALLALLA, Neb. 

291 miles from Omaha Pop. 800' 
elevation, 3,207 feet U. P. R. R. Is 
the seat of Kieth coimty. The 
citizens are veiy generally engaged 
in raising cattle; few attempt any 
agricultm-al pursuits further than a 
little "garden sass." 

OMAHA, Neb. 

Omah^ is the metropolis of Ne- 
braska. It is reached from Chicago 
by several railroads in 15-16 hom-s, 
490 miles distant. Fare $12,50, sleeper 
$2,50. The Union Pacific has reaUy 
its eastern terminus here. The city 
has a population of some 140,000, 
It is one of the most progressive 
cities in the West, having more than 
doubled its population and business 
within the last five years. 

It is the seat of Douglas county, 
situated on the western bank of the 
Missouri river, on a gradual slope 
about 50 feet above higii-water mark, 
with an elevation of 1,032 feet above 
sea level. The first settlement was 
made in 1854, and named for the 
Omaha Indians who then possessed 
the country. Onaaha, from a mud- 
hole in 1880, has become the best 
paved city in the west. It has aU the 
substantial and modern improvements 
of the times, and abounds in business 
palaces of brick, stone and iron, 
with smelting furnaces, grain el- 
evators, packing houses, distilleries, 
immense stock and lumber yards, 
machine shops and foundries, as well 
as scores of manufactures of all kinds. 
Besides the Union Pacific bridge, 
another spans the Missom^i, with 
carriage and foot ways and electric 
motor cars between the city and 
Council Bluffs. 

The city of Omaha is provided 
with ample banking capital, scores of 
hotels, chief of which are the Millard, 
Paxton and Murray, and four ^daily 
and a number of weekly newspapers. 
The Board of Trade — with a large 
membership of active workers, has 
been an important factor in promoting 
and stimulating the general prosperity 
of the city. 

The headquarters of the Depart- 
ment of the Platte, is located at 
Omaha. 



243 



There are nearly 200 numufaclur- 
ing establishments in the city. It 
has the largest smelting works in 
the world It is a promment poik- 
packing center. Its waterworks were 
built at a cost of $7,000,000. — 
The electric car system extends all 
over city and surroundings. Omaha 
has one of the largest distilleries 
and three large breweries and large 
white lead works. There are over 100 
churches and more than 40 public 
school buildings. Prominent among 
these, is the Deaf and Dumb Asy- 
lum; the object of the school is to 
educate children of the State who 
are too deaf to be instructed in the 
common schools. Among the priv- 
ate schools Brownell Hall, Creigh- 
ton College may be mentioned. 
Prominent edifices are: the Post 
Office; High School with fine view 
from the tower; the County Court 
House; Exposition Building; City 
Hall. Omaha has a valuable private 
Picture- Gallery belonging to Mr. 
G. W. Lininger, corner 18th and 
Davenport .Stieets, opon every Thurs- 
day and Saturday. 

The various large manufacturing 
establishments, elevators, packing 
houses, stock yards etc. are con- 
nected by the Belt Railroad with 
the different freight depots of the 
railroads centering in the city. 

About one mile north from the 
Omaha Depot the Union Pacific 
Railway has erected its principal 
machine shops, store houses etc. 
covering about 30 acres of ground 
(worth visiting). 

Fort Omaha is located three miles 
north of the city. There is an ex- 
cellent carriage road to the Fort, 
which is a popular drive. 

Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
E. D. Branch, 1502 Farnam St., 
Omaha Neb. 

A. C. Dttnn, City Pass & Tkt. 
Agt., U. P. Sytem, Omaha Neb. 

E. E. Jones, Care Union Depot, 
Omaha Neb. 

H. E. Moses, Famham & 15 th St., 
Omaha Neb. 



ORD, Nebr. 
Sixty -one miles north of Grand 
Island, 2,047 feet elevation, is 
very pleasantly situated on a high 
plateau overlooking the North Loup 
River Valley. The town has 1,500 
inhabitants. There are two banks, 
three newspapers, fine schoolhouses, 
waterworks, broom factory, soda- 
water factory, roller mills, and ele- 
vators. This North Loup Valley is 
one of the finest agricultural sections 
of Nebraska, and Ord, situated in the 
midst of an extensive graingrowing 
region, unsurpassed in fertility, is the 
chief market. 

PAPILLION, Nebr. 

A small station of the U. P. on 

the river of that name in the midst 

of a thrifty farming commimity, 

15 miles from Omaha, Population 700. 

PLATTE CENTRE, Neb. 
A town of 400 inhabitants on the 
Norfolk Branch of the U. P. elevation 
1,536 feet, fifteen miles from 
Columbus. There are one bank, one 
newspaper, one cream separator, etc. 
The order of St. Francis has a 
convent here. Grain and stock are 
the principal shipments. 

PLATTSMOUTH, Neb. 
Town of 6,000 inhabitants, station 
of the Buiiington, Missouri River 
R R. 

SCHUYLER, Nebr. 
Population 3,000; 76 miles from 
Omaha, situated a short distance 
north of the Platte River. — Is the 
seat of Colfax Coutity. Does a large 
business in wheat shipments, and is 
a growing and enterprising towTi, 
reached by the Burlington & Mis- 
souri River Railroad. A large pro- 
portion of the population is Bohe- 
mian. 



24J 



UNION PACIFIC. 



THE OYERLAND ROUTE. 



Only Dining ^JfiVjII/jH Missouri River 

to Pacific Coast. 

FASTEST TRAIN IN THE WEST. 




"THE OVERLAND LIMITED." 



55 



CHICAGO TO THE PACIFIC COAST DAILY. 
3 days from Chicago. 



in , 

272 days from Missouri River. 

Fullman Palace, Double Drawing Boom Sleepers, Free 

Reclining Chair Cars, Buffet Smoking and Library Cars, 

Fintsch Light. 

For time tables, folders, illustrated books, pamphlets descriptive 
of the territory traversed, or any information, apply to YOUR 
LOCAL AGENT, who can sell you a ticket via the UJ^ION 
PACIFIC, or address 

E. L. Lomax 

General Passenger and Ticket Agent 
OMAHA, NEBRASKA. 



iJ45 



SCOTIA, Neb. 
Forty-five miles north from Grand 
Island, elevation 1,905 feet, popu- 
lation 500. Scotia is beautifully 
situated in the North Loup Valley, 
in the center of a fine farming region. 
There is abundance of high-grade 
limestone in the vicinty suitable for 
building purposes. The town has 
two good flour .mills, excellent schools, 
and a newspaper. 

SIDNEy, Neb. 

Pop. 1,500; 414 miles from Omaha, 
from Cheyenne, 102 miles; elevation 
4,090 feetj.-^Is the seat of Cheyenne 
county, one of the extreme western 
counties of Nebraska. It contains 
severed good brick business blocks 
and stores, and shops of all kinds. 
The chief support of the place is 
derived from stock-raising; yet there 
are quite a number of settlers jn the 
vicinity engaged in agricultural 
pursuits. 

Fort Sidney. In 1870 the govern- 
ment etablished a military post at this 
place, and erected extensive barracks 
and warehouses. 

ST. PAUL, Neb. 

Twenty-two miles north of Grand 

Island, elevation 1,796 feet, with 

2,0J0 population. Here, as in most 

of the interior towns of Nebraska, 



the chief industries are gram and 
live stock. St. Paul is admirably 
equipped for so young a town. There 
are three banks, three newspapers, 
two roller mills, creamery, water- 
works, wholesale grocery house, 
opera house, and excellently graded 
schools. 

STROMSBURG, Neb. 
A Scandinavian settlement of 1,500 
inhabitants. The site of a Swedish 
Lutheran College. 

VALLEY, Nebr. 
A junction station of the U. P. 
and Republican Valley Branch, six 
miles west of Elkhorn, and 35 miles 
from Omaha, situated on the Platte 
River bottom, surrounded by farms, 
where the principal products are 
corn and hay. Population 600; ele- 
vation 1137 feet. 

WAHOO, Neb. 
Town of 2,500 inhabitants, leirgely 
settled by Bohemians and Swedes. 

YORK, Neb. 
A live, progressive city of 5,000 
inhabitants. The shipments of grain 
and live stock from this place are 
among the largest in Nebraska. Five 
elevators are employed in handling 
grata. 



240 



NEVADA. 



Nevada is a part of the vast domain 
which was gaiaed from Mexico in 
1848, by the treaty of Guadalupe 
Hidalgo. Prior to 1861 Utah Ter- 
ritory extended to the California line, 
as did the ambitious Mormon "State 
of Desert", organized in 1849, whose 
emblem was the uidustrious honey- 
bee, and the purpose of whose 
foimders was to combine their ideas 
of the Kingdom of God with the 
development of the Mormon com- 
munity, and to secure to every 
Saint the unrestricted pursuit of 
unbounded domestic happiness. In 
1851 the Utah Legislature organized 
several counties along the eastern 
slope of the Sierras and on the Rio 
Colorado, and until 1856-7 there 
were thi-iviag Mormon settlements 
in Caisson, Eagle and Washoe Valleys. 

In 1858 the black lumps which 
bothered the few goldwashers in 
Gold Hill Gulch and the cafion at 
the base of Mount Davidson, were 
assayed by two miners named 
Grosch, who possessed some know- 
ledge of metallurgy, and pronounced 
to be rich in sulphurets of silver. 
The following year the rush to 
Washoe fairly commenced. Early in 
1861 Congress organized the Ter- 
ritory of Nevada, out of Utah, west 
of 150 0. 

By 1861 quartz mills were erected 
and machinery transported across 
the mountains, and the white metal 
commenced to pour in vast and in- 
creasing volume into the channels 
of the world's commerce, sustaining 



Nevada derives her name from her 
magnificent Western frontiers, from 
their resemblance to the serrated 
chain of Spanish Granada, these 
mountains are called the Sierra 
Nevada, or "Mountains Snowy", al- 
though ;the snow-fall, except on the 
high ranges, is not great, and ther- 
mometrical reports show that Nevada 
possesses about the same winter 
climate as Baltimore, and a summer 
climate analogous to that of Nova 
Scotia. The popular name of Ne- 
vada is the Silver State, from its 
chief products. 

The Latitude of this State is from 
35" to 42" N-, its Longitude from 
114" to 120 W. 

The population was in 



1860 
1880 
1890 



6,857 
62,266 
45,761 



CARSON CITY, Nev. 

The capital" of Nevada, a thriv- 
ing town of 3,950 inhabitants, con- 
taining the capitol, the U, S. Mint, a 
Com-t-House, 4 churches, the best 
school-house in the State, and many 
handsome residences. From Carson 
daily stages run 15 miles (fare 
$ 2,00) to Lake Tahoe, as far as 
Glenbrook, whence a steamer runs 
to Tahoe city. Numerous summer 
resorts are located on the lake, 
which is cut by the California boun- 
dary line. It is about_22 miles long 
and 10 miles wide, is 6,247 feet 



the credit of the Nation in the hour above the sea. 

of its peril. I Railroad: Virginia & Truckee. 

247 12 



PYRAMID LAKE, Nev. 

Lies on the slope of the Sierra 
Nevada Mountains, 700 feet yet 
above the Great Salt Lake. It is 
enclosed every where by giant rocky 
precipices, which rise vertically to 
the snblime height of 3,000 feet. 
From the bosom of the translucent 
waters of this wonderful lake, there 
springs a strange pyramidal rock 
600 feet in air. 

Near this lake occuiTed the disas- 
trous battle of May, 1860, wdiere an 
attacking force of 105 Nevada volun- 
teers was defeated, with a loss of 



half then.- number, by the Teh Ute 
Indians. 



VIRGINIA CITY, Nev. 

22 mis. beyond Carson, 6,339 feet 
above the sea, is the largest city in 
Nevada, having 8,511 mh. It is 
built half-way up Mount Davidson, 
completely environed by mountains, 
containing famous gold and 
silver mines. About one fifth of the 
population of the city are usualty 
under ground for minmg-work. 

Railroad: Virginia & Truckee. 



2'18 



NEW HAMPSHIRE. 



The first settlements in New 
Hampshire were made by the English 
in 1623. It is one of the Thirteen 
Original States and adopted and 
ratified the Constitution in 1788. 
The area of the State is 9,305 square 
miles, famed for the beauty of its 
mountain and lake scenery. It has 
a total population of 376,530. The 
priacipal agricultural products are 
hay and com. 

BETHLEHEM 
(White Mountains), N. H. 

The fame of the White Moimtains 
as a picturesque and healthful summer 
resort is world wide. Their great 
height and the consequently exten- 
ded view to be obtained, arepromuient 
among the reasons for this great 
popularity. Among the many attrac- 
tive places located ia the midst of 
these mountains, andimdoubtedly, one 
of the most popular, is Bethlehem, 
which enjoys the proud distinction 
of being the highest village east of 
the Rockies. It is fourteen hundred 
and fifty feet above the sea level, 
and two hundred and sixty-three feet 
above the adjacent Ammonoosuc 
Valley, the highest in New England. 
This superior altitude and the town's 
exposure to the North render it very 
cool during the summer, even when 
other mountain resorts are visited 
by heat. 

To be reached by the Pennsylvania 
R. R. 

CONCORD, N. H. 
The Capital of New Hampshire has 
17,000 inhabitants. It has a fine 



location on the Merrimac. The 
principal edifices are the State Capitol, 
the City Hall and the Insane-Asylum. 
Railroads : Boston & Lowell Rail- 
road. 

DOVER, N. H. 
A manufacturing town of 12,800 
inhabitants and a raUroad-junction 
on the Boston & Maine R. R. for 
Alton Bay and Portsmouth. Cotton 
and woolen goods ai-e the principal 
products. 

GLEN STATION 
(White Monutains), N. H. 

Glen Station is six miles from 
Bai-tlett, the same distance from North 
Conway, and is the point of departure 
for the summer populated villag^e of 
Jackson, three miles away. There 
IS excellent trout fishing ia the 
vicinity. 

Glen Ellis is probably the finest 
waterfall in the White Mountains. 

JACKSON (Glen Station), N. H. 

Jackson is situated about three 
miles from Glen Station, on the 
White Mountain Division of the 
Maine Central R. R. It is a pretty 
and attractive town, and shares with 
the other points of that region in 
the beauty and grandeur of the famous 
White Mountain scenery. 

It is conceded by many to be the 
most delightful summer village ia 
the White Mountain region. 

JEFFERSON, N. H. 
Jefferson, the earliest settlement in 
the White Mountains, is situated 



24» 



12* 



fifteen miles north of the Notch. 
Not only are the principal elevations 
in the White Mountain group visible, 
but also the Green Mountains (in 
Vermont), the Franconia Mountains, 
and White Mountain, in the Notch. 
With a powerful telescope, trains 
and persons upon Moimt Washington 
are discernible. ' 

To be reached from Boston by the 
Boston & Maine R. R. and Maine 
Central R. R. 

MANCHESTER, N. H. 
The largest city in New Hampshire 
and has 44,000 inhabitants. Man- 
chester is famous for its cotton 
industry and printing establishment. 
Manchester is junction point for 
several railroads to Portsmouth, 
Lawrence etc. It is reached from 
Boston by the Boston & Lowell R. R. 

Agents of the North German Lloyd : 

Wm. Weber, 187-189 Second St., 
Manchester, N. H. 



MOUNT WASHINGTON 
(White Mountains), N. H. 

The prospect from the siimmit of 
this famous mountain is inexpressibly 
grand, extending in clear weather 
to the Connecticut River and Green 
Mountains, and Lake Sebago and 
the moimtains of Maine, the ocean 
beyond and the shining waters of 
Winnepesaukee to the south. Across 
the Great Gulf are seen the massive 
peaks of Jefferson, Adams, and Madi- 
son, and to the southwest Monroe, 
Franklin, Clinton, Jackson, and 
Webster. The surrounding country, 
within a circumference of one 
thousand miles, and embracing por- 
tions of five States and Canada, with 
their mountains, valleys, streams, 
lakes, and cities, is spread out like 
one vast panorama. 

Mount Washington is sixty- two 
hundred and ninety-three feet above 



sea level, and is the highest elevation 
east of the Rocky Mountains and 
north of the Carolinas. 

NASHUA, N. H. 
The friendly town of Nashua, where 
the Merrimac and Nashua rivers meet 
40 miles from Boston. It has 19,500 
inhabitants and large manufactories 
of iron, cotton, cai-pets etc. To be 
reached by the Boston & Lowell 
R. R. 

PORTSMOUTH, N. H. 

The old, quiet town of Portsmouth 
is situated on an island, three miles 
from the sea in the Piscataqua River. 
It is the only sea port in New 
Hampshue and has nearly 10,000 
inhabitants. The Athenaeum contains 
a library and a museum. The Kittery 
U. S. Navy Yard is situated on 
Fernald's Island in the river, the 
famous man-of-war Keai^sarge was 
built here. 

Portsmouth is'57 miles from Boston 
on the Boston & Maine Railroad. 

ROCHESTER, N. H. 
A manufacturing town of 6000 in- 
habitants on the Boston & Maine 
R. R., 79 miles from Boston, and 
junction point for the raiboads to 
Portland and Alton Bay. 

RYE BEACH, N. H. 
For many years Rye Beach has 
been the leading resort of New 
Hampshire, as well as one of the 
most fashionable summer points in 
New England. The bathing is ex- 
cellent, and may be indulged in with- 
out any fear |of undertow. Seven 
miles distant is the quaint old town 
of Portsmouth, to which a pleasant 
excursion may be made. From 
Straw's Point there is a grand view, 
including in its compass the isle of 
Shoals and a wide stretch of coast. 
To be reached by the Boston & 
Maine R. R. 



250 



NEW JERSEY. 



Henry Hudson, a Dutchman, was 
the first European who landed 
in New Jersey (1609). The first 
settlement was made in 1627 at 
Bergen. In 1820 slavery was abol- 
ished in the State. Durmg the civil 
war New Jersey sent 88,000 men 
into the National army. New Jersey 
is sometimes called the Garden 
State on account of the large variety 
of its agricultural products. 

New Jersey comprises 7,815 square 
miles. It is situated between 38" 
55' 51" to 41" 21' 10" N. Latitude 
and 730 58' 51" to 75« 33' 51" W. 
Longitude and had in 1890 a 
population of 1,444,933. 

ASBURY PARK, N. J. 
Asbury Park is one of the most 
fashionable seaside jresorts along the 
New Jersey coast, and its broad and 
handsome avenues, its shaded streets, 
and its fresh- water lakes make it 
one of the most beautifvd in the 
country. The magnificent drive call- 
ed Ocean Avenue, extends from the 
northern to the southern boundary, 
and between this drive and the 
ocean is a splendid boardwalk 
extending the entire length of the 
towm about two miles on which 
promenade many of America's 
proudest beUes. Three fresh-water 
lakes afford excellent opportunities 
for boating and fishing. Deal Lake 
is a large sheet of water, of good 
depth, and very romantic. Among 
the attractions in the vicinity, 
which may be reached by di-iving, 
are New Jersey National Guard Camp 
Ground at Sea Girt, used for several 



weeks every year; Spring Lake, 
Avon, the home of the Seaside 
Assembly, and Summer School of 
Philosophy ; the pretty towns of 
Belmar, Intei-laken (Loch Arbor); 
Elberon, made historic by Garfield's 
death : Long Branch, Seabright, the 
famous Highlands of Navesink, 
Atlantic Highlands, and Monmouth 
Park. 

The Ocean Bathing at Asbury 
Park is remarkably fine, and the 
beach has a reputation of being 
among the best in the State. For 
those who cannot bear surf, large 
pools of salt water are connected 
with the bathing establishments : and 
there are also hot and cold sea- 
water baths at the beach and in 
many of the hotels. 

Irrimediately south of Asbury Park 
and adjoining it, separated only by 
Wesley Lake, is Ocean Grove, made 
famous for its great campmeetings 
held during the month of August, 
Bridges cross the lake, connecting 
the two cities, and the meetings are 
an attraction for many Asbury Park 
visitors. At Asbury Park all the 
regular facilities of a . city are at 
hand, such as electric are and 
incandescent lights, two banks, daily 
newspapers, churches of almost every 
denomination, and a perfectly-equip- 
ped electric street railway. 

To be reached by the Pennsyl- 
vania R. R. 

Asbury Park has splendid hotel 
accomodations. One of the best 
Hotels is the „Hotel Brunswick", 
highly recommendable for prompt 
service, pleasant rooms and excellent 
cuisine. 



251 



ASBURY PARK. N.J. 




•fN ':HHVd Aanasv 



252 



atla:ntic city, n. j. 

Atlantic City is an all-the-year- 
aroimd resort. Its magnificent steel 
boardwalk, the finest in the world, and 
its superior beach are attractive at 
all seasons. The great Gulf Stream 
which sweeps along the coast, car- 
rying with it the warmth of the 
tropics, tempers the climate in 
winter, and when snow and ice have 
claimed the inland cities, this great- 
est of all seaside resorts rejoices 
in an air soft and mild. 

Early spring is one of Atlantic 
City's most charming seasons. The 
genial temperature, the buoyant 
saline atmosphere, the never ceasing, 
ever surging sea are exhilarating to 
the invalid, and constant sources of 
pleasure to all. 

Every year witnesses an increase 
in the winter and early spring travel 
to this most popular" resort. The 
opening of the new Delaware Bridge 
forms the last link that makes 
Atlantic City neighbor to all parts 
of the country. By this new 
arrangement, the territory, from which 
a daylight trip to Atlantic City may 
be made, has been extended hundreds 
of miles, and the annoying transfer 
between stations in Philadelphia has 
been eliminated. 

In addition to its natural advan- 
tages, Atlantic City is a well-planned 
and cai-efully-built city of some 
twenty thousand permanent inhab- 
itants. 

The famous steel boardwalk which 
bounds the ocean front is a great 
feature of the city's life. Another 
is. the electric railway, which extends 
to. Longport, seven miles to the 
south. The two extremities of the 
island are united by this road, which 
is an unfailing source of pleasure to 
visitors. 

Railroads, are the Pennsylvania 
R. R. and the West Jersey & 
Seashore R. R. 

AVALON, N. J. 
Avalon is probably the most pic- 
tm-esque place on the southern New 
Jersey coast. Where once stood a 
few isolated houses now stands a 
beautiful city with lai-ge and com- 
fortable hotels. 



Avalon is surrounded on two sides 
by salt water. It is connected with 
Ludlam's Beach by a substantial 
bridge over the waters of one of the 
most celebrated fishing banks on the 
coast, Townsend's Inlet. 

To be reached by the Pennsyl- 
vania R. R. 

BARNEGAT CITY, N. J. 

Barnegat City is located on the 
northern end of Long Beach, where 
the waters of Barnegat Inlet establish 
a connection between the bay and 
the ocean. Situated in the very 
heart of the realm of fishingdom, it 
is well known and» its merits are 
justly appreciated by all anglers. 

There is a fine beach at Barnegat, 
and its almost insular character 
insures all the benefits arising from 
salt water. 

To be reached by the Pennsyl- 
vania R. R. 

BARNEGAT PIER, N. J. 
This is the point of departure 
for the most noted fishing grounds 
on the central New Jersey coast. 
It is located at the west end of the 
draw of the long bridge by which 
the Pennsylvania Railroad's seashore 
route crosses Barnegat Bay. The 
white-winged yachts, which cover 
the water below, amply accommodate 
the sportsmen as they alight from 
the train and convey them to the 
celebrated fishing grounds inBarnegat 
Bay and Inlet. 

BAYONNE, N. J. 
A manufactm"ing town of 19,000 
inhabitants, on New York harbor 
with enormous petroleum refineries. 

BEACH HAVEN, N. J. 
This haven of rest and quiet has 
won for itself a reputation as one 
of the most attractive retreats by the 
sea in New Jersey. 

BERKELEY, N. J. 

Berkeley is a genuine seaside 

resort, for it has the sea around it. 

The hotel, known as the Berkeley 

Arms, is built on the narrow strip 



253 



of land lying between Bamegat Bay 
and the ocean, on ground which has 
been made above the original sand. 
A special feature also is the yacht 
harbor in the bay, where the 
pleasure steamers may ride in 
complete seclrrit3^ At Berkeley, the 
beach is fine and the bathing excel- 
lent. To be reached by the Penn- 
sylvania R. R. 

BRIDGETON, N. J. 
A town of 11,500 inhabitants, 134 
miles from New York, via New 
Jersey Central R. R., with manufac- 
turing interests principally glass 
iron, and woolen* mills. 

CAMDEN, N. J. 
With population of 58,330 inhab- 
itants faces Philadelphia across the 
Delaware, it is practically a suburb 
of the Pennsylvania-metropolis, and 
has factories, immense market gardens 
and ship-yards. Camden is a Rail- 
way terminus of the West Jersey, 
the Camden and Atlantic, and the 
Philadelphia & Atlantic City R. R. 

CAPE MAY, N. J. 

Cape May has ever borne an 
enviable reputation as both a summer 
and winter resort. 

The winter temperature of Cape 
May claims marked attention. It is 
genial and equable; the sea breezes 
are fresh and active, and the brac- 
ing saltiness of the air ever invig- 
orating. The fast express trains of 
the West Jersey and Seashore Rail- 
way run between Philadelphia and 
Cape Mav at frequent and convenient 
inteiTals. 

ELIZABETH, N. J. 

A city of 37,704 inhabitants, and 
contains many fine residences of 
New York business men. 

It is situated 40 miles from N. Y., 
via the Pennsylvania R. R. 

Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
Ckas H. Schmidt, Freie Presse, 

Elizabeth, N. J. 
Fred'k Hubert, 409 E. Jersey St., 

Elizabeth, N. J. 



HOBOKEN, N. J.) 

Situated just above Jersey City, 
opposite New York, of which it is 
practically a suburb; it has 43,650 
inhabitants, and has manufacturing 
tmportance. Its chief interest is owing 
to the fact that the North German 
Lloyd's, and Hamburg American 
companie's wharfs are here. Most 
of the inhabitants of Hoboken speak 
German and the city's appearance is 
so German-like, that it is often called 
a suburb of Hamburg. 

To passengers who want to continue 
to travel without stopping in New 
York very good hotel accomodations 
are offered: Meyer's Hotel, cor. 
Hudson and 3d Sts., near to the 
steam -ship docks, possesses all 
modern improvements, has a good 
German Cuisine and of course 
German beers. Buschs Hotel, cor. 
Hudson and 3d Sts., is also very com- 
mendable in every respect; Naegelis 
Hotel has the same handy location 
for travelers, cor. 3d and Hudson 
Sts., and is renowned for its Rest- 
aurant and service. A much 
frequented Restaurant is Julius 
Schlatter's, 92 Hudson St., established 
in 1865 this place has become the 
pleasent meeting point of Hoboken's 
notabilities. Fischer s Hotel, William 
Doerschlag prop, is located at 41 
and 43 First .St., near all steam-ship 
landings und railroad depots, the 
hotel is conducted on the American 
and European plan, at moderate 
prices. 

Palace Hotel a.ni Cafe' 39 and 41 
Newark St., is also near the steam- 
ship landings, feixies and depots. 
The Restaurant is a very attractive 
place. 

For travelers arriving in Hoboken, 
the New Jersey Transfer and 
Baggage Expre.ss, proprietor William 
Utz, is a reliable accommodation; 
upon arrival of the steamers an agent 
of this company takes orders from 
passengers on the pier for the 
delivery of their baggage to any 
point in the vicinity including all 
Railroad Stations and steam-ship 
piers. Railway tickets via all of the 
principal railways are also furnished 
to the passengers ou the pier at 
tariff rates, and baggage checked to 
destination. 



254 



•»^ II -s4<- 




Iff? S'- 




3. 'h. ^imten, Eigenthumer 
HUDSON & 3rd ST. UC mOittW 

3rt aUetn&cti^et tl&iie ber Oampffdjiff-Ootfs. 



•inoVi 



Modernstes nnd neoestes 
Hotel der Stadt. 

Deutscbe Knche. 

Deutsche nnd Eiobeimisclie 
Biere. 



Electrische Belenchtang. 
Electrischer Fakstuhl. 



43 



'pzmz 



eizung. 
' Bader. 

AAAAAA 

|igarren 



Den Passagieren, die waiter reisen, empfehle ich, wahrend der Warte- 
zeit mein elegantes CAFE zu besuchen. 

Jlgent nnb Courier am Dotf. 



FISCHER'S HOTEL, 



WM. DOERSCHLAG, Prop. 

Hoboken, 41-43 First Street, bet. Bremen and Hamburg S.S. Landings. 

5 NEAR ALL RAILROAD DEPOTS. 

European and American Plan. Rates Doll 1.50—2.00 Am. Plan, 

Restaurant a la Carte KQTEL AND GAFE 

at all Hours. 6 

39 & 41 Newark St., HOBOKEN, N.J. 

1 

Near all the steamship landings, ferries & depot. 

Ims Schlatter's Restaura 

liporter of RHISE, MOSELLE & EOeDEAOX WINES 



38 



Established i86^. 



92 Hudson Street, HOBOKEN, N.J. 



Bestaurant a la carte from 7 A« ill. to 9 P. iM. 

255 



Naegelis Hotel 

Founded in 1868. HO BO KEN, N.J. 

Near all the European Steam Ship Companies' Docks. 

Very handy location to travelers. Renowned for its Restaurant. 

Travelers are called for at arrival ou demand. 

Rooms from Doll. 1, — upvrard. 

Neumiiller & Schaefer 

Proprietors. 



FRED. WWI. GIESENHAUS, SIGN PAINTING 

Of ALL KINDS AND DESCRIPTIONS. 

Painting a,n<l I*aper Uang-ing-. 

14 Hoboken Office, 81 WASHIirGTOIT STREET. 




USCH'S MOTEL 

22 TELEPHONE 23 7 A, HOBOKEN. 



:^ ^1 Near the 



^ooms 

WITH 
OR 
) WITHOUT 

goard 



BREMEN, fjlAM.§.y.E9...'. 

steamship Landings. 



BY THE iBjiauranf a la rarfB anb lable b'fjofB. 

DAY or WEEK. 

] HENCKEN & LATTMANN, Proprietors 

r ^^ FRITZ POHL, Manager. 

Cor. Hudson & Third Sts., HOBOKEN, N. J, 

256 



Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
Meyer & Steneck, 222 River St., 

Hoboken, N. J. 

William Uts , 200 Hudson St., 

Hoboken, N. J. 

JERSEY CITY, N. J. 

Jersey City is situated on the 
Hiidson River, opposite New York, 
and practically a suburb of the 
metropolis. 

It has a population of 100,063 
inhaliitants, and is agreeably situated 
and Las important commercial and 
industrial activity. Several lines of 
steam ferry-boats across the Hudson 
River connect with New York City. 

LAKEWOOD, N. J. 

The location of Lakewood renders 
it a most convenient winter retreat 
for persons desirous of being within 
easy distance of northern cities. It 
is less than sixty miles south of New 
York, and about ten miles from the 
coast, and is situated in the great 
pine belt of the State. It is a pretty 
village, with churches of different 
denominations. Though situated in 
the Middle States and in a region 
in which the rigors of winter are 
more or less felt, it has within the 
past few years become a most pop- 
ular winter resort, partly through 
its favored location and partly 
thi-ough the excellent accommo- 
dations to be secm-ed there. 

To be reached by the Pennsyl- 
vania R. R. and Central R. R. of 
New Jersey. 



LONG BRANCH, N. J. 

Long Branch stands at the head 
of the line of famous watering places 
on the upper New Jersey coast. For 
years it has been a favorite resort 
for the wealthier class, and its prox- 
imity to New York and Philadelphia 
has greatly enhanced its popularity. 
Here the gay queen of fashion rules 
supreme, and around her court an- 
nually gathers a circle ' of subjects 
from all quarters of the land, and 
for their amusement she has enlisted 
every conceivable auxiliary. Palatial 
hotels and princely villas greet the 
eye on every hand. Along the crest 
of the commanding bluff, on which 
the city is built, a beautiful boule- 
vard, extends for miles with only a 
narrow strip of green lawn and an oc- 
casional pavilion between it and the 
ever-surging sea. Good inland roads 
also stretch back from the beach, 
affording excellent driving, bicycling, 
and horseback riding. 

To the south, Elberon, Deal Beach, 
Belmar, and Asbtiry Park; to the 
north, North Long Branch, Mon- 
mouth Beach, Sea Bright, and the 
Navesitik Highlands, with a pretty 
chain of villas connecting them, form 
a succession of delightful resorts un- 
surpassed in attractiveness in the 
country. Untold wealth has been 
lavished in the construction of hand- 
some villas and the embellishment 
of the grounds suiTOunding them, 
to be reached by the Pennsylvania 
R. R. One of the best hotels and 
restaurants in Long Branch is A. 
Jauch's Hotel in Ocean Avenue. 



JAUGH's HOTEL and RESTAURANT 

Oeean Ave. Long Branch, N. J. 

Open from April 1st. to October 1st. Established for 30 Years. 
First class. Nice large airy rooms on the European plan. Terms moderate. 

35 A. JAUCH, Manager. 



LONGPORT, N. J. 
Longport is located on a narrow 
point of land between the Atlantic 
Ocean and Great Egg Harbor Bay, 
seven miles south of Atlantic City, 
with which it is connected by an 
electric railway. It is a pleasant 



place in the very midst of a cele- 
brated fishing region, and besides the 
people who live in its hotels and 
cottages it is visited eveiy day by 
hundreds who make an outing by 
the electric road from Atlantic City. 
To be reached by the West Jersey 
& Seashore R. R. 



257 



NEWARK, N. J. 

Nine miles west of New York, 
via the Pennsylvania R. R., is an 
interesting^ citj with 181,830 inhab- 
itants on the right bank of the Passaic 
River, 4 miles from Newark Bay. 

The Court House is an imposing 
building in Egyptian style, the City 
Hall, cor. Broa'd and William Sts., 
the Custom House and Post Office, 
cor. Broad and Acadeniy Sts., the 
building of the Mutual Benefit Life 
Insurance Company and some 
churches are noteworthy. Newark 
contains a free Public Library, the 
State Historical Society, and the 
Newark Academy. 

Agents of the North German Lloyd : 

/ M. Byrne & Co., 800 Broad St., 
Newark, N. J. 

Martin R. Dennis Co., 774 Broad 
St., Newark, N. J. 

/ Wilson Smyth, 744 Broad St., 
Newark, N. J. 

NEW BRUNSWICK, N. J. 

Situated at the head of navigation 
on the Raritan River, 32 miles from 
New York, and has a population of 
about 19,000 inhabitants. 

It contains immense rubber and 
harness manufactures. 

Rutgers College a flourishing 
educational establishment is located 
here. To be reached by the Pennsyl- 
vania R. R. 

OCEAN CITY, N. J. 
From a mere summer camp-meet 
ing site Ocean City has grown into 
a large and prosperous city, which 
is annually becoming more popular 
as a seaside resort. It is situated 
at the junction of Great Egg' Har- 
bor Bay and the Atlantic Ocean. 
To be reached by the West Jersey 
& Seashore R. R. 

ORANGE, N. J. 

A favorite suburban home of New 
York business men. It is a beau- 
tiful city of 19.000 inhabitants, 12 
miles from N. Y., via Delaware, 
Lackawanna & Western R. R. 

In the neighborhood is Llewellyn 



Park, and a little farther West is 
Orange Mountain crowned by 
handsome residences. The driv« 
about Orange are extremely beautiful. 

PATERSON, N. J. 
This busy manufacturing city with 
nearly 80,000 inhabitants, is situsted 
on the right bank of the Passaic 
River, 17 miles from New York, via 
the Erie R. R. The chief _ article 
manufactured in Paterson is silk; 
there are not less than 80 fa:tories 
for this product, woolen, linen, velvet, 
locomotives and other machinery 
are also manufactured in tte place. 
The total out-put is estimated up- 
wards of $ 20,000,000. Very near 
the city are the Passaic Falls, the 
scenery in the vicinity is picturesque, 
the Falls are surrounded by a park. 

Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
Geo S. McCarter, 3 Colt St., 
Paterson, N. J. 
. F. K. McCully, Paterson, N. J. 

James A. Morrisse, 289 Main St., 
Paterson, N. J. 

PERTH AMBOY, N. J. 
A town of 10,000 inhabitants which 
was formerly the capital of the State 
and a rival of New York. To be 
reached by the Central Railway of 
New Jersey. 

PLAINFIELD, N. J. 
This town of 11,000 inhabitants 
is pleasantly situated near the foot 
of Orange Mountain, .and is reached 
by the Central Railway of New Jersey. 
Its chief industry is hat making. 

PRINCETON, N. J. 

50 miles from New York on the 
Pennsylvania R. R.. the seat of the 
College of New Jersey, one of the 
oldest and most famous institutions 
of this kind in America, founded 
m 1746. 

There are 35 college buildings, 
the most rem?irkable ones are Nassau. 
Hall, Alexander Hall, Marquand 
Chapel, Clio Hall, Whig Hall, and a 
Museum of Historic Art. The 
Princeton Theological Seminary, 



258 



Evelyn College, and the Lawrence ville 
School are other well known institu- 
tions in aud near Princeton. 

The place has broad and thickly 
shaded streets and was the scene of 
the battle of Princeton in 1777. It 
has 3,000 inhabitants. 

SPRING LAKE, N. J. 

The en-vironment of Spring Lake 
is the most charming of any point 
along the Jersey coast. A very 
strikmg feature — an anomaly in 
seaside resorts — is the wonderful 
blending of pastoral scenes with the 
ordinary beach, sand, and waves of 
the seashora. On one side the broad 
ocean beats with ceaseless energy 
against the little bluff; on the other, 
green fields, shaded groves, and 
blooming orchards repose in the 
peaceful quiet of an inland retreat. 
To this pleasing combination, the 
beautiful lake from which the place 
takes its name — adds an increased 
beauty. 

Spring Lake has a number of very 
attractive neighbors in Sea Girt, 



Point Pleasant, Bay Head, Bel-mar, 

Avon, and Asbury Park. The name 
of the post office is Spring- Lake 
Beach. 

To be reached by the, Pennsyl- 
vania R. R. 



TRENTON, N. J. 
The capital of New Jersey has 
57,458 inhabitants, and is situated 
at the head of navigation on the ' 
Delaware River 57 miles from New 
York, via the Pennsylvania R. R. 

_ The city is well built, the prin- 
cipal thoroughfares being State and 
Greene Sts. The State House is 
beautifully situated overlooking the 
river and vicinity; the Post Office 
in State St., the State Penitentiary 
in Federal St., the St^te .Arsenal 
near the latter, and the State Lunatic 
Asylum are the most important of 
Trenton's public buildings. 

Agents of the North German Lloyd : 

John Krtimhols, 689 Broad St., 
Trenton, N. J. 



259 



NEW MEXICO. 



The first settlement was made by 

iuan de Onate, who maixhed from 
lexico in 1598 with 400 Spanish 
soldiers and 130 families, on the 
north of the Rio Chama, and bore 
the name of San Gabriel de los 
Espanoles. In 1005 the present 
capital was founded. In 1680 the 
Indians drove the Spaniards from 
the territory, but in 1692 Gov. Diego 
de Vargas occupied the country with 
his army. 

When Mexico became independent, 
in 1822, New Mexico was governed 
by Political Chiefs, who after 1835, 
were appointed, instead of elected. 
In 1837 the north rose in revolt and 
defeated Gov. Perez and killed him 
and his staff. Gen. Armijo after- 
wards crushed the rebellion, and 
remained governor till 1847, when 
Kearny's Army of the West occupied 
the Territory. New Mexico west of 
the Rio Grande belonged to the 
region ceded by Mexico to the 
United States in 1848; and the part 
east of the Rio Grande was ceded 
by Texas in 1850. 

With great loyalty to the Govern- 
ment that had conquered them, the 
New Mexicans took up • arms for 
the Union, in 1861. 

The name, Nuevo Mexico, was 
given by Espejo, one of the early 
Spanish explorers, owing to the 
resemblance of the country to the 
mining regions of Mexico. 

The Territory is equal in area to 
New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio 
combined. Mountain-ranges traverse 
the Territory, and give diversity to 
its semi- Oriental scenery. The "Rio 



Grande", the Nile of the New World, 
flows south 356 miles through the 
center of New Mexico. 

The yearly product of wine exceeds 
240,000 gallons. The cereal crop 
of New Mexico is important. Beans 
grow profusely; the fruits are 
famous for then: size and beauty. 

The output of the mines is yearly 
increasing. 

The United States army posts are 
Fort Bayard, six companies; Fort 
Union, five companies ; Fort Wingate, 
five companies; Fort Stanton, three 
companies; and Fort Seldon, three 
companies. The headquarters o f the 
military district is at Santa Fe. The 
garrisons include 1500 men. 

ALBUQUERQUE, N. M. 
The Eastern Terminus of the At- 
lantic and Pacific Railroad and the 
crossing point of the Atchison, To- 
peka & Santa Fe R. R. to El Paso 
and Mexico. The town has 5,500 
inhabitants and is important as a 
market for hides and wool. 

CLAYTON, N. M. 

A small town of about 200 inh. 
in Colfax Couuty near the southern 
edge of the Alpine Mesa. A few 
miles to the eastward, on one of the 
tributaries of the Chnmeron, is a 
community of Mexicans, engaged in 
agriculture. 

The Alpine Mesa is one broad 
treeless plain, broken only by an 
occasional butte. It commences at 
Grand Divide, at an altitude of 6,073 



I 



260 



feet, and slopes gradually away fox^ 
50 miles to 5,000 feet altitude, near 
the Texas line. 

• FOLSOM SPRINGS, N. M. 

Named (for Ex-Presideut Cleve- 
land's wife, new town, 286 miles 
from Denver; elevation 6,410 feet. 
A charming summer resort of the 
Ratons. 

Folsom is in Colfax County N. M. 
The United States Land Office for 
the district is located here. 

LAS VEGAS, N. M. 
A thriving town of 5,500 inh. on 
a branch of the Pecos River and 
important as a woolmarket. The 
Territorial Insane Asyliun is located 
here. To be reached by the Atchison, 
Topeka & Santa Fe R. R. 

LAS VEGAS HOT SPRINGS, N. M. 
The A. T. & St. Fe R. R. runs 
a branch - line from Las Vegas to 
these springs located 6 miles from 
that town S. E. of the Santa Fe 
Moimtains. There are about 40 hot 
springs similar in their effect to the 
Arkansas Hot Springs. 

SANTA FE, N. M. 
The capital of New Mexico, one 
of the oldest cities of the United 
States; it was founded by the 
Spaniards in 1605. The town has 
6,500 inhabitants and is very inter- 
esting : American, Mexican and Indian 
types are living here in narrow 
streets. The principal point of the 
city is the Plaza, on which is the 
war monument. On one side of the 



Plaza is the Governor's Palace, an 
old Adobe-Building, in which the 
Spanish, Mexican and American 
governors have resided for 300 
years. It contains the Museum of 
the New Mexico Historical Society 
and is worth visiting for its collection 
of Spanish paintings, historical relics 
and Indian curiosities. The Cathe- 
dral "San Francisco" dates from 
1622. An other church of the 
seventeenth century "San Miguel" 
was renovated in 1710. Inter- 
esting is further the old Fort Marcy, 
San Miguel College and the Ramona 
Industrial School tor Indians. Among 
the modern buildings, the Territorial 
Capitol, the Court House and the 
Post-Office ai-e the principal ones. 
Santa Fe is situated in the midst of 
a rich mining district and does an 
extensive busmess. A visit to the 
workshops of the Silver filigran- 
workers, on the Plaza, is instructive 
and interesting. 

The pueblo of the Tesuque Indians 
lies 9 miles from Santa Fe; the 
Indians bring every day wood on 
their "burros" to the Capital. 

Santa Fe is reached by the A. F. 
& St. Fe. R. R. 

SOCORRO, N. M. 
Beautifully situated in the Rio 
Grande Valley with a population of 
2,600. The town has a stamp-mill 
and smelting works. It includes in 
the mining districts, tributary to it, 
many of the best known mines in 
New Mexico. Socorro contains the 
territorial School of Mines. Mining, 
grazing and fruit-growing are the 
principal Industrie. 



261 



NEW YORK. 



The Iroquois Confederacy of 
powerful Indian tribes, as the 
Mohawks, Oneidas, Onondagas, 
Cayugas and Senecas, occupied the 
territory from Lake Erie to the 
Catskills before the advent of the 
Europeans. This wonderful confed- 
eracy became the shield of English 
civilization in America, defending it 
with courage against the French and 
their Indian friends. There are still 
now 5,300 Indians residing on 
resei-vations in New York. Hemy 
Hudson, who landed first in New 
Jersey, was also the discoverer of 
New York; he was an English cap- 
tain in the service of the Dutch East- 
India Company. He ascended the 
Hudson to Albany, believing that 
it was the long sought Northwest 
Passage. In 1612 Amsterdam 
merchants sent out the „Fortune and 
Tiger" to trade with the Manhattan 
natives. In 1613 the Tiger was 
burnt and her crew, under Adriaen 
Block, passed the winter at Manhattan, 
in log huts, and built another vessel 
the Ourust, with which they returned 
home. Other traders erected in 1614 
Fort Nassau, now Albany, and the 
States General of HoUand issued a 
charter to a company of Amsterdam 
and Hoorn merchants, covering the 
region between Virginia and New 
France, naming it New Netherland. 
In May 1623 110 colonists sent out 
by the Dutch West-India Company 
on the ship New-Netherland reached 
Manhattan. The English laid claim 
to this region, because the discoverer 
toas an Englishman, but their demands 
were ignored. The Walloons scattered 



in groups ever the country. Peter 
Minuit became the first governor 
and purchased Manhattan Island 
from the natives for $ 24, — erecting 
New Netherland into a province of 
Holland. Then followed the fortifica- 
tion of the town, and the wars with 
the Indians. 1629 the order of 
patroons came into existence. After 
them Peter Stuyvesant arrived as 
governor; he inaugurated a despotic 
but wise rule. He named the capital 
of his colony New Amsterdam and 
erected fortifications along Wall 
Street. In 1664 a British fleet and 
army took possession of the town; 
a Dutch fleet recaptured it in 1673, 
but it was restored to England a 
few months later. Then followed a 
wai" of man)'' years with the 
Frenchmen and Canadian Indians. 
The last French war lasted from 
1754 untm 1760. 

On the eve of the Revolution the 
Sons of Liberty in New York fought 
the English soldiers on Golden Hill, 
some weeks before the Boston 
Massacre in 1770. The Provincial 
Assembly remained loyal to the Eng 
until its final adjoui^nment in 1775. 
Finally Governor Tryon retreated 
to the warship Asia. The Indians 
were kept loyal to the crown by 
Sir William Johnson, to whom the 
King had granted 100,000 acres in 
the Mohawk Valley. In 1776 General 
Schuyler with 3000 militia disai'med 
Johnson's 300 Scottish retainers. 
During the same year Gen. Charles 
Lee occupied New York with an 
American force. Washington led his 
army of 18,000 men to defend New 



262 



York and on the 9 th of July the 
Declaration of Independence was 
read on the site of the City Hall. - 
In August an army of 30,000 British 
and German troops occupied the city 
and for seven years retained posses- 
sion of it. November 25 th, 1783, 
Sir Henry Clinton evacuated New- 
York and Washington occupied the 
city with his victorious troops. The 
Continental Congress estabhshed the 
capital of the Republic at New York, 
and there, in 1789, President Wash- 
ington was inaugurated. When the 
late civil war broke put, New York 
raised 30,000 men at the earliest 
call. By the close of 1862 the State 
had sent into the field 219,000 
soldiers; and during the war New 
York furnished nearly 500,000 men 
to the National Anny. In 1890 the 
U. S. Census gives to the State a 
population of 5,997,853 on an area 
of 49,170 square miles. Its manufac- 
tures are valued at $ 1,080,638,700 
yearly, and its farm-products at 
$ 178,025,700. The popular name 
of the Empire State indicates the 
commanding position of New York 
"in the sisterhood of States." 

ADIRONDACK, N. Y. 

The Adirondack Mountains are in 
the northern part of New York State. 
They cover about 10,000 Sq. Miles, 
North the Canadian border. South, 
the Mohawk River, East, George and 
Champlain Lakes. 

There are five mountain ranges 
running from SW. to NO. The 
principal range is on the East side. 
Here are the Mts. Marcy, Mc. Intyre, 
Haystate, Dix, Basin, Gray Peak, 
Skylight, Whitefare, from 5,100— 
5,700 ft. high. The "Adirondack 
Wilderness" is covered with forest, 
partly unexplored. At the foot of 
the mountains are situated more 
than a thousand lakes of various 
dimensions. The largest is 

Schroon Lake, 20 Sq. miles. The 
highest is the Tear of the Clouds 
(4,600 ft. over sea level). From the 
latter lake flows the Hudson. Many 
other rivers, among which the Ra- 
quette, Saranac, fonn communication 
between the lakes. 

The Adirondacks are famous for 



hunting and fishing. There are still 
pumas and bears. 

The most frequented points are 
the Saranac and St. Regis Lake, 
Lake Placid, Keene Valley, Blue 
Mt. and Raquette Lake. 

To tour the Adirondacks is expen- 
sive. Guides may be found in every 
place of importance; they receive 
$3, — a day; this includes the nse of 
their boat and cooking material; but 
the traveler has to pay the living of 
the guide. One guide is sufficient 
for two persons in case of a short 
excursion, but for larger excursions 
each person ought to have a guide. 

The Hotels in the Adirondack are 
good. 

The traveler must be prepared to 
spend about : $10, — a day on an 
excursion including one guide. 

The principal points to enter the 
Adirondacks are Plattsburg, Port 
Kent, Westport, Herkimer, Mai one 
Saranac port. 

The following excursion is a 
popular one and affords a good view 
of the mountains. 

Start irom Platsburg , 12 hours 
by railroad from New York. It is 
a town of 7,000 inhabitants on the 
West shore of Lake Champlain, at 
the entrance ot the Saranac River. 
From Plattsburg to Ausable by rail 
in l^la hours $1, — . From there by 
coach to Wilmington and Lake 
Placid. 

From Plattsburg to Saranac Lake 
by the Chateaugay Railroad in 4^2 
hours, $3,35, passing Cadyville, 
Dannemot^a, Johnson Mt., Lyon 
Mt., to Lake Chasy. From Lyon 
Mt. coaches run to the Upper 
Chateaugay Lake (4X1 M.). From 
Chateau£^ay Station on the lower 
Lake, the Ogdensburg & Lake 
Champlain Railroad passes the 
Chateaugay Lakes. 54 Miles south 
is Loon Lake with Hotel, Loon 
Lake Mountain and Lon^ Poizd. 
Near Rainbow is Rainbow Lake. 
Blootningdale is the station for 
Paul Smith's, and 73 Miles from 
Plattsburg, Saranac Lake. Paul 
Smith's is the name given to the 
St. Regis Lake House. A large 
Hotel ($4—5 per Day) on the north 
shore of the Lower St. Regis Lake. 

From Paul Smith's the following 



263 



tour is frequently made and affords 
the traveler a fine impression of the 
Adiiondacks. The tour is 40 — 45 
Miles long, time: Thi"ee days. The 
best is, to take guides and boats for 
the whole trip. It must be expressly 
mentioned to the guide to take the 
"Seven Carry Route", not the "Big 
Clear Route". 

From Paul Smith's by boat over 
the Lower St. Regis Lake, then by 
boat to the Spit/ire Pond and 
Upper St. Regis Lake; traversing 
the St. Regis to the South-End. 
West the St. Regis Mountain 
(3,100 ft.). Here the Carry begins 
to Clear Lake ("Big Clear"); on 
the north shore the Big Clear 
Pond Hotel ($3,—). From the 
South end a 4 Miles Carry runs to 
the Saranac Inn. 

The Seven Carry Route, goes 
over six short carries and six small 
lakes to Little Clear Pond; 2 Miles 
from Saranac Inn, $4, — ; at the 
North End of the Upper Saranac 
Lake, about two miles from Saranac 
Inn Station of the Adirondacks St. 
Lawrence Railroad. 

The Upper Saranac Lake is one 
of the largest lakes in the Adiron- 
dacks and contains many small 
islands; the lake is surrounded by 
forests and mountains. A small 
steamer tom-s the lake; $1, — 
touchmg Sweeny Carry, Indian 
Carry, and Saranac s Chib. A 
short carry runs from here to the 
"Middle Saranac Lake" or Round 
Lake. South Eeast is the Ampersand 
Mt. (3660 f.) with beautiful view. 
At the North East End of the lake 
the boat enters a small river, to the 
Lozver Saranac Lake. 5 Miles long 
and 1 mile wide, surrounded by 
mountains and dotted with islands. 
N. E. is Saranac Lake Village with 
good hotels in the village and on 
the lake. 

Keene Valley extending from Keene 
Village about 8 miles to the south 
is full of scenic beauties. It is ci-ossed 
by the east arm of the Ausable river 
and is surrounded by two mountain 
chains. On the east the highest 
peaks are Hopkins Peak, Ihe Giant 
of the Valley and Noon Mark; The 
west chain contains Mt. Porter, Twin 
Mts. and Wolfs Jaws. Many hotels 



are located in the Valley. Among 
them St. Huberts Inn ($ 3—4) 
splendidly situated and conducted on 
the highest standard. From here may 
be easity reached Ausable Lakei 
located in the Adirondack Mountain 
Reserve belonging to a New-York 
concern. A fine road runs to Lower 
Ausable Lake surrounded by high 
mountains, among them Indian Face, 
Gothics and Mt. Resegonia or Saw- 
teeth. By boat to Rainbow Falls, 
a water fall of about 100 feet. From 
this lake a good trail runs to the 
Upper Ausable Lake equally brilliant- 
ly located and surrounded by hi^h 
mountains. On the boarder of the 
lake are camps belonging to the guides 
(25 cents per night and person). 
Around the lake are the Boreas 
Range, Mts. Colvin, Resegonia, 
Gothics, Saddleback, Bartlett, Hay- 
stack and Skylight. From there a trail 
runs east over the Boreas Mt. Range 
to Elk Lake. From here a road to 
Schroon River Post Office. In immed- 
iate vicinity of St. Huberts Inn are 
ih.& Russell Falls, The Roaring Brook 
Falls, Chapel Pond, Giants Wash- 
bowl, Round Pond, Boquet Falls, 
Cathedral Rocks, Chapel Brook. 
Picturesque mountain excursions can 
be made to Noon Mark (3,800 f.), 
Mt. Colvin (4,400 f.). Giant of the 
Valley (4,800 f.), Hopkins Peak 
(3,800 f.), Mt. Baxter (2,800 f.), 
Gothics (5,100 f.), Mt. Marcy or 
Tahawas is the highest Peak of the 
Adirondacks (5,700 f.) a difficult ex- 
cursion of two days, only with guides. 

On the Northside of Mt. Mc Intyre, 
five miles from the road, is a com- 
fortable Hotel "Adirondack Lodge" 
% 4. — p. d. In front of the house is 
Clear Lake. From here only, 
trails run to different points of interest ; 
as to Avalanche Lake, Mt. Jo, Mt. 
Mc Intyre (5,550 f.), htdian Pass, a 
splendid valley between Mt. Mc Int)'-re 
and Mt. Watlface, Lake Henderson 
and Lake Sanford. 

An other center for excm'sionists 
is Saratoga (s. p. 279). From here 
by the Adirondack Railway in ^Hi 
hours passing Woodland Park, 
Jessuf s Landing, io Hadley, crossing 
the Sacandaga River. Hadley is the 
station to Luzerne on the Lake of 
Ltizerne. Nearby the Potash Mts.; 



264 



from Riverside coaches to Schroon 
Lake (10 Miles X ^/a mile), where 
good hotels will lae found. 59 miles 
from Saratoga is North Creek (good 
Hotel); from here, fine excursion to 
Blue Mountain Lake by coach at 
the food oiBlue Mt. (4,000 f). From 
Blue Mountain Lake by steamer to 
Raquette Lake interestmg excursion 
over the Blue Mountain Lake, through 
a short canal and Easle Lake, 
hence over the Utowana Lake; from 
here over a short carry, to Marion 
River and by boat to Raquette 
Lake 10 Miles X ^2 M. Famous hotels 
on this lake are The An tiers $3^2 and 
The Hemlocks $ 3. — Southwest from 
Raquette Lake are the Fulton Chain 
of Lakes; eight lakes. From Raquette 
Lake over a short carry to Forked 
Lake and from here to Long Lake, 
14 Miles X 1 M. On the southend 
Mt. Sabattis and Owl's Head. 

Herkimer is the next railway 
station. From here by the Adkon- 
dack & St. Lawrence Railway to 
Trenton Falls, West Canada Creek, 
Remsen, Mc Keever, crossing the 
Moose River, passing the Fulton 
Lakes, »to Tufiper Lake /unction, the 
terminus of the Ry. Tupper Lake is 
7 Miles X 3 Miles (Tupper Lake House 
$ 3, — ). From here by boat and 
carries to Round Pond and hence 
by carry to Little Tupper Lake 
(4 M. X 1 M.). By railway 173 miles 
Irom Herkimer is Malone a village 
of 5,000 inhabitants. 

From Saranac Lake by coach to Lake 
Placid, 10 Miles distanc ($ IV2). 
Saranac Lake Village is the 
terminal of the Chatantay Railroad; 
by which the tourist returns to 
Paul Smith's. 

Port Kent on the West of Lake 
Champlain is 11 hours by rail from 
New York; price $ 7,80. 

From here by railroad to Ausable 
Chasm. (Lake view House $ 3.) 
This is a wonderful formation of 
rocks, which no tourist should miss 
seeing. The Ausable River storms 
here through a gorge of rocks 150 ft. 
high. 

Westport is a vUlage of 700 in- 
habitants West of Lake Champlain 
25 Miles. South of Port Kent. From 
New York by rail 10 hours. 

From here excursions should be 



made by coach to Elisabethtown 
(9 miles) on the Boquet River in 
Pleasant Valley. Hotels; Mansion 
Hotel $ 2V2. Maplewood Inn $ 2. — 
From Elizabethtown, excursions to 
Robbie Hill, Raven Hill, Htirricane 
Mt. (4,000 f). South passing Split 
Rock Falls, Euba Mills, Schroon 
River to Schroon Lake, 32 miles. 
"North, a road leads to Keeseville 
passing Poke o' Moonshine Mt. and 
Atigtir Lake. 

The road from Elizabeth Town to 
Lake Placid goes throught the most 
interesting part of the Adirondacks. 
From this road others branch off to 
Keene Valley and Adirondack 
Lodge. 

Lake Placid, 4X2 Miles, is sur- 
rounded by mountains; covered with 
hotels and residences. Three islands 
are in the lake; Hawk, Moose and 
Buck Island. From here, excursions 
to White/ace Mt. (5,100 f.) with fine 
view. Arid to John Browoi's Farm, 
3 Miles from Lake Placid. 

ALBANY, N. Y. 

The Capital of N. Y. State can be 
reached from New York by the N. Y. 
Cen. & Hud. Riv. R. R., running 
along the E. bank of the Hudson, 
or the West Shore R. R., running 
on the west side of the river, or 
by boat. The city is situated on 
three hills on the W. bank of the 
Hudson, some miles below the head 
of tide-water. It was made the State 
Capital in 1798 since which time 
its population has increased from 
5,000 to 85,000. As a terminus of 
the great Erie Canal from the W. 
and the Champlain Canal from the 
N., and from its position at the head 
of navigation on the Hudson, and 
as an important railway center Al- 
any commands large comanercial 
interests. The principal attraction 
is the New Capitol; it is of Maine 
granite in renaissance style, and 
stands on elevated ground, affording 
a superb view. It is 300 ft. wide 
and 390 ft. long, and the main tower 
is 390 ft. high. The magnificent 
eastern approach extends 170 ft. 
beyond the main building, and is 
exactljr at the head of lower State 
St. The Capitol is now occupied 



265 



Successor to MARSH & HOFFMAN. 
Femberton Buildlngr, STortb Pearl, oor. Oolnmbia St. Albany. 

WATCHMAKER, JEWELER and SILVERSMITH. 

IMPORTER OF PRECIOUS STONES. 10 

Agents for Patek, Philippe d Co. and Eduard Koehn celebrated Geneva Watches. 



by the Legislature of the State. It 
contains also the State Library of 
190,000 volumes, and an interesting 
collection of portraits and historical 
relics. The offices of the University 
of the State of New York are also 
in the Capitol. Another splendid 
building is the City Hall, situated in 
Eagle St. In S. Pearl St., is _ the 
City' Building which contains various 
offices of the city government; U. S. 
Government Building is a handsome 
edifice. The State Armory is in 
Washington Ave. The State Geolo- 
gical and Agricultural Hall contains 
collections of the New York State 
Museum and the Agricultural Society. 
The Medical College cor. Eagle and 
Jay Sts., possesses a valuable Museum. 
The Law School of the Albany 
University is in State St. A point 
of great interest is the Dudley Obser- 
vatory, it stands on an elevation above 
Lake Ave, and was founded by Mrs. 
Blandina Dudle}^ The Penitentiary 
stands one mile W. of the city, near 
the poor houses. The leading schools 
are the State Normal School on 
Washington Park, the Female Acad- 
emy, Albany Academy for boy's and 
the High School. The city possesses 
more than 50 churches, the most 
noteworthy is the Cathedral of the 
Immaculate Conception, the Cathe- 
dral has a seating capacity of 4,000 
people, and has very rich stained 
glass windows, and a remarkably 
fine altar. 

The principal streets are Broadway, 
which IS near the river and the chief 



wholesale business thoroughfare ; 
Pearl St., with the principal retail 
stores, and State St., which leads 
from the river to the Capitol Square 
and extends for a mile farther. 

Washington Park is in the north- 
ern part of the city and contains a 
beautiful Memorial Fountain, a bronze 
statue of Robert Burns, and a bust 
of Dr. James H. Armsby. On the 
S. side of the city is Beaver Park. 
An interesting lelic of the early 
days of Albany is the old Schuyler 
House in Schuyler St., it was burned 
down in 1759, but immediately rebuilt. 
Colonel Peter Schuyler, the first 
mayor of Albany, resided in this 
house. 

A very good hotel is the Delavan. 
The famous Jeweler F. W. Hoff- 
man has his splendid store comer 
North Pearl and Columbia Streets. 

Agents of the North German Lloyd : 

IVfn. Kaestner, 114 State St., 
Albany N. Y. 
Miles W. Vosburp-h,QM>'Bxoa.&vfdij, 

Albany N. Y. 



ALBION, N. Y. 

31 miles from Rochester, an 
attractive village of 5,000 inhabitants, 
and contains a noteworthy Soldiers' 
Monument, and a Court-House. 

Reached by the, N. Y. Cen. & 
Hud. Riv. R. R. 



THE DELJL¥^ 

E. M. MOORE, Manager. [^ S. D. JVVATT & Co., Profrs. 

6 ALBANY, N.Y. 

Free bus to trains and boat. Nearest Hotel to N.Y.C. Station. 

AMERICAN PLAN % 2.50 Per Day and upwards. * ROOMS, EUROPEAN PLAN if Desired. 

Street Cars to Capitol and all parts of ttie City pass the Hotel. 
266 



ALEXANDRIA BAY (THETHOUS- 
. AND ISLANDS), N. Y. 

At the point where the St. Law- 
rence River receives into its broad 
channel the waters of Lake Ontario, 
is the collection of sylvan gems and 
labyrinth of water courses, known 
as the Thousand Islands. 

There are in reality some seven- 
teen hundred of these islets, varying 
in size, shape, and appearance from 
a small lump of barren rock to a 
lai-ge and fertile area of land crowned 
with richest foliage and lofty trees, 
and ornamented with beautiful sum- 
mer residences or left in their prinie- 
val rudeness. The picture of these 
beautiful islands, varying in color 
from the gray of the bare rock to 
the deep green of luxuriant forest, 
separated and surrounded by sinuous 
channels of calm or rushing water, 
is extremely pretty. Every islet and 
dancing ripple pulsates with the 
spirit of true poetry. 

Undoubtedly the most numerous 
resorts located in this famous archipe- 
lago, as well as one of the most 
fashionable watering places in Ame- 
rica is Alexandria Bay, fittingly 
termed the "Saratoga of the St. Law- 
rence." It numbers among its fre- 
quenters some of the wealthiest and 
best-known men of the United States. 
The adjacent islands are dotted with 
cottages in all sorts of picturesque 
surroundings. No one visiting the 
Thousand Islands should fail to take 
what is called the Fifty-mile Ramble 
on the steamer "Islander". No ex- 
perience could be more delightful. 

Starting comfortably after the even- 
ing meal you make the tour of thir- 
teen hundred islands in the soft glow 
of the evening twilight, and are 
safely back at the hotel at a season- 
able hour. 

To be reached by the Pennsyl- 
vania R. R. and New York Cen. & 
Hud. Riv. R. R. Thousand Island 
House was built in 1873 by the 
present proprietor O. G. Staples, 
and has enjoyed phenomenal pros- 
perity ever smce. Last year many 
improvements were added and the 
entire place renovated. Modern 
plumbing installed and many other 



improvements too numerous to 
mention. 

The table and service are the best 
that money will procure and general 
satisfaction and praise has been the 
reward of faithful attention to the 
desires of the patrons of the house. 

Rates $ 21, — per week and upward 
according to rooms, open from June 
to October. 

AMSTERDAM, N. Y. 
A town of 17,000 inhabitants, 
situated in rich farming country, 33 
miles from Albany. Reached by the, 
N. Y. Cen. & Hud. Riv. R. R. 

AUBURN, N. Y. 

Auburn is situated at the foot of 
Owasco Lake, at an elevation of 
about seven hundred feet above sea- 
level. It is a handsomely-built little 
city of about thirty thousand in- 
habitants, with well-paved and beauti- 
fully-shaded streets. 

Close at hand are three other 
beautiful lakes, Cayuga, Skaneateles, 
and Seneca, all delightful places of 
summer resorts. 

To be reached by the New York 
Cen. & Hud. Riv 



Dv tne 



BABLON, LONG ISLAND, N. Y. 

Situated only thirty-seven miles 
from New York, Bablon is well 
known as a centre of culture and 
refinement. There are hotels main- 
tained in true metropolitan style, as 
well as less pretentious houses for 
those who prefer a quiet life. 

Thus, whilst in the midst of the 
boating and yachting, bathing and 
fishing district of the Great South 
Bay, one enjoys, at limited cost, all 
the accommodations and conven- 
iences of city life. 

To be reached by the Long Island 
R. R. 

BALLSTON SPEA, N. Y. 
A village of 3,000 inhabitants- 
situated on the Kayaderosseras Creek; 
it contains several factoiies. The 
place is noted for its mineral springs, 
and is a fashionable resort. 175 miles 
from New York, by the N. Y. Cen. 
& Hud Riv. R. R. or the West 
Shore R. R. 



267 



BATAVIA, N. Y. 
A village of 7,221 inhabitants, on 
the N. Y. Cen. & Hud. Riv. R. R. 
It is noteworthy as the site of the 
State Institution for the Blind. 

BINGHAMTON, N. Y. 

With a population of 35,000 is an 
iron and coal handling railway center. 
Pleasantly situated in an angle formed 
by the confluence of the Susquehanna 
and Chenango Rivers. The principal 
buildings are the Court House on 
Court St., the New York State 
Military Store-House,theSusquehanna 
Orphan Asylum, and St. Mary Orphan 
Asylum. Binghamton possesses sev- 
eral fine churches. 

The As}dum for the Chronic Insane 
is on a commanding eminence, a 
mile from the city connected by 
street cars. Binghamton is noted 
for its manufacture of cigars, and 
leather interest. 

Nearby on Mt. Prospect is a 
popular Water-Cure Hotel. 

Binghamton is 213 miles from 
New Yoi-k, via the Erie R. R. 

BRIDGEHAMPTON, Long Island, 
N. Y. 

The Hamptons, comprising West- 
hampton, Sbuthhampton, Bridge- 
hampton, and Easthampton, are all 
directly on the Atlantic coast, with 
a view seaward limited only by the 
capacity of the eye. 

With Peconic Bay on the north, 
and Shinnecock Bay, East Bay, 
Mecock Bay, and the Atlantic Ocean 
on the south, the temperature of 
"The Hamptons" is ever cool and 
refreshing, the atmosphere always 
invigorating. The surf bathing and 
boating are excellent. 

To be reached by the Long Is- 
land R. R. 

BROCKPORT, N. Y. 
With 4,000 inhabitants, is situated 
on the Erie Canal, 70 miles from 
Rochester. It is the seat of the State 
Normal School, in a splendid 
building. 

BUFFALO, N. Y. 
Is situated at the mouth of Buffalo 
River, and head of Niagara River, 



at the east end of Lake Erie, pos- 
sessing the largest and finest harbor 
on the Lake. It has 256,000 in- 
habitants. The city is well built; 
the prmcipal streets are Main, Nia- 
gara, Seneca, Broadway, North Lin- 
wood and Delaware Avenues, they 
are bordered with shade trees the 
same as the public squares, of which 
Niagara, Lafayette, Franklin Squares 
ai-e in the busiest section of the 
city. Lafayette Square contains a 
Soldiers Monument. 

The noteworthy public buildings 
are the Custom House, Post Office 
at the cor. of Washington and 
Seneca Sts., the Board of Trade 
Building in Seneca St., the State 
Arsenal in Broadway, the Erie County 
Penitentiary, and the General Hos- 
pital. The City and County Hall is 
a splendid granite edifice fronting 
on Franklin Square. Prominent 
church buildings are the Roman Ca- 
tholic, St. Joseph's Cathedral in 
Franklin St., and the Episcopal St. 
Paul's in Pearl St., and Trinity in 
Delaware Ave. 

The most prominent educational 
institutions are the Medical College 
of the University of Buffalo in Mam 
St., Canisius College in Washington 
St., the Buffalo Law School, St. 
Joseph College, St. Mary's Academy 
and the State Normal School, in 
Jersey St. The Baffalo Library with 
77,000 volumes, tho Buffalo Historical 
Societ)', the Buffalo Fine Arts Aca- 
demy, and the Society of Natural 
Sciences are all in an imposing 
structure on Lafayette Square. In 
the same square is also Grosvenor 
Library, containing 35,000 volumes 
chiefly important books not easy to 
be found else where. The principal 
places of amusement are the Music 
Hall in Main St., Star Theatre in 
Mohawk and Pearl Sts., the Academy 
of Music in Main St., Corrinne's 
Lyceum in Washington St., and the 
Court Street Theatre. 

The State Insane Asylum in Forest 
Ave. adjoins the Buffalo Park, visit- 
ors are admitted every Thursday, 
Buffalo possesses a superb Public 
Park; the land embraces about 512 
acres and is divided into three ploti 
situated in the western, northern, 
and eastern part of the city, with 



208 



J. A. ATHIS, SAMPLE ROOM 



Cor. rV. DiTision & Oak Str. 



34 



B UFF All O. 



broad Boulevards forming'- a con- 
tin ous drive of over 10 jnilee. 

The Forest Lawn Cemetery, bound- 
ed on two sides by the park, contains 
some fine monuments, and near the 
entrance is the eleborate Crematory 
erected in 1883. In the northern 
part of Buffalo, at Black Rock, the 
magnificent international Bridge 
crosses the Niagara River; the bridge 
was completed in 1873 at a cost of 
$ 1,000,000, 

Buffalo is by its situation an im- 
portant manufacturing and railroad 
center, it is a terminus of the Erie 
Canal., New York Central R. R., the 
Erie R. R., the West Shore R. R., 
the Delaware, Lackawanna & West- 
ern R. R., the Lehigh & Valley 
R. R., and Michigan Central. 

The city has a water-front of 
several miles upon the lake and 
rivers. The chief manufactures are 
starch, soap, lumber, iron, tin, brass, 
and copper ware. Buffalo possesses 
several lai-ge breweries, and the 
cattle and coal interests have devel- 
oped rapidly. A portion of the 
nver front is a bold bluff called the 
Front, it affords fine views of the 
river, lake, and city. Several com- 
panies of U. S. Infantry are 
stationed here in barracks. 

Agents of the Norih German Lloyd : 
Gertnan Bank, 447 Main St., 
Buffalo N. Y. 

H. T. Jaeger, 309 Main St., 
Buffalo N. Y. 

/ W.Klatick, 64 Exchange St., 
coi., Elliott St., Buffalo N. Y. 

H. A. Thomas, City Office N. Y. 
Cent Buffalo N. Y. 



CANANDAIGUA, N. Y. 

A pretty town of 8,000 inhab- 
itants, at the N. end of Canandaigua 
Lake. It is the northern terminus of 
the Northern Central R. R. of the 
Pennsylvania system, 28 miles from 
Rochester. Canandaigua Lake is 
very long and narrow and deep. 



bordered by numerous vine-yards. 
It is visited much in summer. To 
be reached from New York, by the 
N. Y. C. & Hud. Riv. R. R. 

CATSKILL, N. Y. 

The village occupies an elevated 
aud picturesque site, at the mouth 
of Catskill Creek, and has 5,000 
inhabitants. 

To be reached by the West Shore 
R. R. The scenery in the neighbor- 
hood is very pleasing. 

CATSKILL MOUNTAINS, N. Y. 

When Rip Van Winkle awoke 
from his long slumber and cast his 
eyes about him, they fell upon moun- 
tains and valleys which were destined 
in later years to become among the 
most noted of America's summer 
retreats. 

It is true, fashion and wealth have 
invaded these mountains fastnesses, 
and erected palatial hotels and hand- 
some chateaux, where srmimer idlers 
pass their leisure hours; but they 
have respected the primeval forest 
and their pristine beauty, and there 
still remain the quiet roads, the 
sparkling streams, and the cloud- 
capped peaks which were the fami- 
liar companions of Irving's heroes. 

It is eminently a land of song and 
story, a region whose legends, im- 
mortalized by America's finest, story- 
teller, win live to give pleasure to 
young and old as long as the moun- 
tains stand and the lordly Hudson 
rolls on to the sea by their feet. 

As a summering point tbe Cats- 
kills are growing more in favor 
every season. Increased accommo- 
dations for the host of visitors are 
made each year, and the region now 
contains some of the finest and larg- 
est hotels in the land. 

Aparl^ from these there is a large 
number of smaller places, as well 
as isolated countiy homes, suited to 
the tastes and purses of every one. 
To be reached by the Day Line 
Steamers, or the West Shore R. R. 



269 



CHAUTAUQUA, POINT CHAU- 
TAUQUA, OR CELORON, N. Y 

The town of Chautauqua is situated 
on the gently-sloping shores of the 
lake, filled and surrounded with 
beautiful trees and groves. 

The atmosphere never becomes 
heated; cool and invigorating breezes 
ever blow; and among its groves 
and along the lakeside are scattered 
over five hundred beautiful villas 
where summer visitors live and enjoy 
the pervading sweetness of the place. 
Fireworks, illuminations, and band 
concerts are among the treats pro- 
vided, while those who court out- 
door sports, will find tennis, rowing, 
sailing, bathing, and fishing to then- 
satisfaction. The shores of the lake 
are in high favor as camping grounds 
for summer pai'ties. 

Chautauqua Lake is situated m 
the centre of Chantauqua County, 
at the western extremity of the State 
of New York. It is thirteen hundred 
feet above the sea, seven hundred 
feet above Lake Erie, and less than 
three miles distant, and is claimed 
to be the most elevated body of 
navigable water on the continent. 

To be reached by the Western 
New York & Pennsylvania R. R. 

CLIFTON SPRINGS, N. Y. 

Clifton Springs are well known 
throughout the country through the 
fame of their waters, which have 
proven efficacious in many seemingly 
hopeless cases. Here is located the 
celebrated Clifton Springs Sanitarium, 
whose accommodations for visitors 
are all modern and of the most com- 
fortable description. 

Clifton is situated in Ontario 
County, eleven miles from Canan- 
daigua, and about thirteen miles 
from Geneva. 

It is within easy reach of Seneca 
Lake, Watkins Glen, and other pleas- 
ant places of this region. 

To be reached by the Pennsyl- 
vania R. R. and New York Central 
& Hud. Riv; R. R, 

COOPERSTOWN, N. Y. 
Situated at the S. end of Otsego 
Lake, with a population of 2,657. 
The situation of the village renders 



it a charming summer resort. 
Cooperstown was the home of the 
novelist, J. Fenimore Cooper. The 
site of the old Cooper mansion 
(burned in 1854) is still pointed out; 
the Tomb of Cooper is near Christ 
Church, which also contains hand- 
some memorial windows. A mile 
from the village is Lakewood Ceme- 
tery containing the Cooper Monu- 
ment, made of Italian marble, 25 ft. 
high, and surmounted by a statue of 
Leather-Stocking. On the W. shore 
of the lake, 2 miles from the village, 
is Hannahs Hill (so called after 
Cooper's daughter). Mt. Vision, 2 
miles from the village, commands a 
fine view of the lake and adjacent 
country. 

CORNING, N. Y. 
A thriving manufacturing town 
of 9,000 inhabitants. On the Cliemung 
River. It is situated 29 1 miles from 
New York, by the Erie R. R., and 
is an important railroad center. 

CORTLAND, N. Y. 

A thriving town of 8,000 inhab- 
itants, the seat of the State Normal 
School. 

To be reached by the Erie R. R- 

DANSVILLE, N. Y. 

This most flourishing village is 
situated in Livingston County, in 
the well-known Genesee Valley, 
celebrated for its salubrious climate. 

Numerous glens, cascades, lakelets, 
and brooks surround the village, 
making it a very popular summer 
resort for those who would rest and 
free themselves from the excitement 
of fashionable watering places. It 
is also the site of the DansviUe 
Sanitarium, which is one of the 
best appointed health institutions in 
America. To be reached by the 
Pennsylvania R. R. and Delaware, 
Lackawanna & Western R. R. 

DUNKIRK, N. Y. 
town 9,500 inhabitants. 



A town 9,500 inhabitants, on 
Lake Erie, 460 miles from New York. 
It is an important railroad junction, 
and has a safe harbor protection by 
a breakwater. Dunkirk has impor- 
tant trade and manufactures. Reached 
from New York by the Erie R. R. 



270 



ELMIRA, N. Y. 
A city of 30,000 inhabitants, 274 
miles from New York, by the Erie 
R. R. It has extensive manufacturing 
inteiests, among which, the , most 
prominent are the Elmira Iron and 
Steel RoUing-Mills; the engine works 
of B. W. Payne & Sons, and the 
car-shops of the R. R. The prin- 
cipal thoroughfare is Water St. 
Noteworthy buildings are the Court- 
House, and the Elmira Female 
College; the State Reformatory, and 
the Southern Tier Orphan's Home 
are located here. E. of the city is 
the Elmira Water-Cure. The city is 
situated on the Chemung River. 

FISHER'S ISLAND, N. Y. 
Fisher's Island is situated in the 
Atlantic Ocean; just east of Long 
Island Sound, and eight miles from 
New London, Conn., accessible by 
steamer three or four times a day. 
Its growing popularity is attributed 
to its cool breezes, the splendid sea 
prospect, its healthfulness and the 
excellent fishing and sailing which 
♦he surrounding waters afford. There 
ue three hotels, besides boarding 
houses and cottages, where visitors 
can always find accommodations. 

FISHKILL, N. Y., 
A pretty village with a popula- 
tion of 4,000 on the Hudson, op- 
posite Newburg, with which it is 
connected by ferry. 

GENEVA, N. Y. 

At the outlet qf beautiful Lake 
Seneca, surrounded by fertile fai-ms 
and vineyards, is Geneva, a city of 
ten thousand inhabitants. 

Here was the principal seat 
of the brave Senecas, and many 
evidences of Indian occupation still 
remain, including a cemetery not 
yet disturbed by farmer's plow. 

Seneca Lake, thirty-six miles long 
and two miles wide, encompassed 
by sloping hills, is one of the larg- 
est and most beautiful lakes in New- 
York State. The Geneva Lithia 
Springs have a world-wide reput- 
ation. 



GLEN COVE, N. Y. 



A highly popular summer resort, 
to be reached from New York, by 
steamer or by the Long Island R. R. 



GLEN FALLS, N. Y. 
This beautiful village, situated 
near a picturesque fall of the Hudson 
River, is intimately associated with 
recollections of ITncas, the last of 
the Mohicans, and Hawkeye, so 
graphically portrayed in Cooper's 
romance. It was also the scene of 
a decisive battle between the French 
and English in 1755. 

HAVERSTRAW, N. Y. 
170 miles from New York, via 
West Shore R. R., with a population 
of 5,170, on Haverstraw .Bay. It 
has extensive brick - works. Nearby 
:are the Rampo Hills, affording 
picturesque scenery. 

; HOMER, N. Y. 

A prosperous village oi 4,000 
linhabitants, situated near the Little 
YorkLakes. Reached by thePennsyl- 
vania R. R., and Delaware, Lacka- 
wanna & Western R. R. 

HORNELLSVILLE, N. Y. 
An important railroad center, 
with 11,000 inhabitants. To be 
reached by the Erie Railroad. 
332 miles from New York. 

HUDSON, N. Y. 
A thriving town on the E. side 
of the Hudson River, with a popula- 
tion of 10,000. 5 miles from Hudson 
are the Columbia Springs; Prospect 
Hill, 500 ft. high, is near the city 
From here fine view of the Catskills 
To be reached by steam-boat, or 
by the N. Y. Cen. & Hud. Riv. R. R. 

ITHACA, N. Y. 

One of the most beautiful cities 
in the State, situated at the head of 
Cayuga Lake, and has a population 
of 11,000. 

The buildings of Cornell Univers- 
ity, on the hills E. of the village, 
400 ft. above the lake, are worth a 



271 



visit. The institution was founded 
ill 1865. Its libraries contain 186,680 
volumes. 

In the vicinity of the village there 
are no less than 15 cascades and 
waterfalls, varing from 30 to 160 ft. 
in height. 

Ithaca Fall, 150 ft. broad and 160 
ft. high is about a mile distant, in 
Ithaca Gorge, and is said to contain 
vp'ithin the space of a mile more 
waterfalls than any place in America. 

To be reached by the N. Y. Cen. 
& Hud. Riv. R. R. 

JAMESTOWN, N. Y. 

A city of 16,000 inhabitants. 
Reached by the Erie S3'stem. 

A popular summer resort, on 
Chautaucjua Lake, and has a hand- 
some Opera'^House. 

KINGSTON, N. Y. 
Is situated on the W. shore of 
the Hudson, 89 miles from New York. 
It has 21,000 inhabitants, and is a 
point of departure for the Catskill 
Mountains. Opposite Kingston, is 
Rhinecliff; in Rhinecliff is the Beek- 
man House, nearly 500 years old, 
an excellent specimen of an old Dutch 
Homestead. Kingston may by reached 
by the following routes : N. Y. Cen. 
& Hud. Riv. R. R., to Rhinecliff, 
crossing the river by ferry; by the 
AVest Shore R. R., and by steamer. 

LAKE GEORGE (CALDWELL), 
N. Y. 

Lake George has long been one 
of the most popular resorts with 
the elite of America. It is undoubt- 
edly the handsomest as well as the 
most celebrated of the many beautiful 
lakes of this country, and has often 
been called the "American Como". 
In addition to its own superior 
beauty, and romantic associations, 
it was the scene of many fierce act- 
ions during the French and Indian 
Revolutionary Wars, as well as many 
bloody encounters between the early 
settlers and the Indians. 

Caldwell is the distributing point 
for tourists on Lak6 George, and 
"The Sagamore" the capital, where 
representative people congregate from 
all parts of the earth. 



A steamer runs to Baldwin, at the 
north end of the lake, through some 
of the most beautiful scenery in the 
world. The number of islands in 
Lake George is popular^ supposed 
to correspond with the number of 
days in the year. On many of these 
islands are pretty cottages, and along 
the shores of the lake are scattered 
hotels. 

A cable road from Caldwell to the 
summit of Prospect Mountain has 
recently been completed and affords 
an elegant view of the surrounding 
country. 

This peerless lake is thirty-fiye 
miles long and in some places foiu- 
miles wide. 

To be reached by the New York 
Central & Hud. Riv. R. R. 

LAKE MINNEWASKA, N. Y. 

This charming settlement is located 
on the simrmit of the Shawangmik 
Mountains, ten miles southwest of 
New Paltz. 

The lake is much larger than 
Mohonk, and is surrounded by the 
same extraordinary bluffs and masses 
of tumbled rocks. 

Lake Minnewaska is noticeable for 
the magnificent broken bluffs at its 
eastern borders. They are suffici- 
ently high to possess decided giand- 
eur, and are remarkably varied in 
outline. The accommodations at the 
lake are the best. To be reached 
by the West Shore R. R. 

LAKE MOHONK, N. Y. 

At an altitude of twelve hundred 
feet above the Hudson, in a deep 
rocky recess of the mountain, lies 
Lake Mohonk, one of the most 
delightful of highland lakes. It is 
about three-quarters of a mile long, 
deep, clear, and surrounded by head- 
long precipices. The whole moun- 
tain is a vast tumble of rock, piled 
in fantastic confusion and seamed 
with deep ravines and dark chasms. 
Thick clumps of laurel and pine 
relieve the grey monotony and 
render the mountain side a picture 
of rugged beauty. 

From the summit of the mountain 
may be traced the winding course 
of the Hudson and the distant line 



272 



of the Green Mountains, and for 
fifty miles the western horizon is 
lined with piled-np walls of azure. 
To be reached by the West Shore 
R. R. 

LANSINGBURG, N. Y. 
A thriving manufacturing town 
of 11,000 inhabitants, on the Hudson 
River. To be reached by the 
Delaware & Hudson R. R. 

LIBERTY, N. Y. 

One of the most popular summer 
resorts in New York State, situated 
fifteen hundred and seventy-eight 
feet above tide water, in the valley 
of the Middle Mongaup. The 
high altitude, with its cool, health- 
imparting breezes, combine to 
make Liberty very desirable as a 
summer home. 

To be reached by the New York, 
Ontai-io & Western R. R. 

LITTLE FALLS, N. Y. 
A place of 9,000 inhabitants, and 
remai^kable for the bold passage 
of the Mohawk River and Canal, 
through avery picturesque defile. The 
river falls at this point 45 ft. and 
affords good water - power for 
manufactiu-es. To be reached by the 
N. Y. Cen. & Hud Riv. R. R., 73 
miles from Albany. 

LOCKPORT, N. Y.' 
Situated at the point where the 
Erie Canal descends by ten double 
locks from the level of Lake Erie 
to the Genessee level. By means of 
these locks an enormous water-power 
is obtained, utilized by the factories 
and flour-mills. The city has 
16,000 inhabitants, and is famous for 
its lime-stone quarries. Reached by 
the N. Y. Central R. R. 

LYONS, N. Y. 
A pretty town of 6,000 inhab- 
itants. And the capital of Wajme 
County. To be reached by the N. Y. 
Central R. R. 

MALONE, N. Y. 
A thriving town of 5,000 inhab- 
itants. 173 miles from Herkimer via 
the Adirondack & St. Lawrence 



R. R. It is also a station of the 
Central Vermont R. R. 

MASSENA SPRINGS, N. Y. 

The spi^ings are situated on 
Raquette River, one mile from the 
village of Massena, just on the 
borderland of the great Adirondack 
i"egion, so dear to the heart of every 
lover of sport, and so attractive to 
the worshiper of nature. Even in 
aboriginal days the Indians observed 
the peculiar qualities of the water, 
which was much sought after by 
deer and moose on account of its 
saline impregnations, and when the 
earth around the springs became 
trodden into mire it gave out a 
sulphurous smell, whereupon the 
unsentimental red men gave it a 
jaw-breaking name, answering in 
English to "the-place-where-the-mud- 
smells-badly." 

The surroundings are rich in 
beautiful scenery. 

To be reached by the New Yoik, 
Central & Hud. Riv. R. R. 

MEDINA, N. Y. 

41 miles from Rochester, by the 
N. Y. Central Railroad., a town of 
4,000 inhabitants. Noted for its 
quarries of Red sand-stone. 

MIDDLETOWN, N. Y. 
A flourishing town with a popula- 
tion of 12,000, 73 miles from New 
York, at the junction of the Erie 
R. R., and the N. Y. Susquehanna 
& Western R. R. and the N. Y., Ont. 
& W. R. R. It is the seat of the 
Homoeopathic State Insane As}dum. 
where are also several iron and 
woolen manufactures. 

NEWBURG. N. Y. 

This city of 23,000 inhabitants is 
situated on the N. shore of the 
Hudson ; the river forms here a broad 
expanse called Newbnrg Bay. New- 
burg is of historical interest. During 
the Revolution it was the theatre 
of many important events. Wash- 
ington' sHeadqtiarterszxi old mansion, 
S. of the city, is still preserved as a 
museum of historical relics. 

To be reached either by steamer, 
or by the New York Central & 
Hudson River R. R. 



273 



Internatioiial Hot" 

Niagara Falls, H. Y. 

19 

The Largest and Best Hotel at Niagara Falls 

June to November. Rates Doll. ^,^0 to Doll, s, 00. 

fBE NEAREST HOTEL to the Great Cataract. From its rooms and 
broad piazzas unequaled views of the Rapids, Islands and Falls, 
may be had. Open from June to November. Tlie prices are moderati' 
and definite. 

Accommodation for 600. From a sanitary standpoint Niagara 
Falls is one of the healthiest spots in America. The quantity of ozone in 
the air, owing to its constant renewal and agitation, is exceptionally large. 
It has never been visited by an epidemic. It is one of the most favorable 
spots for children in summer in the world. Special rates for families. 

For terms and further information Address MinA«i»« Unllff M V 

International Hotel Co., Jliagara failS, Jl. I. 



NEW YORK CITY 
see page 284. 

NIAGARA FALI,S. 
Can be reached by different rail- 
roads. One of the best ways is by 
the New York Central to Buffalo 
and Michigan Central from there to 

FALLS VIEW. 
Where the Michigan Central trains 
reach the Niagara River and stop 
five minutes for passengers to 
disembark and enjoy from the 
elevated station the magnificent view. 
The station is some hundred and 
fifty feet above and directly over- 
looking Queen Victoria Park and 
the Horseshoe Fall. 

NIAGARA falls; Ontario. 
A short distance north of Falls 
View. A steep paved street leads 
down from the station to the 
Clifton House (300) finely located 
on the bluff opposite the American 
Fall, and in front of the main 
entrance to Queen Victoria 
Niagara Falls Park. 



Directly past the Falls and through 
the Park, runs the electric line of the 
Niagara Falls Park and River Ry., 
extending along the river bank from' 
Chippawa toQueenston, and affording 
from its open cars beautiful views 
of the upper rapids and falls, the 
wbulpool, the lower gorge and outlet 
of the river. The magnificeni 
panorama from Queenston heiglilJ 
is one of remarkable beauty. The 
line is 13 miles long, and the rate 
from Chippewa to Queenston 40 cents, 
or 75 cents for the round trip. 

Clifton, two miles down the river, 
is at the and of the steel cantahver 
bridge of the M. C. The Cantaliver 
Bridge is 910 feet in length, and 
nearly 250 feet above the water. In 
crossing it, the passenger has a fine 
view of the falls upon one side, and 
the whirlpool rapids on the other. 
These rapids are reached at the 
water edge, on both sides of the 
river, by means of elevators on the 
face of the cliff; but the view from 
the Ajnerican side is considered the 
finest. A mile below Clifton is the 
whirlpool, where the river near its 
ancient outlet has cut a new channel 



274^ 



;ARVEY 



HOUSE 



Cor. Third and Palls Street 

NIAGARA FALLS, N. Y. 

2 

STRICTLY FIRST CLASS ''"'' ^"'""^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ *" "'''"'**• 

Rates $2 Per Day-Free Bus. Jokfl Muloney, Prop. 



through the rock at right angles to 
its foiiner course. 

Suspension Bridge is at the 
American end of the cantaliver. 

Niagara Falls New York, is two 
mUes south of Suspension Bridge. 
This however, includes Suspension 
Bridge, and contains numerous 
manufactories, fine residences and 

great hotels. Here too, is the State 
.eservation, by means of which the 
State of New York has freed from 
the greed of private gain and 
restored to their natural beauty the 
shores and islands of the river. 
Goat Inland, the Sister Island, and 
Luna-Island are delightful loitering 
places, and afford beautiful and 
varied views of the rapids and the 
falls. 

It is from Goat Island, that the 
tourist crosses over to Luna Island 
and descends the spiral staircase 
leading to the Cave of the Winds; 
while from the opposite angle he 
descends to Terrapm Rocks, . where 
formerly stood the old tower. 

Recrossing to the main line, by 
the bridge over the American 
rapids, you find in the State Resei-va- 



tion an inclined railway that takes 
you to the foot of the American 
fall. Near by is the dock of the 
Maid of the Mist, a staunch little boat 
that struggles against the mighty 
current, past the front of the 
American fall and rocky palisade of 
Goat Island, into the surging vortex 
below the great Horseshoe, where 
she turns and flies down stream to 
her harbor ' at the foot of the cliff, 
on Canada side. 

A little way below the boat landing, 
on the American side, is the outlet 
of the great tunnel, twenty-nine feet 
wide by eighteen feet in . height, 
forming a part of the greatest piece 
of hydraulic engineering in the 
world. The tunnel is cut througli 
the solid rock, at a depth of 200 
feet below the city, from a point a 
mile and a quarter above ihe falls, 
where the intake diverts into the 
shaft but an inappreciable portion 
of the river, which yet produces, 
through the great turbine wheels, the 
largest ever constructed, fifteen 
thousand horse-power, and the 
facilities are being rapidly developed 
to bring this force up to a hundred 



TEMPERANCE HOUSE 

H. HUBBS, Prop. 

3 SECOND STREET, opp. N.Y. C. Depol 

Terms per Day. $ 1.50 and % 2.00. NIAGARA FALLS , N. Y. 



UNITED STATES HOTEL 

NIAGARA FALLS, N.Y. Cor. Falls and Second Sts. 

DIRECTLY OPPOSITE NEW YORK CENTRAL DEPOT. TERMS: $2,00 PER DAY. 
4 French and German spoken. ADC. RICKERT, Proorietor. 

275 



thousand horse-power. This givhig 
a wonderful impetus to manufactures 
ill the vicinity, as well as in Buffalo, 
Lockport and even more distant 
points. 

The extortionate charges at Niagara 
Falls, usually very much exaggerated, 
have been almost wholly abated. 
Hack fai-es are governed by a 
strictly enforced ordinance, and by 
making a bargain with the driver 
less than the legal rates can fre- 
quently be obtained. Anyone who 
is swindled at Niagara Falls should 
not visit any large cit}'- or popular 
resort without a guardian. Carriages 
can be obtained of the Miller & 
Brundage Coach Comgany at fixed 
and very reasonable rates. Park vans 
make the round of the State Reserva- 
tion for 25 cents, and passengers 
ma)r alight at any number of points 
and continue the trip by a sub- 
sequent vehicle. On the American 
side, however, most people if strong 
and healthy will prefer walking. 
The trip on the Maid of the Mist 
costs 50 cents; the visit to the Cave 
of the Winds, including waterproof 
and guides, $ 1,— and the descent 
to the bottom of the Horseshoe Fall 
on the Canada side, 50 cents. The 
toll over the new suspension foot 
and carriage bridge is 10 cents in 
one direction or 15 cents for the 
round trip. 

On the American side, the electric 
cars of the Niagara Falls and Lewis- 
ton Railway start from the foot of 
Falls Street and gradually descend 
the gorge just above the cantaliver 
bridge. From this point to Lewiston, 
the river bank is closely followed 
but a few feet above the water, 
passing directly by the whirlpool it 
self and the long succession of the 
lower rapids. The fare one way is 
30 cents (less than was formerly 
charged to descend to the whirlpool 
rapids alone], or 60 cents for the 
round trip. The fare by the Lewiston 
branch of the New York Central is 
32 cents one \i'ay and 60 cents for 
the round trip, excepting from June 
1st to September 30th, when the one 
way rate is 20 cents, and for the 
round trip, 25 cents. 

The principal hotels at Niagara 
Falls, N. Y., are the Cataract; Interna- 



tional, 1 rospect, Imperial, Kaltenbach, 
Harway House, Temperance House 
and United vStates Hotel. 

NORWICH, N. Y. 
A tovra of 5.212 inhabitants, 225 
miles from New York, at the junc- 
tion of the Delaware, Lackawanna & 
Western R. R. with the N. Y., Ont. 
& W. R. R. Has a number of 
machine-shops, tool -works, blast- 
furnaces, founderies, breweries, tan- 
neries, etc. Noteworthy buildings 
are a handsome Court-House, eight 
nicely located chirrches, and several 
banks. 

NYACK, N. Y. 
A popular suburban place of 
New York Cit)% on the Hudson, op- 
posite Tarrytown, the terminus 
of a branch of the Erie road. 

OGDENSBURG, N. Y. 
A city of 12,000 inhabitants, with 
important grain interests. Situated 
on the St. Lawrence River, 77 miles 
from Kingston. To be reached by 
the N. Y. Central Railroad, to Utica, 
and thence by the Rome, Watertown 
& Ogdensburg R. R. 

ONEIDA, N. Y. 
Near Oneida Lake, has a popula- 
tion of 6.000. South from the lake 
is a reservation of the Oneida Indians. 
Oneida is reached by the N. Y. Cen. 
& Hud. Riv. R. R. 263 miles from 
New York. 

ONEONTA, N. Y. 

A town of 6,000 inhabitants, 82 

miles from Albany, by the Delaware, 

& Hudson R. R. Important for its 

commerce in grain and rolling-mills. 

OSWEGO, N.Y. 

The chief harbor on Lake Ontario, 
and has a population of 22,000. 

The city is divided by the Oswego 
River, which is spanned by 3 brid- 
ges. The principal public buildings 
are, the handsome Custom-House, 
the City Hall, the County - Court- 
House, the State Almory, and the 
City Library. There are several 
handsome school buildings and 



276 



ch.urclies. Oswego has two public 
parks, one on each side of the river. 
The streets are regularly laid out 
and shaded beautifully. The city is 
an important commercial center, and 
immense quantities of grain and 
lumber are received and shipped 
here. 

It has large flour mills, and one 
of the largest Starch Factories in the 
world, besides foundries, iron works, 
malt-houses, etc. 

In First St., is the Deep Rock 
Spring; the spacious Doolittle House 
has been erected over it to accom- 
modate invalids and others. 

The harbor of Oswego is defended 
by Fort Ontario, on the E. shore, 
open to visitors. Oswego is a terminus 
of the N. Y., Ontario & Western 
R. R., Delaware, Lackawanna & 
Western R. R.. and the Rome, 
Watertown & Ogdensburg R. R. 

OWEGO, N. Y. 

Is a town of 9,000 inhabitants, 
situated on the Susquehanna River, 
at the mouth of Owego Creek. 
On the N. side of the Susque- 
hanna River on a hill is Evergreen 
Cemetery. 

Near- the town on Owego Creek, 
is Glenmary, where N. P. Willis 
lived. Owego is an important rail- 
way center, and is reached from 
New York by the Erie R. R. 

PATCHOGUE, N. Y. 

Patchogue is a thriving town of 
six thousand inhabitants, situated on 
the south shoi"e of Long Island and 
on the Great South Bay, fifty-five 
miles from New York- It is a port 
of entry as well as a boat-building 
center. The surrormding countr}^, 
with its woodland streams and forest 
of timber, is very attractive, and the 
entire region is noted for its health- 
fulness. Patchogue Lake, a fine 
body of water, four" miles in length, 
is near by, and the numerous ponds 
and streams in the immediate vicinity 
supply an abundance of trout, perch, 
bass, and other fresh-water fish. 

This is one of the most popular 
summering towns on the Atlantic 
coast. 



Boating, bathing, and fishing are 
enjoyed to the fullest extent. 

The accomodations for the enter- 
tainment (Of visitors are ample. 

It is a pleasant as well as an 
inexpensive place to live in and is 
reached by twelve trains daily from 
New York. 

PEEKSKILL, N. Y. 
A pretty towTi on the Hudson, at 
the mouth of Annsville Creek, 42 
miles from New York City. It is the 
site of the State Camp of the National 
Guards. The place has 10,000 
inhabitants, and is reached by steamer, 
or by the N. Y. Cen. & HLud. Riv. 
R. R. 

PENN YAN, N. Y. 

A pretty town of 4,000 inhab- 
itants, at the foot of Lake Kauka. 

Reached from New York, by the 
Erie R. R., and the Northern Central. 

Lake Kauka is 18 miles long, one 
and a half miles wide. The scenery 
along the shore is extremely pic- 
turesque. 

PLATTSBURG, N. Y. 
Plattsburg is situated on the 
western shore of Lake Chaniplain, 
at the mouth of the Saranac River. 
It is a beautiful town of about eight 
thousand inhabitants, and was ren- 
dered famous by the battle which 
took place there on the 11th of 
September, 1814, when the Americans, 
under Macdonough and' -Macomb, 
destroyed the British fleet and twenty- 
five hundred men. To be reached 
by the Delaware & Hudson R. R. 

PORT JERVIS, N. Y. 
88 miles from New York, via the 
Erie R. R., with a population of 
9,327, situated at the confluence 
of the Neversink and Delaware Riv- 
ers. Here are located extensive rafl- 
road-shops, and it is the terminus 
of the E. division of the Erie road. 
The village is a pretty one and 
many summer visitors are attracted 
to it. Ascending from the village is 
Point Peter, which afibrds a fine 
view over the Neversink and Dela- 
ware Valleys. The Falls of the 
Sawkill are located 6 miles distant, 



277 



where a mountain-brook is precipit- 
ated 80 ft. over perpendicular ledges 
of slate-rock into a romantic gorge. 

POUGHKEEPSIE, N. Y. 

Poughkeepsie is a thriving com- 
mercial and manufacturing city of 
about twenty-five thousand inhab- 
itants. It is situated on the eastern 
sliore of the Hudson, seventy-four 
miles above New York. Two miles 
to the east is the famous 
Vassar College, one of the largest 
exclusively temale colleges in the 
country. Prominent among the 
features of Poughkeepsie is the great 
cantilever bridge which crosses the 
Hudson at this point. In height, 
length, and architectural grandeur, it 
bears comparison with any of the 
bridges of the country. 

To be reached by the Day Line 
Steamers or the New York Central 
& Hudson River R. R. 

RICHFIELD SPRINGS, N. Y. 

This famous and fashionable sum- 
mer resort is situated near the head 
of Canadorago Lake, in Otsego 
County, New York. With its eleva- 
tion of seventeen hundred feet above 
the sea, nestled among the mountains 
of Otsego County, neat the center 
of New York State, it has every 
natural advantage to make it a 
chamiing place in which to spend 
the summer. The surrounding scenery 
is beautiful. There are lovely drives 
through the surrounding" country, 
the most popular one lying around 
Canadorago Lake, a distance of 
twelve miles, over a road as smooth 
as a floor. The lake provides delight- 
ful boating and fishing. Here has 
been erected one of the most com- 
plete bathing establishments in the 
world. The water is obtained from 
the celebrated White Sulphui" Springs, 
and contains bicarbonate and sul- 
phate of magnesia and lime, sul- 
phuretted hydrogen gas, and chloride 
of sodium and magnesia. 

To be reached by the, Delaware, 
Lackawanna & Western R. R. 



ROCHESTER, N. Y. 
This city of 134,000 inhabitants 



is reached from New York by the 
New York Central & Hudson River 
R. R. It is situated 7 miles from 
Lake Ontario on the Genesee River, 
which by a perpendicular fall of 
nearly a hundred feet, furnishes the 
water-power for the different manufac- 
tures of the city. 

Rochester is regularly laid-out; the 
principal Streets are Lake, East and 
West Avenues, Main and State Sts. 
The most noteworthy buildings are 
the following: the County Court House 
on W. Main St. is a costly building 
in the Italian Renaissance style; it 
contains a valuable Law Library. 
Back of the Court House is the City 
Hall, a handsome building with a 
tower 170 feet high; near-by is 
the Free Academy. The Young Men's 
Christian Association is located in a 
splendid building which cost over 
$ 150.000. In the eastern part of 
the city, in University Ave., are the 
three buildings of the University of 
Rochester. 

The Geological Cabinets collected 
by Henry A. Ward, and the Li- 
brary of 30,000 volumes are famous 
throughout the country and located in 
a fine fire-proof building. Rochester 
possesses also a Baptist Theological 
Seminary, with a library of some 
20,000 volumes. The principal hos- 
pitals are the City Hospital, St. Mary's 
Hospital, both in West Ave, and the 
Homeopathic Hospital in Alexander 
St. The State Industrial School is 
a large building surrounded by 
extensive grounds. In N. St. Paul 
St. is the institution for Deaf Mutes. 

The Powers Building is located al 
the cor. of W. Main St. In a finelj 
decorated suite of rooms is a collec- 
tion of valuable paintings, admission 
25 cents; on top of the building is 
a tower, affording a good view of the 
city and its surroundings ; admission 
10 cents. 

Rochester is rich in high office 
buildings, among them are tlie 
Chamber of Commerce Building, the 
Granite Block, the EUwanger and 
Barry Building. There are also some 
noteworthy chiu'ch edifices. The most 
important industries are clothing, 
boots and shoes, engines, agricultural 
implements, trees, garden and flower 
seeds. The immense nurseries, iii 



278 



which these latter are produced, are 
well worth a visit. 

Rochester has also an extensive 
coal and iron trade. 

Agents of the North German Lloyd : 

Frank J. Atnsden, Rochester, 
Under Powers Bank, N. Y. 

G. C. Maurer, 149 E. Main St., 
Rochester N. Y. 

/. C. Kalbfleisch, N. Y. Central 
Agt., Rochester N. Y. 

Zimmer & Miller, 2 Smiths Arcade, 
Rochester N. Y. 

ROME, N. Y. 

Situated at the junction of the 
Erie and Black River Canal. It has 
15,000 inhabitants, and is important 
as a railroad center, and for its 
lumber. It contains many fine 
residences. 

Reached by N. Y. Cen. & Hud. 
Riv. R. R., and Rome, Watertown 
& Ogdensburg R. R. 

SACK:ETT'S HARBOR, N. Y. 
On account of its accessibility and 
the beauty of its surroundings, 



Sac" ett's Harbor has latel)'' come 
into great favor as a summer resort. 
It possesses excellent facilities for 
delightful yachting, and this alone 
attracts many summer visitors. There 
are many places of interest within 
easy reach, among which may be 
mentioned Kingston (Canada). The 
Thousand Islands, Alexandria Bay, 
and Carthage, where Prince Joseph 
Nepoleon resided in 1829. 

Sackett's Harbor is pleasantly 
situated at the eastern end of Lake 
Ontario. 

To be reached by the New York 
Central & Hudson River R. R. 

SAG HARBOR, N. Y. 

A village of 3,000 inhabitants, 
situated at the head of the picturesque 
Gardiner's Bay. There are several 
good hotels. It is 99 miles from 
New York, on the Long Island R. R., 
or can be reached by steamer. 

SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y. 

Saratoga, indisputably the greatest 
of American inland summer resorts, 
partakes of both the opulence of 



♦J !♦ 

James R Ruddoy 

Victoria Hotel 

Saratoga Springs, N. Y, 

\ 36 i 



31 



Seltzer Spring 60. 

Saratoga Springs ]^. H* 

T. J.TOTTEN.Florist, nMer tlie Srancl IJiiiou Hotel, SaratopSpriiiEs N.Y. 

279 



Xewport and the cosmopolitan fea- 
ture of Atlantic City. 

Gathered here for a few short 
weeks each year are the wealth, with 
beauty, and fashion of the most 
eminent society. In September of 
each year is held the great tlora 
festival, when the whole city is in 
gala attire. The waters of the various 
.Saratoga .springs are too well known 
from Maine to California, to need 
description here. Suffice it to sa}'', 
they are extremely powerful, and 
considered beneficial in chronic 
dyspepsia and hepatic affections, 
The principal are; the Congress, 
celebrated the world over, the Colum- 
bian, the Washington, sometimes 
called "the Champagne .Spiings", on 
account of its pleasant taste; the 
Hathoru, almost as famous as the 
Congress; the Pavilion; the United 
States; the Excelsior; and numerous 
others in various parts ofthevalle)^ 
To be reached by the, Delaware & 
Hudson R. R. 

A ver}'' good hotel is the Victoria 
Hotel, Mr. Ruddoy, proprietor. The 
Seltzer Spring Co., established here 
exports the waters. Flowers are 
bought best at T.J. Totten's, 10 Grand 
Union Block. 

SCHENECTADY, N. Y. 
160 miles from New York b}'' the 
N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R., a city of 
20,000 inhabitants on the Mohawk 
River. It is one of the oldest towTis 
in the State, established by the Dutch 
in 1620. Union College, founded 
in 1795, is located here. It has 
important wool manufactures, iron- 
works and railroad shops. 

SENECA FALLS, N. Y. 

A manufacturing place of 6,000 
inhabitants, pleasantly situated at the 
falls of the .Seneca River. 

To be reached by the, Ts^. Y. 
Central R. R. 

SHARON SPRINGS, N. Y. 
Sharon Springs is situated in 
.Schoharie County, New York, in a 
romantic valley eleven hundred feet 
above sea level and surrounded by 
high hills. Its walks and drives ai'e 
full of interesting beauty, and from 



the summit of the hill above the 
village a splendid view may be 
obtamed. Close at hand are the 
lovely Tokeharawa Falls and Howe's 
Cave, a most remaikable subter- 
ranean cavern. 

A peculiar feature of Sharon is its 
mud baths, which have been found 
extremely helpful in cases of rheu- 
matism. Its springs of chalybeate, 
magnesia, white and blue sulphur, 
and its celebrated pine bath, also 
possess wonderful curative powers. 
Sharon Springs are to the North, what 
the ■W^lite Sulphur Springs of West 
Virginia are to the South. Analyses 
of the two springs, as well as their 
beneficial effects, are very similar. 
To be reached b)^ the, West .Shore 
R. R. 

SHELTER ISLAND, N. Y. 

Shelter Island, ninety-six miles 
from New York, is directly 
opposite Greenport on the Long Is- 
land Railroad, and connected by 
ferry-boats which meet all Long Is- 
land Railroad trains at Greenport 
Station, from June 1st to October 1st 
stopping at Manhanset House and 
Shelter Island Heights. Shelter Is- 
land is the "Brighton of America", 
and seems to float dreamlike on the 
surface of the turquoise sea. The 
simrmer residents are people in 
professional life, and constitute a 
society, that is unrivaled among the 
cities. 

Boating in all its varied phases, 
as sailing, sculling, and yachting, 
are freely indulged in, whilst the 
facilities for bathing and angling 
are certainl)^ not to be despised. 

SING SING, N. Y. 

31 miles from New York, via the 
N. Y. Cen. & Hud. Riv. R. R., has a 
population of 9,352. It is the seat 
of the famous State Prison. 

It is siUTOunded by mountains, 
which are crowned by fine villas. 
Croton Point is 4 miles above on the 
E. side, Here the Croton River enters 
the Hudson; 6 miles up the stream, 
is Croton Lake, which supplies the 
metropolis with water. 

The lake is formed by a dam 40yt. 
liigh, 70 ft. thick, 250 ft. long. The 



280 



famous Croton Aqueduct conveys the 
water to New York. 



SYRACUSE, N. Y. 

An important manufacturing citj 
with a population of 88,000. It is 
pleasantly situated at the S. end of 
Onondaga Lake. The principal build- 
ings are the Government Building, 
the Court House, Clerk's Office, the 
High School, the Home for Old 
Ladies, the State Asylum for Idiots, 
and the Orphan Asylum. On^ a hill 
to the E. of the city, the Sy/acuse 
University has three elegant build- 
ings and an observatory. 

The famous Von Ranke Historical 
Library is located here. Syracuse 
contains also some beautiful church 
edifices. The Penitentiary is on a 
hill in the N. E. part of the city. 
The Onondaga Lake is 6 miles^ long 
and about one and a half wide. To 
the S. lies the reservation of the few 
remaining Onondaga Indians. On 
the shore of the lake are the famous 
Salt Works. Syracuse is midway 
between Albany and Buffalo, and for 
this reason it is called the Central 
City. 

To be reached from New York, 
by the N. Y. Cen & Hud R. R. 

Agents of the North German Lloyd: 
W. C. Br ay ton, D. L. & W. R. 

R., Syracuse, N. Y. 

O. E. Jenkins, 127 E. Washington 

St., Syracuse, N. Y. 

TARRYTOWN, N. Y. 
An attractive village on tlie 
Hudson, with 4,000 inhabitants. The 
place where Andre was arrested, is 
marked by an inscription. In the 
vicinity of the village occured many 
fights between guerillas during the 
Revolution. Its chief interest however 
is in its association with Irving's 
life and writings. There is Christ 
Church, of which he was warden, 
and the graveyard where he was 
buried. 

The surroundings abound in 
points, made famous by his writings. 

To be reached by the, N. Y. Cen. 
& Hud. Riv. R. R. 



TICONDEROGA, N. Y. 

The village has 4,000 inhabitants; 
it is situated near a picturesque 
Waterfall, formed by one of the 
outlets of Lake George. 

Nearby is Fort Ticonderoga. A 
railroad and steam-ship Station on 
the W. shore of Lake Champlain, at 
the foot of Mt. Defiance. 

TRENTON FALLS, N. Y. 

These beautiful falls, six in number, 
are located in the midst of delight- 
ful scenery. Rocky Cliifs with many 
beautiful turns and vistas rise precip- 
itously above the winding, restless, 
dashing creek, fringed at their verge 
with green boughs of the forest. 

To be reached by the. New York 
Central & Hudson River R. R. 

TROY, N. Y. 

Troy is situated six miles N. of 
Albany, at the head of steam naviga- 
tion on the Hudson. It has a 
population of 61,000. The principal 
thoroughfare is River St., running 
parallel with the river. 

The City Hall is a costly building 
Troy possesses many elegant business 
edifices. On Washington Square 
stands the Soldiers Monument, 90 ft. 
high. The Library of the Young 
Men's Christian Association is 
in the Athenaeum. St. Joseph's 
Theological Seminary comprises 
several buildings on Mt. Ida, E. of 
the city. 

The well known Rensselaer Poly- 
technic Institute, one of the leading 
schools in civil engineering, is on 
8 th St. 

The great Wateiwliet Arsenal is 
located in a park of 105 acres in 
W. Troy. The heavy rifled cannon 
of the most advanced type are made 
here. Troy is also famous for its 
stove foundries, rolling mills and 
laundries. It is reached from New 
York, by the N. Y. Cen. & Hud. 
Riv. R. R., or by steamers. 

UTICA, N. Y. 
Has 44,000 inhabitants, and is 
situated on the Mohawk. It is a 
railway and coal center in the 
prosperous center of New York State, 
The leading thoroughfare is Genessee 



2ai 



St., in it are the City Hall, and the 
finest chvirches. commercial buildings, 
and private residences. On a farm 
W. of the city is the State Lunatic 
Asylum connected with the city by 
street cars. Utica is a terminus of 
the Rome, Watertown & Ogdens- 
burg R. R., which is the route to 
the Adirondacks, . and also to the 
Thousand Islands. A popular excur- 
sion by this route is to Trenton 
Falls 17 miles from Utica, which are 
situated on Canada Creek a 
Creek, tributary of the Mohawk. 

Utica is reached from New York, 
by the N. Y. Cen. & Hud. Riv. R. R. 

Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
J. H. McGarrity, D. L. & W. 
R. R., Utica, N. Y. 
/ C. Schreiber, 8 Fay St., N. Y. 

WATERFORD, N. Y. 

Is a manufacturing town of 5,000 
inhabitants, on the Hudson. 

154 miles from New York. Reached 
by the N. Y. Cen. & Hud. Riv. R. R., 
or West Shore R. R. 

WATERTOWN, N. Y. 
A manufacturing town of 15,000 
inhabitants on the rapids of the 
Black River. Reached by the N. Y. 
Cen. & Hud. Riv. R. R., to Rome, 
from there by the Rome, Watertown 
& Ogdensburg R. R. 

WATKINS GLEN, N. Y. 

Watkins Glen, as distinct in its 
individuality as Niagara, the Yosem- 
ite. or the Mammoth Cave, is one of 
the most picturesque and delightful 
places which thousands of tourists 
annually travel to see, into it is 
compressed in miniature all the 
glory and grandeur of our great 
western canons. It is beautiful and 
picturesque. 

A small stream, in summer merrily 
dancing and prancing over rocky 
ledges and in winter thundering 
along through its narrow confines, 
seeks its way to the lake. During 
the ages this stream has cut a deep 
gorge into the soft rock of the 
mountain, in some places to a depth 
of two hundred feet, and sometimes 
scarcely more thw ten feet wide, at 



others broadening into large amphithe- 
atres in which the 'echo of one's 
voice sounds strangely supernatur-al. 
The walls of this gorge rise perpen- 
dicularly from the side of the stream, 
and at the summit are fringed with 
green boughs of the forest. 

From the head of beautiful Lake 
Seneca this chasm penetrates the ' 
mountain for a distance of three 
miles, winding and cm^ving abruptly 
and presenting a wonderful variety 
of rocky and picturesque scenes. 
From the top of Glen Mountain a 
magnificent view of the surrounding 
country may be had, including the 
placid waters of Seneca Lake, spark- 
ling in the sunlight and stretching 
far away to the northeast. 

Located on the summit of the 
mountain is the Glen Mountain 
House, owned and conducted by the 
proprietor of the Glen. Guests of 
this house enjoy the freedom of the 
Glen, a privilege not accorded those 
registered at the village hotels and 
others. 

The Glen Springs Sanitarium is. 
also located near the town of Wat- 
kins upon a broad plateau overlooking 
the lake. This large hotel is remark- 
ably complete in its appointments. 
Two large mineral springs are locat- 
ed on the grounds. 

To be reached by the Penn- 
sylvania R. R. 

WEST POINT, N. Y. 

Inseparably linked with the military 
history of the American Republic, 
and beautifully located on the west 
bank of the historic Hudson, in the 
very bosom of the picturesque High- 
lands, is West Point, the seat of the 
United States Military Academy, the 
alma mater of many of the nation's 
greatest heroes. 

Surrounded by places famous in 
American history, and commanding 
an unrivaled view of the beautiful 
river, it is a point which appeals 
strongly to all Americans. It has 
become a favorite resort with pleas- 
ure seekers, and is visited annually 
by thousands of gay and fashionable 
people. A prominent and imposing 
feature of West Point is the new 
Battle Monument, dedicated on 
Decoration Day, 1805, 



883 



It is seventy-five feet high, the 
shaft being one solid block of granite 
forty-two feet long. Among the other 
points of interest are the cadets, 
barracks, classrooms, and gymnasium 
Kosciusko's monument, and the ruins 
of Fort Putnam. It was here that 
Benedict' Arnold hatched his ini- 
quitous scheme of treason. 

Apart from its educational char- 
acteristics, the place is endowed with 
intrinsic merits of altitude, magnif- 
icent scenery, and excellent soci- 
ety, which make it a popular resting 
place for people from all sections of 
the land. To be reached bv the 
West Shore R. R. 

WESTPORT, N. Y. 
This prosperous little city is 
charmingly situated on the west 
shore of Lake Champlain, overlooking 
the fairest portion of that beautiful 
sheet of water. It has many histor- 
ical associations, such as Split Rock, 
long therecognizedboundary between 
the French and English possessions. 
In itself an important summer 
resort, it is known chiefly through 
its superb situation as one of the 
principal gateways to the Adirondack 
region. 



To be reached by the. New York 
Central & Hudson River R. R. 



WHITEHALL, N. Y. 

A town of 4,500 inhabitants,^ 
situated at the S. end of Lake Cham- 
plain, at the foot of Skenes Mt. 221 
miles from New York. 

Its chief industry is lumber. 
Reached by the, N. Y. Cen. & Hud. 
Riv. R. R. 

WHITE PLAINS, N. Y. 

22 miles from New York, 

via N. Y. Cen. & Hud. Riv. R. R., 

has 4,000 inhabitants; it was the 

scene of the eventful battle in 1776. 

YONKERS, N. Y. 
15 miles from New York; via the 
N. Y. Central & Hudson River R. R., 
beautifully situated on the E. side 
of the Hudson, at the mouth of 
Neperan or Saw-Mill River, opposite 
the Palisades; it is in fact a suburb 
of N. Y. City, It has 32,000 inhab- 
itants. The Manor House, built in 
1682, is now the City Hall. Nearby 
is Locust Hill, where the American 
troops were encamped in 1781. 



283 



N EW YORK CITY. 



The traveler arriving by the 
steamers of the North German Lloyd 
lands in Hoboken, after passing the 
most beautiful and most lively harbor 
of the world. The steamer stops at 
Quarantine, where, after the doctor's 
visit, some custom-house officers 
come on board, to get the "declara- 
tion" of the baggage from the 
passengers. 

Cabin passengers may go ashore 
as soon as the vessel is made fast 
and will find custom-house inspectors 
ready to examine their baggage on 
the wharf. Open your trunks, hand 
to the inspector your declaration, 
be polite, and you will be well 
treated. 

There are many entrances to New 
York. 14 regular steamship lines 
bring passengers from Europe; 15 
companies from South and Central 
America and the ports along the 
Gulf of Mexico and the South Atlan- 
tic Coast; 14 differerent lines of 
steamboats come down the Hudson 
and from Long Island Sound. Five 
important railway termini are 
located on the western bank of the 
Hudson, being connected with New 
York by ferries. On the eastern 
bank of the East River are the depots 
of the Long Island R. R., and in the 
center of the metropolis stands the 
Grand Central Depot. 

STEAMSHIP LANDINGS. 
Transatlantic Steamers. 

Allan-State Line. — Pier foot of 
W. 21 St. N. R. from Glasgow and 
Londonderry. 



American Line. — Pier 14, foot 
of Fulton St. N. R. From South- 
ampton. 

Anchor Line. — Pier 54, foot of 
W. 27 St. N. R.' From Glasgow. 

Compagnie Generale Transatlan- 
tique. — Pier 42, foot of Morton 
St. N. R. From Havre. 

Cunard Line. — Pier 40, foot of 
Clarkson St. N. R. From Liverpool. 

Florio - Rubattino Line. — Medi- 
terranean Piers, near Wall St. Ferry, 
Brooklyn. 

Hamburg-American Packet Com- 
pany. Pier foot of 1st and Newark 
Sts.^ Hoboken, N. J. From Hamburg. 

Netherlands Line. — Pier, foot of 
5 th St. Hoboken. From Rotterdam 
and Amsterdam. 

North German Lloyd. — Pier, 
foot of 2d St. Hoboken. From Bremen 
and from Genoa. 

Red Star Line. — Pier 14, foot 
Fulton St. N. R. From Antwerp. 

Thingvalla Line. — Pier, foot of 
4 th St. Hoboken. FromChristiansand 
and Copenhagen. 

White Star Line. — Pier 45, foot 
of W, 10 th St. N. N. From Liver- 
pool. 

Wilson Line. — Pier, foot of 
Montague St. Brooklyn. From London 
and Hull. 

COASTWISE STEAMSHIPS. 

Atlas Steamship Company. — Pier 
55, foot of W. 25 th St. N. R. From 
West Indies. 

Central American Steamship Line. 
— Pier, North Central Dock Atlantic 
Basin, Brooklyn. Fiom Kingston, 
Greytown, etc, 



884 



THE — ~ 



Equitable Life Assurance Society 

of the XJiSriTEO STATED 



No. 120 BROADWAY 



NEW YORK 



This Company is tiie surest and enjoys tlie most prominent position 
among ali otiier companies in tiie World. 

TheASSETS are over . . . , $236,000,000 

„ SURPLUS on a 4% standard, exceeds . . $ 50.000.000 
„ SURPLUS is also more than any other Company by 1 15.000.000 

THE GUARiNTEED CASH-YiLUE POLICY, 

although of recent adoption, is extensively patronized, it affords 
every possible protection, and strongly recommends itself. 

TWELVE SPECIAL ADVANTAGES 

1st: The immediate payment of the policy in the event of death. 

2nd : Incontestability after one year. 

3rd: Freedom as to residence, travel and occupation, after the 
first year. 

4th: A guaranteed Cash surrender value, increasing annually, 
after the third year. 

5th: A guaranteed surrender value in Paid up Assurance, in- 
creasing annually after the third year. 

6th: A loan, at S"/o interest, on the third or any subsequent 
anniversary of the assurance. 

7th: A Cash Bonus at the end of a period of twenty years (or 
fifteen years, if perf erred). 

8th : The choice of eight-options at the end of the period, under 
one of which the policy may be either continued or surren- 
dered on most liberal terms. 

9th: An annually increasing surrender value if the policy is 

continued beyond the period, 
loth: Dividends from surplus subsequently earned, if the policy 

is continued beyond the period, 
nth: Thirty days grace in the payment of all premiums. 
12th: The right (given to the assured) to change the beneficiary 
at pleasure. 

CHARLES A. BRYAN, manager. 

83 

— == BRANCH OFFICE: = — 



MERCHANTS' BUILDING 



9 and 4 STONE STREET 
17 to 23 BRIDGE STREET 

NEW YORK. 
M. FARMER, Special Representative. 



284 a 



II II o II .0 II II o II O |l 



J 



w< 







BANKERS 

46 WALL STBEET 



V, 



NEW YORK, City. 



56 



I SSUE LETTERS OF CREDIT, 
DRAFTS AND CHECKS, 
AVAILABl-E IN ALL PARTS 



OF THE WORLD. 



•284 d 



^ 



Columbian Line. — Pier 43, foot 
of Barrow St. From Colon. 

Clyde Steamship Company. — 
Pier 29, E. R.. foot of Roosevelt St. 
From Charleston and Jacksonville. 

Compania Transatlantica. — Pier 
10, E. R.. foot Old Slip. From 
Cuba and Mexico. 

Cromwell Line. — Pier 9, N. R., 
foot of Rector St. FromNew Orleans. 
Maine Steamship Company. — Pier 
38, E. R., foot Market St. From 
Portland. 

Mallory Line. — Pier 20, E. R., 
Burling Slip. From Galveston, Key 
W est, Femandina, and Brunswick. 

New York & Cuba Mail Steamship 
Company. — Piers 16 and 17, E. R., 
foot of Wall St. From Havana and 
other ports in Cuba, Mexico, and 
Nassau. 

Old Dominon Steamship Company. 

— Pier 26, N. R., foot of Beach St. 
From Norfolk, Richmond, etc. 

Pacific Mail Steamship Company. 

— Pier 34, N. R., foot of Canal St. 
From California, China, and Japan, 
via Isthmus of Panama. 

Quebec Steamship Company. — 
Bermuda and West Indies Line. — : 
Pier 47 N. R., foot of W. 10 th St. 
From Bermuda and Windward 
Islands. 

Red D. Lines. — Pier, Pierrepont 
Stores, Brooklyn. From Cm-acao, 
and Venezuelan ports. 

Royal Dutch West Indies Mail 
Line. — Pier, foot Joralemon St., 
Brooklyn. From West Indies and 
Venezuela. 

Savannah Line. — Pier 35, N R., 
foot of Spring. St. From Savannah. 

RAILWAY STATIONS. 

Central R. R. of New Jersey. 
Baltimore & Ohio, and Philadelphia 
& Reading R. R., and dependencies. 
Ferry Pier No. l5, foot of Liberty 
St., New York. Terminus of the 
Royal Blue Line for Philadelphia, 
Baltimore, Washington, and the 
West. 

Pennsylvania Railroad aud leased 
lines, Lehigh Valley, N. Y., Susque- 
hahna & Western, N. J. Midland, 
Jersey City, with feiTies to the foot 
of Cortland and Desbrosses and 23d 
Sts. For Brooklyn take the Annex 
boat from the Jersey City side. 



New York, Lake Erie &; Western 
("Erie") RaUway, Chicago & Erie 
R. R., and local dependencies, Pavon- 
ia Av. , Jersey City, reaching New 
York by ferries to Chambers St. 
and W. 23d St. 

Delaware, Lackawanna & Western, 
and Morris & Essex R. Rs., have a 
depot in Hoboken, whence ferries 
ply to Barclay St., and to Cristopher 
St. New York. 

The West Shore and the Ontario 
& Western R. Rs., and their -w^estern 
connections, have a depot at Weehaw- 
ken, north of Hoboken. A down-towoi 
ferry lands passengers at the foot of 
Franklin St., near Chambers; and 
an up-town ferry crosses direct to 
the foot of W. 42d St. 

New York Central & Hudson 
River R. R., the New York & Harlem 
R. R., and the New York, New Haven 
& Hartford R. R. imite their termini 
in the Grand Central Depot in E. 
42d St. 

The Grand Central Depot is a 
large building in the French style, 
which faces 42 d St. across Fourth 
Ave., and extends along Vanderbilt 
Ave. for almost three blocks. 

The Long Island R. R. discharges 
its passengers in Brooklyn at its 
station on Flatbush Ave. and its 
station on East River, in Long Island 
City, whence feiTies carry passengers 
to New York at James Slip (down- 
town, near Fulton St.), or at the 
foot of E. 34th St. 

The New York & Putnam R. R. 
runs northward through Westchester 
and Putnam counties to Brewster's 
where it joins the Harlem R. R., and 
connects with the New York & 
New England R. R. for Hart.ord and 
eastern points. Its station in New 
York is at the terminus of the Sixth 
Ave. El. Ry,; but it has a station 
for the receipt and delivery of bag- 
gage in the El. Ry. station at Eight 
Ave. and 53 d St. 

Raymond & WhUcomb, New York, 
Boston, Philadelphia, Cleveland, Chi- 
cago, etc., arrange tours to all parts 
of the world. Their special vestibuled 
train service, embodying every com- 
fort and luxury, makes it possible to 
visit Mexico, California and other 
portions of the South and West with 
a degree of comfort that can be 



285 



attained in no other wa3^ Those 
traveling under this firm's auspices 
are relieved by its personal repres- 
entatives and interpreters of all 
details, such as checking baggage, 
engaging sleeping car and liotel 
accommodations, and other incon- 
veniences experienced traveling in a 
strange land. They supply railroad 
and steamship tickets ever)^where 
and can furnish exact and reliable 
advice regardmg the hotels and other 
needful information, and have a large 
collection of printed and illustrated 
matter bearing on the hotels, resorts, 
picturesque regions, products, etc., 
which will be of material assistance 
to any one contemplating a tour of 
America. 

HACKS AND CABS. 

Carriages or cabs may be hired 
at the following rates; Two-horse 
coaches, by the hour, $1,50 for the 
first hour, and 75 cents for each 
succeeding half-hour; by the mile, 
$1 for the first mile and 40 cents 
for each succeeding half-mile. One- 
horse cabs, by the hour, $1 for the 
first, and 50 cents for each succeeding 
half-hour; by the mile, 50 cents for 
the fu-st mile, and 25 cents for each 
succeding half-mile. 

Cabs-by the mile. 50 cts. for the 
first mile, and 25 cts. for each 
additional half-mile. For stops over 
five minutes and not exceeding 
fifteen, 25 cts.; for longer stops, 
25 cts. for each fifteen minutes. 
This tariff includes Hansom cabs. 

Coaches-by the mile. One dollar 
for the first mile and each additional 
half-mile 40 cts. By distance for 
"stops" 38 cts. for each fifteen 
minutes. For brief stops not over 
five minutes, no charge. By the 
Hour, f 1,50 first hour, and each 
succeeding half-hour 75 cts. 

The legal fares are understood to 
be for one or two persons in a cab, 
or for one, two, tlu^ee, or four 
persons in a carriage; while children 
under 8 years are to be caixied free 
when accompanied by adults. It also 
includes the carrying of one trunk; 
for additional baggage a special 
bargain must be made. 

The fare everywhere on the 
Elevated railroads and on all the 



surface cars is five cents without 
regard to distance. 

BAGGAGE EXPRESS. 

On all important incoming trains, 
a uniformed agent for either N. Y. 
Transfer Co. or Westcott's baggage 
delivery company passes thr^ough the 
train seeking orders. He will take 
your checks, giving a receipt there 
for, and deliver your baggage to 
any part of New York, Brooklyn, or 
Jersey Cit3^ The payment may be 
made in advance or on receipt of the 
article at the house, which will be 
in the course of two hours, ordi- 
narily, if not earlier. In addition 
to these transfer companies, several 
other carriers have offices near the 
great stations and steamer-landings. 
These expressmen usually charge the 
same rates as those above mentioned. 
Out-side of these are a legion of 
small proprietors of '.'expresses", and 
individual owners of job-wagons, 
whose charge is only 25 cents a 
piece. 

Ordinary baggage may be taken 
with you it you employ a hackman. 
and the delay, otherwise inevitable, 
will be avoided. The hotel omnibus- 
es get baggage for their patrons 
very promptly also. For those who 
do not hire cabs or caiTiages, that 
American institution, the "express de- 
livery service" is easily available hoie. 

CAUTION. 

Never give tip your check to any 
cne, but a uniform.ed train-solicitor, 
or a regular office agent or porter 
of either the transportation company 
which holds the baggage or of the 
express company to which you mean 
to intrust it; always take a receipt; 
and never give up your checks, if 
you claim your baggage yourself, 
to any person except the uniformed 
baggagemen of the railway or steam- 
boat line b)^ which you have 
traveled. 

OUTGOING BAGGAGE. 

When you get ready to leave the 
city, an expressman will call at your 
house, and take and deliver your 
baggage at any station for from 25 
to .40 cents a piece. Dodd's and 
Westcott's companies (both of which 



280 



have many branch offices in New 
York and in all the adjoining cities) 
will check your baggage at the 
house to your destination in any 
part of the coimtr}^, so that you 
need not have to trouble with it at 
the railway station, but you must 
have bought your railway ticket in 
advance, and must pay 10 cents 
additional for the accommodations. 



HOTELS. 



New York possesses a gxea* 
quantity of Hotels for all tastes and 
pocketbooks from the luxurious 
palace-buildings and royal iaterior 
appointments of a Waldorf-Astoria, 
or Savoy or Netherland to the cheap 
but comfortable Mill's House. Most 



of the hotels have adopted both the 
American and European plan, fur- 
nishing lodging, meals at fixed-hours, 
attendance, etc. at a certain price a 
day or furnishing only lodging. In 
any hotel however, no "extras" will 
be charged, unexpectedly swelling 
the bill, as so vexatiously happens 
in Europe. 

The monumental hotel-edifices will 
be mentioned at the proper place. 
For travelers seeking home-like 
quarters under moderate conditions 
we may mention " The Bellevedere" , 
a good German Hotel at the comer 
of 4 th Ave. and 18 th St. The hotel 
has excellent cuisine and service, and 
every employee speaks German and 
English; The Bellevedere is centrally 
located, near the Elevated Railroads 



ALL MODERN IMPROVEMENTS 
UP-TO-DATE SERVICE. 
ELECTRIC LIGHT. 
STEAM HEAT. 




J. J. SMITH 

Proprietor. 



NEW YORK 



stations. " The Union Square 
Hotel" on the E. side of Union 
Square, corner 15 th St., is also 
under German management and has 
not only a central, but also a 
beautiful location. A very good 
Restaurant and Cafe is attached to 
the hotel, which is much frequented 
by foreigners from Central and South 
America and European business men 
and artists. 

Hotel Bernard, 161-163 Lexington 
Ave. comer 30th St. is a good hotel 
at moderate prices, frequented by 
French and Spanish families. 

The Rembrandt is a hotel up- 
town, corner 98th St. and Amsterdam 
Ave. with all modern improvements 
and up to date service. 

It will pay every passenger arriving 
at or leaving New York by the 



North German Lloyd or any other 
steamship line to pay a visit to 
Raub's Central Railroad Hotel foi- 
the following reasons. 

1. On account of its convenient lo- 
cation at the comer of Liberty and 
West Sts. near the following ferries : 
Liberty St. ferry of the Central 
Railroad Co. of New Jersey, Cort- 
land St. ferry of the Pennsylvania 
Railroad Co., Barclay St. ferry for 
Hoboken, where the North Ger- 
man Llo3'd, Hambm'g-American and 
Rotterdam steamships land their 
pafsenger.'^, and near the piers of 
the American line, and Antwerp 
Line of steamers. It is particularly 
convenient for such European 
passengers, who remain only a short 
time in New York and wish to 
proceed by the Pennsylvannia Rail- 

87 



road, Jersey Central, Delaware, 
Nackawanna & Western Railroad 
and the Erie Railroad to the West. 

2. On account of its being a first- 
class hotel, containing tastefull_v 
furnished rooms, equipped with 
electric lights and bells, also telephon- 
ic and telegraphic accomodations, 
combined with an excellent cuisine 
on the European and American plans 
(at the very reasonable price of 
from $ 2,00 to $ 2,50 per day) and 
prompt service day and night. A 
special feature is a very good and 
substantial table d'hote dinner at 
fifty cents per cover, including a 
pint of imported wine, also a large 
assortment of imported and domestic 
wines, beers, etc. kept constantly at 
the proper temperature. 

3. On account of the fact that the 
proprietor and attendants will, at 
any time, give correct information 
to travellers in regard to railroads 
steamship lines, etc. and also furnish 
reliable guides for New York city 
and vicinit)\ 

Boarding Houses, Furnished 
Rooms, Private lodging^, are prefer- 
red to a hotel b)^ many persons. 
By this is meant the rental of a 
furnished room, with possibly the 
taking of breakfast in the same 
house, or breakfast and dinner. 
These institutions are plentiful in all 
parts of the city and gxade from 
$ 5, — a week to thousands of 
dollars for the year. 

The morning news-papers contain 
long list of descriptive advertisements 
which may be followed up, or an 
applicant may advertise for what he 
wants, and get a quantity of answers 
in a short time, or walking through 
the street, which you may like, ask 
to be sho'wai the rooms advertised 
by a tiny paper pasted upon the 
front door. 

RESTAURANTS. 

No city can be better supplied with 
restaurants and eating houses of 
every kind than New York. They 
are ni every quarter of the city and 
represent every grade of excellence. 
It is impossible to mention here all 
the places noted for a particular 
style of meal or delicacy. But in 
whatever quarter you are, you will 



find some good, if not excellent 
Restaurant. Visiting the business 
district don't fail to lunch at one 
of the swell down-town Restaurants; 
e. g. the Cafe and Restatirant in 
Old Cotton Exchange Building, 1 — 2 
Hannover Square, where many mem- 
bers of the export, import and commis- 
sion trade regularly take theirilunch. 
Prompt service and excellent imported 
domestic beers and imported wines 
can be had at moderate prices. Mess. 
Stuetzle Brs. are the hospitable 
proprietors. 

Interesting is a visit to the Cafe 
of Wiehl & Widmann, Beaver St.. 
near the Produce Exchange, where 
the artistic element meets the business 
world; this place has always some 
fine paintings on exhibition. Don't 
fail, to have laid before you the 
collection of "jokes", made by the 
proprietor. 

Fvuther up, cor Nassau and Liberty . 
Sts., in the basement of one of the 
stupendous office buildings is the 
Restaurant and Cafe " Ltndingei'" , 
fill ed at the lunch-hours with business 
men of all branches. The Cafe is 
exceedingly well managed, and the 
most celebrated foreign and domestic 
beers and Rhinewines are sold here. 

Further up, the Restaurant of Otto 
Emmerich is located, 273-277 Broad- 
way, corner Chambers Street. This 
is one of the best knowm places of 
its kind in New York; it was founded 
by Fr. HoUender & Co. The table 
is excellent and beer and wine of 
the choicest quality. The Restaurant 
is very handy for visitors of the City 
Hall and the Post Office and is much 
patronized by prominent people in 
public and private life. Newspaper 
men, merchants and Government 
and City officers are to be met there 
at any time. 

Nearer to the center of the City 
and in proximity to the retail trade 
district, in the direct neighborhood 
of the Ii-ving Place Theatre and the 
Academy of Music, the famous 
Restaurant of Aug. Luchow is situated. 
The leading German Restam-ant is 
located in spacious buildings, from 
108 to 114 E. 14th St. ft is the 
Rendez-vous of the best society, and 
the -visitor is liable to find here at 
lunch, or supper, or after the theatre 



288 



his friends, artists, fellow travelers, 
etc. etc. The Wiirzburger Hofbrau, 
which is imported by Mr. Llichow, 
is one of the best known export beers 
and widely introduced in the United 
States. Every one in the Restaurant 
speaks German. The cooking is ex- 
cellent and universally appreciated. 
There is hardly a German visitor 
to New York and many sons and 
daughters of other nations, who fail 
to visit this Restaurant. 

A couple of 'houses farther West, 
No. 102 E. 14th St., just opposite 
Steinway Hall, is another very good 
Restaurant and Cafe under the mana- 
gement of Mr. Ernst Wiehl. It 
IS much frequented by journalists 
and members of the theatrical pro- 
fession, who exchange here their 
views, drinking excellent wines and 
beers and eating finely prepared 
meals. The place is very well appoint- 
ed and the general management is 
not sparing of anything, which may 
contribute to the comfort of the 
patrons of the Restaurant and Cafe. 

On Third Ave., near 14th St., 
is one of the oldest German Res- 
taurantSjOf the City. — This place 



is owned by the jovial Mr. 
Schmenger. It is one of the best 
known places of its kind, and each 
evening the meeting place of a select 
part of the best German society. 
Excellent beer and some special 
German dishes are the gastronomic 
attractions of this popular resort. 

One of the best appointed Restaur- 
ants is the well known Scheffel Halle 
located on Third Avq. and 17th St. 
This Restaurant is decorated in the 
old German-style and offers many 
interesting views to the visitors. 
The best society frequents Scheffel 
Halle, and for this as well as for 
the excellent table and beverages it 
is highly recommendable. 



RESTAURANT AND HOTEL 
"HUNGARIA". 

Is a very good restaurant for ladies 
and gentlemen on Union Square 
No. 4, near 14th St. It is a well 
known family restaurant, has an ex- 
cellent cuisine and very good wines 
and beers, and is well worth a visit. 



...GREAT FAMILY HOTELS...... 

Excellence Without Extravagance. 



BROADWAY 
CENTRAL 

New York. 



UNITED 
STATES 

Boston. 



Homelike and 

Comfortable. 
Bountiful Table. 
Prompt Service. 
Moderate Prices. 

THESE HOTELS enjoy the highest respectability and freedom from 
all objectionable features, and recommend themselves to LADIES and 
FAMILIES, for their quiet, orderly management, their clean, well-kept 
rooms, great public parlors, grand halls, and liberal stairways, while 

THEIR LOCATION is absolutely unequalled for Business, Sigbt- 
seeing, or pleasure, the cable and electric car system bring them in 
rapid and direct connection with every steamer dock and Bail Boad 
Stations, all the great stores, theatres, and every attraction of the 
city, seashore, or suburbs. 

Send for TarifT of Charges. 

TILLY HAYNES, Proprietor. 

2S9 



CAFE SCHUMANN. 

Is a well known Restaurant and 
Bakery, 127 and l29 4 th Ave., be- 
tween 12 th and 13 th Sts. It is a 
branch of "Old Stand", 383 Boweiy, 
between 5 th and 6 th Sts. 

Nearer to the Austrian-Hungarian 
district, No. 156 Second Ave., is the 
Cafe Boulevard, aViennaRestaurant. 
On certain evenings a Hungarian 
Gypsy Band gives concerts here (no 
entrance fee is charged). Many of 
the -European news-papers may be 
found in the reading room. This 
place has Summer and Winter 
Gardens, and gives very good meals, 
Table d'hote and a la Carte. Imported 
beers are always on draught. Cafe 
Boulevard is much appreciated by 
all lovers of Chess-playing. 

"THE ROOST". 

249 W. Fourth St., coiner Charles 
Street is a cafe, where prominent 
gentlemen from the provinces of 
Prussia meet. It is a safe and good 
resort. Among the up-town Cafes 
we ma)^ direct attention to the follow- 
ing: Near the west entrance of Central 
Park at the Northwest cor. of Grand 
Circle is situated an ideal resting 
place for promenaders and bicyclist 
and other pleasure seekers, and visit- 
ors of the lovely and well known 
Park ; it is the Klondyke Hotel, prop. 
A. Ruehl. There is a concert every 
evening. On Sunday an Hungarian 
and German orchestra alternate from 
2 p. m. to 12 in the evening. The 
best imported and domestic beers 
are on di^aught, among them the 
celebrated Kress special Brew; the 
imported wines are of the choicest 
quality, and the cuisine is unexcelled. 

AUG. F. SCHMIDT, HOTEL AND 
RESTAURANT. 

411 Boulevard, cor. BOth St. It 
IS a resort for gentlemen, and rooms 
are rented to gentlemen only. 

THE CENTURY HOTEL AND 
SUMMER GARDEN. 

Is 216 W. 84th St., near the Boule- 
vard. It is a popular resort for 
wheel-men, who rest here and refresh 
themselves after a good ride. 



The most importan thoroughfare 
in Harlem is 125th St. ; in this street, 
West No. 149, near Seventh Ave., 
Hollender's Restaurant is located. 
It is a finely appointed establish- 
ment, frequented hj the best society, 
and should not be missed being 
visited. The table at Hollender's is 
excellent, and the beers, imported 
and domestic, are of the best. There 
is every evening a good Chamber 
Music Concert. 

PARK HOUSE HOTEL. 

Is still further up-town, 815 Colum- 
bus Ave., cor. 100 th Street. It is a 
good restaurant. Board and furnish- 
ed rooms by the Day or Week, to 
gentlemen only. 

In the most prominent thorough- 
fare in Harlem, 125 th St., at No. 149, 
West, will be found "Hollender's 
Hotel, Restaurant and Palm Garden", 
the largest place in Harlem. This 
establishment is a first class resort 
in every respect, frequented by the 
best society, and runs through from 
125th St. to 126th St., having also 
a separate entrance in 126 th St. 
Everything served is of the best 
qualit)'- and the place is well worth 
a visit. 

GENERAL REMARKS. 

Since January 1 st of this year the 
northern boundary of the city reaches 
Yonkers, Mount Vernon and New 
Rochelle; the limits include all of 
Kings County, that is Brooklyn, and 
as much of Queens Coimty, Long 
Island, as lies West of a line from 
Great Neck to Rockaway, embracing 
Long Island City and its suburbs, 
and the whole of Richmond County 
(Staten Island). This gives an area 
of about 320 square miles, and 
includes a population of 3,000,000 
making New York the second city 
of the world. The real metropolitan 
life is concentrated in the original 
part of this immense territory, on 
Manhattan Island, and the other 
districts are still known and called 
as their names were before the con- 
solidation. The original New York 
Bay, at junction of the Hudson or 
North River, which forms its western 
shore, and of the East River, as the 



?90 



Belvedere House 

18. Stmsse und 4- Avenue. NEW YORK- 

Deutsches Hotel I. R anges. 

Itn Centrum der Stadt gelegen, directe Verbindungen mit 
Tramways und Hochbahnen nach alien Richtungen der Stadt. 

Joseph Wehrle & Sohn 

45 Eigenthilmer. 



HOW TO TRAVEL. 

If you are going to travel it is important to know 
about the proper season, climate, altitude, resorts and 
hotels of the places to be visited and the most desirable 
routes for reaching them. The success of your trip will 
depend largely on your knowledge of these questions. 
Unbiased advice about everything pertaining to travel 
can be had on application : We might add that our tours 
offer the' best facilities for traveling comfortably and 
with the greatest possible relief from those annoyances 
which often mar a trip that would otherwise have been 
a source of benefit and pleasure, but we supplv also 
railroad and steamship tickets at lowest rates to all 
parts of the world. 

RAIMOND & WHITC0M6 

81 East 14th St., Union Sq. West. 

296 Washington St., Boston, Mass. NGW YOlk. 
1005 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. ^ ■ - 

250 Arcade Bldg., Cleveland, 0. 
95 Adams St., Chicago, 111. 28 



291 



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108 TO 114 EAST 14th ST. 



NEW YORK. 



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MOST FASHIONABLE FAMILY RESORT IN NEW YORK, 



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Directors 





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Brooklyn. ^^ 

292 



naiTower portion of Long Island 
Sound is named, which separates it 
from BrookljTi. It occupies the 
entire surface of Manhattan Island, 
Randall, Ward, and Blackwell Islands 
in the E. River, and a portion of the 
mainland, N. of Manhattan Island, 
separated from it by Harlem River 
and Spuy ten Duyvel Creek. Governor's 
Bedloe, and Ellis Islands, in the Bay, 
are used by the United States 
Government. EUis Island is used 
as the landinp)lace of immigrants. 
The extreme length, north from the 
Battery, is 16 miles and the greatest 
width from the Hudson to the mouth 
of Bronx River, 4 miles. The older 
portion of the city, below 14 th St., 
is somewhat irregularly laid out. 
The plan of the upper part includes 
avenues running N. to the boundary 
of the island, and streets running 
across them at ri^ht angles from 
river to river. Ihe avenues are 
numbered from the east to 12 th Ave. 
east of 1st Ave. in the widest part 
of the city are Aves. A,B,C, and D. 
Above 21st., between 3d and 4th 
Aves., is Lexington Ave., and above 
23 d St., between 4 th and 5 th Aves., 
is Madison Ave.; 6th and 7th Aves. 
are intersected by Central Park. 
Above 59th St., on the west side, 
8th Ave. is known as Central Park west ; 
9 the- Ave. as Columbus Ave.; 10th 
Ave as Amsterdam Ave.; 11th Ave. 
as West End Ave., while extending 
along the line of the Hudson River N. 
from 72 d St. is Riverside Ave. St. 
Nicholas Ave starts from 110 th 
and Lenox, the name given to 6 th 
Ave. above Centred Park, and 
extends northward from 100 th St. 
to 123 d St., and thence westward to 
130 th St. and North River. Morning- 
side Ave., east and west, are on 
either side of Morningside Park, 
between 110 th St. and 123 d St. 
Above 125 th St. and in the annexed 
district the avenues and streets are 
still somewhat irregular. The streets 
are numbered consecutively N. to 
225th St., at the end of the island; 
21 blocks including streets, average 
a mde. The house numbers on the 
avenues run N.; those on the streets 
E. and W. from 5 th Ave. The city- 
is compactly built to Harlem, about 
eight and a half miles from the 



Battery. Distances are usually 
estimated from City Hall. 

MODES OF CONVEYANCE. 

Elevated Railways. The system 
of elevated railroads, which embraces 
trains of cars drawn by steam loco- 
motives, now consists of four main 
double-track lines, and a few short 
branches. All come together at the 
southern extremity of the island in 
a terminal station at South Ferry 
alongside the Battery. Two lines are 
on the West Side and two on the 
East, and all run to the Harlem 
River, one (the "Suburban") con- 
tinuing beyond, through Motthaven 
and Morrisania, to 172d St. These 
trains run at intervals of one to two 
minutes (or even less, during the 
busiest hours of morning and even- 
ing) all the day and evening; but 
the Niath Av. liae does not run 
after nine o'clock at night, and from 
midnight to sunrise the intervals 
between trains are from seven to 
fifteen minutes. 

Strangers should be careful to 
note the sign at the foot of the 
station stairs which informs them 
whether that station is for "up- 
town" or "down town" trains. The 
fare on all roads and for all distance 
is 5 cents. A ticket must be bought 
and thrown into the gateman's glass 
"chopper" box at the entrance to 
the platform. On the West-Side, 
certain trains going down-town take 
the Ninth Ave. route, while others 
go via Sixth Ave.; others run only 
as far as Cortlandt or Rector Streets, 
instead of going :jo the ferry. Up- 
town West Side trains go both to 
Harlem and 58th St. (Central Park), 
On the East Side, going down, some 
trains go to South Ferry and others 
to the City HaU; and up-town, both 
Second and Third Av. trains use the 
same track from the Battery to 
Chatham Sq. and must be distmgu- 
ished. The gatemen usually call out 
the destination of each train as it 
approaches, but anyone may quickly 
learn to recognize the signs on the 
locomotives, and the confusion is 
really not so great as it appears to 
be. AU of the roads are now con- 
solidated and under the single own- 



293 



ershlp and management of the Man- 
hattan Railway Co. 

The Ninth Avenue Line. Is the 
oldest, a part of it having been con- 
structed as early as 1870. It extends 
from the Battery up Greenwich St., 
passing- Washington Market and 
overlooking much, of the North River 
water-front, and has stations close 
to Liberty, Desbrosses, and Christ- 
opher St. ferries. At West 14th St. 
it swings into Ninth Av^ runs along 
it to 59th St. where It joins the 
Sixth Av. line. Its upper stations 
are at 14th, 23d, 34th, 42d, 50th, 
and 59th Sts. 

Sixth Avenue Line. This is the 
main West Side line. From South 
Ferry it skirts Battery Park, to 
Battery Place, which is the station 
for Coney Island and other steam- 
boats that sail from pier I, N. R., 
and for the Washington Building, 
Produce Exchange, foreign consul- 
ates, steamship offices, and lower 
Broadway generally. The course is 
then up New Chm-ch St. Rector St. 
is the station for Wall St.; Cortlandt 
St. is the station for Jersey City 
and Communipaw ferries, for the 
Glen Island boats; Park Place, is 
the station for Newspaper Sq., the 
Post Office, City Hall, Court House, 
and Brooklyn Bridge. The line now 
turns one block west through Mur- 
ray St. to the station at Chambers 
St. The course is next up West 
Broadway through the wholesale 
grocery and dry goods district. 
Franklm, Grand, aud Bleeker are the 
street stations, tbe last in the French 
quarter and close to Washington Sq. 

Turning; west through W. 3d St., 
the line is carried over to the foot 
of Sixth Av„ and its next station, at 
8th St., is under the shadow of 
Jefferson Market and the clock-tower 
of the attached, police court and 
prison. The stations at 14th, 18th, 
23d, and 28th Sts., are the stations 
for the retail trade and in proximity 
to the Theatres. So are 33d and 
42d Street Stations, at the 50th St. 
station, passengers for Central Park 
change cars, unless they are on a 
CentralPark train, which will carry 
them straight ahead to 58th St. and 
a Park entrance. 



. The Harlem trains turn westward 
and pass through 53d St. (with a 
station at Eight Av.) to Ninth Av., 
where the line again turns north- 
ward up Ninth Av. The stations on 
this Avenue are at 59th, 67th, 72d, 
81st Sts. (stations for the American 
Museum of Natural History), 93d, 
and 104th Sts. The track is here 
at a considerable height above the 
pavement, but at 110th St. it turns 
eastwai-d to Eight Av. and then 
turns up that avenue upon an iron 
trestle-work which is an example of 
audacious engineering. The ground 
is low here, and the track is carried 
across it on a level with the fifth- 
story windows of the liou$es. 

This makes an elevator necessary 
to reach the station platform at 
116 th St. A few blocks beyond 
St. Nicholas Av. the ancient country 
road to King's Bridge and Albany 
is crossed diagonally, the density of 
the population increases, and the 
next stop is in a lofty station at 
Harlem (W. '125th St), where the 
busy appearance of a down -town 
avenue meets the eye. . Change here 
for the cable road to River Side 
Park, Ft. Lee Ferry. Near 135th St. 
station is the great R. C. Convent 
of the Sacred Heart. The engine- 
houses and shops of the company 
are at 145 th St. or Carmansville 
station; and half a mile beyond it, 
the terminus is reached at 155 th St. 
Here is the Harlem River, and the 
great iron viaduct overhead, wich 
continues W. 155 th St. by an easy 
slope from Washington Heights 
down to the new McComb's Dam 
bridge, which forms the great drive- 
way to King's Bridge Road and the 
north. This viaduct overlooks the 
Polo Grounds and a long stretch of 
the Harlem Valley. . : . ; , 

This station is the terminus of the 
New York & Putnam R. R. which 
goes northward into Putnam County; 
by it are reached (within the city 
limits) High Bi"idge, Berkeley Oval, 
Morris '. Heigbts, Fordham , Heights, 
Kingsbjcidgeville, and Van tortlandt 
— the; lastJmamed ..station for tlje 
great Van. Qortlandt Park and Lakeu 
where the best skating, in. this part 
of the State is obtainable, .whenever 
there is ice anywhere. The trains 



294 



run every few minutes, especially 
on Sunday, and some connect through 
into New England. A branch, diverg- 
ing at Van Cortlandt Park, forms 
a rapid transit line to Yonkers. As 
the road is owned by the New York 
Central Company, tickets to and 
from Yonkers are good on the 
Hudson River R. R. to the Grand 
Central Depot, and vice versa. 

The through time from South Ferry 
to Central Park by the Sixth Av. 
line is 28 minutes; to 155th St. one 
hour. 

The Third Avenue Line. — Runs 
from South Ferry along water St. 
to Jeanette Park. It then turns into 
Pearl St., and makes its first stop at 
Hanover Square, the station for 
Wall St. Winding on through narrow 
Pearl St., Fulton St. is next reached, 
close to Fulton Ferry and Market; 
the ingenuity with which a portion 
of the old United States Hotel has 
been converted into entrances and 
station rooms, securing a platform 
in the narrow street is worth atten- 
tion. At Franklin Square, the next 
station, you are right under the 
approach to the Brooklyn Bridge. 
From Franklin Square, up the new 
Bowery, the train passes through 
the rough region of the Fourth 
Ward. Chatham Sq. is the busiest 
elevated station in New York. Here 
the branch from the City Hall conies 



in and the Second Av. Line begins. 
There are two platforms, and pas- 
sengers should be careful lo learu 
whether they do not need to change 
cars here to reach their destination. 
The station covers the upper part 
of the "square", which is formed by 
the intersection of several streets. 

The Bowery begins here. It is 
northward, up the Bowery, that the 
Third Av. line proceeds. The stations 
in the Bowery, are at Canal St., 
Grand St., and Houston Street. The 
next station is on Third Av. at 
Ninth St. The other stations on 
Third Av. area at 14 th, 18 th, 23 d 
28 th, 34th Sts. (here a branch line 
runs east to the Long Island Ferry), 
42 d (branch line west to Grand 
Central Depot), 53d, 59 th, 67 th, 
76 th, 84 th, 89 th, 98 th, 106 th, 116 th, 
125 th and 129 th Streets. Here pas- 
sengers going farther must change 
to the suburban branch, which 
carries them to 172d St. and Third 
Av. (Tremont). 

Second Avenue Line. — Begins 
at Chatham Sq., and passes thence 
northward through Division, Allen, 
and First and Second Avs. to the 
Harlem River, where it connects 
with the terminus of the suburban 
road spoken of above. Its stations 
are Chatham Square, Canal St. 
(near Essex Market and Police 



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295 



Court), Rivington St., Houston St., 
St. Mark's Place, 14 th St., 19 th St., 
23d St. (where the road turns from 
First into Second Ave.). 

34th St. (Long Island R. R., and 
Manhattan Beach), 42d St., 50 th St., 
57 th St., 65 th St., 70 th St., 80 th St., 
86 th St., 93 d St. (Astoria ferry), 
105 th St., 111th St., 116 th St., 120 th 
St., and the Harlem River terminus. 
The time between Chatham Sq. 
and Harlem is about 35 minutes. 

It only remains to mention that 
an elevated Ry. station is at the 



New York terminus of the Brooklyn 
Bridge, beside the City Hall, and 
near the Post Office. Alternate trains 
on the Third Av. go thither without 
change; from the Second Av. line, 
change at Chatham Sq. for Second 
Ave. line. There is duect communica- 
tion between the platforms of the 
Bridge cars. 

Street Cars. — Cable, electric, and 
horse-cars run through all the prin- 
cipal Streets except 5th Av. and 
afford excellent means of communi- 
cation They may be classed as 



'% 




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MAIN RETAIL STORE : 

16 West 23D St., New York. | 

DOWN-TOWN BRANCH : 

166 Broadway. New York. 



125 



^ 



avenue lines, running North and 
South, and crosstown Tines rimning 
between the ferries of the North and 
East Rivers. There is one line of 
stages, plying along 5th Av. be- 
tween Washington Square and the 
Metropolitan Museum of Art 72d St., 
fare 5 cents. Manhattan is kept in 
communication with the sun-ounding 
shores, by large boats, making reg- 
ular trips, between certain points, 
these ferries are the following. 

To Astoria. — From E. 92d St., 
every 15 minutes. 



To Bay Ridge and Coney Island 
routes. — : From the Battery half- ' 
hourly. . . 

To Bedloe's Island (Statue of 
Liberty). — From the Battery, hourly 
to 7,30 p. m. 

To Blackwell's Island. — Foot of 
E. 26th St., twice daily. 

To College Point. — From E. 99th 
St., hourly during daylight, calling 
at North Beach. 

To Brooklyn. — As follows: 

To 39th St., South Brooklyn. 
.. Jrom the Battery. 



296 



To Hamll,tQn Av., from the 
Battery. 

To Atlantic Av., from the Battery. 

To Montague St. from Wall St. 
■ (does not run evenings or 

Sundaj'^s). 

To Fulton St. from Fulton St. 

To Bridge St. from James St. 

To Main St. from Catherine St. 

To Broadway, E. D., from Roose- 
velt St. "■; 

To Broadway, E.D„ from Grand St. 
To Grand St., E. D.. from Grand St. 
To Grand St., E. D., from Hous- 
ton St. 
To Greenpoint (Brooklyn, E. D.) 
- from E. 10th St. 
To Broadway, E. D., from E. 

23d St. 
To Greenporut, E. D., from E. 
23d St. 
To Fort Lee. — From W. 129th 
St., half-hourly via Undercliff. 

To Governor's Island. — From 
the Battery, hourly. 
To Hoboken. — As follows: 
To First St. (D ,-L, & W. R. R.) 

from Barclay St. 
To the same point,- from Christ- 
opher St. 
To 14th St. (Elysian Fields), 
fi-om 14th St. 
To Jersey City'. — As follows: 
To Communipaw (Central R. R. 

of N. J.), from Liberty St. 
To Montgomery St. (Pennsyl- 
vania R. R.) from Cortlaridt St. 
To the same point, from Des- 

brosses St.' , 
To the same point, . from W. 

23d St. 
To Pavonia Av. ("Erie" R. R.), 

from Chambers St. 
To Bay St., from W. 13th St. 
To Pavonia Av. ("Erie" R. R.), 
from W. 23d St. 
To Long Island City. — As fol- 
lows: 

To Himter's Point (Long Island 

R. R.), from James Slip. 
To the same point, from E. 
34th St. 
To Staten Island. — To St. 
George's (St I. Rapid Transit R. R.), 
from.the Battery, half-hourly till mid- 
night. 
To Weehawken: 
To West Shore R. R. station, 
from Franklin St. 



To North Weehawken, from W. 

42d St. 
To West Shore R. R. station, 
from W. 42d St. 

Besides the ferries, communication 
with, Brooklyn and the part of the 
city, situated , north of the Harlein 
River, is made by bridges. The East 
River or Brooklyn Bridge is a mag- 
nificent structure. ,, 

Its terminus in New York,' is op- 
posite City Hall Park; the terminus 
m Brooklyn is in the Plaza at Fulton 
and Sand Sts., where all the Elevated 
railroads have their termini, in a 
covered Union Station. The bridge 
has two drives, a loot walk, paved 
with asphalt and" a double track 
cable railroad. The walk across is 
delightful and seats are scattered 
along the broad promenade. The 
fare on the bridge-car is 3 cents, 
two tickets are sold for 5 cents. The 
average number of persons crossing 
the bridge is about 100,000 : daily. 
The total length is one and a qiiarter 
miles, the width 85 ft., the height 
above the water in the center is 135 
feet. This triumph of engineering 
was planned by Col. John A. Roeb- 
ling and built by his son Washington 
'Roebling, it was 13 years construct- 
ing, and cost about $15,000,000; 
considered as one of the wonders 
of the world, no visitor should mi^s 
seeing it. 

The most interestmg hours are 
between 4 and 6 o'clock in the 
afternoon. 

Several large bridges cross the 
Harlem: there is a railway bridge 
at Second Av. ; an iron draw-bridge 
for general traffic at Third Av. ; a 
great draw-bridge, which brings all 
the railways centering in the Grand 
Central Depot, at Fourth Ave.; an- 
other ' bridge spans the River at 
Madison Av. Next comes the- New 
York Central Bridge, just above it 
is the railv^'ay : bridge of the New 
York & Putnain R. R., further up, 
is High Bridge, the Croton Acqueduct 
across the Harlem River Valley at 
175th St. A short distance above 
it another remarkable structure, called 
the' Washington Bridge, spans the 
stream. 

Churches. — There are nearly 500 
churches of aU denominations in the 



297 



14' 




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city, and at any of them the visitor 
is sure of a polite reception. The 
following are the principal of those 
the Sunday services of which are 
most attended by strangers: Trinity 
Church (Episcopal), in Broadway, 
opposite Wall St., with cathedral 
choral service; Trinity Chapel (Epis- 
copal), 25th St., near Broadway; St. 
George's (Episcopal), in Stuyvesant 
Sq., E. 16th St.; Grace Chmch 
(Episcopal), Broadway, near 10th St., 
fine music; and St. Mary the Viigin 
(Ritualistic), 135 W. 46th St. Of 
the Roman Catholic chinches, the 
Cathedral of St. Patrick (5th Ave. 
between 50th and 51st Sts.), St. Leo's 
(11 E. 28th St.), and St. Stephen's 
(149 E. 28th St., famed for its 
musical services), are most attended. 
The Presbyterian churches of Dr. 
John Hall (cor. 5th Ave. and 55th 
St.) and the Brick Church (5th Ave. 
and 37th St.) are very popular ; also 
the Methodist Madison Ave. Chirrch 
(cor. 60th St. and Madison Ave.); 
the Unitarian Church of All Souls 
(cor. 4th Ave. and 20th St.), and the 
Church of the Messiah (cor. Park 
Ave. and 34th St.); the Universalist 
Church of the Divine Paternity (cor. 
5th Ave. and 45th St.). Among the 
Baptist churches are Fifth Avenue 
(6 W. 46th St.) and Judson Me- 
morial (S. Washington Square); the 
Congregational Tabernacle (cor. 
Broadway and 34th St.); the Re- 
formed Dutch Collegiate Churches 
(cor. 5th Ave. and 29th St. and cor. 
5th Ave. and 48th St.) : the Sweden- 
borgian Church (114 E. 35th St.); 
and the Moravian (cor. Lexington 
Ave. and 30th St). 

The Sabbath (Saturday) services 
of the Jewish Temple Emanuel (5th 
Ave. cor. 43d St.) are very impres- 
sive, and the interior decorations of 
the building remarkably rich. The 
newspapers on Saturday and Sunday 
give the place and time of the most 
important services of the ensuing 
Sunday. 

Theatres and Amusements. The 
Metropolitan Opera-House, in Broad- 
wa)^ between 39 th and 40 th Sts., is 
the home of the grand opera during 
the wiiiter season; also many of the 
large balls are given there. 

Other places of amusement include 



the Acaidemy of Music, Irving Place 
cor. 14th St.; American Theatre, 
42 d St., between 7 th and SthAves.; 
Bijou Theatre, Broadway, near 80th, 
St ; Broadway Theatre, cor. Broad- ■ 
way and 41 st St. ; Casino, cor. Broad- 
way, and 39th St.: Columbus Theatre 
112 E. 125th St.; Daly's Theatre, 
cor. Broadway, and 80 th St. ; Empire 
Theatre, cor Broadway and 40 th. St. ;■ 
Fifth Avenue Theatre, cor. Broadway" 
and 28th St.; Fourteenth St. Theatre 
W. 14th St., near 6th Ave.; Garden 
Theatre cor. Madison Ave. and 27 th 
St.; Gar fick Theatre, 35th St. and 
6 th Ave.; Grand Opera-House, cor.^ 
8 th Ave. and 23 d St. ; Harlem Opera-" 
House, 125th St., west of 7th Ave.;; 
Herald Square Theatre, cor. Broad-, 
way and 85th St.; Hoyt's Theatre,: 
24th St., west of IBroadway; Ii-ving 
Place Theatre, Irving Place and 15 th 
St.; Knickerbocker Theatre, cor.Broad- 
way and 88th St.; London Theatre, 
235 Bowery; Lyceum Theatre, 4th 
Ave. near 23d St.; Murray Hill 
Theatre, Lexington Ave. near 42 d St. ; 
Proctor's Pleasure Palace, 58 th St. 
near 3d Ave.; Proctor's Theatre, 
139 W. 28 d St.; Manhattan Theatre, 
Broadway and 33 d St. ; Star Theatre, 
Broadway and 18 th St.; Thalia 
Theatre, Bowery south of Canal St. ; 
Union Square Theatre, 14 th St., near 
Broadway; Wallack's Theatre, Broad- 
way and 80 th St. — Chickering Hall, 
cor. 5 th Ave. and 18 th St., Carnegie 
Music Hall^ cor. 57 th St. and 7 th 
Ave., are concert and music halls: 
also Koster & Bial's, W. 84 th St., 
near Broadway; Weber & Fields, 
W. 29th St. near Broadway; and 
Olympia Music Hall, Broadway and 
44 th St. 

The Eden Musee, in 28d St.,between 
5 th and 6 th Aves, is devoted to 
wax-works. Summer-ni^ht Concerts 
are given at the Lenox Lyceum, cor 
Madison Ave. and 59 th St., and at 
Madison Square Garden, Madison. 
Ave. and 26 th St. Horse-races at 
Morris Park, under the auspices of 
the New York Jockey Club; and at 
Sheepshead Bay near Coney Island, 
vmder the auspices of the; Coney 
Island Jockey Club, near Brooklyn. . 

Industries and ^nanufactures. New 
York is . the foremost manufacturing 
city in America. There are about 



300, 



11,000 factories, making upwards of 
$ 500,000,000, of goods yearly. . 

There is hardly an industry, whi'ch 
is not represented in this city. 
Interesting indeed is an inspection 
of some of these stupendous enter- 
prises ; of all the industries which have 
developed into high eminence, the 
manufacture of pianos, has probably 
made the most pronounced and rapid 
strides, not only as regards the great 
number of instruments turned-out 
yearly by numerous houses "engaged 
in this business, but also by the 
excellence of the nianufacture. If 
you would like to see how a piano 
IS made out of some raw materials, 
visit the great Soh-mer factories at 
Astoria. 

Mess. Sohmer & Co. have without 
doubt one of the finest and best 
equipped pianoforte factories in the 
world. Standing six stories in height, 
with large entrances to the yards, 
offices, etc. they present an imposing- 
appearance. The Sohmer factories 
are near 92 d St. ferry, and from 
the tower of the main building a 
most beautiful view may be taken 
of the surrounding country. The East 
River and its islands, with the public 
institutions can also be seen, and 
persons on board of steamers going 
up or down the river, are able to 
judge for themselves of the magnitude 
of the factories. The warerooms of 
Mess. Sohmer & Co. are Fifth Avenue 
corner 22 d St. 

A special feature in American 
customs is the large consumption of 
ice cream, the largest manufacturer 
of ice-cream in the world is the 
J. M. Horton Ice-Cream Co. They 
supply nearly all the Transatlantic 
steamers with ice-cream. This concern 
has depots, in New York at 305 
P^ourth Av., 598 6 th Ave., 110 E. 
125 St., and in Brooklyn at 495 Fulton 
St. and 478 Fifth Ave. 

One of the most prosperous and 
flourishing industrial enterprises is 
the. splendid Brewery of Piel Bros, 
located in East New York. The 
brewery is reached from Brooklyn 
Bridge by the Kings County Elev- 
ated Railway or the Union Elevated 
Road. Passengers alight ^t Atlantic 
Ave. or at Alabama Ave. Station; 



from there it is only a short distance 
to this interesting manufactory. 
Visitors are well received at the 
brewery and may get an impression 
of the high standard to which the 
brewing industry has been brought 
to in the United States. 

Piel's Beer is on draught in most 
of the prominent places in New York 
City and is well appreciated as one 
of the best domestic beers in the 
country. 

In connection with the East New 
York Brewery is a hotel, beer-halls 
and restaurant. The best society 
has elected this place for its Rendez- 
vous and place of recreation. Among 
the many things to be seen there is 
a large collection of drawings by 
AUers. No visitors should fail to 
inspect the East New York Brewery. 

Another art-industry, recognized 
by all to be of the greatest excellency, 
is photography. Photographs of 
New York and vicinity are sold at 
Rockwood Phot. 1140 Broadway; 
there are also amateur photographer's 
specialties, developing, etc. 

American homes are renowned for 
their artistic interior and comfort. 

To receive an impression of the 
high artistic standing of enterprises, 
which dealin artistic home-decorating, 
visit, J. F. Dotithitt, American 
Tapestry and Decorative Co., 286 
5 th Ave., near 30 th St. 

For those who want to build their 
home here, we direct the attention 
to the following addresses: 

Eugen F. Cachel, 829 Amsterdam 
Ave., builder and framer. 

William Winter, 189 W. 101 St., 
painter and decorator. 

JohnWegmann,842WestBoulevard, 
painter, decorator, and hard-wood 
finisher. 

. A. W. Anders, 74 W. 99 th St., 
decorator, and upholsterer. 

J. Graetzer, 874 Amsterdam, 
upholsterer and decorator.- 

Fred. Wm. Giesenhaus, 81 Wash- 
ington St. Hoboken, painting and 
paperhanging. 

Iron Works. -C. Bartsch, 158 W. 
100th St.; specialty, burglar alai-ms. 



301 



Real Estate, — transactions: Chr. 
Smith, 274 W. 135 th St. 

P'or lovers of the weed, we can 
recommend : 

C. M. Freudenhammer, 334 E. 80th 
St., manufacture and wholesale dealer 
in fine cigars. 

Heniy Loewe, . 815 Amsterdam 
Ave., cigar store. 

Schinasi Bros, 48 Broad St., manu- 
facturers of original Egyptian Cig- 
arettes. 

Fraenkel Cigar Compan)', 14 th St. 
and Union Square west, importers 
and dealers in fine cigars. 

Beer importers and dealers: Aug. 
Liichow, 108 to 114 E. 14th St., 
Wiirzburger Hofbrau. 

Rudolph Oelsner, sole agent for 
PUsener Biirger-Brau, and Niii-n- 
berger Beer. 

O. Meyer & Co., sole agent of 
Annheuser Busch Brewing Asso- 
ciation, St. Louis; offices in New 
York, 24 to 27 West St., 12 th Ave. 
cor. 130 th St. 

Fr. Hollender & Co., 115,. 117 et 
119 Elm Street, 193, 195, 197 
Centre Street. Sole Agents for the 
U. S. of German Empire Exp. Bre- 
wery, (Kaiser Beer) Bremen. First 
Actien Export Brewing Co., Pilsen. 
G. .Sandler's Export Brewery, Culm- 
bach. Brewery „Kochelbrau", Munich. 
Fr. Erich's Export Brewery, Erlangen 
and Wiirzburger Beer. — 

Optician : A. Bechtold, 126 E. 23d St. 

G. Untermann, manufacturer of Or- 
thopaedic Appliances, 193 Third Ave. 

HEALFH INSURANCE is open 
to all — Men, Women and Children. 
A chief cause of illness, and often 
of death, is Chill! Against this in- 
sidious foe Dr. Jaeger has shown 
that there is only one permanent 
self-working defence, viz. Clothing 
which is non-heat-conducting, and 
which maintains all parts of the 
body at an equable temperature. 
Clothing which msures health must 
be made throughout of pure woolen 
materials, for wool is non-heat- 
conducting while lineh and cotton 
are rapid heat-conductors, and 
quickly cause chill, especially when 
wet or damp. Witness the icy, 
clammy feeling of a wet linen shirt, 
and the fearful danger of sleeping 



in damp, linen or cotton sheets! 
On the other hand, how comfortable 
and safe an athlete feels in his 
flannels ! 

It is of the utmost importance that 
the clothing should be porous 
throughout, in order to facilitate 
the evaporation of the watery vapor 
which is continually exhaled from 
the skin, and which conveys from 
the body matters that are highly 
injurious if repressed or retained. 
Linen and cotton underclothing and 
linings retain the perspiration and 
throw it back and are there^re un- 
health}^, while the Porous Woolen 
Jaeger Clothing, encourages and 
maintains the full activity of the skin. 

These considerations are of even 
more weight in warm seasons and 
climates than in cold. When the 
skin is most freely exhaling, the 
necessity of free evaporation, and 
of protection from a chill which 
would check the perspiration, is 
greatest. The light Jaeger Woolens 
aie the coolest as well as the safest 
wear in warm weather and in hot 
climates. 

Those who do not want to go out 
for Turkish Bath, may addi-ess the 
Medical Vapor Bath Company, 29 
Murray St. see advertisement. 

Insurance: Equitable Life Assurance 
Society, 120 Broadway. 

Bankers: Ladenbui-g, Thalmann & 
Co., 46 Wall St. 

HOW TO TOUR MANHATTAN. 

We recommend "doing" the city 
by quarters and to begin with the 
"Down - town District." Near the 
hotel is a station of either the 6 th 
or 3rd Avenue Elevated Railroad, 
or the Broadway or Lexington Cable 
car lines, which all convey the tourist 
to Battery Place, a finely laid out 
park, with a splendid view over the 
Bay. The park is protected by a 
massive granite seawall. In the early 
years of the city, it was the site of a 
fort and later on, was the fashionable 
quarter. 

At the southwest end is Castle 
Garden, now used as an Aquarium. 
At the S. end is the U. S. Revenue 
barge office, and adjoining is the 
statue of Ericsson. Just E. of the 



302 



Telej>hone i£4g. i8th. 



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302a 



Batlery is Whitehall St., which we 
follow up passing the U. S. Army 
Building to Bowling Green. 

This is a small oval of shrubbery 
in a triangular space at the foot of 
Broadway it is the oldest park in the 
city and was the market place in the 
early days of the Dutch- Town. 
During the English reign a park was 
made of it. Here was erected the 
leaden statue of George III, which 
the Americans pulled down in 1776, 
and out of which they moulded 
bullets to fire at the English. 

The park is ornamented by a bronze 
staiue of Abraham De Peyster, who 
was, in 1700 about, the principal 
merchant and most influential publi- 
cist in New York. The row of six 
buildings facing Bowling Green on 
the S. sidd covers the location of 
the Dutch and English Fort. 

At No. 1 Broadway stands now 
the Washington Building; it is the 
site of a house built ia 1760 by 
Archibald Keimedy, the collector of 
the port, and was successively the 
head-quarters of Lord Comwallis, 
Lord Howe, Gen. Sir Henry Clinton, 
Gen. Washington, and Talleyrand. 

Straight across Bowling Green in 
Whitehall St. is the Produce Ex- 
change. 

This building is 300 by 150 feet 
in ground dimensions, 116 feet high 
to the cornice of the roof, and 225 
to the top of the tower. It stands 
upon a foundation of 15,000 spruce 
piles, and is fire-proof throughout. 

Several large entrances admit to 
the corridors, where are a branch 
post-office, the offices of the Produce 
Exchange Bank, and several other 
corporations. Nine elevators are 
constantly runniag, and visitors may 



easily go to the foot of the tower, 
where they are permitted to ascend 
the stairways to its summit. 

Leaving the Produce Exchange by 
the Beaver St. entrance, we may 
enter the interesting Restaurant of 
Wiehl & Widman, and then walk 
eastward through Beaver St. to 
Broad St., with the beautiful Morris 
Bui/ding on the corner. Beaver St. 
is filled with offices of representatives 
of foreign and domestic wiae and 
liquor dealers. 

On the other side of Broad St. 
the Cotton Exchange comes sud- 
denly into view, where all the dealings 
in cotton in the United States con- 
centrate. The opposite corner of 
Beaver and William Sts. is covered 
by the splendid buildiag of the 
Corn Exchange Bank, the third 
corner, by a magTiificent structtne 
occupied by the Farmer's Loan & 
Trust Company, and the fourth 
corner by Delmonico's Restaurant. 
A few steps farther and we aae on 
Hanover Square, where we may 
refresh ourselves at Johnson's 
Restaurant and Cafe in the Old 
Cotton Exchange. 

Following up Pearl St. we turn 
into Wall St., the financial center 
of the United States. The houses 
on both sides of Wall St. are filled 
with the offices of Bankers and 
Brokers. The block between Hanover 
and. William Sts. is occupied by the 
Custom House; it is a massive 
structure of granite, with an Ionic 
portico sustained by granite pillars 
and reached by a broad flight of 
steps, making an imposing effect. 
The interior is one great rotunda, 
covered by a dome. A bridge 
across Exchange Place connects this 



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ROOMS AT REASONABLE RATES. 



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With one of these Bath Cabinets you can enjoy the benefits 
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Bath Cabinet is made of anti-septic rubber cloth, held together 
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packed in a case 15 inches square and 22 inches high, and set 
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Whole outfit, including copper rings, case and alcohol lamp, 
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All necessary instructions sent with bath. — Costs only TWO 
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NEW YORK. 




SCHEFFEL HALLE is a sight of. 
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304 



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Sole Agent for the U S.A. 



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FAMOUS FAMILY RESTAURANT well known for its unsurpassed 

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305 



rotunda with a second building 
where other offices are. Opposite 
the Custom House, No. 46 Wall St. 
is the magnificent building of the 
Bank of AtneHca, where the offices 
of the famous banking house oi 
Mess Ladenb7irg Thalmann & Co. 
are located. Then follows a cluster 
of very striking buildings lately 
erected and magnificent in all their 
interior appointments. Corner Wall 
and Nassau Sts. on the up-town side, 
is the Assay Office and Stib- 
Treasury of the United States. 
The Assay Office No. 30 Wall St. 
is the oldest building in the street. 
It is open to visitors from 2 to 4 
p. m. and is well worth a visit. 

The Treasury stands upon the site 
of the old Dutch City Hall and of the 
subsequent Federal buildings, where 
Washington was in augurated first 
President of theUnited States, in 1789. 
The broad llioht of steps is now broken 
by a pedestal bearing J. Q. A. Ward's 
colossal bronze statue of Wash- 
ington Taking the Oath, which was 
paid for by popular subsciption, and 
unveiled in 1883. 

The street running down-town 
opposite the Treasury is Broad St., 
where several cable and telegraph 
offices, some enormous office IsuUd- 
ings and the front of the Stock 
Exchange are conspicuous. 

The New York Stock Exchange 
occupies a building extending through 
from Broad to New St., with a pas- 
sage-way from 15 Wall St. No one 
except members is allowed upon the 
floor. In the basement are extensive 
safe deposit vaults, and the upper 
stories are occupied by offices. The 
hours are from 10 a. m. to 3 p. m., 
and members are forbidden to make 
any transactions except during those 
hours. The dealings are wholly in 
stocks, bonds, and other securities 
which have been recognized or 
"listed" by the Exchange. The most 
prominent of these are represented 
by name upon iron standards scat- 
tered about the floor, around which 
the selling and buying of those 
particular securities goes on. 

A younger organization with similar 
purposes, is 

The Consolidated Petroleum and 
Stock Exchange, which has occupied 



since April, 1888, a noble building 
with large accommodations for bus- 
iness, at the comer of Broadway and 
Exchange Place. 

The street at the side of the Sub- 
Treasury is Nassau, which runs 
straight north to City Hall vSquare, 
the lower part of this street is 
occupied wholy by banking houses 
and office buildings. Corner Wall 
and Nassau Sts. opposite the 
Treasury is the white-stone edifice 
of the Manhattan Trust Company. 
Comer Nassau and Cedar Sts. is the 
lofty and oxr\z.'ic^ Bank of Commerce 
Building, In Cedar St. between 
Nassau St. and Broadway is the New 
Bank Clearing House. ,It is, in 
many respects, the most beautiful 
building in New York. The rooms 
of the Clearing House Association, 
comprising sixty-six banks, are on 
the upper floor beneath the 
skylighted dome. The ground floor 
is occupied by the Chase National 
Bank, whose offices are finished in 
marbles, gUded stucco, and artistic 
metal work. 

We now turn into Broadway; some 
of the costliest business structures 
in the city are in Broadway below 
Wall St. The offices of the North 
German Lloyd are on Bowling Green 
corner Whitehall St. We mentioned 
already the Washington Building 
No. I Broadway. We pass the 
remarkable Bowling Green Building- 
which is valued at $ 3,600,000, then 
on the right side Welles Building, 
the massive structure of the Stan- 
dard Oil Company, on the left side 
at No. 45, the antique entrance of 
Alridge Court; on the E. side of 
Broadway the Manhattan Life 
Instirance Company at the cor. of 
New St.; the cupola of this building 
contains the office of the U. S. 
Weather Bureau. A little farther up 
we come to Trinity Church, lookhig 
straight down Wall St. The church 
yard and church are open to visitors 
at all hours, it is in Gothic style of 
brown-stone and is 192 ft. long, 80 
ft. wide, and 60 ft. high, it has richly 
stained glass windows and the finest 
chime of bells in America. The 
Astor memorial Reredos is remark- 
able; it is 33 ft. wide and about 
20 ft. high, its materials are marble 



306 



glass and precious stones, the carving 
IS very elaborate. W. _W. Astor 
erected in 1894 memorial bronze- 
doors, costing $100,000. The grave- 
yard surrounding the church contains 
many venerated tombs, among them 
those of Alexander Hamilton, Captain 
Lawrence, Robert Fulton, and Char- 
lotte Temple. In the northeast cor. 
is a Gothic Monument erected to 
the memory of the patriots who died 
in New York during the Revolution. 

Corner of Broadway and Pine St. 
is the Building of The American 
Stu-ety Ccitn^any,ihe loftiest commer- 
cial edifice in the world, having 21 
fire-proof floors in addition to base- 
ments. At No. 120 Broadway rises 
the palatial home of the Equitable 
Life Assurance Society. 

This towering and sumptuous 
structure should not be neglected by 
the sight-seer. Its broad ground- 
floor corridor runs straight through 
to Nassau St., and forms a brilliant 
arcade, paved, walled, and adorned 
with vari-colored marbles, and illumi- 
nated by electricity, along which 
elegant little shops and restaurants 
are arranged. The letter chute and 
pneumatic despatch tubes on this 
floor should be looked at, too. In 
the basement is a grand array of 
hydraulic pumps and other machinery, 
and the largest electric lighting 
plant ia the city devoted to a single 
establishment. Taking any one of 
the several elevators the visitor may 
be carried to the top story and 
ascend to the roof, where an exten- 
sive view of the city is obtained — 
a pleasure which no one ought to 
forego. 

We pass then Liberty Street and 
Cortland St. devoted largely to 
machinery depots; Maiden Lane, the 
abode of jewelers; Dey St. with the 
Western Union Telegraph Com- 
pany's Building; and Fulton Street, 
the latter extremely busy all the 
way to Fulton Market on the East 
side and Washington Market on 
West side. Here begins the long 
list of newspapers, which congregate 
between Fulton St. and the Brooklyn 
Bridge. Comer of Fulton St. and 
and Broadway, is the lofty building 
of " The Evening Post ', opposite, 
on Broadway, is the ornamental 



home of " The Mail and Express" . 
Opposite is St. Paul's Church, the 
Astor Building. We are now in 
front of the POST OFFICE, a large 
buildiag at the junction of Broad- 
way and Park Row. The structure 
is five stories high, besides abasement. 
About 2500 men are employed in 
the New York Post Office for handling 
the 900,000,000 letters, newspapers 
etc. going through this office an- 
nually. The General Delivery (poste 
restante) windows are near the 
front entrance; the stamp selling 
windows are on the Broadway and 
Park Row sides. Letters can be 
asked for and stamps bought all 
night, as well as during the day. 
On Sunday, the office is open from 
g,oo a. m. — ii.'O a. m.. only. The 
Money Order, Registered Letter 
and other special offices, are upstairs 
and open from 9,00 a. m. to 5,00 
p. m. 

Broadway stretches northward, west 
of the Building and Park Row East, 
towards the Bowery. At the rear 
of the Post Office is City Hall Park. 
Just across from this park is Print- 
ing House Square, an open paved 
space, the center of which, is occu- 
pied by a Statue of Benjami^z 
Franklin. Around this limited space 
are published: "The Tribuize", 
in front of which is the Statue of 
Horace Greeley, the founder of this 
famous paper; "Journal", "Sun", 
" World", "Press", " Times", "News ', 
and "Staats-Zeitung'' The Cupola 
of the World Building is open to 
visitors daily from 9 — 1. The rush 
and turmoil of traffic at this point 
are simply indescribable. We are 
at the entrance to the Brooklyn 
Bridge, which is best visited now, 
provided the visitor has no time to 
tour Brooklyn. Turning to the left, 
we are on City Hall Square. The 
brown stone house, close to the 
bridge, is the Hall of Records. The 
City Hall is in the center of the 
square. The building was completed 
in 1812, being universally admired 
for its pure design and mai-vellous 
execution of each detail. Within 
the budding, the only attraction for 
the visitor is the Governor s Room, 
containing many portraits and some 
historical relics, among the latter: 



307 




Equitable Building. 



308 



ton wi-iting-desk, on which Washing- 
the wrote his first message to Con- 
gress. North of the City Hall, is 
the Court House, of white marble, 
in the Corinthian stile. The building 
and furniture cost 12,000,000, its 
erection being the occasion' of much 
of tire fraud and peculation on the 
part of the "Tweed Ring". Here 
sit; the Court of Common Pleas, 
Supreme Court and Surrogate's Court. 
Other civil tribunals have quarters 
elsewhere. In the south-west comer 
of City Hall Park, facing Broadway, 
is the hxovLZQ Statue 0/ Nathan Hale, 
the martyr spy of the Revolution. 

Opposite City Hall Park, on Broad- 
way, are the naagnificent buildings 
oi the Postal Telegraph and Home 
Instirance Companies. We follow 
up Broadway, passing the wholesale 
district, railway offices, many retail 
stores and some hotels, to Third St 

One block E. is Lafayette Place, 
the great brick structure at the foot 
of the place is the Mission of the 



Imma.culate Virgin, a Roman Catho 
lie Home for street-boys; at the comer 
of the building stands the statue of 
Father Drumgoole, the founder of 
this institute. Corner Fourth St. 
and Lafayette Place is the Diocesan 
House of the Episcopal Church. But 
the most conspicions building is the 
Astor Library; its halls, collection of 
portraits and busts, and the curiosi- 
ties of literature displayed in the cases 
at the head of the main staircase are 
worth examining. This_ brings us 
to the convergence of Astor Place 
and 8 th St. In Astor Place 
is Clinton Hall containing the Mer- 
cantile Library. On the little opening, 
stands the statue of Samuel S. Cox. 
At the E. end of Astor Place is 
Cooper Institute, a brown -stone 
building occupying the square bound- 
ed by 3d and 4th Aves. and 7th 
and 8 th Sts. In front of this building, 
facing down the Bowery, stands a 
bronze sitting fnomiment to Peter 
Cooper, who erected the institute in 
1857 at a cost of $ 630,000; the 
purpose is philanthropic and embrac- 
es _ day and evening schools of 
various kmds. There are art schools 
for men and women, free school of 
telegraphy and of type-writing for 
women, and a free reading-room and 

3Q9 



library. Opposite the rear of Cooper 
Union is the Bible Hotise; it is an 
immense brick ^ house occupying a 
whole block, bounded by Fourth 
Ave. and Third Ave. , 8 th and 9 th 
Sts. The building .was erected in 
1852 by 'the American Bible Society, 
and here are the head -quarters of 
the Society. 

Walking along' 8th St. to the E. 
we come to St. Mark's Church, cor. 
Second Ave. and 10 th St. Across 
the street is the Baptist Tabernacle. 

We' are now in Second Ave. con- 
taining the residences of many wealthy 
Germans. 

"Cafe Botilevard' , 156 Second 
Ave., is quite near and just the place 
to take a little rest: On the corner 
of 11th St. is the building of the 
New York Historical Society, and 
on the cor. of 13 th St. the N. Y. 
Eye and Ear Infirmary. At the 
left cor. 14th St. stands the old 14th 
St. Presbyterian Church. At 15 th 
St. we find the beautiful Stuyvesant 
Square, occuping the space of four 
blocks and smrounded by elegant 
residences. 

The double-towered church over- 
looking the square is St. George's. 

We now turn westward through 
20 th St., recross Third Ave., and 
come to Gratnercy Park; this park 
is the property of the owners, 
of the surrounding property arid 
its gates are open only tc these 
•proprietors. No. 120, 20 th St. is the 
Club House of the Players. Gramercy 
Park is surrounded by the residences 
of wealthy families. S. fromGramercy 
Park runs Irving Place to 14 th S.- 
Corner 15 th St. and Irving Place is 
the Irving Place Theatre, the 
foremost German Play House in the 
city. Nearly opposite, cor. 14th St. 
is the Academy of Music. We are 
now in front of Aug. Ltichow's 
famous restattrant and after a visit 
to it, the tomist may inspect 
Tammany Hall, diagonally opposite 
Liic how. — Fourtenth St. is one 
of the most important thoroughfares 
and full of metropolitan life. At the 
cor. of Third Ave. and 14 th St. are 
the warerooms of the piano factory 
of Sohmer & Co. Following 14th 
St. westward, we pass Stemway Hall, 
on the right, and Ernst Wiehl's 



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Restaurant and Cafe, on the left, 
and reach Union Square. Some blocks 
South on Broadway, is Grace Church 
(Episcopal) at 10 th St. and Broad- 
way: it is built of white limestone, 
having the appearance of marble, 
whereas the spire is of pure marble. 
The style is decorated Gothic and 
the Rectory and adjoining building 
are harmoniously adapted to it. The 
interior and windows of Grace 
Church are very richly decorated. 
Union Square is a pretty park, three 
and a half acres in extent and filled 
with trees, shrubberies, and green- 
lawns ; in the center is a fine bronze 
fountain. At the southeastern end 
are ; the bronze equestrian statue of 
Washington and a bronze statue of 
Lafayette by Bartholdi; on the W. 
is a bronze statue of Lincoln. 
Union Square ' is bounded, E. by 
Fourth Ave., with the Union Square 
Hotel on the cor. of 15th St.; on 
the N. by 17 th St. ; W. by Broadway, 
with the jewelry store of Tiifany & 
Co. on the cor. 15 th St. Further up 
are some well known music stores. 
Above Union Square, Broadway con- 
tains a number of large dry-goods 
and carpet ware-houses and others. 
We walk silong Fourteen St. W., 
passing large retail stores, to Six 
Ave., just west of Six Ave. is the 
14th St. Theatre, beyond is the gth 
Regiment Armory. Then we turn 
up Sixth Ave. £ind pass through the 
department store district to 23 d St. 
Just west of Sixth Ave. in 23 d St. 
is Proctor's Theatre. We turn east- 
ward till we reach Madison Square. 
Here Broadway crosses Fifth Ave. 
forming an open paved Plaza, which is 



one of the most lively points in New 
York, especially in the afternoon. 

The park itself comprises about 
6 acres and is bounded by Fifth Ave. 
on the W., 26 th St. on the N., 
Madison Ave. on the E., and 23 d St. 
on the S. The park is beautifully 
shaded; a beautiful fountain stands 
in the center of the square. At the 
soutwest cor. of the park is a sitting 
statue of William^ H. Seward; at 
the northwest cor. is a Statue of 
David Farragut. Nearly opposite, 
in a little square between 5 th Ave. 
and Broadway, stands the granite 
Obelisk erected by the city in 1857 
to the memory of Worth, the hero 
of the Mexican war. 

The magnificent marble building, 
cor. Madison Ave. and 28 d St., is 
the Central office of the Metropolitan 
Life Lnsurance Company. The 
church above, is the Madison Avenue 
Presbyterian. 23 d St. to the E. from 
Madison Square is the home of 
opticians. Comer Fourth Ave. and 
23 d St. is the National Academy of 
Design, it is built of gray a.nd 
white marbles and blue-stone, copied 
from a famous place in Venice Every. 
spring and fall, exhibitions of 
American artists are held here. 

Opposite, is the building of the 
Young Men's Christian Association ; 
besides a library, free reading room, 
gymnasium etc., it contains a large 
lecture hall. On the southeast cor. 
in a large building, is the Society 
for the Prevention of Cruelty to 
Children. The next building on 
Fourth Ave. is the home of the 
Charity Organization Society, op- 
posite is the Bank for Savings. 



810 



On Fourth Ave. and 18 th St. is 
the "Hotel Bellevedere" . On Fourth 
Ave. above 23 d St. is the Lyceum 
Theatre. We walk up Fourth Ave. 
to 26 th St. ; there we reach Madison 
Square Garden, occupying the 
whole square bounded by 26 th and 
2,7 th Sts., and Fourth and Madison 
Aves. Madison Square Garden is 
one of the grandest structures in the 
city and has the largest auditorium 
in America. Here is held annually 
the famous horse-show, one of the 
most prominent social events in 
New York, and other shows and 
expositions. 

We again go westward to Broad- 
way, which runs from Madison 
Square two miles north to Central 
Park passing a number of theatres 
and hotels, among them the Fifth 
Ave. Theatre cor. 28 th St., Daly's 
Theatre, cor. 30 th St. W., Wallack's 
Theatre cor. 30 th St. E. At 35 th 
St. we reach Herald Sqtiare, where 
Broadway crosses Sixth Ave. The 
magnificent Herald Bttildin^, bound- 
ed west by Broadway and east by 
Sixth Ave., is well worth a visit. At 
33 d St. and Broadway is the 
Greeley Monument. At 35 th St. in 
front of the Herald Building-, is the 
bronze stdttie of William E. Dodge. 
A few houses from Herald Square 
in 34 th Street is the Music Hall of 
Koster & Bial. We follow up 
Broadway: cor. 38th St. is the 
Knickerbocker Theatre; cor. 39th 
St. the Casino Theatre; opposite 
is the Metropolitan Opera House, 
occupying the whole block between 
39th and 40th Sts., cor. 40th St. E. 
is the Em.fire Theatre; cor. 41st 
St. the Broadway Theatre; cor. 
44 th St. the Olympia Music Hall. 



Then Broadway runs up to 59 th St. 
without offering any thing inter- 
esting. Following 7 th Ave. we 
reach corner of 57thSt., the Carnegie 
Mtisic Hall, and two blocks farther 
up, we reach Central Park. 

Central Park is the chief-park of 
New York, covering over IV* square 
miles of planted ground. It is 
centrally located and accessible from 
all parts of the City. The elevated 
Railroads have stations not far east 
and west. The Mall, near the 5 th 
Ave. entrance, is the principal 
promenade. At various points are 
bronze statues of Shakespeare, 
Columbus, Walter Scott, Goethe, 
Burns, Halleck and Daniel Webster, 
also the Puritan and 7 th Regiment 
statues. Near the south of the 
Mall is the bronze group of "The 
Indian Hunter and his Dog" and 
near the upper end "The Falkener". 
Concerts are given on Saturday and 
Sunday afternoons in the summer in 
the Kiosk in the upper part of the 
Mall. This promenade is terminated 
on the North by The Terrace. At 
the right are the beautiful Wistaria 
Bower and the Casino Restaurant. 
Descending the Terrace by a flight 
of stone stairs. Central Lake is 
reached. Between the Lake and 
terrace is a costly fountain with large 
granite basins and a colossal statue 
of the Angel of Bethesda. The 
Ramble, covering 36 acres of sloping 
hills, and abounding in shady paths, 
lies North of Central Lake, which 
offers a most delightful view. The 
Ramble is crowned by a tower, 
called the Bellevedere. Above the 
Bellevedere is the Old Croton 
Reservoir, and stUl farther above, the 
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gallons. At the south-east is 
the Zoological Garden or Menagerie ; 
at 82 d St. and 5 th Ave. is the 
Metropolitan Museum of Art. It 
contains a fine collection of paint- 
ings by old and modern masters 
and usually has on exhibition col- 
lections ol statuary, pottery, arms, 
coins, antiques etc. The famous 
Cesnola collection of Cypriote Antiq- 
uities is housed here. The Metropol- 
itan Museum is open daily from 
10 a. m. till sunset and Sundays 
from 1. p. ni. ' 

West of the. Museum of Ai't, on 
an eminence, stands the EgjqDtian 
Obelisk (Cleopatra's Needle). This 
monument, one of the most ancient 
in the world, was presented to the 
City of New York by Ismail Pasha. 
It was brought to this country 
at the expense of William H. Van- 
derbilt. 

Adjoining Central Park on the 
West between 77th and 81st Streets 
is another Park, Manhattan Square. 
On this square is the American 
Museum of Natural History in a 
lafge building containing Indian anti- 
quities, minerals, shells, and stuffed 
and mounted specimens of all sorts 
of animals. Open to the public daily 
from 9 to 5, and on Sundays from 
1 p. m. to 5 p. m. 

Other statues in the park are: 

Beetltoven, bronze bust, on the 
Mall; a granite statue of Alexander 
Hainilton, on the East Drive, above 
the Metropolitan Museum. 

The bronze bust of Htim.boldt, 
near the 5th Ave. and 59th Str. 
entrance. 

The bronze bust ol Thotnas 
Moore, near the pond and 5th Ave. 
entrance. 

The bronze statue of Morse, the 
inventor of the telegraph, near 5th 
Ave. and 72d St. entrance. 

The bronze bust of Schllier, in 
the Ramble. 

The Pilgrijn, bronze statue near 
East 72d St. entrance. 

The bronze statue of Thorwaldsen, 
59th St. facing 6th Ave. 

The equestrian statue of Simon 
Bolivar, at the West 81st St. en- 
trance. 

A bronze figure representing 

31 



Commerce, near the 8th Ave. and 
5th Ave. entrance. 

Bust of Cervantes. 

We return ' from the park by 
America's grandest street. Fifth Ave. 
From 89th to 60th Sts. the avenue 
over looks themost improved portion 
of the park, and the houses are 
mostly homes of democratic-princes. 

As a whole the effect is harmonious, 
though no two residences iji the line 
are alike. It is a solid mile and a 
half of millionaire's residences, ex- 
cept where a vacant lot awaits the 
coming of still another Croesus to 
ipiprove it. Between 90tli St. and 
Harlem there is only one residence 
in Fifth Ave. to be mentioned, that 
is at the cor. of 92d St. occupied by 
Jacob Ruppert. Between 89th and 
88th Sts. is the residence of Joseph 
H. Penniman. Between 87th and 
86th Sts., Gen. C. H. T. Collis resides. 
The block between 85th and 84th 
Sts. is occupied, 1033, E. P. Hatch, 
1082, Samuel Roosevelt, 1030, James 
H. Hammersly. At the cor. of 
83d St. is the home of Mrs. E. S. 
Arnold. In the block between 81st 
and 80th Sts., Mr. Louis Stearn is 
building a palatial home. At the 
cor. of 78th St. stands one of the 
most dignified residences opposite 
the park, it was built by Henry 
H. Cook. At the S. cor. of 77th St. 
Oliver H. P. Belmont is erecting one 
of the most splendid mansions in 
the city. In the block between 76th 
and 75th Sts., stands the Synagogue. 
In the blocks between 75th and 
71st Sts. are the residences of Alfred 
M.Iloyt, Jacob H. Schiif, R. Guggen- 
heimer, N. Palmer und James A* 
Burden. The block between 71st 
and 70th Sts. is occupied by the 
Lenox Libray. Between 70th and 
61st vSts, are residences, among which 
are to be mentioned : W. C. Whitney's 
at the cor. of 68th St., at the opposite 
corner is the New York home of 
Charles T. Yerkes, the well known 
railroad man of Chicago; Mr. Isaac 
Steam's residence, one of the hand- 
somest and most coitiplete houses, on 
the avenue, is near 67th St. ; George 
J. Gould possesses the N. cor., and 
H. O. Armour the S. cor of 67th 
St. The next house belongs to 



PeiTy Belmont; H. O. Havemeyer 
of the Sugar Trust occupies the fine 
granite mansion at the N. cor. of 
66th' St. Nos. 846 and 845, occupied 
by Andrew J. White and Williain 
Demuth, enjoy the reputation of 
being perfectly finished in the 
interior construction. The N. cor. 
of 65th St. is occupiedby the John 
Jacob Astor mansion, nd immedia- 
tely to the north is Mis Caroline 
Astor's house. The houses are so 
constructed that they may be thrown 
into one. The next block contains 
the dwellings of W. Watts Sherman, 
at No. 837, and Isidor Wormser at 
No. 836.. The N. cor of 64th St. 
is the site of the residence of George 
Crocker, a California millionaire. 
No. 825 is occupied by William 
V. Brokaw. The No. cor. of 63d St. 
is taken up by the Progress Club, 
a fashionable Hebrew organization. 
The block between 63d and 62d Sts. 
is occupied by elegant residences 
and so is the following block to 
61st St. On the S. cor. of 61st St. 
stands the splendid mansion of 
Elbrige T. Geiry; it is , onfe of the 
most imposing dwellings in its 
exterior appearance in the city, and 
in its interior finish nothing that 
iart has devised is lacking. One 
feature of it is Mr. Gerry's library, 
the largest and most complete private 
collection of law books in this 
country. 

The mile and a half of millionaire 
houses starts with the ,, Millionaire's 
Club", the Metropolitan at the N. 
cor. of 60th St. This brings us to 
the Plaza at the entrance of Central 
Park, where the New Netherland and 
Savoy Hotels, on the east side, and 
the Pla^a Hotel on the W. side, form 
a conspicious trio of modern build- 
ings. The costly and spacious palace- 
like mansion of Cornelius Vanderbilt 
fills the S. side of the Plaza between 
58th • -and 5-7 th -Sts. At the cor., of 
E. 58th St., stands C. P. Hunting- 
ton's ]a]*ge stone house. No. 693 
is the splendid residence of Calvin 
S. Brice. At 54th St. 689 is the 
house of William Rockefeller, and 
685 that of H. M. Flagler. St. 
Thomas Church occupies the north- 
west cor. of 53d St., it is one of the 



worship. Its paintings by La Farge 
and its illuminated windows are 
justly admired. The next building 
of striking appearance is the R. C. 
Orphan Asyhim. Near 52d St. 
No. 660 is the home of W. K. 
Vanderbilt. No. 642 is the residence 
of Wm. D. Sloane. On the north- 
west cor. of 53d St., is where Wm. 
H. Vanderbilt lived, and where his 
widow is still domiciled. At No. 634 
lives D. O. Mills, the California 
millionaire. And opposite, the Cathe- 
dral fills the block from 50th to 
51st Sts., it is the great show-church 
of the city, and should not be missed 
to be visited. The architect was 
James. Renwick, the corner stone 
was laid on Aug. 15th 1858, on May 
25th 1879 the structure was dedicated 
by Cardinal Mc. Closkey. The plan 
is a Latin cross, and the dimensions 
are: Length, 306 ft., breadth of nave 
and choir, 96 ft. without the chapels 
and 120 ft. with the chapels; length 
of the transept, 140 ft. ; height, 108 ft. ; 
height of side isles, 54 ft. The towers 
rise square to 136 ft., where they 
change into octagonal lanterns 54 ft. 
high, over wich are the spires, 140 ft. 
in height, making the total height of 
each tower and spire 330 ft. ; they 
are flanked by massive buttresses 
decorated with very light and beaut- 
iful tabernacles at each offset, and 
terminated by clustered pinnacles, 
which, join the buttresses of the 
octagonal lanterns. The spires are 
octagonal, built in two stories, have 
rich moulding in the angles, and the 
faces paneled with traceries; they 
terminate in a magnificent foliage - 
finial carrying crosses made of 
copper. Circular stone stairways are 
carried up in the buttresses of the 
towers, and a full chime of bells 
will soon be placed at a height of 
110 ft. above the ground. These 
twin spires are newer than the i-est 
of- the church and stiU white and 
perfect. They are visible for a long 
distance, should be studied through 
an opera-glass to realize how fine 
and beautiful is the carving, and are 
a subject of pride and delight to all 
the citizens of the metropolis. ■ 

The Interior of the Cathedral, 
like its exterior, is eruciform, divided 



most fashionable up-town houses of | in its ground-plan into a nave, Jtwo 

fel3 



transepts, and a choir or sanctuary. 
The building is lighted by gas-gets 
placed for the most part around the 
capitals of the great central columns, 
and is heated by steam, it is open 
at all reasonable hours, and the 
verger will answer any questions. 
Remarkable are the different altars 
and pulpit. The" windows of St. 
Patrick's Cathedral are all the product 
of French art-workers, and thought 
the finest collection of painted glass 
in the world. 

The painimgs in the north and 
south transepts, representing „The 
Baptism of Our Lord", "The Mar- 
riage Feast of Cana", "The Return 
of the Prodigal Son", St. Patrick 
preaching at Tara", ""The Sistine 
Madonna", and "The Transfiguration 
of Our Lord", were presented by 
the late Hon. John Kelly. The 
picture hanging over St. Joseph's 
Altar on the wall of the sacristy is 
a copy of the celebrated "Madonna 
del Sacco" painted by Andrea Del 
Sarto in the Church of the Servi, 
Florence. 

In the next block further down, 
are the Buckingham Hotel and the 
Belgravia apartments. 

On 46th St. stands the Collegiate 
Dtitch Reformed Church. Between 
46th- and 47th Sts. is the Windsor 
Hotel. The church with the angels 
upon the foiur corners of the tower, 
is the Church of the Heavenly Rest. 
The church diagonally opposite on 
the southwest cor. of 45th St. is the 
Divine Paternity, one of the three 
Universalist churches in the city. 
The corners of 44th St. are filled by 
the New Delmonico's and Sherry's. 
We pass in west 43d St. the Cent- 
ury's new club-house. On the north- 
east cor. of 43d St. stands the be- 
autiful S \nagogue Emanu-El, which 
is the finest specimen of Moorish 
architecture in America. Opposite, 



at 506, is the city house of Russell 
Sage; next to it the Bristol. We 
are now on 42d St. the great tho- 
roughfare of this middle part of the 
metropolis, to the E. the massive 
walls and roofs of the Grand Central 
Depot will be seen, to the W. standi 
the old distributing Reservoir and 
Bryant Park. Bryant Park com- 
prises the territory from the Reser- 
voir to Sixth Ave., and 42d to 40th 
Sts.; it is well laid out and contains 
the bronse bust of Irving and the 
statue of Dr. Marion Sitns. The 
Reservoir will shortly be removed 
and a splendid Public Library will 
be built here. Continuing down Fifth 
Ave. we see, at No. 459, the splendid 
home of Fred W. A'anderbilt. At 
450 is the Republican Club. At the 
cor. of 39th St.- rises the conspicuos 
front of the Union League Club. 
At No. 435, is the club-house of 
Delta Kappa Epsilon; the cor. of 
37th St. IS the" site of the Brick 
Church, the most fashionable Pres- 
byterian Church. The St. Nicholas 
Club is on the southwest cor. of 
36th St. The block between 86th 
and 37th Sts. on the E. side is taken 
up by the house of Pierre Lorillard. 
On the W. side, Mr. J. C. Drayton's 
house will be admired. On the south- 
west cor. of 35th St. the New York 
C/ub has its home. The palace of 
white Marble, standing upon a terrace 
on the cor. of 34th St. belongs to 
A. T. Stewart, and has been leased 
for a long time by the Manhattan 
Club. On the other side of 34 th St. 
rises the magnificent hotels, Waldorf 
and Astoria, the most luxurious 
hotels in the world. The interior is 
highly artistic and modern and includes 
elegant concert rooms, private 
parlors etc. At No. 319 Fifth Ave. 
is the Coaching Club. Opposite 
the Waldorf on 33 d St. the is the 
Cambridge Hotel. The Knicker- 



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backer Chtb is on the northeast cor. 
of 32 d St. Then we pass Hol- 
land House, the Collegiate Church 
on the northwest cor. of 29 th St., 
and the Calumet Club on the north- 
east cor. of 29 th St. Just E. of 
Fifth Av. in 29 th St. is the Church 
of the Tranfiguration , known 
all over the country as "the little 
church round corner". A menaorial 
window to Henry Montague is one 
of its features, and nearly all actors 
and actresses who die in New York 
are buried from it. The Victoria 
Hotel is on the southwest cor. of 
27 th St. Delmonico's and the Bruns- 
wick at 26 th St. We cross Madison 
Square, pass the Hoffman House 
and the Fifth. Avenue Hotel at the 
cor. of 23 d St., and walk down 
Fifth Ave., which is here given up 
to trade. On the comer of W. 22d St. 
is the newly opened splendid Sohmer 
Building. On the cor. of W. 21st. 
St. is the Union Club; opposite 
are the headquarters of the Baptist 
Chtirch; at the southwest cor. of 
20 th St. are the Methodist head- 
quarters and the headquarters of the 
Presbyterians are close by. 

Chickering Hall is the large low 
building on the northwest cor. of 
18 th St. The prevalence of piano 
dealers is noted before crossing the 
busy current of 14th St. Then we 
are in the district of makers of 
school books and apparatus. The 
church on the cor. of 12 th St. is the 
First Presbyterian, and that next 
is the Church of the Ascension. 
Eighth St. is here called Clinton 
Place, and the white front of the 
Brevoort House will attract attention. 
Then we pass the residences of well 
known families and enter Wash- 
ington Square under the noble 
curve of the Centennial Arch, 
completed in 1893. The park at 
Washington Sq. is 9 acres in extent 
and occupies the site of the old 
Potters' Field, wherein more than 
100,00Q bodies are buried. On the 
N. side of Washington Sq. are still 
many oldfashioned residences. Many 
well known literary men and artists 
live in this neighborhood. On one 
side stands a lofty structure, in the 
top of which, the University of the 
City of New York is located. The 



district S. of this square is inhab- 
ited by a mixture of Italians and 
negros and cithers fallen into the 
deepest social degradation. The 
Italian element predominates, and to 
this people the ^city owes the bronze 
statue of Garibaldi, which faces the 
fountain. The street running down. 
from_ Washington Sq. is S. Fifth Ave., 
and in the neighborhood of Bleecker 
St. is the French quarter of the city. 
The W. side below Washington Sq. 
offers nothing of special interest 
for the tourist. 

We follow up Broadway to 59th 
Street; here B'dway and 8th Ave. 
meet at the Circle. The Circle 
contains a fine marble monument 
of Colum,bus given to the city in 
1892 by the Italian-American citizens. 
The continuation of Broadway aboA'^e 
59 th Street is known as the Boule- 
vard, a grand avenue 150 ft. wide, 
divided in the center by trees and 
grass, and extending North to 167th 
Street; at 125 th St. it reaches what 
was formerly Manhattanville. Here the 
Convent of the Sacred Heart is 
beautifully situated on a hiU, sur- 
rounded by park-line grounds; and 
Manhattan College with stately 
buildings. Farther North of Man- 
hattanville, is Fort Washington or 
Washington Heights, the chief sum- 
mit ofManhattan Island, and command- 
ing a splendid view of the city, the 
Hudson, and the opposite Jersey 
shore. It is occupied by elegant 
villa residences^ The Deaf and 
Dum-b Institution is located here. 
The buildings cover 2 acres and 
stand in a park of 28 acres. Visitors 
are admitted from 1,30 to 4 daily. 

Among the institutions- and build- 
ings not yet mentioned, but worthy 
of notice are the following: The 
Five Points House of Indtistry, 
155 Worth Street and 'Ca&Five Points 
Mission, opposite the House in 
what was once the vilest and most 
dangerous part of the city. 

The Howard Mission, 225 E. 11 th 
St., supports schools and a home for 
needy children. 

At the foot of E. 26 th Street is 
Bellevue Hospital, the largest in 
the City, with accommodations for 
1200 patients. 

TheiV: Y . Institution for the Blind 



815 



*~""^^"^"* Established 20 Years at i8io 20 Division St. •-^^■— •— 

CAFE SCHUMANN 

LADIES & GENTLEMEN'S 

127 and 129 Fourth Avenue 
27 Bet. 12 th & 13 th Sts. 

BRANCH OF OLD STAND, 383 Bowery 

Bet. 5th and 6th Sts. NEW YORK. 



C. BARTSCH, hS^t^s^^JgYiSIt burglars '' 

ALL KINDS OF IRON RAILING WORK MADE, PUT UP AND REPAIRED. 

IRON DOORS, WINDOW k TREE GUARDS, IRON GATES etc. 
COMPLICATED LOCKS Repaired, KEYS PITTED, MECHANICAL BT:LLS Put up. 
Experimental \7ork Bone. BRASS WORK, LAWN MOWERS, Sharpened and Repaired 

!«-. W. lOtttA St., Bet. Columbus & Amsterdam Aves N. Y. 0. 



€H1, SMITH 



21 

REAL ESTATE AND INSURANCE 
274 West 135th Street. NEW YORK. 











C. M. FRETJDENHAMMER 

Manufacturer of and Wholesale Dealer in 


17 


: FINE CIGARS : 




No. 334 East 8o^^ Street. 

Between 1st and 2nd Aves., NEW- YORK. 











Emll A. Dickert's Park House Hotel 

24 WINE8, LIQUORS AND 8EGAR8 

Emll A. Dlckert, 815 Columbus Avenue, 

Proprietor. S. E. Corner lOOtli Street 

Board or Furnished Rooms for Gentlemen only, by the Day $ 1.60—3.00 
or Week % 35.00-50.00. „ . ., 

Bottler of A. Finck f Sons' Lager Beer - Howard & Child's Ale and Porter. 

816 



Fl. HOLLINBIB It C@. 

IMPORTERS, EXPORTERS AND BOTTLERS OF 

* • LAGER BEER • * 

113 
SOLE AGENTS FOR THE U. S. OF 

German Empire Export Brewery, (Kaiser Beer), Bremen. 
First Actien Export Brewing Co., Pilsen, Bohemia. 
G. Sandler's Export Brewery, Culmbach, Bavaria. 
Brauerei "KochelbrSu", Munich, Bavaria. 
Fr. Erich's Export Brewery, Erlangen, Bavaria. 
First Bamberger Export Brewery "Frankenbrau", Bamberg, 
Bavaria. 

ALSO AGENTS OF 
The celebrated "Rochester" Beer (American Brewing Co.) 

OFFICE AND WHOLESALE DEPARTMENT; 115-119 ELM STREET, NEW YORK. 



BRANCHES: 179-181 ILLINOIS STREET, CHICAGO. 
149 W. 125 th STREET 
156-160 W. 126 th STREET 



NEW YORK. 



is at the corner of 9 th Ave and 
34 th St. 

At the corner of 35 th St. and 7 th 
Ave. is the brick and gray stone 
structure of the State Arsenal, the 
headquarters of the Ordnance Depart- 
ment of the State. 

At the corner of 36 th St. and 9th 
Ave is Northwestern Dispensary. 
Park Avenue is the continuation of 
4 th Ave., and a beautiful residence 
street. At the comer of 34 th St. 
and Park Ave. is the 7l st Regiment 
Armory. 

A 7 W. 43 d 8t. is the beautiful 
home of the Century Club, and 
nearly opposite, the R(icket and 
Tennis Club. 

In W. 44th St. are; the Harvard 
Club, the Academy of Medicine, 
the St. Nicholas Chib, the Berkeley 
Lyceum, and the Bar Association 
Building. 

East 50 th St. between 5 th and 
Madison Ave. is Colum-bia Univer- 
sity, the buildings of which are very 
handsome. It is the oldest college 
in the State. 



In East 58 th Street, between 
Lexington and Park Avenues the 
Germ.an Liederkranz, the principal 
German Club, is situated. The Club- 
house is very handsome and worth 
inspecting, and the best German- 
American society is found here. 

- Comer Park Ave. and 59 th St is 
the site of the house of another 
leading German Singing Society 
"the Arion." 

In 59 th St., facing Central Park, 
west of 5 th Ave., are large apartment 
houses, the homes of the Deutsche 
Verein and the Catholic Club. 

Corner 4 th Ave. and 69 th St. is the 
National College, a beautiful build- 
ding in the secular Gothic style. 

On Park Ave. between 69 th and 
70 th Streets is the Union 
ical Seminary . 

At the comer of 72 d St. and Park 
Ave. is the handsome building of 
the Freundschaft Club. 

On 4th Ave. and 94th St., -is the 
imposing armory of the Eighth 
Regiment. 



317 



Between 120 th and 124 th Streets 
is Moimt Morris Square, 20 ares, 
with a rocky hill. 

GRANT MEMORIAL AND 

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY. 

Nobody should fail to visit the 
above nanied places, which are 
situated in close proximity. 

Columbia University is situated on 
the heights east oi MorningsidePark. 

The five "colleges" or departments 
of the University now 'established 
aie: 1. Arts. 2. Science. 3. Law. 
4. Political Science. 5. Medicine. 

ART GALLERIES. 

MeiropolUan Museum of Art. 
Central Paik at 81th Street. 

New York Historical Society. 
Second Ave. and 11th St. 

National Academy of Design. 
Fourth Ave. and 23 d St. 

Fine Arts Society. 215 W. 57 th 
Street. 

American Art Society. 6 E. 
23 d Street. 

Besides Manhattan there are other 
cities, towns and villages constituting 
Greater New York. The principal 
one is the Borough of Brooklyn. 

BROOKLYN. 

Reached by the East River 
Bridge or one of the ferries mentioned 
above. There are the same modes 
of conveyance as in the Borough of 
Manhattan. The Elevated Railway 
has several lines: The Broadway 
line runs from Broadway Ferry to 
Cypress Hills' Cemeterv. The 

Brooklyn Bridge, Grand, Lexing- 
ton Ave. Line runs from the Bridge 
to Van Sicklen Ave. 

The Fifth Ave. line runs from 
the Bridge through Fifth Ave. and 
Thud Ave. to 65 th St. The Fulton 
Ferry Myrtle Ave. line runs from 
Fulton ferry to Wyckoff Ave., 
Ridgewood. The Kings County 
Elevated Railway runs from Fulton 
ferry and Brooklyn Bridge to 
City line. 

Electric street cars, connect with 
the ferries and the Bridge, and run 
through all the principal streets, 
fare 5 cents. 

Brooklyn had in 1890, 800,000 
inhabitants. The main business 



street is Fuiton, from Fulton ferry 
to E. New York. Atlantic Ave. runs 
parallel with Fulton St. from South 
Ferry to E, New York. Clinton 
Ave. is a very beautiful street, being 
embowered with trees and lined 
with costly residences. Many of 
Brooklyn's finest residences, are on 
the park slope, which extends from 
Flatbush Ave. to Ninth St., and 
from 7 th Ave. to Prospect Park. 
The favorite drive is through 
Prospect Park and along the Ocean 
Park-way to Coney Island. Another 
popular drive is the Eastern Park- 
way extendmg from the park 
entrance to E. New York. 

Half a mile above the Bridge 
stands the Court House, next to it 
the Hatl of the Records and the 
the Municipal Buitditig and in front 
of all the City Hall. The latter is 
of white marble in the Ionic style, 
and on the Plaza in front of it is a 
statue of Henry Ward Beecher, by 
Ward. Near this point are many 
large business structures office build- 
ings, banks, theatres, newspapers etc. 
A short distance W. of the City 
Hall, cor. Clinton aixd Pierrepnot 
Sts., stands the home of the Long 
Lsland Historical Society, containing 
valuable relics and a reference 
library of about 50,000 volumes. 
At the intersection of Washington, 
Adams and Johnson Sts. is the 
Post Office, the finest public build- 
ing in the city, built at a cost of 
$5,000,000. 

In Montague St., W. of the City 
Hall, is the Academy of Music, y^\va. 
fine interior decorations, adjoining 
is the Art Association Building, aiid 
opposite the Brooklyn Library in 
Gothic style, containing 120,000 
volumes and two reading rooms. At 
the cor. of Clinton St. is the beaut- 
iful Church of the Holy Trinity 
(Episcopal); this church is in the 
decorated Gothic style and has a 
spire, 275 ft. high. The Pratt In- 
stitute on Ryerson St. founded by 
Charles Pratt, gives instruction in 
trade and other useful arts for both 
sexes; it has a large library and 
maintains lecture courses. The 
Brooklyn Polytechnic Institution is 
on Livingston St., S. of the City 
Hall. The Young Men's Christian 



318 



Association has a fine building in 
Fulton St. cor. Bond. 

The principal Theatres axe: Am- 
phion, Bedford Av., opposite S. 
Ninth St.; Academy of Music, '^ou- 
tagne St., near City Hall; Columbia, 
Washington and TiUary Sts. ; Grand 
Opera House, Elm PL, near Fulton 
St,; Star, Jay St., near Fulton; 
Montauk, 587 Fulton St.; Park, 
Fulton, opposite City Hall; Bijou, 
Smith and Livington Sts. ; Criterion, 
Fulton St., near Grand Av. ; Hyde 
E. Behman's, Adams St., near Myrtle 
Av.; JL,ee Avemie Academ.y, Lee 
near Division Av. ; Novelty, Driggs 
Av. near S. 4th St.; Gayety, Broad- 
way and Thro op St. ; Etnpire, Broad- 
way and S. Sixth St. 

Many of the oldest and most prom- 
inent families reside on what is 
known as Colum.bia Heights. This 
part of the city, overlooks the harbor, 
the lower part of East River and 
the Southern part of New York City. 
Here the land comes to the water 
in a steep bluff, nearly IQO ft. high 
at the foot of Montague St. Along 
the bluffs are lines of wharves and 
ware-houses, but the Highland above 
is covered with handsome houses, 
hotels and churches. It was the 
number of very fine churches in this 
part of the city, which gave to Brook- 
lyn the name "City of Churches". 

Prospect Park is situated upon 
the high ground in the rear of the 
City, it is easily reached by Trolley 
cars. The park is nearly as large 
as Central Park and commands 
magnificent views of the two cities, 
the harbor, Long Island and the 
Atlantic. The main entrance on 
Flatbush Ave. is known as the Plaza; 
in its center are a bronse statute of 
President Lincoln and z. fine foun- 
tain. At the entrance to the park 
is a Mem,orial Arch to the Soldiers 
and Sailors. Within the park is a 
statue to John Howard Payne, and 



a lake upon which are numerous 
boats. 

Park carriages making the circuit 
to the leading points of interest 
charge 25 cents fare. One half mile 
E. of City HaU, between Myrtle and 
De Kalb Aves., is Washington Park; 
it contains 30 acres on an elevated 
plateau and commands extensive 
views. Other parks in Brooklyn are 
the City Park, opposite the Navy 
Yard; Tompkins Park, bounded by 
Marcy, Lafayette, Tompkins and 
Green Aves., and Carroll Park 
situated between Court and Smith, 
and President and CarroU Sts. 

Back of S. Brooklyn lies Green- 
wood Cem-etery' it is two and a half 
miles from the Bridge and is reached 
most directly by the Fifth Ave. 
Elevated Railway. Carriages will be 
found at the entrance of the cem- 
etery, they make the tour of the 
cemetery and the driver explains the 
most interesting things, the charge 
is 25 cents. Greenwood is the best 
known burying groimd in the coun- 
try, and contams a large amount of 
valuable monuments. The main 
entrance near Fifth Ave. and 23d St. 
is a structure in a pointed Gothic 
style. Another entrance on the E. 
side is of ecjual beauty. Among the 
many beautiful monuments, are the 
Pilots' , the Firemens" and the bronse 
bust to Horace Greeley, the Soldier's 
Momiment, the Theatre Fire Mo- 
nument, opposite the main entrance. 
Charlotte Canda's, and that to Mc. 
Donald Clark. 

The U. S. Navy Yard is reached 
by street cars from Fulton Ferry; it 
is located on the S. shore of Walla- 
bout Bay, and is the chief naval 
station of the Republic. Its brick 
walls embrace 45 acres, while 
100 more acres, closely adjacent, 
belong to the establishment. There 
are numerous foundries, work-shops 
and store houses. The U. S. Naval 



4. F. seiHjiiiNjai^ 

130 THIED AVENUE between 14th and 15th Streets. 

The Oldest German Restaurant in New York City. '°' 

FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC BEERS. RHINE AND BORDEAUX WINES. 

Best known German Family Resort. 

ai9 IB 



PI EL BROS. 



EAST ]VET^ "SiTOIili BJaE^W^ER.Y 

ESTABLISHED 1883. l23 

REAL GERMAN LAGER BEER 

MADE OF FINEST HOPS AND MALT EXCLUSIVELY 

AND ENTIRELY FREE FROM CHEMICALS 

CONSEQUENTLY PURE, WHOLESOME, DELICIOUS. 

On draught in most of the -proininent places in New York City 
Connected with Breweiy, 

Hotel -TJjii<x'»*<'9 Comfortable Bar-room 

TWO DELIGHTFUL BEER HALLS and RESTAURANT. 



A RESPECTABLE, UNRIVALED PLACE OF 
RECREATION AND FAMILY RESORT, 



^ ^ 



AFTER THE ORIGINAL GERMAN MODEL. 



Liberty and Sheffield Avenues, BROOKLYN. 

Union L. — Alabama Avenue Station. 

Kings Co. L — Atlantic Avenue Station. 

Rapid Transit — Howard House, and Trolley Cars. 

Upholsterer and Decorator 

874 Amsterdam Avenue 

near 103rd St. CASTLE HOTEI.. 

TELEPHONE, No. 707 COLUMBUS. 
12 

Modern and Antique Furniture. 

Repairing in all its Branches. 
Tlie hanging of Curtains and Draperies a specialty. 

Carpets, Cleaned, Sewed and Relaid. 
Orders for Decorating Out of Town Houses Solicited 




Painter, Decorator and Hard W^ood Finisher. 

842 W. Boulevard, Bet. 101st and 102d Sts. NEW YORK. 

BRANCH: 459 W. BOULEVARD, near 82 d St. 
Front Doors a Specialty, Parquet ]?loors Refinished, Enameliog and Gilding. 
All Orders l^omptly Attended to. Estimates Cheerfully Qiv.en. 26 

AUG. P. SCHMIDT, Hotel and Restaurant 



Rooms for Gciitlcmcii only. 
16 



No. 411 BOULEVARD 

0«n>«r 60th Street. 



820 



UMl 



216 W. 84th STREET 

NEAR BOULEVARD. 
vwwvw 
SPECIAL ATTENTION PAID TO WHEELMEN. 
32 -WHEELS CHECKED FREE OF CHARGE. 



A. W. Anders 

Decoratox» and TJpliolstei'er 
^« 74 ISTEST 99. ST. 

KEW YORK. 

Slip Covers made, and Mattresses made over. 
CARPETS, CLEANED, PITTED and LAID. 

CURTAINS and POLES PUT UP. 



♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦•♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ 



G. H. Madden 

FRESCO PAINTER & DECORATOR 

815 East 44th Street, New York. ,9 

♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦•♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ 



E. SCHNEIDER 

80 

103 West 102nd Street, NEW YORK 

821 IB' 



Lyceum is here, it has a fine library 
and large collections of curiosities. 

STATEN ISLAND. 
Staten Island, is connected with 
New York by ferry-boats, between 
South Ferry and St. George at the 
northern extremity of the island. 
St. George is the terminus of the 
Baltimore & Ohio R. R. branch line, 
which crosses from Elizabeth N. J. 
on a splendid bridge, and is the 
central station of the Staten Island 
Rapid Transit R. R. The island 
is hilly and a£fords from its northern 
highlands very fine views. Quaint 
old ports are scattered along the 
southern shore, and odd little vil- 
lages throughout the island. 



The judicial seat of the island is 
Richmond. The most interesting 
point on the N. shore of the island 
is Sailors Smi^ Harbor and Asylum. 
for aged and infirm seamen, half a 
mile beyond New Brighton. Its 
stately and complete buildings occupy 
a park and attached farming lands 
amountmg together to 185 acres. 
The institution is open to visitors at 
all suitable hours, and is well worth 
inspection. In the park is a large 
bronze statue of Capt. Richard 
Randall, the founder of the institu- 
tion. Another interesting point is 
Prohibition Park, reached by elec- 
tric cars from Port Richmond. The 
S. side of the island has stations for 
Quarantine (Stapleton), Fort Wads- 



TELEiPHOISrE CAX,L 1936 FRANKLIN. 



SUCCESSOR TO 



119 



FR. HOLLENDER & CO. 
273—277 Broadway * * * NEW YORK 

Corner Chambers Street '"■■'^^■^^^ 

RESTAURANT 

BEST OF BEERS AND WINES CONSTANTLY ON HAND. 

A COMPLETE LINE OF IIVIPORTED AND DOMESTIC CIGARS. 



worth, South Beach and Midland 
Beach, all these resorts can be 
reached by cars from St. George. 
Staten Island, as part of Greater 
New York is known as the borough 
of Richmond. 

Visits to other parts of Greater 
New York must be considered as 
excursions and are best made in 
the following maimer: 

LONG ISLAND COAST. 

By Railway: from foot of East 
34 th St. New York, to Long Island 
City and L. I. Ry. 

By Steamboat: Pier 1 west side 
of Battery; in Brooklyn from the 
foot of Fulton Street. 

At the western extremity of Long 
Island the seaside resorts are: 

Coney Island, the most crowded 
and democratic part of the beaches. 



Two iron piers extend out from the 
beach, with bathing homes, restaur- 
ants etc. — Coney Island and 
West Brighton, which form in fact 
one resort, are to New York what 
St. Pauli is to Hambirrg. They are 
the westernmost points of the Island. 
Half a mile east of West Brighton 
is Brighton, the favorite beach for 
the inhabitants ofBrookyn, wherewith 
it is connected by railroad £md trolley 
cars. 

Next east is the fashionable resort, 
Manhattan Beach, the favorite 
place for wealthy New Yorkers. 
There are two large hotels, a 
theatre, splendid bathing houses. 

Farther away, east, is Rockaway, 
to be reached by the Long Island 
R. R. or by Steamboats. 

Another excursion may be made 
through the East River and Long 



822 



A. RUEHL'S KLONDIKE HOTEL 

7 301 WEST 59th STREET 

N. W. Cor. of GRAND CIRCLE NEW YORK 

TELEPHONE. 21 COLUMBUS. J!^ CONCERT EVERY EVENING. 



Island Sozmd. The East River is, 
in fact, only a tidal strait cutting off 
Long Island and connecting New 
York Bay with Long Island Sound. 
We start at New York Bay. The 
first Island in view is Governors 
Island, a fortified military reservation 
of the Government; connected with 
U. S. Barge Office, near South 
Ferry, by ferry boat (free). In 
Governors Island are the headquarters 
of the Military Department of the 
Atlantic. The landing is upon the 
northern side of the Island, at the 
foot of a road running up to the 
Parade. Here is a depot of the 
New York Arsenal. The Parade is 
surrounded by the houses of the 
commandant and staff, the officer's 
club, the chapel and the soldiers' 
barracks, and nearby is the library 
and picture gallery of the Military 
Service Institution, and the Military 
Museum. From the Parade a way 
leads to the interior of Fort Colum- 
bus, and through an opposite port 
we pass down to the level of the 
moat, climb the stairs leading to the 
scarp and descend to Castle 'William., 
a small, circular Battery and command- 
ing the channel. Leaving the Castle 
we walk along the shore, past the 
formidable water batteries, back to 
the ferry. — 

Going up the East River we have 
New York at the left and Brooklyn 
on the right. Past Fulton Ferry on 
the New York side we pass under 
the great suspension bridge and 
round Corlear's Hook. The U. S. 
Navy Yard is at our right, on the 
same side follows Williamsburg, the 
eastern district of Brookljna. On the 
left, New York stretches along solidly 



buUt. Near the the landing of 26 th 
St. is Bellevue Hospital on the N. Y. 
side, just opposite is Green Point, 
the northern extremity of Brooklyn. 
Farther up is Hzmters Point, where 
the Long Island Railroad has its 
terminus, and then appears Long 
Island City, fuU of factories, and 
nothing of interest. On our left is 
the middle part of New York. We 
enter farther up the narrow stretch 
of water between Blackwell s Island 
on the left and Astoria on the right. 
In Astoria are the great Piano fac- 
tories of Messrs. Sohmer & Co. The 
great buildings of Blackwell's Island 
are all charitable or correctional 
institutions. 

The western channel, which- sep- 
arates Ward's Island' from the 
northern part of New York, is known 
as Little Hell Gate. On the left 
appears now Randalls Island, which 
is the site of some charitable 
institutions. 

The strait N. of it is called Bronx 
Kills and admits to the mouth of 
Harlem River. The °.hore on the 
right, just above Astoria, is Richer s 
Island. Further up, on the left, 
appears the Port Morris district, 
while on the right the upper end of 
Astoria, Berrian's Island and North 
Beach is passed. North Beach is 
an amusement resort chiefly visited 
by the working masses, it is reached 
by ferry from E. 99 th St. After 
North Beach, we come to Fhishing 
Bay, College Point and Whitestone, 
all nice summer resorts on the Long 
Island side. Then follows on the 
same side Willet's Point, which is 
a station for the Engineering Corps 
of the U. S. Army. Throg Neck is 



PHOTOGRAPHS OF NEW YORK AND VICINITY 

23 MARK 1.30 

also AMATEUR PHOTOGRAPHERS SPECIALTIES, DEVELOPING &c. 

QBRMAN SPOKEN. ROCKWOOD, 1440, Broadway (40th. St.) NEW YORK. 

333 



80 



L©HT©LO, OPTICIAN 



126 East 23d Street 



NEW YORK 



the low peninsula from the mainland 
nearly meeting Willets's Point; on 
the top end of Throg's Neck stands 
Fort Schuyler; this commands all 
approaches by water from that side 
of New York. It can be reached by 
trolley cars to West Chester. On 
the Long Island coast, we pass 
Little Neck Bay, famous for its 
clams, and Great Neck. City Island, 
is situated between Harfs Island 
and the Westchester shore, it is 
inhabited mostly by boat-builders, 
and fishermen. 

Hart's Island, just in front of 
Manhasset Bay, is the potter's field 
for the City of New York. There 
is also a lunatic asylum and other 
charitable establishments. We pass 
on the right Sands Point, bearing 
a light-house and reach Glen 
Island, fitted up as a splendid 
pleasure resort by J. M. Starin. Glen 
Island, is spendidly laid-out and 
contains restaui'ants, picnic grounds, 
Zoological Garden etc., and is much 
frequented in summer. Steam-boats 
connect the island with New York, 
on theE. side at the foot of 22 d St., 
and on the W. side at the foot of 
Cortland St. 

Another delightful excursion may 
be made by touring the harbor. 

We leave the Battery, with Castle 
Garden, the former State immigrant 
depot and now a beautiful Aquarium. 
When the United States, in 1891 



took charge of immigration. Castle 
Garden was abandoned and a new 
depot established on Ellis Island. 
This is a small island between the 
Liberty Statue and the shore. All 
steerage passengers are transferred 
to this island, and before they land, 
are examined as to their eligibility 
as citizens, A ferry.boat runs 
between the Battery and the island. 

The Liberty Statue stands upon 
Bedloe's Island. This colossal figure, 
the largest of modem times, is made 
of copper plates, is 151 ft. in height, 
and stands upon a j)edestal 150 ft. 
high. The statue is by Augusta 
Bartholdi, and is a gift of the French 
people to the people of the United 
States. It represents a grand figure 
of a woman holding aloft a torch, 
and SYmboWzvag Liberty Enlightening 
the World. 

Stairways in the interior of the 
pedestal lead to balconies on each 
side at the base of the statue and 
up into the statue itself. A stairway 
leads to the hollow in the top of the 
head, and a row of windows in the 
half circle in the coronet over- 
looks the whole harbor and all the 
surroundings. In the head is space 
enough for 40 persons at the same 
time. The torch is lighted by a 
cluster of electric lamps. 

Bedloe's Island, is reached by a 
steam-boat, leaving the Battery 
every even hour, between 8 a. m. 




^ ^ 



# 



62b 



324 



Alaska-Klondyke Gold Mining Co. 

Capital Stock, 500,000 Shares of Doll. 10.00 each, fully paid 

and non-assessable, of which 250,000 Shares are now 

offered for subscription at par. 

Shares will be allotted in the order in which subscriptions are received. 
A considerable portion of this issue has been subscribed. 

DIRECTORS. 

JAMES RICE, late Secretary State of Colorado; WM. SHAW, capi- 
talist, Chicago; E. M. TITCOMB, Vice President and General Manager 
Eastman Fruit Dispatcli Co.; H. C. FASH, member Maritime Exchange, 
New York; GEO. W. MORGAN, Circle CitJ^ Alaska; JOHN R. LOWTHER, 
New York; GEORGE T. DURFEE, Fall River, Mass. 

ADVISORY BOARD. 

GEN. GEO. H. FORD, President Chamber of Commerce and Di- 
recior Merchants' Bank, New Haven, Conn.: Flon L. H. WAKI:FIELD, 
Associate Justice First District Court, South Framingham, Mass.; Hon. G. 
Q. RICHMOND, late President Court of Appeals, Denver, Col., S. G. 
UPDEGRAF, late Treasurer Lj'-coming County, Williamsport, Penn. ; 
SAMUEL M. BRYAN, President Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Co.; 
Washington, D. C; Dr. R. C. FISHER. 1,321 Michigan av.. Chicago, 111; 
P. A. HUFFMANN, Detroit, Mich.; M. G. B. SWIFT, Attorney at Law, 
Fall River, Mass. ; ISAAC W. SCOTT, Deputy Collector, Cedar Rapids, Jow.a. 



THE BUSINESS OF THE ALASKA-KLONDYKE GOLD MINING 
COMPANY will be to run a dine of steamers on the Yukon River, and 
between Seattle and the different ports of Alaska, open supply stores at 
the different camps, do a general TRANSPORTATION, COMMERCIAL 
and BANKING BUSINESS, and, in addition, , DEAL IN MINING CLAIMS, 
and WORK THE MINES ALREADY OWNED and that may hereafter be 
acquired by the Company. The company now have the following claims. 

EIGHT GOLD PLACER CLAIMS AGGREGATING 160^ ACRES 
IN EXTENT, located on FORTY MILE CREEK, under United States 
mining laws. Development has proved the pay streak to be five feet thick, 
and has yielded placer dirt that pans from $ 10 to $ 15 to "the pan. This 
indicates that there is an absolute certainty of a yield not less than 
$ 25,000,000 to $ 30,000,000 in the placer location FIVE GOLD PLACER 
CLAIMS, AGGREGATING lOO ACRES in extent, on PORCUPINE RIVER, 
that pans from 25 cents to $ lO to a pan; one claim has had a shaft sunk 
to bed rock, and was worked last winter by two men, yielding in that 
time $ 40,000, and not over 1-20 of the claim worked, demonstrating that 
there is at least $ 5,000,000 in the total fi-\'e claims. ' ■ ■ 

325 



TEN GOLD PLACER CLAIMS, AGGREGATING 200 ACRES, 
on tlie TANANA RIVFR, panning from $ 10 to $ 50 a yard. No extensive 
work has yet been done on these claims. 

TWENTY GOLD PLACER CLAIMS ON THE SUSHITNA RIVER 
prospecting from $1 to $ 5 to the pan. These claims are yet to be devel- 
oped — they are very promising. 

A FINE GOLD QUARTZ LODE WITHIN A short distance from 
the Yukon in Alaska, which assay? from $ 15 to f 500 per ton. The lode 
shows an enormous outcrop of free milling ore, — vein at surface being 
twelve feet thick; on this propertj^ have made twelve locations of 1500 
feet by 300 feet equalling 120 acres. WE DON'T CLAIM THAT IT IS 
THE MOTHER LODE, BUT WE DO KNOW IT IS WITHOUT AN 
EQUAL FOR PROSPECTIVE VALUES. 

The estimates and statement of facts herein are of necessity based 
upon information obtamed from our Superintendent, and are believed and 
accepted by the company. 

This company having acquired extensive holdings of rich placer 
and gold quartz properties, capable of earning large dividends on its stock, 
ofters to investors advantages that insure large and profitable returns. 

Mr. George W. Morgan, our Superintendent, has been on the Yukon 
for the past year working in the interest of this company. Therefore, 
we are not asking any one to contribute to a project unplanned, but to 
one thoroughly matured. This company, with its able aids, extensive 
knowledge, and great resources, is certain to become one of the richest 
companies operating in Alaska. 

Our President takes pleasure in referring you to the following list 
of references: 

JAMES E. DEWEY, Mills & Co., Bankers Detroit, Mich.; LOUIS 
C. TETAliD, Commissioner World's Fair from Mexico, "The Rookery", 
Chicago, 111.; Senator H. M. TELLER of Colorado; JOHN SHAFROTH, 
Representative to Congress, Colorado; J. M. BELL, Representative to 
Congress, Colorado; C. C. CLEMENT, Washington Trust Co. Building, 
Washington, D. C; JOSEPH C. HELM, ex-Chief Justice of Colorado; 
CHARLES D. HAYT, Chief Justice of Colorado; C. B. MAUGHAN, 219 
Times-Herald, Chicago, 111.; MAURICE JOYCE, Electro Picture, Star 
Building, Washington, D. C. ; CAPT. J. J. LAMBERT, OwTier and Editor 
Chieftain, Pueblo, Col.; S. L. HILLEGHMAN, Tax Agent M. P. R. R. 
St. Louis, Mo.; R. E. GOWAN, Drexel Co., Philadelphia. 

The full-paid stock is now offered at TEN DOLLARS 
per share. Send your orders to the 

Alaska -Klondyke Gold Mining Co. 

JAMES RICE, President, No. 96 Broadway, New York. 

326 



aeHjijNAxSu BROS. 

Original Egyptian Cigarettes * Fine Turkish Tobacco 



48 BROAD STREET 



ISTEVT YORK. 



THE K.OO^T HOME OF THE TOBIES 

HENRY AHRENS 84 

NEW YORK. 



249 WEST FOURTH STREET 

comer CHAKLES STREET. 



and 4 p. m. ; the fare for the round- 
trip is 25 cents. Leaving Badloe's 
Island the New Jersey shore is on 
the right. Straight ahead is Robin's 
Reef Lighthouse. On the left is 
S. Brooklyn: Prospect Park and 
Greenwood Cemetery form the 
background of the city. Sbuth of 
it is Bay Ridge, below is Fort 
Hamilton; this is a military reser- 
vation containing nearly 100 acres, 
and reaching around to the beach of 
Gravesand. The guns of the fort 
command the Narrows and the 
approach from the Lower Bay. 
La front of Fort Hamilton stands 
Fort Lafayette upon an artificial 
island; it is constructed of brick, 
and its guns comcmand the channel. 
The Narrows are here only a mile 
wide and form the gateway of the 
Lower Bay into the harbor. 

West is the eastern end of Staten 
Island, with the villages of Clifton, 
Stapleton and Tompkinsville . The 
point at the Narrows is occupied by 
Fort Wadsworth, situated on a 
military reservation, iucludiag 100 
acres. Having sailed through the 
Narrows, the Lower Bay spreads to 
the right. Near at hand is Qtiar- 
antine Station with its dependences, 
the hospital ship "Illinois", Swin- 
burne Island with the hospital for 
contagious diseases, Hoffman Island 
used for the detention and disinfec- 



tion of persons arriving in infected 
vessels, the quarantine burying- 
ground, situated at Seguin's, Staten 
Island; the station at Clifton, Staten 
Island, where the health officers 
reside, and from which all vessels 
are boarded arriving from non- 
infected ports. From Quarantine 8 
or 10 miles southwest is the low 
fort on Sandy Hook, which is situat- 
ed on the New Jersey coastline. 
Some distance out side of it, lie the 
Sandy Hook and Scotland Light- 
ships, marking the position of some 
dangerous shoals. Just at the heel 
of Sandy Hook rise the lofty Nave- 
sink Highlands, surmounted by twin 
light-houses. Here resides a "ship- 
news" agent. 

The sea . side resorts upon the 
coast of New Jersey are described 
in another chapter. 

On the N. of New York are the 
hills and dales of Westchester county 
containing many pretty towns and 
villages. 

Jersey City and Hoboken, although 
in another State, belong in fact to 
New York City, and are described 
under New Jersey. 

A very popular excursion is to the 
northwestern point of the city, called 
Fort George, there are several good 
restaurants and splendid views over 
the Harlem River. 



193 THIRD AVENUE ^ NEW YORK, CITY 

PRACTICAL TRUSSMAKER AND ORTHOPEDIST 

Manufacturer of Trusses, Supporters, Braces, Elastic Hosiery 

and Apparatus for Deformity. 

DEALER IN INVALID AND SICK ROOM SUPPLIES, 

RUBBER GOODS OP EVERY DESCRIPTION. 
327 




Columbia 
Chainless Bicycles 

PorMeoand Price, ^1?C« 
Women. ■ •Pl^O. 

Beautiful and graceful in outline, 
clean cut and neat in appearance, 
strong and rigid in construction, 
8\vift and easy running on the level, 
lightning on the down grade, a mar- 
velous hill-climber, the motive parts 
throughout totally unaffected by 
mud, dust rain or sleet, and a wheel 
that can be appropriately used all 
the year round, regardless of weath - 
cT—that*s the Columbia Chainless. 

Standard of the World, 

POPE MFG. CO., Hartford, Conn. 

IfColumbias are not properly represent- 
ed in your vicinity, let us know. Chain- 
less Bicycle Catalogue by mail lor one 
2 cent stamp, or free by calling on any 
Columbia dealer. 



"The 
Light 
Running" 



DENSMORE 



"The World's 
Greatest 
Typewriter". 



The Bali-Bearing Type-Bar Joints Mark an Era in Typewriter 
Construction. 

FROM THE U. S. GOVERNMENT.. 

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

Waslimgton, Sept. 2, 1896. 
Densmore Typewriter Company, 
New York. 

GENTLEMEN: — . 
We have now in use in the Bureaus of this Department nearly 
125 Densmore Machines. We have had no complaint from the users of 
them, hence we conclude they ary giving entire satisfaction. 

Respectfully, 
(Signed) HIRAM BUCKINGHAM, Custodian. 









:?'^«:f'*>w^^.fl,^*'; -J'- 



OTHER SUPERIORITIES ESTABLISHED: 

LIGHTEST KEY TOUCH 

Because of the Compound Levers. 
GREATEST SPEED 

Because of the Convertible Speed Escapement 

MOST CONVENIENT PAPER FEED 

Because of the unique paper-fingers, and ease with which platen is turned 
to show writing. 
BEST FOR BOTH CORRESPONDENCE and 9IANIFOI.DING 

Because of the instantly interchangeable printing cylinders. 

Our descriptive pamphlet contains strong praise from 
78 Leading Concerns and from the U. S. Government. 



Densmore Typewriter Co, 



316 BROADWAY, 



NEW YORK. 



329 




330 



Agents of the North German Lloyd: 



Ileiwy Bischoff & Co., Staats Zei- 
timgs Build'g., N. Y. City. 

< Thos Cook & Son, 261 Broadway, 
N. Y. City. 

George Deffaa, 240 E. 79 St. 
N. Y. City. 

Chas. A. Foucart, 37 Desbrosses 
St., N. Y. City. , 

H. Gase & Son, 113 Broadway, 
N. Y. City. 

E. M. Jenkins & Co., 273 Broad- 
way, N. Y. City. 

Edwin H. Low, 1121 Broadway, 
N. Y. City, 



F. Missler & Kriwunert, 106 West 
St., N. Y. City. 

Raymond & Whit comb, 31 E. 14tli 
St., N. Y. City. 

/. Rosenberg, 92 E, 14th St., 
N. Y. City. 

H. F. Koch, 48 Broadway, Brook- 
lyn N Y. 

J. Lehrenkrauss & Sons, 379 
Fulton St., Brooklyn N. Y. 

J. H. Scheidt, 180 Graham Ave., 
Brooklyn E. D. N. Y. 

Geo Sieins, 134 Greenpoint Ave., 
Brooklyn N. Y. 



y'!i. 




A FIRST CLASS LINE 



FOR FIRST CLASS TRAVEL. 
NEW YORK 

AND 

BOSTON 

TO DETROIT, CHICAGO AND WESTERN POINTS 





The Conimissioner of Railroads says of the Michigan Central: 
'The main line is as near perfection in the way of construction, appoint- 
ments, service and able management as can be conceived in modern 
railroading." 

MAGNIFICENT EQUIPMENT. 

PRIVATE COMPARTMENT CARS. * WAGNER SLEEPING. 

BUFFET LIBRARY AND DINING CARS. 

THROUGH WITHOUT CHANGE. GRAND CENTRAL STATION, NEW YORK. 



67 



O. W. RUGGLES 
Gen. Passenger and 
Ticket agent, 
Chicago. 



W. H. UNDERWOOD, 
Gen'l Eastern Pass'r. Agt. 
Buffalo. 



833 



FROM NEW YORK TO CHICAGO. 




There is but one railway station in the City of New York, the 
Grand Central, located, as its name implies, in the heart of the city, but 
a short distance from all the leading hotels and easily accessible by 
elevated railroad and tramways. From this commodious and convenient 
station, the other cars and trains of the New York Central and Michigan 
Central Railroad leave momrag, afternoon and night for Chicago, equipped 
with a degree of perfection as regards safety, comfort, and even luxury, 
unsurpassed on the European Continent. All the through trains are 
fm'nished with Wagner Palace sleeping cars running through from New 
York to Chicago without change; and the North Shore Limited, which is 
a train of especial luxury, making the entire Distance of 936 miles in 24 
hours has a private compartment car especially suited to the wants of 
families and of ladies travelling without escort. This train and the 
Chicago Special, are also furnished with buffet-library smoking cars con- 
taining, in addition to the buffet and the most comfortable of easy chairs, 
a weU selected library with the current publications, writing-desks and 
stationery, a barber's shop, and a bath room. 

333 




Me^ls are served eu route at the passenger's leisure and while he 
may, at the same time, enjoy the panorama speeding by before his eyes 
in the dining cars of this line, which have become famous beyond the 
botinds of our own country. In fact, the Michigan Central dining cars 
have received the very highest possible commendation from the best 
judges and experienced travelers for the excellence of their cuisine and 
the perfection of t'heir sei^vice. 

For 140 miles after leaving New York, the trains follow the east 
bank of the Hudson River, that one river, which, as Bayard Taylor has 
well said, — "From its source to the ocean tmrolls a long chain of lands- 
capes wherein there is no tame feature, but each successive view presents 
new combinations of beauty and majesty which other rivers may surpass 
in sections, but none rival as a whole". 

For many miles the river is bordered with the magnificent mansions 
of the merchant princes of New York, and mountain and cove with long 
reaches of the broadened stream present themselves to the travelers's 
eye in constantly varying perspective. These are best seen from the 
Chicago Special and the North Shore Limited which leave New York in 
the morning. From Albany, where the trains are joined by the through 
cars from Boston via the Boston and Albany Railroad, the line traverses 
the beautiful and picturesque Mohawk Valley and through the rich and 
comparatively populous region of central and western New York to Buffalo, 
nobly situated at the eastern extremity of Lake Erie, and the eastern 
terminus of the Michigan Central. Buffalo is an interesting and beautiful 
city well worth the attention of the traveler. 

334 



Niagara Falls, is but 22 miles distant to the North and down the 
Niagara River. This great cataract, which many travelers have declared 
to be the crowning glory of the world's natural wonders, should, if 
possible, be visited at leisure as its stupendous magnitude and glorious 
majesty, as well as its numerous accessories of the rapids above the falls, 
the islands in the river, the wonderful gorge that it has eroded in millions 
of years, and the famous Whirlpool Rapids below, cannot be appreciated 
at the first glance, and require time and views from many points to be 
fully appreciated. 




The remarkable engineering works in the vicinity, notably the 
great steel Canfaliver Bridge of the Michigan Central, and the wonderful 
electrical and manufacturing plants growing out of the development of 
but an insignificant portion of the water power, all excite the interest and 
the wonder of the intelligent visitor. In spite of much that has been said 
to the contrary in years past, the hotels and other accomodations at 
Niagara Falls will be found to be excellent in quality and very reasonable 
in price. The Michigan Central trains in going down to the Cantaliver 
Bridge, as well as in passing over it, and going up on the Canada side, 
afford frequent glimses of the falls, of the stupendous gorge, and of the 
Whirlpool Rapids directly below the bridge. 

All trains passing by daylight stop five minutes at Falls "View, a 
point of vantage on the Canada side on the high bluff directly above and 
overlooking not only the great Horseshoe, but all the extent of the falls 
themselves, the broad River stretching for miles above the green islands 
in their midst, and the great boiling caldron below, from which rises 

335 



columns of many tinted spray. When the sun is in the West, one and 
oftentimes two, rainbows are to be distinctly seen in their most vivid 
colorinsr. 



■?''"^\-Vv 




Leaving Falls View, the line runs through the rich and fertile 
region of Ontario to Detroit River, which is crossed upon the most 
powerful steel transfer steamers, caiiying the entice train, and from the 
deck of which the striking panorama of the broad river, with the city ol 
Detroit upon one side, and Windsor upon the other, may be observed. 

Detroit, the metropolis of Michigan, is a beautiful manufacturing 
city of nearly 300,000 inhabitants, with fine parks, boulevards and public 
and private buildings. Westward the 286 miles to Chicago passes through 
the richest and most prosperous portion of the State of Michigan, with 
many fine and attractive towns, public institutions, including, notably, the 
famous University of Michigan at Ann Harbor. The railroad stations on 
the Main line in Michigan, as well as some of those in Canada, are 
especially attractive, not only 'for their vaiied style of architecture and 
their convenient arrangement, but especially for theii" beautiful and generally 
extensive grounds laid out with flower beds and shrubbery and, at Ypsilanti 
and Niles, equipped with extensive green houses, from which come the 
bouquets presented upon the trains to the lady patrons of the road. 

The entrance to Chicago by the Michigan Central is peculiarly 
attractive, having for miles upon the one side the broad expanse of that, 
great inland sea. Lake Michigan, under its varying aspects of calm and 
storm, and upon the other hand, the pretty suburbs and more pretentious 
mansions of the southern residence portion of the city. After passing 
G3rd Street, an important suburban station the broad expanse of Jackson 
Park, where the Califoi-nia exposition was located, and the long vista of 
the Midway Plaisance ai-e seen before arriving at the terminal station on 
the lake front at the foot of 12 th Street and Park Row. This fronts on 
the extensive Lake Front Park, ornamented by St. Gauden's latest work 

336 



his statue of General JLog^an, and upon which front a long array ot 
magnificent hotels and commercial buildings. The station itself is furnished 
with every convenience for the waiting traveler, and from which elegant 
transfer coaches are run to the stations of the western, north-western 
and south-western lines. There will also be found a special cab and carriage 
service, firstclass in character, and with charges strictly regulated by city 
ordinance. It is but a short distance to the principal hotels and the business 
centre of the city, and, above all, the passenger who arrives on the 
Michigan Central trains (thanks to th« innimierable devices for his com- 
rort), finds himself fresh and hungry after his long journey. 




337 



lORTH CAROLINA. 



The name: „Arx Carolina" was 
given by the Huguenot colonists 
under Ribault and Landouniere, 
landing near Beaufort in 1562, to 
their little fortress, in honor of King 
Chailes IX. of France; and this 
title gi-adually became attached to 
the country. The podular pet name 
is „The Old North State", referring 
to its place in the Carolinas. 

North Carolina lies between 33'> 
50' to 36" 33, north latitude, and 75o 
27' to 84° 20' west logitude. Her 
population was in 1860 : 992,622, 
and increased 1890 to 1,617,947, 40 
per cent of which are colored. 

ASHEVILLE. N. C. 

In WesternNorth Carolina, between 
the Blue Ridge on the east and the 
Alleghanies on the west, lies this 
beautiful valley of the French Broad. 

It is a land of bright skies, incom- 
parable climate, and picturesque 
scenery. The city of twelve thou- 
sand people is situated in the heart 
of the mountains, twenty-three 
hundred feet above the level of the 
sea. 

Asheville is reached by the Rich- 
mond & Dansville R. R. 



CHARLOTTE, N. C. 

The third largest city of North 
Carolina, on Sugar Creek, 175 
mis. from Raleigh and 120 mis. from 
Fayetteville. It has a population of 
about 12,000. 

Charlotte is in the midst of the 
gold region of the State, and is the 



seat of U. S. Assay Office formerly 
a United States Branch Mint. 

Biddle University, large public 
schools and various manufactures 
are in Charlotte. 

Railroads : Carolina Central ; 
Richmond & Danville. 



FLORENCE, N. C. 
102 mis. from Charleston and 
110 from Wilmington, a place of 
considerable commercial importance 
by reason of its railroad facilities, 
and is the point of shipment for 
most of the cotton of the adjacent 
country. 

NEW BERNE, N. C. 

The chief town of a large colony 
of Swiss and Germans, founded in 
1712, under Baron de Graffemeid, 
at the confluence of the Neuse and 
Trent rivers. It has a large trade 
in shipping early vegetables and 
naval stores to the North, with 
steamship lines to Norfalk, Baltimore 
and New York. It had a population 
of 7,843 in 1890. 

Railroads: Atlantic & North 
Carolina. 

RALEIGH, N. C. 
The capital of North Carolina, 
situated a little northeast of the 
center of the State, 6 mis. west of 
the Neuse River. It is a handsome 
city of 12,678 inh., on a high and 
healthful position. It is legulaxly 
laid out, with a large park — Union 



338 



Square — in its center, an open area 
often acres, occupying a centre, on 
the sides of which are the principal 
streets. The State House, which is 
in this square, is one ojf the most 
imposing of the Capitols of the 
United States. 

THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH 
CAROLINA. 
Was incorporated in 1789 ; endowed 
with large tracts of Tennessee land; 
and opened in 1795, at Chapel Hill, 
28 miles westward of Raleigh. When 
the Secession War broke out, it had 
500 students; and this was the only 
Southern university kept open 
thi-oughout those terrible years. In 
1868, Gov. David L. Swain, its Pres- 
ident siuce 1835, was displaced, and a 
new faculty came into power: but 
the University closed its doors, from 
1870 to 1875, having lost touch with 



the people. Ex - State - Treasurer 
Kemp P. Battle became President in 
1876, and better days dawned on 
the venerable institution. It has 17 
instructors and 200 students, a 
library of 25,000 volumes, and val- 
uable museums. Over 4,000 North 
Carolinians have been ediicated here. 

WILMINGTON, N. C. 

The largest and the chief commer- 
cial city of North Carolina, in the 
south-eastern extremity of the State, 
upon the Cape Fear River, 34 mis. 
from the sea. It has a population 
of over 20,000, an extensive com- 
merce, both coast wise and foreign. 
Electric cars through the principal 
streets to Oakdale Cemetery and the 
railway stations. 

Railroads: Carolina Central; 
WUmington, Columbia & Augusta. 



339 



NORTH DAKOTA. 



The settlement of North Dakota 
dates back only about twenty years, 
when the Northern Pacific Railway 
was first constructed as far west as 
the Missouri River. During that 
period a large part of what was for- 
merly unoccupied prairie is now 
noted as one of the great wheat- 
producing States of the Union, its 
average annual crop beuig about 
40,000,000 bushels, reaching a yield 
of 64,713,328 bushels in 1891, and 
in 1895, 56,820,145 bushels. The 
State is well supplied with railways 
in all its settled districts, and the 
people form an independent, prosper- 
ous farming community. The total 
area of the State is 70,795 square 
miles, or 45,308,800 acres, nearly 
as large as that of Indiana and Ohio 
combined. The population is most 
dense in the eastern portion, and is 
still very sparse in the western part 
of the State. In the extreme west- 
ern part of the State the country 
is valuable chiefly for pasturage for 
cattle, sheep and horses. The pres- 
ent population is about 225,000. 
The entire State is a pranie country, 
nearly level, in the Red River Valley 
and the eastern part, rollmg in the 
central part, and hilly in the western 
part. Along the margin of the 
streams there are narrow growths 
of wood, and along the Missouri 
River there ai-e considerable belts 
of timber, and also on the shores 
of some of the lakes and ponds. 
Trees grow wherever they are plant- 
ed and cared for untU they get a 
fair start, and most thrifty fai'mers 
have shade trees around their houses. 



In the western part of the .State 
lignite coal of good quality and in 
thick veins underlie a large portion 
of the country. This coal furnishes 
a cheap domestic fuel. 

North Dakota has a healthful and 
agreeable climate, and its pure atmof- 
phere serves as a remedy for many 
complaints growing out of bad cli- 
matic conditions in other States. The 
winters are cold, but di-y, and in 
the coldest weather there is usuallj 
t)ut little wind. The snow-fall is 
compatively light. Spring comes 
very rapidly, and by the time the 
snow is on the ground the roads 
are good and farm-work begins. The 
heat of the sununer is tempered by 
continuous breezes; the nights are 
almost always cool. There is gene- 
ral exemption from the malarious 
and pulmonary diseases known to 
many portions of the United States. 
Storm are rare at all seasons of the 
year; cyclones have never been 
experienced. 

ADRIAN, No. Dak. 
N. P. R. James River Branch. 
Population 50, has an elevator, store, 
hotel, school, lumber and coal yard, 
etc. Surrounding country very fer- 
tile. Small game abundant. 

BISMARCK, No. Dak. 

N. P. R. L. S. D. Is the capital, 
with a fine capitol building, erected 
in 1883. It is also the county seat 
of Burleigh county. Population, 
2,200. Four hotels, five churches, 
five school buildings, St. Mary's 
Catholic Seminary, a United States 



340 



land office, three banks, a public 
hall, two daily and two weklye 
newspapers, ' court house and town 
hall. All branches of trade are well 
represented. Products are wheat, 
oats and potatoes. Shipments same. 
A good farming country is tributary; 
the land to Ihe north, in the Painted 
Woods district, and around Wash- 
burn, being especially fine. Game; 
antelope, deer, elk, prairie chickens 
and duck. Four lines of steamers 
receiving and discharging general 
merchandise aud supplies run to arid 
from Upper Missouri River forts, 
posts and landings. Williamsport, 
Winchester, Fort Y ates, and Standing 
Rock Indian Agency, to the south, 
are reached by stages daily, except 
Sunday; and Washburn, Fort Steven- 
son, Fort Berthold Indian Agency, 
and Villard, in the Mouse River 
County, to the north, are reached 
by stages daUy, except Sunday, from 
Bismarck. 

BUFFALO, No. Dak. 

N. P. R.L.S.D. has 500 iahabitants 
three hotels, newspaper, graded 
school, four elevators, two churches, 
four warehouses, seven general 
stores, bank, and one school house. 
Produces wheat, oats and corn. 

CARRINGTON, No. Dak. 

N. P. R. Devil's Lake Branch. 
Population 700, is the point from 
which the Sykeston Branch diverges. 
It is the county seat of Foster coimty. 
has two hotels, two banks, public 
hall, several stores, four churches, 
newspaper, school building, three 
OTain elevators, one flour mill, and 
three machine shops. Good farming 
country, wheat, oats, and potatoes 
being the principal products. Game : 
deer, antelope, geese, ducks, chick- 
ens, etc. 

CASSELTON, No. Dak. 

N. P. R. L. S. D. has a population 
of l,2oo, six hotels, four churches, 
two school buildings, one elevator, 
two banks, two weekly newspapers, 
twelve general stores in aU branches 
of trade, and two public halls. 
Wheat, barley, flax and pork are the 
principal products. 



COUPERSTOWN, No. Dak. 
N. P. R. Cooperstown Branch. 
Population 800, county seat of 
Griggs county, has three hotels, 
bank, several stores, four churches, 
four grain elevators of 175 000 
bushels' capacity, one grain ware- 
house, two lumber yards, one news- 
paper, a large school building and 
a court house. Being the terminus 
of this branch, Cooperstown com- 
mands the trade of Griggs, and part 
of Nelson and Steele counties. 
Grain is raised and shipped in large 
quantities, and cattle, hog and sheep- 
raising are becoming important 
industries. Game: ducks, geese, 
prairie chickens. 

CRYSTAL SPRINGS, No. Dak. 

N. P. R. L. S. D. on Crystal Lake, 
population 25, has hotel, general 
store, and school. Game: deer, 
antelopes, jack rabbits, geese, ducks, 
and prairie chickens in abundance. 
Wolves, fox, and badger are exten- 
sively trapped for their fur. 

DALRYMPLE, No. Dak. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. is two miles east 
of Casselton, and is the station for 
the famous Dahrymple farm, consist- 
ing of 25,000 acres under cultivation 

DAVENPORT, No. Dak. 
N. P. R. Fargo & Southwestern 
Branch. Population 300, has eight 
stores, one hotel, two grain elevators, 
flour miU, livery, blacksmith shops, 
school, and a lumber and coal yard. 
Products : wheat, barley, etc. Game: 
ducks, geese, prairie chickens, etc. 

DAWSON, No. Dak. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. population, 400. 
Lake Isabel and other beautiful lakes 
are near. One steam flour mill, 
three hotels, five stores, two lumber 
yards, school house, two newspapers, 
and one church. Good water is ob- 
tained at a depth of 15 feet. Game: 
rabbits, grouse, geese and ducks. 
Products are wheat, oats, flax and 
potatoes. Grain the principal 
shipment. 

DAZEY, No. Dak. 
N. P. R. Cooperstown Branch. 
Situated in the rich wheat belt be- 



841 



tween the Sheyenne and James 
Rivers, has a population of 300, two 
hotels, four stores, one livery stable, 
three elevators, one public hall, one 
church, and a commodious school 
building. Products: wheat, oats, 
barley and flaxseed. Small game. 

DICICEY, No. Dak. 
N. P. R. Jaihes River Branch. 
Population 100, has church, school, 
theatre, two warehouses, two elevators, 
four general stores, coal and lumber 
yai'd and blacksmith shop ; fine place 
for winter fishing in the James Rjver ; 
small game abundant. 

DICKINSON, No. Dak. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. On Heart River, 
the county seat of Stark county, 
popidation 1,500, has three hotels, 
two newspapers, opera house, various 
stores, school- house, four churches 
and one bank. Antelope, and small 
game are abundant. Products: wheat, 
oats, corn, barley, potatoes. Round- 
houses, shops, etc., are located here. 
This is one of the lai^gest cattle 
shipping points on the Northern 
Pacific line. Sheep raising has grown 
during the past few years to be one 
of the principal industries. Exten- 
sive beds of lignite coal cire located 
east of Dickinson, and large quan- 
tities are being mined for shipment 
east and west. 

DRAYTON, No. Dak. 
N. P. R. Manitoba Division. Popula- 
tion 950, is located ia a thickly 
settled farming country, and has six 
laige elevators, six general stores, 
two drug stores, harness shop, two 
meat markets, three churches, gxaded 
school, two hardwai'e stores, bank, 
two hotels, livery, opera house, two 
lumber yards, flour mill, two black- 
smith shops, boiler and machine shop, 
elevator, and two agricultural imple- 
ment warehouses. 

EDGELEY, No. Dak. 
N. P. R. Fargo & Southwestern 
Branch, Population 300, has twelve 
stores, two hotels, one weekly news- 
paper, bank, hall, school, two 
elevators, livery stable, two churches, 
etc. This is the terminus of the 
F. & S. W. branch. Connection is 



made at this point with the C, 
M. & St. P. Ry. for points south. 
Large and small game plentiful. 

ELDRIDGE, No. Dak. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. has loo inhabitants, 
one hotel, church, school house, one 
elevator, capacity 25,000 bushels, 
one store, etc. Products: wheat, 
etc. Game: ducks, geese and 
chickens. 

ENGLEVALE, No. Dak. 
N. P. R. Fargo & Southwestern 
Branch. Population 100, has one 
general store, lumber yard, coal and 
wood yard, three elevators and 
schoolhouse. Good farming country. 

FARGO, No. Dak. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. county seat of Cass 
County, has lo,ooo inhabitants, 
twenty-eight hotels, twelve chiuxhes, 
foiir banks, eight newspapers (three 
daily and fine weekly), besides several 
monthly publications, a fine new 
opera house, a United States Land 
Office, court house costing over 
$ 100,000, Holly system of water- 
works, gas and electric light plant, 
and fine schools and school buildings, 
three elevators vrith capacity of 
250,000 bushels, three flour mills, 
four wholesale grocery houses, two 
wholesale fiuit houses, and one sad- 
dlery jobbing house, 200 stores and 
manufactories; all the various branch- 
ches of trade which make a thi-ifty 
and prosperous city. Fargo is the 
third largest farm machinery distrib- 
uting point in the United States. 
Brick is also manufactured extensively. 
By the great fire of 1893, all the 
business houses, and the greater part 
of the private residences were 
destroyed. Since then the entire city 
has been rebuilt with brick and stone, 
making the finest appearmg city in the 
State. A government building, to cost 
$100,000, is in course of erection, 
and last fall the en the business portion 
of the city was paved at a cost of 
over $50,000. It is favorably situated 
on the Red River, in the center of 
the rich agricultural belt of the 
renowned Red River Valley, especially 
adapted to the raising of wheat, oats, 
barley, corn, potatoes, and live stock. 
The Northern Pacific has round- 



842 



houses and car sliops at this point, 
being the junction of the Dakota 
and Minnesota Divisions, and of the 
Fargo & Southwestern Branch. All 
kinds of small game plentiful. 

FOREST RIVER, No. Dak. 
N. P. R. Manitoba Division. Pop- 
ulation 400, has seven general stores 
drug store, flour and feed mill, four 
elevators, lumber, coal, and wood 
yard, hotel, school, churches. State 
bank, livery, etc. Principal ship- 
ments wheat, oats, and barley. 

GILBY, No. Dak. 
N. P. R. Manitoba Division. Pop- 
ulation 400, has grist mill, three 
train elevators, with a capacity of 
0,000 bushels, grain warehoitse, 
three general stores, one hardware 
store, one drug store, one church 
with two denominations, bank, restau- 
rant, hotel, hall, school, boiler and 
machine works, one newspaper, one 
implement warehouse, lumber yard, 
two wood yards, two coal yards, 
two blacksmith shops, one meat 
market, etc. The surrounding coun- 
try is noted as the famous "Gilby 
Wheat Country". Game: prairie 
chickens and ducks. 

GLADSTONE, No. Dak. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. At junction of 
of Green and Heart Rivers, furnish- 
ing water power, has 300 inhabitants, 
one hotel, school, two stores, two 
churches, two warehouses, one cream- 
ery, one lumber yard, blacksmith 
shop, and a brick roller flouring mill 
with a capacity of 90 barrels per 
day. Products: wheat, oats, potatoes, 
etc. Antelope, deer, beaver, rabbit 
and prairie chickens are abundant. 

GLENULIEN, No. Dak. 
N. P. R. L. S, D. Has 450 inhab- 
itants, one hotel, school, four stores, 
hall, two churches, two lumber 
yards, and blacksmith shop. Abun- 
dance of good coal; also clay for 
brick-making is found in this vicin- 
ity. Game abundant. 

GRAFTON, No. Dak. 
N. P. R. Manitoba Division. Pop- 
ulation 4,000, is the county seat of 
Walsh county, situated in center of 

01 



a beautiful farming country in the 
Red River Valley. The city is lighted 
by electricity, and has a fine water 
works system, thirty general stores, 
three drug stores, two national banks, 
two newspapers, seven grain ele- 
vators, and a roller process flour 
mill, good opera house. Educational 
facilities are a high school and the 
different ward schools. There are 
seven churches and six hotels. 
Principal shipments are wheat, flour, 
barley, and flax. Farmers are also 
now turning their attention to stock 
raising. 

GRAND FORKS, No. Dak. 
N. P. R. Manitoba Division. Pop- 
ulation 7,900, county seat of Grand 
Forks county, is located on the west 
bank of the Red River of the North, 
where the Red Lake and the Red 
Rivers join. It is in the center of 
a fine farming country which is well 
settled by thrifty and industrious 
people; the farms being well im- 
proved with ^ood and substantial 
buildings, etc. Grand Forks has 
many substantial buildings construct- 
ed of brick, which is manufactured 
in large quantities at this point. 
The city is hghted by electricity, 
has a fine water-works system, good 
sewerage, and gas throughout the 
city. There are 280 stores, eighteen 
hotels, eight churches, a court house 
and jail, five grain elevators, capacity 
450,000 bushels, two planing mills, 
a saw mill, capacity 100,000 feet per 
day, woolen mill, five National banks, 
two breweries, three daily and two 
weekly newspapers, a United States 
Land Office, public halls, opera 
house, a high school and grammar 
school, etc. The University of North 
Dakota is located here, affording fine 
educational advantages to the citizens 
of this district. 

GRAND RAPIDS, No. Dak. 
N. P. R. James River Baanch. 
Population 100, located on the James 
River, has school and church build- 
ings, two elevators and general 
stores. The surrounding country is 
very fertile. Small game abundant. 

JAMESTOWN, No. Dak. 
N. P. R. L. S. D, population 2,297, 



Is the county seat of Stutsman 
County, and is situated in the 
beautiful valley -of the James River, 
which furnishes good water power. 
It has seven hotels, six churches, 
one opera house, several daily and 
three weekly newspapers, three 
elevators, four school buildings, the 
North Dakota Presbyterian College, 
a flouring mill, a creamery, brick 
and lime kilns, one bank, fine private 
and business houses, excellent water- 
works, arc and incandescent electric 
lights, etc. The North Dakota Insane 
Hospital, erected at a cost of 
$500,000, is located here; also a 
Young Ladies' Seminary, conducted 
by Catholic sisters. At this point 
are located the headquarters of the 
Dakota Division and branches. The 
Devil's Lake Branch, running to 
Leeds, and the James River Branch, 
running to Oakes, at which point 
connection is made with the C. & 
N.-W. Ry., start from here. Con- 
nection is made at Edgeley with the 
C, M. & St. P. Products are wheat, 
oats flax, barley and vegetables. 
Grain is the principal shipment. 
Stock raising is receiving much 
attention. Game: ducks, geese, 
prairie chickens. 

LA MOURE, No. Dak. 

N. P. R. Fargo & Southwestern 
Branch. County seat of La Mom-e 
county, is situated on the James 
River, from 1.400 to 1,500 feet above 
the sea level, with a gradual slope 
to the river, affording fine drainage, 
the sm'rounding country being 
chiefly a beautiful, slightly undulating 
prairie, which has beneath several 
feet of black loam, a subsoil of 
silicious marl, with a heavy clay 
beneath for a considerable depth. 
Such a soil is admirably adapted to 
the production of wheat. Stock is 
also shipped to quite an extent. La 
Moure has a population of 800, two 
hotels, one bank, various stores, one 
newspaper, a fine public school 
building, churches, and a court house. 
La Mome is located in the midst of 
a considerable area of unsold 
Northern Pacific lands in what is 
known as the indemnity limit. A 
portion of these lands have lately 
come into market, and are for sale 



by the company. The James River 
Branch connects La Moure with 
Jamestown, distant 48 miles, and 
with Oakes, distant 20 miles, and 
the F. & So. W. Br., from Fargo to 
Edgeley, passes through La Moure. 
All kinds of wild fowl are abundant. 

-LEEDS, No. Dak. 
N. P. R. Devil's Lake Branch. 
Population 250. It has one hotel, 
bank, school, church, general stores, 
elevators, newspaper, and lumber 
and coal yard. Surrounded by fine 
agricultural lands. Abundance of 
antelope, geese, ducks, and chickens. 

LISBON, No. Dak. 
N. P. R. Fargo & Southwestern 
Branch. On Sheyenne River, popula- 
tion 1,500, is the county seat of 
Ransom county, and has three 
flouring mills, two schools, five 
churches, four elevators, one grain 
warehouse, two banks, four hotels, 
forty stores, an opera house, three 
newspapers, three lumber yards, two 
wood yards, one roller mill, one 
foundry and machine shop, two 
wagon shops, two brick and lime 
yards, etc. Shipments are mostly 
grain. Game abundant. 

MANDAN, No. Dak. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. The county seat 
of Morton county, has a population 
of l,8cxD, and is situated on the west 
bank of the Missouri River. Commod- 
ious brick depot of tasty design, 
costing $ 10,000, are at this point. 
The Northern Pacific Railway have 
between this point and Bismarck a 
fine threepier iron bridge, which 
spans the Missouri River. Business 
blocks a superior red brick-home 
manufacture-to the value off 150,000 
have been completed. An excellent 
quality of lignite coal is being mined 
for commercial and railroad purposes 
a few miles west from Mandan. 
Mandan has five good hotels, three 
weekly newspapers, five churches, 
one public hall, two banks, a cream- 
ery capacity 600 pounds of butter 
daily, a roller flouring mill, capacity 
600 barrels per day, in connection 
with which is an elevator of 150,000 
bushels capacity, a court house and 
jail, erected at a cost of $35,000, 

44 



food school building, etc. Two 
35,000 iron wagon bridges over 
the Heart River give easy cummunica- 
tion with Fort Abraham Lincoln] 
six miles distant, and the rich far- 
ming valleys of "Custer^, and "Little 
Heart," five and twelve miles south- 
west, respectively. The change from 
"Central" to "Mountain" New Stand- 
ard Time is made here. At this 
point passengers will find at the 
station a very interesting display of 
the taxidermist's art, consisting of 
the heads of buffalo, elk, mountain 
goat, and all animals common to the 
Western country; also a very fine 
assortment of horns and antlers. 
Game: deer, antelope, grouse, duck, 
prairie chickens, snipe and plover. 

MAPLETON, No. Dak. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. has 400 people, 
three hotels, one hall, one church, 
four elevators, one school and five 
stores. This is a large wheat-shipping 
point. Game : prairie chickens, ducks, 
geese and jack rabbits. 

MECKINOCK, No. Dak. 
N. P. R. Manitoba Division. Pop- 
ulation 200, has three elevators, 
capacity 90,000 bushels, three general 
stores, church, two schools, hotel, 
blacksmith and harness shop, and a 
lumber, wood, and coal yard. Sur- 
rounded by a fine wheat country. 

MEDORA and LITTLE MISSOURI, 
No. Dak. 
N. P. R, L. S. D. (Medora O. P.), 
lying on the east and west banks 
of the Little Missouri River, respect- 
ively, 80 rods apart, are practically 
one station, with a population of 
2oo, one hotel, and two stores. 
Antelope, deer, bear, elk, ducks and 
geese are plentiful. This is also the 
central point of Pyranaid Park, being 
but four miles distant from Cedar 
Canon, and six miles from the burn^ 
ing coal mines. Both places abound 
in weird and magnificent sceneiy, 
full of interest to scientists, and 
wonder to pleasure seekers. 

MILNOR, No. Dak. 
N. P. R. Fergus Falls Branch. 
The present terminus of the Fergus 
Falls Branch, has 500 irihabitants,' 



two hotels, three churches, three 
elevators, nine stores, one bank, one 
public hall, one newspaper, and one 
school. It is surrounded by a fine 
agricultural country, and is supplied 
with an abundance of pure water. 
Wheat is the principal product and 
shipment. 

MINNEWAUKAN, No. Dak. 
N. P. R. Devil's Lake Branch. 
Population 525, the county seat of 
Benson county, at the west end 
of Devil's Lake, in the midst of 
one of the richest tracts of farming 
lands offered to the settler in Dakota. 
It has two hotels, two churches, 
several general stores, court house, 
public hall, bank, two livery stables, 
blacksmith shop, a fine two-story 
school building, two lumber yards, 
feed mill, wood and coal yards, two 
agricultural implement warehouses, 
three grain elevators, and a news- 
paper.' Products: wheat, oats, etc. 
Game; deer, antelope, geese, ducks, 
chickens, etc. Fine fishing in lake. 

MONTPELIER, No. Dak. 
N. P. R. James River Branch. 
Has two stores, two elevators, a 
school house, etc. Fertile farming- 
country surrounding it. 

NEW ROCKFORD, No. Dak. 
N. P. R. Devil's Lake Branch. 
Is situated on the James River, 16 
miles north of Carrington. It has a 
population of 600, three hotels, hall, 
seven stores, three elevators, one 
bank, one flouring mill with a capac- 
ity of 75 bbls. per day, one feed 
mill, two newspapers, one school 
and two churches. The surrounding 
country tributary to New Rockford. 
has a population of about 1,000, 
and is very rich and fertile. Pro- 
ducts: wheat, oats, coi'n, and all 
kinds of vegetables. Game : deer, 
antelope, foxes, geese, ducks, chick) 
ens, etc. Fish : pickerel, muskallonge, 
trout, etc. 

NEW SALEM, No, Dak. 
N. P. R. L. S. D, Population 
about 250, has two hotels six stores, 
three lumber yards, flour mill, grain 
warehouse, church, school, hall, cream- 
ery, tannery, blacksmith shop. 



345 



16 



Lignite coal is found in abundance; 
also excellent clay for brick and 
tile making-. It is the business 
center of a very prosperous commun- 
ity, and a considerable amount of 
Government and railroad land has 
been taken up in this vicinity. 

OAKES, No. Dak. N. R. R. 

Population 1,000, is the southern 
terminus of the J. R. Branch. It has 
five elevators, four hotels, a feed 
mill, a public hall and academy of 
music, one flouring mill, lumber 
yard, bank, four churches, public 
school, two newspapers, and fifteen 
general stores. Products: M^heat and 
other small grain. Small game in 
abundance. Connection is made here 
with the C. & N.-W. R'y for points 
south. 

OBERON, No. Dak. 

N. P. R. Devil's Lake Branch. 
Population 250, has eight stores, 
lumber ard coal yards, two hotels, 
two elevators, two livery stables, 
two blacksmith shops, a feed mill, 
etc. Ft. Totten is 11 miles distant. 
.The surrounding country is fine 
agricultural land, being located in 
the fertile Antelope Valley. Ducks, 
geese, and chickens are very plen- 
tiful in season. 

PEMBINA, No. Dak. 

N. P. R. Manitoba Division. Popula- 
tion 1,200, the county seat of 
Pembina Comity, is opposite St. 
Vincent, on west side of Red River, 
and close to the International boun- 
dary line. The town has a bank, 
nine general stores, three hotels, 
good school, weekly paper, black- 
smith shop, electric light plant, two 
lumber yards, one feed mill, and 
four chiurches. This is a port of 
entry. Game in abundance. 

PINGREE, No. Dak. 

N. P. R. Devil's Lake Branch. 
Population 50, has two elevators, 
two stores, restaurant, one black- 
smith and harness shop, school, etc. 
The surrounding country affords 
fine grazing for cattle, and is also a 
fine agricultm'al land. Small game 
plentiful. 



SANBORN, No. Dak. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. population 6oo, 
has two newspapers, two public halls, 
four churches, two hotels, one school, 
eleven stores, one bank, three el- 
evators (capacity, 150,000 bushels), 
and good local mdustries. Products 
are wheat, oats, flax, corn and barley; 
wheat the principal shipment. Game: 
a few antelope, ducks, grouse and 
geese. The Cooperstown Branch 
starts here, and runs north 36 miles 
to Cooperstown. 

SHELDON, No. Dak. 
N. P. R. FcU-go & Southwestern 
Branch. Near the Sheyenne and 
Maple Rivers, population 600, has 
one newspaper, thr-ee machine depots, 
one livery stable, three hotels, two 
banks, one public hall, sixteen stores, 
four grain elevators, one school 
building and three churches. Pro- 
ducts: wheat, oats, barley, etc., wheat 
the principal shipment. Game: 
antelope, geese, ducks, prairie 
chickens. Fish; pickerel, catfish, etc. 

SIMS, No. Dak. 

N. P. R.. L. S. D, Population 300, 
mostly miners, has a hotel, church, 
school, various stores, etc. A very 
good quality of lignite coal is mined 
at this point. The surrounding- 
country is well adapted to stock 
raising. 

STEELE, No. Dak. 

N. P. R. L. S. D. the comity seat of 
Kidder county, has 300 inhabitants, 
two elevators, comt house, hall, two 
hotels, livery stable, one weekly 
paper, school building and four 
stores. Attention is turning to stock 
raising, this industry more than 
doubling the last year. Products 
and shipments: wheat, flax, stock 
and farm products. Game: prairie 
chickens, geese, brant, ducks, curlew 
and antelope. 

STERLING, No. Dak. 
N. P. R. L. S. Population 50, has 
one hotel, one general store, one 
lumber yard, two grain warehouses, 
two churches and a public school. 
It is situated near- the center of 
Burleigh county, in an excellent 
farming country. Grain is the prin- 
cipal shipment. Game; deer, antelope 
and small game of all kinds. 



346 



SYKESTON, No. Dak. 
N. P. R. Devil's Lake Branch. 
Population 50, on a branch 13 miles 
west of Carrington, is situated on 
the Pipestem River, which can be 
utilized for a good water power 
Sykeston has one hotel, one hall, 
two stores, a school and church, 
elevator, lumber and coal yards, 
and blacksmith shop. Surrounded 
by rich farming country. 

TOWER CITY, No. Dak. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. population 450, 
has two hotels, three churches, a 
weekly paper, bottlLag works, an 
artesian well, public hall, one school, 
the Tower University (conducted by 
the Baptist denomination), two 
elevators, steam flouriug mill, two 
public parks, brick yard, and public 
library. Is centrally located in a 
wheat region. Ducks, geese, and 
prairie chickens. 

VALLEY CITY, No. Dak. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. on the Sheyenne 
River, is the county seat of Barnes 
county. It numbers 1,500 inhab- 
itants, has three hotels, five churches, 
three newspapers (one daily^, two 
public halls, one school building, a 
steam flouririg mill (225 bbs. capacity), 
four elevators, one bank, and over 
20 stores. State Normal School is 
located here. Fine grazing and 
grain growing section. Wheat, flour 
and small grains principal shipments. 
Game: ducks, prairie chickens and 
antelope. 

VALLEY JUNCTION, No. Dak. 
N. P. R. Fargo & Southwestern 
Branch. Junction point of J. R. and 



F. & S. W. branches, 
warehouse. 



One wheat 



WAHPETON, No. Dak. 
N. P. R. Fergus Falls Branch. 
Population 3,000, is located at the 
junction of the Otter Tail and Bois 
de Sioux rivers, at the head of 
steamboat navigation on the Red 
River. It is the county seat of 
Richland county, and has two school 
buildings, opera house, two public 
halls, seven churches. The Red 
River Valley University, Methodist 
College of North Dakota is located 
here, three elevators with 170,000 
bushels capacity, two large grain 
warehouses, one steam flouring mill, 
one steam factory and repair shop, 
three banks, five hotels, four news- 
papers, water works and electric 
light plants, lumber yards, fifty-five 
stores, etc. Surrounded by fine 
prairie land. Grain and flour prin- 
cipal shipments. 

WHEATLAND, No. Dak. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. population 350, 
has two hotels, one newspaper, one 
school house, three elevators, six 
stores, one bank, one livery stable, 
two churches, etc. Grain shipments 
are wheat, oats, flax and barley; 
wheat shipments large. Small game 
abundant. 

WINDSOR, No. Dak. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. population 20, has 
one elevator (25,000 bu. capacity), 
two stores, school, and church. 
Geese, ducks, and chicken plentiful 
in season. Fox, badger, and antelope 
are trapped within three miles of 
the town. 



347 



16* 



OHIO. 



The State of Ohio derives its name 
from the large river fonning its 
southern and eastern boundaries. 
Joliet was the first white man to 
visit this region in 1669; for this 
reason, Ohio became by right of 
occupation, a part of New France, 
extending in olden times, from 
Labrador to the Mississippi. The 
King of England, after the annexation 
of French America, in 1763, proclai- 
med Ohio to be outside of aU exist- 
ing provinces and under the king's 
sovereignty, protection and dominion, 
for the use of the Indians. But in 
1774 the Earl of Dimmore sent 
troops there and Ohio was annexed 
by him to the Province of Quebec. 
After the Great Revolution, the 
states of Virginia, New York and 
Connecticut claimed part of the 
territory, according to their old 
charters, granted them by the kings, 
James II and Charles II, in the iTth 
century. 

A band of New Englcind veterans, 
of the Revolutionary War, made the 
first permcment settlement at Mar- 
ietta, m 1798, where the Muskingum 
empties into the Ohio. Marietta 
was so called in memory of Queen 
Marie Antoinette of France. In the 
same year Cincinnati was founded 
and the North -West Territory sett- 
led; which territory includes all 
land north-west of the Ohio River 
and east of the Mississippi, includhig 
Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Wisconsin 
I and a pai-t of Minnesota. Its 
Constitution contained the clause, 
that there should be neither slavery 
nor involuntary servitude. In 1796, 



Moses Cleaveland, with Connecticut 
people, founded Cleveland on Lake 
Erie, now an extraordinarily flourish- 
ing city. Ohio, with its present 
boundaries, was admitted as a state 
in 1802 and had a population of: 
2,665,260 m 1870 
3,198,062 in 1880 
3,672,316 in l890 
and to-day has more than 4,000,000. 
The products of manufactures aic 
yearly: $348,305,690; $156,777,152 of 
farming. There are 183,609 opera- 
tives, earning 62,103,800 wages yearly. 

In past times there were very 
bloody fights in Ohio with the 
Indians, who endeavored to check 
the white invaders by murderous 
massacres. The country between the 
two Miami Rivers won the fatal 
name of the, "Miami Slaughter Pen." 
But already in 1811, the first stea- 
mer, the "Orleans", descended the 
Ohio from Pittsburg to Cincinnati. 
In the war of 1812, the English 
army invaded Ohio, but was repulsed. 
During the Civil War Ohio stood in 
the front rank of the combattants 
for the emancipation of the slaves. 
In 1863 Ohio had about 200,000 
soldiers in the field, retaining also 
the Ohio organized militia of 168,000 
men and the armed and disciplined 
Ohio Volunteer Militia of 44,000. 

In Ohio there lived in 1890 
235,668 German bom persons. 

The name Ohio is derived from 
the Indian word; "Oheo", meanins 
the "beautiful river". The Ohio is 
the largest tributary of the Mississippi, 
emptying into it a greater guantity 
of water than the Missouii. The 



river drains 214,000 square miles, 
falling frona 697 feet high at Pitts- 
burg, to 269 ft. at CairOj affording 
immense water power to its borders. 

Ohio is the fourth state in the 
Union in population and wealth, 
raising yearly 100,000,000 bushels 
of com, 37,000,000 of wheat, 
i37,000,OOOofoats,12,000,OOOpotatoes, 
35,000,000poundsoftobacco,3,000,000 
tons of hay, 2,500,000 gallons of 
wine, 31,000,000 bushels of apples, 
1,500,000 of peaches, 3,000,000 
pounds of maple sugar, 2,500,000 
pounds of honey and plenty of other 
agricultural products. The popular 
name of Ohio, is the "Buckeye" 
State, from the multitude of buckeye- 
trees, the nuts of which resemble a 
buck's eye, 

AKRON, Ohio 

A flourishing city of 30,000 inhab- 
itants, on the Ohio and Erie Canal 
and the Cuyahoga River; the latter 
affords water power for the flour 
mills, woolen mills and other indus- 
trial establishments of the city. Seat 
of Buchiel College, organized in 
1870 by the Ohio Universalist Con- 
vention, with 17 iastructors, 180 
students and a library of seven 
thousand volumes. 

Railroads: N. Y. Lake Erie & 
Western. 

ALLIANCE, Ohio. 
An important railroad junction, 83 
miles west of Pittsbuig and 17 miles 
east of Canton, Ohio. A branch 
line of the Pennsylvania R. R. runs 
from here to Cleveland. 

ATHENS, Ohio. 
A small town of 2620 inhabitants, 
prettily situated on the Hocking 
River, a ti-ibutary of the Ohio; 
station of the B. & O. R. R. Seat 
of the Ohio University, founded in 
1804, the oldest institution of science 
west of the Ohio River, with 
25 instructors and 320 students, 
having access to a library of 15,000 
volumes. In the vicinity of Athens 
are interesting Inditm mounds, much 
visited by scientific explorers, who 
believe them to be a relic of the early 
nhabitants of the United States. 



BELLAIRE, Ohio. 

A steamer landing and railroad 
junction on the Ohio, between Whee- 
ling, W. Virginia and Zanesville, 
Ohio; 98 mUes from Pittsbiurg, Pa. 
and 378 mUes, by river, to Cinnciaati. 

BELLEFONTAINE, Ohio. 
A trading town of 5000 inhabitants, 
about 60 miles north-west of Colum- 
bus and the Capital of Logan County. 
It takes its name from the numerous 
large fountains of excellent fresh 
water, in the surrounding forests 
and hills. The neighborhood is very 
fertile, aU kinds of farming produce 
being produced here. There are also 
some manufactories and public build- 
ings. 

BELPRE, Ohio. 
A steamer landing and railway 
crossing on the Ohio, opposite 
Parkersburg, West Virginia, with 
which it is connected by a splendid 
railway bridge. 

BLENNERHASSET'S ISLAND. 

In the Ohio River, two miles below 
Parkersburg, once the residence of 
H. Blennerhassett, an Irishman of 
distriaction, connected with the fa- 
mous conspiracy of Aaron Burr. 
His Cottage and beautiful gardens 
were destroyed, so that now the 
ruins only are to be seen. 

CANTON, Ohio. 
A remarkable city of 28,000 inhab- 
itants, very nicely situated on Nimis- 
killen Creek and surrounded by a 
farming district excellent for the 
growing of wheat. Bituminous coal 
and limestone, found in the vicinity, 
supply a flourishing manufacturing 
industry. Canton is wellknown all 
over the world as being the birth- 
place of President Mc. Kinley, who 
has his residence here. 

CHILLICOTHE, Ohio. 
A flom-ishing city of 12,000 inhab- 
itants, nicely situated on the Scioto 
River and the Erie and Ohio Canal. 
The first settlement was made here 
in 1796. From 1800 to 1810 it was 
the seat of the state government, 
aftei-wards removed to Zanesville. 



The country around the city being 

very fertile and populons, is the 
soune of a large trade in agricultural 
iniglenients. There are also important 
manufactories, including the shops 
of the Baltimore & Ohio R. R., flour 
mills, machine shops, carriage and 
car factories, shoe factories, paper 
mills and others. 

CINCINJ^ATI, Ohio. 
The Metropolis of Ohio, situated 
in 39 6' N. and Long. 84 27 W., on 
the northern bank of the Ohio River. 
Foimded in 1778, it was incorporated 
as a city in 1814, having m 1850 
a population of 115,436. In 1890 it 
had grown to 800,000 inhabitants, 
exclusive of several populous subur- 
ban villages, with more than 150,000 
souls. The names of these villages, 
on the hilltops of the Ohio are: 
Cli/tofi, Mi. Avondale, Mt. Auburn, 
Price Hill and Wahtut Hill. The hills 
surrounding Cincinnati are 350-450 
feet in height, forming one of the 
most beautiful amphitheaters on the 
continent. From the hilltops; Cincin- 
nati, the large river and the cities of 
Covington and Newport, Kentucky 
may be seen. The central position 
of Cincinnati has rendered it one of 
the most important commercial 
centers of the West, hence its name: 
"The Queen City of the West". 
Among its principal features are the 
great schools of Art and Music; the 
S' lendid public buildings, like the 
Post Oj'fice, government building, 
the building of the Chamber of 
Commerce, the Masonic Temple, the 
Sf ringer Music Hall, and others; 
the inclined railroads, leading to the 
hills, the suspension bridge, to the 
Kentucky shore of the river; the 
magnificent large Parks, Burnel 
Wood, Eden and the Zoological 
Garden; the Great Exposition 
Bztilding and Music Hall; Spring 
Grove Cemetery, generally believed 
to be one of the most picturesque 
in the world; the beautiful Tyler- 
Davidson Fountain; the interesting 
Gei-man Quarter, "Over the Rhine", 
(i. e. the Miami Channel) and "last 
but not least", the very much 
frequented German Beer Cellars on 
the hilltops, where every visitor feels 
himself more fioralortable than in 



I any other city. Cincinnati is one of 
I the largest American Manufacturing 
Centers. In the city itself, their are 
about 100,000 workingmen, produ- 
cing yearly more than $ 200,000,000 
of goods. 

Cincinnati is principally built upon 
two terraces ; the first 60, the second' 
112 feet above the Ohio. The latter 
has been graded to an easy slope, 
terminating at the base of the hills. 
The streets are laid out with great 
regularity, crossing each other at 
right angles, are broad and well 
paved and, for the most part, beau- 
tifully shaded. The business portion 
of the city is compactly built. The 
outer highland belt of the city, is 
beautified by costly residences, 
erected in the midst of extensive and 
neatly adorned grounds. The most 
prominent business street is Fountain 
Square, an enlargement of Fifth 
Street, with the Tyler-Davidson 
Fountain, one of the most notable 
works of art in the United States; 
it was cast in Munich, after the model 
of A. von Kreling, a well known 
German sculptor; it cost nearly 
$ 200,000. 

Other important business streets 
are; Thira and especially Fourth 
Streets, Pearl Street, Vine and 
Main Streets. Along Front Street 
at the foot of Mdn Street, is the 
Levee or Public Landing, an open 
area, paved with boulders, 1000 feet 
long and 425 feet wide. Steamboats 
from many places on the Ohio and 
Mississippi and their tributaries, call 
here, the principal place of intercourse. 
Other interesting streets are Pine St. 
from Bid to 5th, called "Lovers 
Walk"; the portion of Freeman St., 
lying along Lincoln Park, a favorite 
promenade, and Emery Arcade, 
extanding from Vine to Rail St., 
between 4th and 5th Streets, a 
distance of 400 feet, having nice 
stores of various kinds. The Building 
of the Chamber of Commerce, erec- 
ted after designs by H. H. Richardson, 
may be called the most beautiful 
edifice in the city; it is open on 
every business day from 11,00 a. m. 
to 2,00 p. m. The City Hall is also 
a splendid building, of red sandstone, 
occpuying the entire block, bounded 
by Central Avenue, Plum, Eighth and 



Ninth Streets. It was completed in 
1893. From its tower the visitor 
has a very ^ood view of the city. 
The University of Cincinnati, with 
20 instructors and 300 students, has 
a library of 20,000 volumes. It was 
founded by Ch. Mc Micken ia 1870 
and has its new and fine buildings 
in Burnet Woods Park. The Art 
Museum, erected in Eden Park at 
a cost of over 350,000, contains 
paintings, sculptures and other works 
of art. It is open daily from 9,00 
a. m to 5,00 p. m., Sundays 1,00 p. m. 
to 5,00 p. m. Admission 25 cents, 
(during the summer months) ; Sundays 
and Thursdays 10 cents. 

The Suspension Bridge, connect- 
ing Cincinnati with Covington, Kent- 
ucky, is very remarkable. John A. 
Roetling, the well known German 
engineer, who constructed the East 
River Bridge, between New York 
andBrooklyn, also erected this bridge, 
the pride of the Queen City. Its 
height above the river is over 100 
feet, entire length, 2,718 feet, distance 
froin tower to tower, 1,057 feet. A 
toll of three cents is charged. There 
are also five other bridges across 
the Ohio, connecting the metropolis 
with Newport and Covington. The 
Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Bridge, 
also a magnificent piece of engineer- 
ing, is built on the principle of 
parabolic truss and has three spans, 
the middle one 550 feet long, re- 
presenting the longest truss span in 
the word. 

Every European visitor to Cin- 
cinnati should go "over the Rhine" . 
At least a third of Cincinnati's pop- 
ulation is German bom or of German 
descent. This pcu-t of the population 
occupies the large portion of the 
city, north of the Miami Channel, 
called "Father Rhine" . The visitor 
here hears no other language than 
German. All theaters, turner halls, 
churches, dwelling, more particularly 
the beer cellars and beer gardens, 
remind the tourist of Germany. 
From the Lookout Hottse, a beer- 
garden on top of Mt. Auburn, (in- 
clined railway), the best views of 
the surroimding country can be 
obtained. 

Railways: Cincinnati, Hamilton & 



Dayton; Cincinnati, Lebanon feNor^ 
thern; Cincinnati Northwestern; Cin- 
cinnati, Washington & Baltimore; 
C. C. C. & St. L.; Lake Erie «fe 
Western; Ohio & Mississippi j Ohio & 
Northwestern ; Pittsburg, Cincinnati 
& St. Louis. ' 

Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
Atlas NaVl Bank, Foreign Dep't, 
Cincinnati Ohio. 

Bej)ler & Co., 180 E 3rd St, Cinc- 
innati Ohio. 



5'. Kuhn & Sons, Cincinnati Ohio, 

F. Matt, German Nat'l Bank, Cinc- 
innati Ohio. 

Ohio Valley Nat. Bank, 17 E 3d 
St., Cincinnati Ohio. 

Western German B'k., Cincinnati 
Ohio. 

CLEVELAND, Ohio. 
The second city of Ohio, situated 
on the south shore of Lake Erie, at 
the mouth of the Cuyahoga River, 
on a high bluff, one of the most 
beautiful places on the great lakes. 
The great number of trees in its 
avenues and the gardens surrounding 
the residences, have won for it the 
title of " The Forest City" ; it is also 
a very healthy resort. Its principal 
features are: the Viaduct, connectmg 
Cleveland and West Cleveland, built 
across the Cuyahoga Valley and the 
spacious harbor, with piers and two 
breakwaters, erected at great expense. 
The great Viaduct, spaimin^ the 
river valley, on a level with the 
plateau, was completed in 1878; it 
is 3211 feet long and a triumph of 
American engineering. But more 
important still, is the fine haibor, 
with five ship-yards, for the con- 
struction of wooden and steel vessels. 
There is sufficient room for the 
myriads of steamers and sailing 
vessels, ploughing the waters of the 
great lakes. The mammoth tourist 
steamers, running between Buffalo 
and Duluth, always stop sevei-al ' 
hours at Cleveland, so as to give 
passengers an opportunity of seeing 
the "Forest City". General Moses 
Cleveland of Connecticut, established 



here the first settlement in 1796, but 
it was not till 1834, that the city 
began to develope, when the Ohio 
Channel, connecting the Ohio River 
with Lake Erie, was completed. 
Another impetus was given the town 
in 1850, by the railway system hav- 
ing at this point, a very important 
junction. Twelve- lines of steamers 
and ten railways converge here, 
handling an immense commerce. 
The manufacturing industry took a 
rapid start, especially the iron and 
steel branches, which are very nu- 
merously and largely represented. 
The Standard Oil Company has etab- 
lished here large coal-oil refining 
workshops, 50,000 workmen being 
employed in the industries coimected 
with oil refining, in ship buUding 
and in the manufacture of agricultural 
implements, wooden ware, railroad 
cars, sewing machines, sulphuric 
acid, white lead and many other 
things. The value of products in 
1890 amounted to $105,000,000. In 
1870, Cleveland had 92,829 inhab- 
itants; but in 1890, 261,353. At the 
time of the Centennial Festival, 
in 1896, the population was estimated 
to be 300,000, more than one tenth 
being of German descent. 

The most prominent Streets are: 
Euclid Avenue, Superior, Prospect, 
Detroit, Ontario, Water, Bank, Seneca 
and St. Clair Streets. Superior Street 
is the principal thoroughfare, the 
western portion of which, contains 
the most prominent business houses 
in the city, among them : Case Hall, 
the Perry -Paine Building, Post 
Office, City Hall, Mtisic Hall, Hotel 
Hollenden and others. The Public 
Square or Monumental Park, is a 
large square, in the center of the 
city, intersected by Superior Street 
and in which are the monuments of 
Moses Cleaveland and to the Sold- 
iers of Cuyahog-a County, who fell 
in the Civil War. Euclid Avenue has 
its business center in the vicinity 
of Public Square, the greater part of 
which, however, is one of the hand- 
somest residence streets in America, 
intersecting the beautiful Wade Park, 
in the grounds of which, are the 
buildings of the Western Reserve 
University and the Case School of 
Applied Sciences. The avenue ex- 



tends out to the beautiful Lake View 
Cemetery, covering 300 acres, on 
which S 500,000 has been expended. 
2Vj acres, at the highest point of 
the cemetery grounds, is reserved 
for the Garfield Monument, beneath 
which, lie the remains of the late 
President, who was bom at Cleve- 
land. Prospect Street, running pa- 
rallel to Euclid Avenue, rivals with 
the latter in beauty. 

The interesting Statue of Com- 
modore Perry, the hero of the naval 
engagement with the British, in 1812, 
formerly in Monumental Pcirk, has 
been removed to Wade Park. If 
the weather is fine, every one should 
visit the parks of the "Forest City", 
among them, Gordon Park and the 
Blufi's of Rocky River, which latter' 
flows seven miles west of the great 
Viaduct, through a deep gorge, be- 
tween pei-pendicular cliffs; from here 
the most extensive and unbroken 
view may be obtained of Lake Erie. 
Black River Point is seen on the 
west, the spires of Cleveland shining 
out against the green curve of the 
eastern shore; away towai-ds the 
north, stretches the immense expanse 
of water, unbrocken to the view, on 
the horizon line of which, distant 
sails may be seen, which, however, 
are still only in midlake, with miles 
of blue waves beyond. If the weather 
is not fine, go into the Arcade, a 
fine passage, 400 feet long and 150 
feet high, connectmg Superior Street 
with Euclid Avenue. There you will 
find, beautiful stores and interesting 
exhibitions, besides meeting the haute 
volee of the city. 

The Western Reserve College was 
founded at Hudson in 1826, being 
removed to Cleveland in 1882. In 
1884, the Western Reserve Univer- 
sity was chartered, deriving its name' 
from the fact, that the southern shores 
of Lake Erie were formerly the 
"Western Reserve" of the Slate of 
Connecticut. The trustees having 
decided against co-education, a se- 
parate woman's college was erected 
and connected with the university. 
The latter has now 152 instiuctors, 
920 students and a library of 130,000 
volumes. 
Railroads: Cleveland, Cincinnati; 



Chicago & St. Louis; Cleveland & 
Canton; Cleveland & Pittsburg; Lake 
Shore & Michigan Southern; N. Y. 
Chicago & St. Louis; New York, 
Lake Erie & Western. 

Agents of the North GermanLloyd: 
E. L. Browne 8c Co., 189 Superior 
St., Cleveland Ohio. 

D. Jay Collver & Co., Superior 
St., Cleveland Ohio. 

GerAm Sav Bank Co., Cleveland 
Oh^o. 

Louis Percsel, 534 Pearl St., 
Cleveland Ohio. 

M. Schaffer, 218 Bank St. Cleve- 
land Ohio. 

/ C. Wa^^nerScBro, 178 Superior 
St., Cleveland Ohio. 



COLUMBUS, Ohio. 

Capital of the State of Ohio and 
the third largest city in the state, 
situated on the eastern bank of the 
Scioto River, a tributary of the Ohio, 
200 miles long. Columbus lies 
nearly in the center of the state. 
130 miles west of Cleveland and 
100 miles east of Cincinnati. In- 
corporated as a city in 1834, it is 
now a flourishing place of about 
100,000 inhabitants. Its manufactories, 
especially of iron and steel, agri- 
cultural implements and carriages, 
ai'e IkxgQ, its commercial interests 
important, but its wealth and growth 
are principally due to the con- 
centration of public institutions; the 
most prominent of which are: the 
State Capitol, in the midst of a large 
square, covered with trees, on which 
there ai-e many gray squirrels. The 
CityHall'vs, another magnificent build- 
ing, in Ca^iiol Sguare, with a tower 
138 feet high, disclosing a beautiful 
view of the city. 

The_ Ujtited States Government 
Building, erected at an expense of 



300,000, contains the Post Office 
and United States Court House. 
The State Court House is also a 
prominent building, costing more 
than 500,000. The State Penitenti- 
ary, in the castellated style, covers 
thirty acres of ground, on the east 
bank of the river, just below where 
the Olentangy empties into the 
Scioto. The Central Ohio Ltmatiz 
Asylum occupied 300 acres, on the 
hills west of the city. The Blind 
Asylum-, the Dea/a.nA Dum,b Asylum- 
and the Idiot Asylum-, are other 
public institutions of importance, 
with extensive buildings. IThe U.S. 
Barracks, in the midst of a nice 
park, in the north-eastern suburb of 
Columbus, with many offices and 
magazines. The Ohio State Uni- 
versity, organized in 1870, with the 
State Agricultural Experim.ent 
Station; the Ohio Meteorological 
Bureau and the State Forestry 
Bureatt, has 79 instructors and 900 
students. The latter foi-m a battalion 
of four companies, commanded by 
lieutenants of the U. S. Army. 

Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
Reinhard & Co., 180 S High St., 
Columbus Ohio. 

Ward Bros, 272 N High St., 
Columbus Ohio. 

John G. Grossm-an, 41 S High St., 
Columbus Ohio. 

B. Kiesewetter, Cashier Ohio 
Savings Bank, Columbus Ohio. 

CONNEAUT, Ohio. 
A town near the boundary line 
beetween Ohio and Pennsylvania, 
known as the landing-place of the 
first settlers of the northern part 
of Ohio. 

COSHOCTON, Ohio. 

The Capital of Coshocton County, 
picturesquely built up on the hills 
above the Muskingum River, about 
40 miles north of ZanesviUe. 

Railroads: Pittsburg, Cincinnati 
& St. Louis; Cleveland & Canton. 

DAYTON, Ohio. 
The fifth largest city in the state, 
founded in 1796, on the Great Miami 
River, where the Mad River empties 



into it. Dayton had in 1890, 61,220 
inhabitants and is an industrial center 
of remai'kable activit)^, emplojdng 
more than 10,000 operatives and 
turning out agricultural machines, 
steam engines, boilers, railrod cars, 
stoves, paper, hoUow ware and other 
industrial objects, amounting }'^early 
to over 23,000,000. The public 
buildinps are worthy of special notice, 
especiafly, the Central National 
Soldier's Home. There are also 52 
churches, two court houses of white 
marble, connected by corridors, a 
fine Soldiers' Monument, erected in 
1884, a Public Library, in the center 
of Public Square, containing 35,000 
volumes and other interesting build- 
ings. Seven railways converge within 
the city limits. 

Railroads: C. C. C. & St. Louis; 
C. H. & D.; D. Fort Wayne & 
Chicago ; N. Y. Lake Erie & Western; 
P. C. & St. Louis. 

Agent of the North German Lloyd : 

Jacob Stephans, 37 Jefferson St., 
Dayton Ohio. 



The Central National Soldier's 
Home. This group of forty fine build- 
ings, including a church and a hospital, 
accommodating 300 patients, is sit- 
uated thi-ee miles west of Dayton, on 
the summit of a picturesque hill. 
The grounds embrace 700 acres, 
well shaded by forest trees, with a 
deer park, three artificial lakes, an 
artificial grotto, hot-houses and flower 
beds. 5000—6000 veterans are living 
here, enjoying a fine Library, music 
hall, billiard rooms, bowling-alleys 
and other sources of entertamment. 
DELAWARE, Ohio. 

A town of 8200 inhabitants, on the 
Oleautangy River, remarkable for its 
mineral springs; seat of the Ohio 
Wesleyan University, organized in 
1844 by the Methodist Episcopal 
Church and has 98 instructors, 1400 
students and a library of 18,000 
voliunes. Since 1863 the University 
has been connected with the Ohio 
Wesleyan Female College. 

Railroads,- C. C. C. & St. L. 
DRESDEN, Ohio. 

A German settlement, on the Mus- 



kingum River, 17 miles above Zanes- 
ville, with which latter city it is 
connected by rail and steamer. 
HAMILTON, Ohio. 

25 miles north-west of Cincinnati, 
the manufacturing center with 20,000 
inhabitants, of a rich farming countiy 
on the Miami: producing especially: 
machines, railway supplies, agricul- 
tural implements, paper, flour and 
woolen goods. The Miami, having 
here a fall of 28 feet, furnishes 
excellent water power for all in- 
dustrial purposes of the city. 

Railroads : Chicago, St. Louis & 
Pittsburg; Cincinnati, Hamilton & 
Dayton. 

IRONTON, Ohio. 

An important business center on 
the Ohio, 150 miles east of Cin- 
cinatti, situated on the top of pic- 
turesque hnis; headquarters of the 
famous "Hanging Rock", iron region, 
embracing a portion of southern 
Ohio and northeast Kentucky. In 
1890 it numbered 10,989 inhabitants. 
The steamers running between Pitts- 
burg, Pa. and Cairo, 111., touch here 
at the landing-stage. There are also 
several machine shops, blast furnaces, 
rolling mills and other manufactories. 

Rauroad: Dayton, Fort Wayne 
& Chicago. 

LAI^SIDE, Ohio. 

A very pupular summer resort on 
the lake shore, just outside the mouth 
of the beautiful bay of Sanduskey. 
Lakeside is the terminus of all rail- 
ways touching Sanduskey and the 
steamer landing of several lines, 
connecting Sanduskey with Detroit 
and other Lake cities. 

LIMA, Ohio. 

A remarkably busy trading town, 
at one of the most important rail- 
road jimctions, in the north-western 
part of the state. Population 14,000. 

Railroads: Cincinnati, Hamilton & 
Dayton; Lake Erie & Western; 
Pittsburg, Fort Wajrne & Chicago. 
LONDON, Ohio. 

A nice town, 25 miles west of 
Columbus, on the Pan Handle Route, 
the Capital of Madison County, with 
good schools, several public build- 
ings etc. 



MANSFIELD, Ohio. 
An industrial city of 15,000 inhab- 
itants, at the crossing of the New 
York, Chicago and St. Louis R. R. 
engaged in the manufacture of tresh- 
ing machines, machinery, flour, 
stoves, paper and furniture. The ad- 
jacent region being fertile and 
populous, a profitable trade in com 
and other agricultural products is 
carried on. The Court House is the 
most important public building. 

Railroads: B. & O.; N. Y. Lake 
Erie and Western. 

MARIETTA, Ohio. 
A thriving city of 10,000 inhabi- 
tants, picturesquely situated where 
the Muskingum River empties into 
the Ohio, on the west bank of the 
latter. The steamers, nmning be- 
tween Pittsburg and Cairo, 111., touch 
here at their landing-stage. Marietta 
is also the terminus of the Cleveland 
and Marietta R. R. It carries on a 
large trade in petroleum, obtained 
in the vicinity. Marietta College, 
a non-sectarian institution, founded 
here in 1833, has a staff of 27 in- 
structors and 273 students and a 
large library of 52,000 volumes. 
Marietta is the oldest settlement in 
Ohio, being founded in 1788. 

MASSILLON, Ohio. 
A busy industrial city, on the Ohio 
and Erie Canal and the Tuscarawas 
River, with 11,000 inhabitants. The 
country in the neighborhood is one 
of the best and the most productive 
coal fields of Ohio, as weU as contain- 
ing an excellent white sandstone. 
Large shipments of coal, sandstone, 
iron ore, wool, flour and grain, are 
made from here to aU parts of the 
state. 

NEWARK, Ohio. 
Situated at the crossing of the 
Pittsburg, Cincinnati, Chicago and 
St. Louis R. R. and Baltimore & 
Ohio R. R. as well as at the con- 
fluence of three branches of the 
Licking River, an industrious city 
of 15,000 inhabitants. In the vicinity 
are cojil niines, coal oil refining 
establishments and quarries of sand- 
stone. The Erie and Ohio Canal 



intersects Newark, affording an 
opportunity for local shipping trade. 

OBERLIN, Ohio. 
A smcdl town, 4I miles west of 
Cleveland, owing its sole importance 
to being the seat of Oberlin College, 
organized inl83B by the Congregation- 
alists and especially devoted to the 
education of pastors and missionaries. 
The institution numbers 88 instruc- 
tors and (1896) 1462 students, with 
a library of over 44,000 volumes. 
Oberlin College, combining manual 
labor with study, was the first to 
open its doors to negro students. 

POMEROY, Ohio. 
The fifth important town on the 
river above Cincinnati in trade and 
commerce, having a population of 
5000. It is surrounded by 26 salt 
furnaces and several coal mines. 
Te furnaces have a yearly output of 
about 12,000,000 bushels. The stea- 
mers running between Pittsburg Pa. 
and Cairo, ID., touch here. 

PORTSMOUTH, Ohio. 
A picturesquely situated town on 
the Ohio River, at its confluence 
with the Scioto and the terminus of 
the famous Lake Erie and Ohio 
Channel.. It is a very flourishing 
city with a population of about 15,000 
souls. The Scioto Valley is one of 
the best farming districts of this 
fertile region. Its products are 
a source of a very profitable trade 
in country produce; although the 
iron industry forms the principal 
source of wealth to the city. Ports- 
mouth is the distributing center of 
the rich mineral deposits df this 
neighboihood,having also manyblast- 
furaaces, rolling mills, foundries and 
other factories. There is a landing- 
place of the steamers plying between 
Pittsburg, Pa. and Cairo, 111. Ports- 
mouth IS also the terminus of a 
branch of a Baltimore & Ohio R. R. 

PUT-IN-BAY ISLANDS, Ohio. 

The name of a handsome group of 
islands in the north-west comer of 
Lake Erie, where the Detroit River 
empties into the lake. A very 
popular summer resort, combining 



all the advantages of pure air, bathing, 
fishing, boating and all the conveni- 
ences of any of the lake cities. There 
are only 600 inhabitants, but several 
summer hotels. Kelly's Island is 
the largest of the group and has 
daily steamer connection withDetroit. 
Some people praise the products of 
the vineyai'ds of these islands, but 
all Ohio wines have a disagreeable 
flavor. 

SANDUSKY, Ohio. 
An important town on the beautiful 
Sandusky Bay, the largest inlet on the 
southern shore of Lake Erie, between 
Cleveland andToledOjUdth an excellent 
lake harbor. Sandusky carries on the 
largest trade in fresh water fish, in 
the world, amounting in value to 
2,000,000 yearly; a very extensive 
fruit trade (more than 1,000,000 
yearly), has a yield of 2,000,000 
gallons of wine a year and a remar- 
kable trade in blue and white lime- 
stone. 1000 men are employed 
in the fish industry alone; the annual 
ice yield of Sandusky amoimts to 
250,000 tons, all of which can be 
stored at one time in the capacious 
ice-houses. The State Fish Maichery 
is here, 3000 young M-^hite fish being 
put into the lake every year. The 
town has 20,000 inhabitants and is 
finely built on a slope, rising from 
te lake, affording a delightful view 
over Lake Erie. The steamers irun- 
ning between Buffalo and Toledo, 
stop here, affording an opportunity 
for tourists to take a look at this 
charming city. 

SHELBY JUNCTION, Ohio. 
Crossing of the Lake Erie Division 
of the B. & O. R. R., a busy village, 
about 70 miles from Cleveland. 

SIDNEY, Ohio. 
A pretty town on the Great Miami 
River, 23 miles south-west of Belle- 
fontaine. A branch of the Miami 
Channel intersects the city, affording 
considerable water power. 

SPRINGFIELD, Ohio. 

A thriving city of 35,000 inhabitarits, 

at the confluence of Madison River 

and Lagonda Creek, which afford 

excellent water power for the city's 



manufactories. The city lies in tAe 
midst of the veiy richest farmihg 
country, owing to which, Springfeld 
carries on a great trade in wheat, 
com, flour and other agricultural 
products. The Lutheran Seminary 
(Wittenberg College) ■wts foutded 
here in 1845. It has 450 students, 
instructed by 21 teachers and haring 
access to a library of 12,000 volumes. 
Railroads: C. C. C. & St. L.; 
New York, Lake Erie & Western. 

STEUBENVILLE, Ohio. 
On the west bank of the Ohio, 
where the Pan Handle Route crosses 
the river, which is here over a quarter 
of a mile wide; an inoustrial 
and commercicil city of some 
importance. It had 13,394 inha- 
bitants in 1890. Flour mills, 
foundries, machine shops, loliing 
mills and other industries. Ex- 
cellent coal abounds in this region, 
there being no less than eirfit shafts 
within the city limits. The sur- 
rounding country being very fertile, 
Steubenville is the center of a prof- 
itable trade in all kinds of farming 
products. The new County Court 
House is the most prominent public 
building. The scenery in the neigh- 
borhood of the city is picturesG|ue. 
Steubenville is a prominent landing- 
place of the Ohio steamers, running 
between Pittsburg, Pa. and Cairo, 
Illinois. 

TOLEDO, Ohio. 
The fourth largest city of Ohio, 
on the Maumee River, three miles 
from a large bay and six miles from 
Lake Erie, at the south-west comer, 
an important lake port, rapidly 
increasmg in population. Toledo had 
in 1850 only 3820 inhabitants, but 
now about 100,000. It has large 
locomotive and car factories, iron 
works, bicycle plants, flour mills, 
furniture factories, breweries and 
other industrial establishments, pro- 
ducing yearly goods to the value of 
18,000,000 to 20,000,000; an impor- 
tant shipping point for grain and 
lumber. Pipe lines conduct natural 
gas into the city for manufacturing 
and other purposes. The population 
enjoys the benefits of a very large 
PubUc Library of 85,000 volumes.. 



The Toledo Club House, the Soldiers' 
Monument wl^ 'Ca&ProduceExchange 
are the most remarkable public 
buildings. 

Agents of the North German Lloyd ; 
Wm. Gates, 40B Madison St., Toledo 
Ohio. 

C. R. Fischer, 102 Summit St., 
Toledo Ohio. 



UNION, Ohio. 
An important railroad center, 56 
miles south-west of Bellefontaine, 
cut by the boundary line of Indiana 
and Ohio; the vUlage being divided 
between these two states. 

URBANA, Ohio. 

A flourishing commercial and 
manufacturing city of 6500 inhab- 
itants, the Capital of Champaign 
County, 45 miles north-west of 
Columbus. The most important 
manufacturing concern is the U. S. 
Rolling Stock Co. The Urbana 
University is said to have been 
erected by the Lutherans in 1851, 
but is also a Swedenborgian College. 
In Monument Square is a nice 
Soldier's Monument. The High 
School of Urbana has 400 pupils. 

Railroads : Chicago, St. Louis & 
Pittsburg; New York, Lake Erie & 
Western. 

WELLSVILLE, Ohio. 
An important wood shipping point, 
on the Ohio, 52 miles from Pitts- 
burg, Pa. near the boundary line of 
Pennsylvania. It has several manu- 
factories, foundries and machine 



shops. The steamers running be- 
tween Pittsburg and Cairo touch 
here. 

XENIA, Ohio. 

A busy city, at an important rail- 
way junction, between Columbus and 
Cincinnati, with 7301 inhabitants. 
The center of the twine and paper 
industries and the seat of some high 
schools. In the vicinity is Wilber- 
force University, erected ia 1856 
by the Methodist Episcopalians, with 
20 instructors and 334 students. 
There are also; the Presbyterian 
Theological Seminary and the Ohio 
Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans 
Home, with 700 inmates. 

Railroads: Dayton, Fort Wayne 
& Chicago; Pittsburg, Cincinnati & 
St. Louis. 

ZANESVILLE, Ohio. 

A very nice trading and manufac- 
turing city, of 21,000 inhabitants, on 
the Muskingum River, at its conflu- 
ence with the Licking River. The 
country around the city being fertile, 
is a source of a profitable trade in 
com, wine and other agricultural 
products, although the water power, 
furnished by the rivers, the bitu- 
minous coal, iron ore, limestone and 
clays, in the adjacent region, are 
still more important for its devel- 
opment. Several public buildings of 
Zanesville are remarkable, especially 
the Zanesville Athenaetim containing 
a public library of 310,000 volumes. 
There are water works, electric cars, 
six railway bridges and steamers, 
running up the Muskingum River to 
Dresden, Ohio, a German settlement, 
17 miles above ZanesviUe. 

Zanesville was founded in 1799 by 
Ebenezer Zane of Wheeling and was 
from 1810 to 1835, the seat of the 
state government. 



OKLAHOMA. 



On April 22, 1889, President 
Harrison's proclamation opened this 
great tract of land for settlement. 

At Guthrie a town was staked out 
covering over 1,200 acres, and ten 
thousand people slept upon the 
ground on the first night. 

On September 22, 1891, the lands 
bought from the Iowa, Sac, Fox and 
Pottawatomie Indians came into 
market, and there was another wild 
rush for lands, but, owing to better 
governmental regulations, the mad 
scenes which attended the opening 
of Oklahoma were not repeated. 

Oklahoma, which includes Beaver 
county, heretofore known as "No 
Man's Land," was opened to set- 
tlement April 22, 1889. Then it was 
a wide, unorganized, unsettled coun- 
try. To-day we describe it as con- 
taming Payne, Logan, Oklahoma, 
Cleveland, part of Canadian, and part 
of Kingfisher cmmties. The Sac and 
Fox resei"vation are now known as A 
and Becounties. In April, 1892, the 
Cheyenne and Arrapahoe lands were 
thrown open, and now constitute 
C, D, E, F, G, and H counties. 
These settlers were in such mortal 
haste to settle, organize and get to 
work, that that they couldn't waste 
time in selecting names for their new 
counties. 

Oklahoma is well watered by rivers 
and creeks. The principal streams 
are the Cimarron river, the North 
Fork of the Canadian and the 
CcUiadian river proper. Spring water 
is found in nearly every part of this 



vast ^domain, and a good supply of 
well water can be obtained at a 
depth of from twenty to fifty feet. 

The land occupied by the Kiowa, 
Comanche and Apache Indians, in 
the southwestern portion of the 
Territory, between the main branch 
of the Canadian river and the Red 
river, is for the most part, moun- 
tainous, rugged, broken and somewhat 
rocky, and fit only, the greater part 
of it, for grazing purposes. 

The Vegetation of the Territory 
is very much like that of northern 
Texas and the State of Kansas. 

The climate is enjoyable in the 
extreme. Situated in the most 
favorable latitude, the sunimers are 
long and warm, while winter is but 
a dividing line between fall and 
spring. In the coldest part of the 
season the thermometer has never 
been known to go below twenty or 
thirty degrees in central or southern 
parts, and the average or mean 
temperature is stated to be fifty-five 
to sixty degrees. In the northwest 
and the Neutral Strip the temperature 
is about five degrees lower, owing 
to the proximity to the perpetual 
snows of the Rocky Mountains. 

Four great railway lines in opera- 
tion and affording facilities for travel 
and transportation of products to 
all the great markets of the United 
States and Mexico. The Santa Fe 
system traverses the Territory from 
north to south. The Rock Isl^md 
system, further west, also extends 
from the northern to the southern 



358 



limits of the Territory. The Frisco 
line from St. Louis is completed to 
Sapulpa. The Choctaw road connects 
with both the Atchison, Topeka & 
Santa Fe and the Rock Island; also 
with the system of roads at Fort 
Smith, Arkansas, for the Mississippi 
Valley, and crossing the Missouri, 
Kansas & Texas system. 

THE CHEROKEE STRIP. 
This part of the Territory embraces 
all the land lying north of Oklahoma 
and south of Kansas, bounded on the 
east by the Arkansas liver, and west 
by Texas and No Man's Land, now 
known as Beaver county, Oklahoma. 



It is 57^/a miles wide from north 
to south, and a little over 175 miles 
long from east to west, and contains 
about 8,000,000 acres, about one- 
third of which is fine agricultural 
land, one-third indifferent, and the 
remaining third fit for nothing but 
grazing. The principal streams of 
water in the strip are the North 
Canadian river, Cimarron river. Salt 
Fork of the Arkansas river Shakaskia, 
Red Rock, Deep Creek, Bear Creek, 
Pond Creek and many lessers streams 
fiowing into these. The strip is 
fairly well watered. 



359 



OREGON. 



Oregon resembles Washington in 
its chief peculiarities of surface, soil, 
and climate. Like Washington it is 
divided into two distinct climatic 
belts by the Cascade Mountains. 
Western Oregon contains the extens- 
ive and beautiful Willamette Valley, 
one of the most productive valleys 
on the globe. It is well settled with 
farmers, stock- raisers, and fruit- 
growers, and supports a number of 
towTis and cities, the most important 
of which is Portland, with 90,000 
inhabitants. The area of land in the 
State is 94,560 square miles, or 
60-518,400 acres. Its present pop- 
ulation is about 375,000. The Cascade 
Mountains, and also the Coast Range, 
which separate the Willamette Valley 
from the Pacific seabord, are heavily 
timbered. In Southern Oregon are 
the valleys of the Umpqua and the 
Rogue rivers, which are excellent 
for fruit culture. Eastern Oregon is 
mostly to arid for farming and is 
chiefly valuable for sheep and cattle, 
but this section contains a portion 
of the same rich wheat belt which 
extends through Eastern Washington 
from Spokane to Walla Walla. In 
Oregon this wheat belt lies between 
the Blue Mountains and the Colum- 
bia River, and embraces most of the 
county of Umatilla. There are also 
two large valleys in Eastern Oregon, 
known as the Grande Ronde and the 
Wallowa, where faming is successfully 
carried on without irrigation. The 
chief export products of the State 
are wheat, wool, lumber, and salmon. 

Oregon is a word derived from 
the Spanish and means "wild thyme," 



the earl)' explorers finding that herb 
growing there in great profusion. 
So far as we have any record Oregon 
seems to have been first visited by 
white men in 1775; Captain Cook 
coasted dowTi its shores in 1778. 
Captain Gray, commanding the ship 
"Columbia", of Boston Mass., discov- 
ered the noble river in 1791, which 
he named after his ship. Astoria 
was founded in 1811; immigration 
was in full tide in 1839; Territorial 
organization was effected in 1848, 
and Oregon became a State on 
February 14, 1859. 

AIRLIE, Ore. 
So. Pac. Co. Oregonarian Div. 
Is the southern tei^minus of the 
West Side. 



ALBANY. Ore. 
Oregon & California R. R. On 
the Willamette River, has 6,000 
inhabitants, and is the county seat 
of lAnn county. Has excellent water 
power by means of the "Albanj'- & 
Santiam Canal," fifteen miles long, 
brought from the Santiam River, a 
pure mountain stream, which also 
furnishes supply for the water- 
works; six hotels, two private banks, 
one national bank, two daily and two 
weekly newspapers, four school 
buildings, eight churches, and Albany 
College (Presbyterian). Of manufac- 
tories there are: one agricultural 
implement factory, two foundries and 
machine shops, one saw mill, two 
planing mills, one wire-cloth factory, 
one chair factory, two furniture 
factories, three wagon factorie; 



360 



1 



three large flouring mills, capacity 
from 150 to 400 barrels each per 
, day, besides a number of smaller 
factories of varit)us kinds, all run 
by water-power. Products: wheat, 
oats, barley, rye, all kinds of fiuit 
(except peaches) in abundance and 
of fine quality. Shipment: flour, 
grain, fruit, etc. 

ASHLAND, Ore. 
Oregon & California R. R. Popula- 
tion 3,000, between San Francisco 
and Portland on Southern Pacific 
R. R. Noted for the excellence of 
its public schools. Has new State 
Normal School, 150 pupils from all 
parts of Oregon. Daily stage and 
mail line to Klamath Falls. Is the 
starting point for tourists to Crater 
Lake, Pelican Bay, Lake of the 
Woods, Klamath Lakes, Pilot Rock, 
and other points, embracing a 
wonderful variety of Alpine attrac- 
tions. Its magnificent sulphur baths, 
vapor baths, soda springs, and other 
mineral waters, constitute a wonder 
and a joy to visitors. It is also 
noted for the excellence and variety 
of its fruit and flowers. It has a 
water system supplying the purest 
of water directly from perennial 
snow to every house, and supplying 
power to its foundry and machine 
shop, electric-light plant, flouring 
mills, planing mills, woolen factory, 
quartz mill, newspaper offices and 
stores, and that irrigation which 
makes the little city so attractive. 
It is the headquarters of the S. O. 
Chautauqua Association. It has one 
of the finest hotels between Portland 
and Sacramento, and an opera house, 
to seat 800 people. 

ASTORIA, Ore. 
County seat of Clatsop county 
situated where thet Youngs River 
joins the Columbia, including Upper 
and Lower Astoria and the Chinese, 
has a population of 7,400. A system 
of water works brings water from 
Bear River, eleven miles distant, at 
an elevation of 430 feet. Over 
$ 200,000, was recently expended in 
perfecting the water supply. Also 
has gas works, three large and several 
small hotels, three saw mills, electric- 
light system, three banks, two public 



halls, 100 stores, two daily and 
three weekly newspapers, four school 
buildings and six churches. Salmon 
fishing and canning is the principal 
business enterprise, represented by 
twenty-four canneries, with a total 
capacity of 400,000 cases for the 
season from April 1st to August 1st. 
There are also one brewer^, one 
tannery, three saw miUs, two plan- 
ing mills, two box factoi^ies, two 
foundries and one ship building 
plant. The surrounding country is 
densely covered with hemlock, fir. 
Oregon pine, and spruce. The soil 
cleared of the timber is good. 
Logging is also carried on exten- 
sively on all sides within twenty 
miles, about 400,000 feet per day 
being driven in the vicinity. Ship- 
ments: salmon, 500,000 cases to 
Liverpool, San Francisco, and points 
east. Game: in the hills, elks, bear, 
deer. Trouting in the small streams ; 
and in the Columbia River are 
salmon, tomcod, and large salmon 
trout. Fort Stevens is located at 
the south side of enti'ance to the 
Columbia, six miles below Astoria, 
and Fort Canby, similarly situated 
on the north side of the Columbia, 
twelve miles below Astoria, both 
reached by daily steamer. 

ATHENA, Ore. 
N. P. R. Washington & Columbia 
River Ry. Population 1,000, is 
situated on the edge of the Umatilla 
Reservation and in the center of a 
tine wheat growing belt. It has 
twenty stores, two hotels, a flouring 
mill, two newspapers, two public 
halls, three churches, a school, one 
chop mill, one planing mill, etc. 
Products: wheat, oats, barley, etc. 
Fine stock range in the Blue Moun- 
tains near by. 

AURORA, Ore. 
Oregon & California R. R. Popula- 
tion 250, is on Pudding River, and 
has one hotel one flouring mill, one 
saw mill, livery stable, three stores, 
small shops, one school and one 
church. 

BAKER CITY, Ore. 
O. R. & N. System. Is the county 
seat of Baker county, and has a 



361 



population of 3,500, five hotels, three 
banks, one public hall, twenty-eight 
stores four newspapers, four schools, 
and five churches. Products: wheat, 
oats, barley, etc. Wool and hides 
the principal shipments. Game : deer, 
elk, sheep, and fowl. The Powder 
River Valley contains rich ores of 
gold, silv-er, and copper, besides 
extensive placers. It is one of the 
greatest grazing regions of the 
Pacific Northwest. 

BENVERTON, Ore. 
Oregon & California Railroad. 
Population 400, has four stores, a 
graded school, flouring mill, carriage 
shop, and three churches. The hund- 
reds of acres of the celebrated Beaver 
Dam lands at this point are devoted 
exclusively to the cultivation of 
vegetables for the Portland market. 

BROWNSVILLE, Ore. 
So. Pac. Co. Oregonarian Div. 
Population 750, is situated on both 
sides of the Calapoola River, having 
excellent water power. It has a 
woolen mill, manufacturing $ 300,000 
worth of goods per year, one flour- 
ing mill, one planing mill, one 
tannery, a saw mill, sash and door 
factory, two hotels, a city hall, 
thirteen stores, two schools and 
seven churches. Products: grain, 
hops, stock and wool. Shipments: 
grain, hops, woolen goods. Large 
and small game and fish. 

CANBY, Ore. 
Oregon & California R. R. With 
a population of 100, is surrounded 
by a thickly settled timbered country. 
It has one hotel, three stores, three 
saw mills, one school house, and is 
the location of the Methodist Epis- 
copal Camp Grounds, with forty 
acres and large buildings, where 
meetings are held annually. 

CENTRAL POINT, Ore. 
Oregon & California R. R. In the 
Rogue Valley, population 950, has 
twelve stores, two hotels, a sash and 
door factory, public school, church, 
opera house, etc. The Southern 
Oregon District Fair Grounds are 
located one-half mile west of town. 
Shipments: grains, fruit, and cattle, 



Game: quail, grouse, pheasants, etc. 
Fish: salmon and trout. 

COBURG, Ore. 
So. Pac. Co. Oregonarian Div. 
Is the southern terminus of the East 
Side. 

CORVALLIS, Ore. 
Oregon & California Railroad. 
On the Willamette River, has 2,500 
inhabitants, five hotels, two banks, 
one hall, twenty-five stores, three 
newspapers, seven churches, three 
school buildings and the State Agri- 
cultural College, carriage and wagon 
factory, two flouring mills, two sash 
and door factories, and electric lights. 
The surrounding country is rolling 
prairie, well watered, producing 
wheat, oats, barley, rye, hops, flax, 
corn and vegetables, fruit, apples, 
grapes, etc. Shipments: wheat, oats, 
butter, green hides. Deer, bear, and 
elk are found in the Coast Range 
mountains, thirty miles west; grouse, 
pleasants, ducks, geese, quail, in the 
valleys; trout in the streams. The 
Oregon Pacific R. R. between Cor- 
vallis and Albany connects the east 
and west side lines of the Southern 
Pacific Co. 

COTTAGE GROVE, Ore. 
Oregon & California R. R. Popula- 
tion 750, has two flouring mills, two 
s^w mills, two planing mills, shingle 
and sash and door factory, a graded 
school, thirteen stores, churches, 
newspaper etc. Surrounded by 
agricultural and stock raising country ^- 
and rich mining. The coast fork of 
the Willamette river furnishes good 
water power. 

CRESWELL, Ore. 
Oregon & California R. R. Popula- 
tion 500, has three stores, school, 
hotel, church a public hall, and one 
flouring mill. Surrounded by a good 
farming country. Products: all kinds 
of grain, fruits and vegetables. 
Shipments: wheat, oats, hops, wool 
and live-stock. Game: deer, geese, 
ducks, quail, etc. 

DALLAS, Ore. 
So. Pac. Co. Oregonarian Div. 
The county seat of Polk county, is 



362 



situated on a level plain on the 
banks of the La Creole River, with 
good water power, and is in the 
center of a fine agricultural district. 
The town has 1,000 inhabitants, 
thirteen stores, one bank, three halls, 
two newspapers, two school build- 
ings, the La Creole Academy, one 
foundry, machine shop, three hotels, 
one planing mill, one grist mill, sash 
and door factory and three churches. 
Products are wheat, oats, etc. Large 
and small game and fish. 

DILLEY, Ore. 
Oregon & California Railroad. 
Population 500, within a radius of 
two miles, is located near the Tua- 
latin River, at its junction with 
Gale's Creek, and near the outlet of 
Wapato Lake, with good water power 
running two flouring mills and one 
saw mill. Has two general stores 
and one school. 

DRAIN, Ore. 
Oregon & California R. R. Popula- 
tion 400, is located at the junction 
of Pass and Elk Creeks, both 
furnishing water power. Has two 
steam saw mills, one flouring mill, 
two hotels, one public hall and one 
masonic hall, two stores, an academy 
of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 
and one church. Surrounding country 
mountainous, covered with forests 
of fir, cedar, oak, etc., and fertile 
valleys producing wheat, oats, rye 
and corn. Fruit: apples, pears, 

ECHO, Ore. 
O. R. &N. System. Population 150, 
on the Umatilla River, has two 
hotels, one church, two halls, eight 
stores and one school. Surrounded 
by a rolling farming land, producing 
wheat, barley, etc. 

ELLENSBURG, Ore. 
Oregon & California R. R. 50 miles 
west of Grant's Pass, on Rogue 
River near its mouth at the Pacific 
Ocean, population 200, has two 
hotels, one salmon cannery, two saw 
mills. Products: wool and fish. Ship- 
ments: principally salmon in cases. 

EUGENE, Ore. 
Oregon & California R. R. The 



county seat of Lane County, is on 
the Willamette River, 123 miles south 
of Portland, and has 5,000 inhabitants, 
good water power, fire protection, 
first-class volunteer fire department, 
good electric system, one furniture 
factory, one foundry and machine 
shop, one saw mill, three lumber 
yards, two planing mills, one sash 
and door factory, four wagon shops, 
one large flouring mill and grain 
elevator, one hammerless gun factory, 
one knife and cutlery factory, one 
cannery, one tannery, one soap 
factory, one ice factory, one creamery, 
one axe handle factory, three hotels, 
three banks, three halls, one opera 
house, seventy-five stores, three 
newspapers (one daily), two public 
school buildings, and nine churches. 
The State University, the leading 
educational institution of the State, 
is located here. The lands surround- 
ing are fertile in the valley, which 
is fifteen miles wide at Eugene and 
widens to the north. Products: all 
kinds of cereals, vegetables, fruit, 
and stock. Shipments: wheat, wool, 
hops, -fruit, cattle, aiid hogs. Game: 
deer, bear, grouse, china pheasants, 
geese, and ducks. Fish: trout. 

FOREST GROVE, Ore. 

Oregon & California Railroad. 
Population 1,000, is surrounded by 
a fine agricultural country. This is 
the site of the Tualatin Academy 
and Pacific University; also has one 
public school, two hotels, eight stores, 
one public hall, one newspaper, three 
churches, one sash and door factory, 
one flour mill, etc. Products: grain, 
hay, live stock, fruit, etc. 

GERVAlfS, Ore. 

Oregon & California R. R. Popula- 
tion 600, has three hotels, six stores, 
three churches, one Catholic convent, 
two saw mills and two flour mills. 
Prairie country. Shipments: li'uit, 
butter, small vegetables, etc. 

GLENDALE, Ore. 

Oregon & California R. R. Popula- 
tion 200, has two hotels, one saw 
mill, and five stores. Surrounded 
by mountainous and heavily timbered 
country ; lumber constituting principal 



363 



shipment. Fort Klamath, 150 miles 
east, is reached by stage. 

GRANT'S PASS, Ore. 
Oregon & California R. R. Has 
3.500 inhabitants, and is county seat 
of Josephine county. One of the 
oldest mining regions in the State. 
Has thirty-Hve stores, one bank, 
shingle factoiy, two' sugar-pine door 
and lumber factories, packing house, 
good opera house, tine brick school 
house, water works, electric lights, 
five thousand-dollar city hall, two 
newspapers, six churches. Situated 
in midst of fine fruit district, and is 
the largest shipping-point in the 
State for melons of all kinds. Every 
kind of game : mountain and salmon 
trout abundant. 

HALSEY, Ore. 
Oregon & California R. R. Popula- 
tion 500, has one planing mill, one 
hotel, nine stores, one school building, 
three churches. Wheat, oats and 
fruits are the principal products and 
shipments, and small yield of barley, 
flaxseed and hops. 

HARRISBURG, Ore. 
Oregon & California R. R. On 
the Willamette River, population 
1,000, has good water power from 
the Willamette River, one flouring 
mill, one saw mill, one hotel, fourteen 
stores, six grain warehouses, one 
newspaper, one school, opera house, 
two churches. Prairie land. Prod- 
ucts: all kinds of grain and fruits, 
apples, pears, etc. Shipments; grain 
and general farm produce. 

HEPPNER, Ore. 
N. P. R. L. S. D, Population 800, 
county seat of Morrow county, is 
the terminus of the branch line 
from Arlington. The town is well 
supplied with various stores, schools, 
churches, banks, hotels, etc. This 
is the freight station for the towns 
of Plardman, Hamilton, Long Creek, 
and Canon City. Shipments: hides, 
wool and stock. 

HILLSBORO, Ore. 
Oregon & California Railroad. 
Near the Tualatin River, county seat 
of Washington county, has 1,500 



inhabitants, two hotels, one hall, 
number of stores, two grist mills, 
one oatmeal mill, sash and door factory 
one creamery, one school and four 
churches. Products: wheat, oats, etc. 

HOOD RIVER, Ore. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. PopiUation 300, 
is situated at the junction of the 
Columbia and Hood rivers, and has 
two hotels, three stores, one hall, 
one school building, one shingle mill, 
five saw mills, etc. A wagon road 
runs to Mt. Hood, distant 25 miles. 
Stages leave Hood River daily from 
April 15th to October ist. 

INDEPENDENCE, Ore. 
Oregon & California Railroad. 
On the Willamette River, has 900 
inhabitants, two flouring mills, two 
saw and planing mills, two sash and 
door factories, one carriage factory, 
two hotels, one public hall, fourteen 
stores, one newspaper, two school 
buildings and two churches. Sur- 
rounding country is level prairie, 
with occasional groves of fir, oak, 
and maple; the soil rich and produc- 
ing wheat, oats, barley, hops, corn, 
vegetables, fruit, apples, pears, plums. 
Shipments: grain, lumber, hops and 
wool. Small game is plentiful, and 
large game is found in the mountains. 
Fish: salmon, trout, etc. 

JEFFERSON, Ore. 
Oregon & California R. R. On the 
Santiam River, population 550, has 
good water power, running one hall 
mill and one flouring mill; two gi^ain 
elevators, one hotel, four stores, one 
school building and two churches. 
Wheat and oats the principal 
shipments. 

JUNCTION CITY, Ore. 
Oregon & California R. R. Popula- 
tion 1,000, located in a rich and 
beautiful valley about 20 miles wide, 
has two hotels, eight stores, two 
schools, fine opera house, three 
churches and two large gi^ain wai-e- 
houses. This is the junction point 
with the Oregon & Pacific R. R. 
from Coi"vallis which connects the 
east and west side lines of the 
Southern Pacific Co. Is supplied 
with fine water powex% 



364 



LA GRANDE, Ore. 
O. R. & N. System. Population 
1,000, situated in Union county, near 
the southwest corner of the Grande 
Ronde Valley, has seven general 
stores, two drug stores, three hotels, 
three blacksmith shops, two stove 
and hardware stores, one brewery, 
one furniture store, one livery stable, 
etc. U-. S. Land Office is located 
here. Products: grain and stock. 
Game and fish abundant. 

LEBANON, Ore. 

Oregon & California R. R. Popula- 
tion 600; on the Lebanon Branch, 
with an excellent water power, 
running one flouring mill, three saw 
mills and one planing mill, has two 
hotels, one bank, one hall, twelve 
stores, two schools, the Santiam 
Academy being located here;' two 
harness shops and three churches. 
Surrounded by fine farming lands, 
producing wheat, oats, hops, flaxseed, 
potatoes, etc. Game of all kinds. 

LINNTON, Ore. 

Population 1,000, situated on the 
bank of the Willamette River, near 
the mouth of the Columbia River. 
Has three stores, one hall, saw mill, 
and school. Gold and silver smelter, 
employs 150 people. Saw miU, box 
factory. River steamers touch at 
this place daUy. 

MC MINNVILLE, Ore. 
Oregon & California Railroad. 
Population 2,500, county seat of 
Yamhill County, is located on the 
left bank of the south fork of the 
Yamhill River. It has a sash and 
door factory, cigar factory, four 
hotels, two banks, twenty stores, two 
flour mills, two livery stables, a 
public school, an opera house, six 
churches, two newspapers, a college, 
electric light and water works. 
Products and shipments: grain, fruit, 
vegetables. Game: deer, elk. wild 
fowl. 

MEDFORD, Ore. 
Oregon & California R. R. Popula- 
tion 2,500, situated in the center of 
Rogue River Valley, has twelve 
stores, one quartz mill, two hotels. 



six churches, water works, electric 
light plant, flouring mill, saw mills, 
large public school, brewery, packing 
house, and two large livery stables 
where tourists can procure either 
saddle horses or hacks to visit 
Crater Lake and Table Mountains. 
Surrounding Medford are large 
vineyards and peach orchards, from 
the products of which are manufac- 
tured a very superior article of 
wines and brapdies. Over 150 car 
loads of fruit shipped during past 
season. Neighboring coal and gold 
mines are bemg developed. ' A line 
of railroad runs to Jacksonville, a 
town of 1,000 inhabitants. 

MILTON, Ore. 
O. R. & N. System. Population 
900, on the Walla Walla River, 
has two flouring mills, two planing 
and one chop and box mill, fourteen 
stores, two hotels, three churches, 
a public school, the Milton Academy, 
etc. Surrounded by a rich agricul- 
tural country, 

. MILWAUKIE, Ore. 
Oregon & California R. R. On 
the Willamette River, population 300, 
has a good water power, one flouring 
mill, one hotel one hall, three stores, 
one school house, three churches, 
etc. Products: grain, fruit, veg- 
etables, etc. Small game: salmon 
and trout. 

OAKLAND, Ore. 
Oregon & California R. R. Has 
350 inhabitants, one flouring mill, 
two hotels, three halls, eight stores, 
one school, three churches, five 
grain warehouses, a foundry, etc. 
Products: wheat, oats, barley, veg- 
etables, blackberries. One unde- 
veloped cement mine, five miles north. 
Shipments: quicksilver-, grain. 

OREGON CITY, Ore. 
Oregon & California R. R. On 
the Willamette River, population 
5,000, county seat of Clackamas 
county, has electric lights, a good 
water power, five hotels, two banks, 
three public halls, forty-five stores, 
two newspapers, a U. S. Land Office, 
one school building, five churches, 
three flouring mflls, two paper 



365 



mills, one woolen mill, one saw mill, 
sash and door factory, one soap 
factory, one box factory, and one 
cigar factory. Products: wheat, oats, 
barley, hay, hops, vegetables and fruit. 

PENDLETON, Ore. On the Umatilla 
River, county seat of Umatilla count)% 
is a growing town with a present 
population of 4,000. The town has 
three hotels, three banks, seventy- 
five mercantile houses, two news- 
papers, two opera houses, school 
buildings, six churches, and a fine 
water-works and electric light com- 
pany. Products, wheat, stock, wool, 
barlej% rye, oats, vegetables, fruit, 
etc. Game : elk, deer, prairie chickens, 
ducks, pheasants. Fish: salmon and 
mountain trout. 

PORTLAND, Ore. 

Portland N. P. R. L. S. D. is the 
metropolis of the Pacific Northwest. 
It is situated on the Willamette 
River, twelve miles from its con- 
fluence with the Columbia, and one 
hundred and ten miles from the 
Pacific Ocean. Latitude forty-five 
degrees, thirty minutes north; long- 
itude one hundred and twenty-two 
degrees, twenty-seven minutes, thirty 
seconds west. It has natural advant- 
ages as to locality and climate, which, 
combined with the enterprise of its 
citizens, has effected an enormous 
growth. It has a population of 
90,785, showing a very rapid increase 
in the last five years, during which 
time capital has been invested and 
encouraged, and its manufacturing 
products have constantly increased. 

There. has recently been constructed 
from Portland to the sea a deep 
chcumel, a distance of one hundred 
and twelve miles. This channel is 
twenty-five feet deep, and was con- 
structed at the expense of the citizens 
of Portland. 

The deep sea commerce of this 
port for 1895 was, foreign and coast- 
wise, $ 7,362,966, which, of course, 
is exclusive of merchandise and 
produce shipped from the city east- 
ward during the year, which amount- 
ed to a little over $ 3,000,000. The 
registered tonnage in and out of the 
Columbia River about 750 vessels, 
725,000 tonnage. 



A contract has recently been signed, 
making the Oriental Steamship line 
between Portland and China and 
Japan permanent, so there are now 
five steamship lines, thus opening 
up a medium by which Portland can 
export to the Oriental countries flour 
and mill products, lumber, fruits, 
vegetables meat and horses ; and im- 
port teas, curios, matting, silks, 
matchwood, rice, wall paper, etc 

To give details of Portland's trade 
is impracticable. In the wholesale 
and jobbing trade almost all branches 
are represented. There are twenty- 
eight mercantile houses. Her clear- 
ings are about $ 60,000,000 p. a. 

Portland has been supplied by 
nature with advantages that will 
make her a great manufacturing city. 

She has cheap fuel and abundance 
of raw material, such as iron, wood, 
lime, cement, and many others, in 
addition to the advantages offered 
to the manufacturer in the facilities 
which the complete system of trans- 
portation affords for collecting the 
raw material and distributing the 
manufactured product, not alone in 
all parts of the United States, but 
the world, and she is the center of 
the wool trade of the Pacific North- 
west; but one of her greatest ad- 
vantages is the abundance and cheap- 
ness of the water power afforded by 
the falls of the Willamette River, 
This power, 150,000 horse, never 
freezes, is ready for use day and 
night, winter and summer; is easily 
used and surrounded by solid rock, 
offering the most permanent foun- 
dation possible for the many mills. 
It is now becoming generally known 
that Portland has the greatest water 
power in the United States with the 
exception of Niagara Falls. The im- 
mense electrical plant recently con- 
structed at the falls of the Willamette, 
by which an energy of 20,000 horse- 
power is trfinsmitted by wire to 
Portland for the purpose of furnish- 
ing electrical power for manufactur- 
ing purposes, leaving about 125,000 
yet to be utilized from the same 
source, and the Cascades of the 
Columbia, but thirty miles away, 
which can be made to fui'nish double 
the amount of that of the Willamette, 
give some conception of Portland's 



366 



possibilities in the line of manu- 
facture. 

As to internal improvements, Port- 
land is making its streets first class. 
The city is well lighted, and the 
finest water in the world is con- 
■ ducted thirty miles to the city from 
a stream having its source among 
the eternal snows of Mount Hood. 
The beautiful Willamette River flows 
through the city, spanned by many 
bridges and bearing upon its bosom 
ships carrying flags of all nations. 
The city supports plublic schools 
and a fire department. 

The city is well provided with 
street-car facilities, having 123 miles 
of lines. 

The buildings of Portland would 
do credit to any city. The "Hotel 
Portland", covermg an entire block, 
and the "Imperial", are well managed 
and first class in every particular. 
Some massive business houses have 
recently been built, and mention 
should be made of the Chamber of 
Commerce, City Hall, Union Depot,, 
the churches, hotels, post - office 
building, and other public edifices, 
as well as private residences. 

Lying in the heart of a great pro- 
ducing country, for which it must 
serve as a receiver and distributer; 
having such vast wealth at its com- 
mand; possessing railroad andw;ater- 
connections with all markets; an air 
of substantial prosperity pervading 
the place, the permanent advance- 
ment of Portland is guaranteed. 

Agents of The North German Lloyd: 

F. B. Kirkland, Agt. South Pac, 
Portland, Ore. 

C. F. P/lueger, Portland, Ore. 

V. A. Schilling, Ticket Agt. O. R. 
& N.. Co., Portland, Ore. 

B. W. Greer, Agt. Can. Pac, 
Portland, Ore. 

A. D. Charlton, Ass. Genl. Pass. 
Agt. N. Pac, Portland, Ore. 

E. S. Van Kuran, Agt. Union 
Pac, 135 W. Brd Street, Portland, 
Ore. 

ROSEBURG, Ore. 

Oregon & California R. R. County 

seat of Douglas county, population 

3,000, is located on the South 

Umpqua River, which furnishes 



excellent water power, running two 
large flouring mills, and one woolen 
mill. Has four hotels, two banks, 
one hall, eleven general and various 
smaller stores, three newspapers, a 
U. S. Land Office, one school, eight 
churches. The surrounding country 
is hilly, with fertile valleys. Prod- 
ucts: principally wheat and fruit, 
with some corn and other grains. 
Stock-raising is an important itena. 
A railroad is now under construction 
to Marshfield, an important point on 
Coos Bay. Wheat, fruit, stock, 
wool, and hides form the chief ship- 
ments, which are very large. Game: 
deer and elk. Fish : salmon and trout. 

SALEM, Ore. 
Oregon & California R. R. Popula- 
tion 13,000, the State capital and 
county seat of Marion county, is 
beautifully located on the Willamette 
River, with as fine a water power 
as there is in the State. The State 
prison, insane asylum, reform school, 
orphans' home, blind school and 
deaf mute institute are located here. 
Has two first-class hotels, one 
National and one private bank. 
Reed's Opera House, more than 
fifty mercantile establishments, three 
newspapers, six public school 
buildings, the Willamette University 
and Women's College, Sisters' school, 
Quaker Institute and Business 
College, fifteen to twenty churches, 
two flouring mills and one grist 
mill. Surrounded by fine agricultural 
country, producing wheat, oats, 
barley, hay, rye, corn, potatoes, aud 
all kinds of vegetables and fruits. 
Flour is the principal shipment. 
Fish: salmon and trout. Game: 

SHERIDAN, Ore.| 
So. Pac. Co. Oi^egonarian Div. 
Population 800, has twelve stores, 
bank, three halls, newspaper, school, 
two hotels, three churches and flour- 
ing mill. Products: wheat, oats, 
barley, hops, etc. 

SILVERTON, Ore. 
So. Pac. Co. Oregonarian Div, 
Population 400, is on Silver Creek, 
and has an excellent water power. 
It has one hotel, two halls, one bank, 
eight stores, one sash and door 



367 



factory, one newspaper, one graded 
school, one church, four saw mills 
and two flour mills. Products: cedar 
and fir lumber and small grains; 
large and small game and fish. 

THE DALLES, Ore. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 5,000, 
county seat of Wasco County, is 
situated on the Columbia River, and 
has two wagon manufactories, one 
wire mattress factory, one foundry, 
brick yards, a fine system of water 
works and well-equipped fire depart- 
ment; eight hotels, three banks, four 
public halls, one opera house, sixty 
stores, three large forwarding and 
commission houses, one daily and 
two weekly newspapers, a U. S. Land 
Office, four school buildings and five 
churches. Products: grain, hops, 
stock, wool, etc. Shipments large, 
of wool, hops, sheep, and hogs. 

TURNER, Ore. 
Oregon & California R. R. On 
Mill Creek, is the western terminus, 
or starting point, of the Mt. Jefferson 
(or North Santiam) road, leading 
through, the Minto Pass to Eastern 
Oregon. Has 350 inhabitants, one 
hotel, five stores, one school, Masonic 
hall, one Baptist church. Christian 
Church Tabernacle, seating capacity, 
2,500, camp-meeting grounds of the 
Christian denomination, two saw 
mills, two flouring mills with capacity 
of 250 barrels per day and a wheat- 
storing capacity of 100,000 bushels. 
Products : , wheat, oats hay, hops. 

UMATILLA JUNCTION, Ore. 

N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 150, 
is on the Columbia and Umatilla 
river. It has three hotels, one store 
and one school building. Products: 



wheat and vegetables. Game : ducks, 
grouse, etc. Fish: salmon. 

UNION, Ore. 
O. R. & N. System. Is located on 
a small stream called Catherine Creek. 
It is the county seat of Union county, 
and has 800 inhabitants, two hotels, 
one bank one hall, seven stores, one 
school building, and three churches. 
Products: grain and stock. 

VANSYCLE, Ore. 
N. P. R. Washington & Columbia 
River Ry. Is a shipping point of 
considerable note for wheat and 
live stock. Surrounded by fine 
wheat country. Good Government 
lands yet to be foimd within eight 
miles of station. 

WESTON, Ore. 

O. R. & N. System. On Pine Creek, 
five miles from Blue Montain Station, 
has 800 inhabitants, one hotel, news- 
paper, stores, school, and two 
churches, 
barley. 

WHITE'S, Ore. 

Oregon & California Railroatl. 
Is the junction of the S. P. Co., 
west side, with the O, R. Co. (Lim- 
ited), naiTow gauge, west side. 

WOODBURN, Ore. 
Oregon & California R. R. At the 
junction of the S. P. Co., east side, 
with the Oregonian R. R., east side, 
has a population of 500, one hotel, 
one fruit and vegetable cannery, two 
halls, five stores, a foundry, nursery, 
one bank, electric-light and water- 
works plants, a school, and two 
churches. Products and shipments: 
small grains, nurseiy products, etc. 



Products: wheat, oats. 



308 



PEKNSYLYAHIA. 



The name, Pennsylvania, means 
the Sylvan places (or Woodlands) 
of Penn, and was given by King- 
Charles II. of England. The Penn 
so commemorated was not the Wil- 
liam Penn who founded the com- 
monwealth, but his father, Admiral 
Penn, whom the King greatly esteem- 
ed. The name of "The Keystone 
State" arises from the fact that the 
final vote of her delegation secured 
the adoption of the Declaration of 
Independence . in the Continental 
Congress, thus crowning Pennsyl- 
vania as the Keystone of the arch 
of Liberty. 

ALLEGHENY, Pa. 
North Side. 

Essentially a residence district, 
furnishing homes for thousands of 
Pittsburg's toilers. The town of 
Allegheny was laid out by the state 
in 1788, in 1828 it was created a 
borough, and in 1840 was incorpor- 
ated as a city. 

East End. 

Is also a residence district. 
Sottth Side. 

Monongahela Valley, from Tenth 
Street up, is the Birmingham of 
America. Immense manufacturing 
establishments of all kinds, iron 
mills, rolling mills, nail mills, glass 
works, etc., occupying every avail- 
able foot of ground for miles, re- 
presenting millions of capital in- 
vested, and supporting the families 
of many thousands of workingmen. 



Agent of the North German Lloyd : 
Chas R. Weitershmisen, 212 Ohio 
St., Allegheny City Pa. 

ALLENTOWN, Pa. 

A flom-ishing city of 25,000 inh., 
looking from its embowered plateau 
over the rich farming and mining 
lands of the Lehigh valley. 93 mis. 
from New York. One of the most 
enterprising cities in Pennsylvania, 
having within its boundaries exten- 
sive blast-works, fuimaces, rolling- 
mills, silk-mills, furniture -factories 
and other industrial establishments. 

Railroads : Central of New Jersey; 
Lehigh Valley ; Philadelphia & Read- 
ing. 

ALTOONA, Pa. 

At the base of the AUeghenies, at 
the head of the Tuckahoe valley, 
237 mis. from Philadelphia and 117 
mis. from Pittsburg. The city was 
laid out in 1850, it had in 1880, 
30,337 inhabitants. Just beyond 
Altooua the ascent of the AUeghenies 
begins, and in the course of the 
next 11 miles some of the finest 
sceneiy and the greatest feats of 
engineering of the entire line are 
to be seen. Within this distance 
the road mounts to the tvmnel at 
the summit by so steep a grade 
that while in the ascent double 
power is required to move the train, 
the entii-e 11 miles of descent are 
run without steam, the speed of the 
train being regulated by the "brakes". 



3G9 



BEDFORD, PA. 
A chief attraction at Bedford is 
tlie mineral spring". Enthusiasts 
declare, that no medicinal water in 
the world is its equal. 
. Bedford is easily and comfortably 
reached by the main line of the 
Pennsylvania Railroad to Huntingdon, 
thence by the ];iedford Division, 
and is amply supplied with liver}' 
accomodations. 

BETPILEHEM AND SOUTH 
BETHLEHEM, Pa. 
With a combined ]iopulation of 
.17,664 inh. the Lehio-h River, 56 mis. 
from Philadelphia, is interesting as 
the cliief.seat of tlie Moravians, or 
United Brethren, who settled here 
under Count Zinzendorf, in 1741. 
The costl}^ and handsome buildings 
of Lehigh University stand on a 
terrace of South Mountain, afford- 
ing a view of 20 miles. The 
Bethlehem Ii'on Qompanys Works, 
founded in 1857, occupy a domain 
iViniile long and ^/, mjle wide, with 
20 acres under cover and 3,500 
nperativQS. 

CARBONDALE, Pa. 
j\ ilourishi g city of 10,833 inh., 
17!) mis. from Philadelphia, situated 
anu)iig the high ridges on the 
Lackawanna River and Adelding enor- 
mous quantities of anthracite coal. 

CHAMBERSBUliG, Pa. 

y\. lively city of 7,863 inh., pleas- 
antly situated on Conecochcheague 
Creek, 52 mis. from Harrisburg. 

The surrounding country, which 
forms part of the great limestone 
valley at the southeast base of the 
Blue Mountains, is populous and 
highly cultivated. 

Railroad: Western Maryland. 

CHESTER, Pa. 
'i"he famous sJiip-buildiitg city on 
the Delaware 13Vc mis. from Phila- 
delphia, with 20,226 inh. The oldest 
settlement in Pennsylvania. It has 
30 large ' cotton and woolen mills. 
besides steel-works and boiler antl 
engine shops. Here also many 
steamships fen- tlie Ocean-lines and 

3 



powerful men-of-war have been built. 
A large plant of the American 
Wheel Company is operated at West 
Chester. , 

Railroad: Pennsylvania R. R. 

CRESCO, Pa. 
A station on the line ot the 
Delaware, Lackawanna and Western 
Railroad among the Pocono Moun- 
tains, 17 miles above the Delaware 
Water Gap. Pleasant mountain 
drives lead to Canandensis and 
Mountain Hom.e Village, quiet 
resorts two miles distant, made 
beautiful in season b}^ profusion of 
rhododendrons. Buck Hill and Spruce 
Cabin Falls add to the beauty of the 
mountain stream which trails through 
the settlements of village, hotels and 
farmhouses. The bracing dryness of 
the atmosphere makes the locality 
desirable for those affected with 
respiratory diseases. 

CRESS ON, Pa. 

The most conspicuous point in the 
mountains of Western Pennsylvania. 
It is located on the crest of the 
mountains, twenty-three hundred feet 
above tide level, in an envhonmeut 
which cannot be surpassed for 
natural beauty. 

At the foot of the lawm, reached 
by a winding roadway, is the rail- 
road station. Beyond lies a lands- 
cape of rare beauty. 

EAGLES MERE, Pa. 
Eagles Mere, the "Lake of the 
Eagles." This wonderful combina- 
tion of Italy and Nevada, the beauties 
of Como with the atmosphere of 
Tahoe, is a beautiful sheet of purest 
water, crowning a summit of the 
AUeghenies two thousand two hun- 
dred feet above the sea. 

EASTON, Pa. 
A wealthy manufacturing cit}',,, 
nestling among the high hills, at thej 
confluence of the Lehigh and Delar 
ware rivers. It is a well built and 
lively town, with a population of 
14,481 and ■ extensive iron -works, 
mills, distilleries etc. 

70 



ERIE, Pa. 

Its harbor is, indeed, one of the 
best on Lake Erie, formed by; what 
was once a long, narrow peninsula, 
and is now an island. The bar at 
the mouth has been dredged away 
so as to afford a good channel; Erie 
is a United States naval station. 
Hither come vast fleets laden with 
Michigan ii'on and Canadian lumber, 
and carrjdng westward cargoes of 
coal, making the population, of now 
40,634, very prosperous. The Soldier's 
and Sailor's Home, established in 
1885, occupies the former Marine 
Hospital and several new buildings. 
Erie is the station and winter- 
quarters of the U. S. Steamer 
Michigan, one of the U. S. naval 
vessels on the chain of Great Lakes. 
Reached by the Pennsylvania R. R. 

Agents of the North German Lloyd : 

H. C. Allen, 920 State St., Erie Pa. 

F. Schlaudecker, 1118 State St., 
Erie Pa. 



FRIEDENSVILLE, Pa. 

Near Allentown, noted for its 
immense Zinc Mines, having the 
largest stationary engine in the 
world, called "The President", and 
with its 16 boilers amounting to 
5,000 horse-power. It has the 
largest nut in the world, weighing 
1,600 tons, and taking 20 men to 
tighten it and a wrench 20 ft. long. 

HARRISBURG, Pa. 

The Capital of Pennsylvania, 105 
mis. from Philadelphia pleasantly 
situated on the east bank of the 
Susquehanna, here 1 mile wide and 
spanned by 4 bridges. It is hand- 
somely built, and surrounded by 
magnificent scenery. The State 
Capitol, a dignified, comfortable and 
rather quaint structure, dates from 
1819—22. 

Reached by the P. R. R.; Ph. & R. 
Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
/. D. Cameron, Ad. Ex. Co., 214 
Briggs St., Harrisburg, Pa. 

F. W. Liesmann, 534 Race St., 
Harrisburg Pa. 

R7 



LANCASTER, Pa. 

69 mis. from Philadelphia, in a re- 
markably lich farming countr)r, called 
"the Garden of America", near 
Conestoga Creek. It is a quaint and 
compact city, built mainly of brick, 
and was for many years the largest 
inland town of the United States. 
The city has 32,011 inh. and con- 
tains many handsome buildings. Lan- 
caster is the seat of several re- 
markable educational institutions. 

Railroads: Pennsylvania R. R. 
Philadelphia & Reading. 

LAWRENCEVILLE. 
Like the South Side, has a large 
number of mills and work shops, 
extending from Fourteenth street to 
the Sharpsburg bridge. 

MANCH CHUNK, Pa. 

90 mis. from Philadelphia, in the 
very heart of the Pennsylvania coal- 
region and in the midst of some of 
the wildest and most picturesque 
scenery in America, a lively vUlage of 
4,000 inh. on the Lehigh river, 
very much frequented by travelers. 

Railroads : Central of New Jersey ; 
Lehigh Valley. 

MOUNT POCONO, Pa. 

Mount Pocono is located on the 
summit of the range, and has become 
a popular summer resort. 

The air is fx-esh and stimulating, 
as it sweeps over the pine - clad 
heights. 

NORRISTOWN, Pa. 
A pleasant educational andmanufac- 
turing county-town of 19,791 inh., 
on the Schuylkill river, 16 miles 
from Philadelphia. It is handsomely 
built, has a fine marble Court-House, 
several beautiful school- buildings 
and important manufactories. 

Railroads: Pennsylvania R. R.; 
Philadelphia & Reading. 

OIL CITY, Pa. 
The center of the Oil Region of 
Pennsylvania, 132 mis. from Pitts- 
burg, on the Alleghanjr River, where 
the Oil Creek empties into it. It 
had a population of 10,982 in 1890. 

1 17* 



PHILADELPHIA, Pa. 
(see page 374). 

PITTSBURG AND ALLEGHENY, 

The second largest city of the State 
of Penns5'lvania 444 miles from New 
York and 354 froni Philadelphia, 
is situated where two rivers, the 
Monongahela and the Allegheny 
unite and form the Ohio. Pitts- 
bm-g is on the peninsula between 
the two rivers and south from the 
Monongahela; north of the Allegheny 
is the sister city, Allegheny. Both 
together have a population of about 
350,000. 

Railroad Depots. Baltimoi^e and 
Ohio at Smithtield and Water Streets. 

The Depot on Federal street in 
Allegheny is used by the PHisbtirg, 
Ft. Wayne & Chicago R. R, and 
the West Penn. 

Corner Eleventh and Liberty 
Streets is the Union Station used by 
the Pennsylvania R. R., Erie & 
Pittsburg, Cleveland & Pittsburg. 

Pittsburg & Lake Erie has its 
depots at Carson street and Smith- 
field Street bridge, south side. 

In addition to electric and ca.ble 
cars, which run through all the im- 
portant streets, Pittsburg possesses 
a speciality: "the inclines", by means 
of which the top of the high hills, 
is reached, which suiTOund the city, 
and whence picturesque views can 
be obtained. Fai-e 5 cents. 

Carriages, four persons, first hour 
S 1,50; each additional hour $ 1,00. 

Coupes two persons, first hour 
$ 1,00; each additional hour 50 cents. 

PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS. 

Post Office; Smithfield street. 
Third and Fourth avenue; contains 
also Custom House and Pension 
Office. 

Couit House and Jail Grant 
street. Fifth avenue. 

Municipal Hall, Smithfield street 
and Virgin Alley. 

Agents of the North Gennan Lloyd : 

J. F, Erny, Cashier Germ. Sav. & 
Dep. Bank, Pittsburg S. S. Pa. 

Lotiis Moeser, 616 Smithfield St., 
Pittsburg Pa. 

Max Schambe7'g8c Co., 527 Smith- 
field St., Pittsburg Pa. 



POTTSVILLE, Pa. 

The great shipping-point of Schuyl- 
kill-coal on the Schuylkill river, sit- 
uated upon the edge of the great 
Schuylkill coal basin, producing 
yearly about 9,000,000 tons. This 
enormous product is conveyed to 
market by the Reading R. R. and 
the Schuylkill Canal. The city was 
founded in 1825, but had in 1890 
14,117 inh. 

Railroads : Philadelphia & Read- 
ing; Pennsylvania R. R. 

READING, Pa. 

A 'compact city of over 60,000 inh. 
of German ongm, 58 mis. from 
Philadelphia, in the narrow plain 
between the Schuylkill river and 
Penn's Mount. It is very flourishing 
in manufactures, especially immense 
repau'-shops, furnaces, rolling mills, 
and brass and steel-works, and has 
a profitable trade with the i4ch 
farming lands of Berks Coimt)'. The 
inhabitants are mostly „Pennsylvania 
Dutch", speaking a dialect forming 
a conoiomeration of English, German 
and Dutch. 

Railroads: Pennsylvania R. R ; 
Philadelphia & Readmg. 

Agents of the North German Lloyd : 

Jos. A. Allgaier, 511 Penn St., 
Reading Pa. 

Wm. Rosenthal, Reading Pa. 

SCRANTON, Pa. 

A sombre and prosperous manufac- 
tdring city, founded in 1840, on a 
plateau near the Lackawanna River, 
where Roaring Broak empties into 
it. It has a population of 75,215, 
being by this the fourth largest city 
in Pennsylvania. Its importance is 
due to its situation in the most 
northern of the large anthracite 
basins, to its immense iron works 
and manufactories of every kind, 
and to its railroad facilities. Seranton 
produces yearly 8,500.000 tons of 
coal. 

Railroads: Central of New Jersey 
R. R. 

Agent of the North German Lloyd : 

W. F. Kiesel, 515 Lackawana Ave. 
Scranlon Pa. 



372 



TITUSVILLE, Pa. 
The largest place in the Oil Region, 
149 mis. from Pittsbiu-g, owing its 
rapid growth and prosperity mainly 
to the oil-wells in the vicinity. It 
has a population of about 10,000. 

WILKESBARRE, Pa. 

One of the largest and finest cities 
in Pennsylvania IM mis. from 
Philadelphia. It has 37,718 inh., 
wealthy by the immense coal-trade 
of this place. It produces 7,500,000 
tons of coal a }^ear. A small steamer 
runs on the Susquehanna toNauticoke, 
affording fine views of the lower 
valley. 

Railroads: Central of New Jersey; 
Leghih Valley; Pennsylvania R. R. 

Agents of the North German Lloyd . 

J. C. Bell, Cashier Wilkesbarre 
Dep & Sav. Bk., Wilkesbarre' Pa. 

WILLIAMSPORT, Pa. 

One of the largest cities in Penn- 
sylvania, center here of the limiber 
trade. It has 30,000 inh. and is 
picturesquely situated on the west 
branch of the Susquehanna, 198 mis. 
from Philadelphia. 

Railroads : Philadelphia & Read- 
ing; Pennsylvania R. R. 

WISSAHICKON HEIGHTS, Pa. 

11 mis. from Broad Street 
Station in Philadelphia, on the 
Germantown & Chestnut Hill Branch 



of the Pennsylvania R. R., one of 
the pleasant inns which are becom- 
ing such a feature of Philadelphia 
suburban life, named "The Wissa- 
hickon." 

It is in high favor with the best 
elements of Philadelphia society, and 
there is always a distinguished 
company assembled within its cheer- 
ful walls. 

The Inn is open during the entire 
year. 

WYOMING VALLEY, Pa. 

One of the most picturesque and 
interesting regions of Eastern Penn- 
sylvania, formed by 2 parallel ranges 
of mountains, averaging 900 feet in 
height, and traversed by the 
Susquehanna River, which enters its 
upper end through a bold mountain- 
pass known as the Lackawanna Gap, 
passing out of its lower end through 
another opening in the same moun- 
tain called Nauticoke Gap. Wyom- 
ing Falls is a rapid worth seeing 
near the center of the valley. 

YORK, Pa. 

18 mis. from Harrisburg, with its 
7 bridges over the Codorus, 72 
schools, 35 churches, and costly 
public buildings, is the manufacturing 
and commercial center of one of the 
richest agricultural regions in Amer- 
ica.- It has 20,793 inh. 

Railroad: Pennsylvania R. R. 



373 



PHILADELPHIA. 



RAILROAD DEPOTS: 

Baltimore and Ohio Station corner 
of Chestnut and 24 th. Streets for 
Washington and the West. 

Broad Street Station at Broad 
and Market Streets for the trains of 
the Pennsylvania R. R. 

Philadelphia axi^Jieading Terminal 
at 12 th. and Market Streets, is used 
also by the Lehigh Valley. 

Other Depot Entrances. Besides 
the three magnificent edifices noted, 
there are other depots for railroad 
entrance. Among them are those of 
the North Pennsylvania Railroad 
(Philadelphia and Reading System) 
at Third and Berks Streets; Kens- 
ington; Market Street ferry for the 



many New Jersey branches of the 
Pennsylvania Railroad System, and 
Chestnut and South Street ferries 
for the Atlantic City Railroad 
(Philadelphia and Reading System). 
Third and Berks and Kensington 
depots, however, are but little used, 
because the major part of the 
business has been transferred to 
12 th. and Market and Broad and 
Market depots respectively. They 
are, moreover, remote from the 
center of the city, and offer few con- 
veniences for travelers. 

Ferries. Opposite Philadelphia on 
the Delaware River, is Camden City. 
Ferry boats ply constantly between 
the two places. Their points of 
departure are the following: 



Cramer's Hill 

Gloucester 
Kaighn's Point 

West Jersey 

Camden and Philadelphia 

Camden and Atlantic 

Shackamaxon Street 

Bristol 



Philadelphia : 
Otis Street wharf 
South Street 
South Street 
Pier 7, South wharves 
Market Street 
Market Street 
Vine Street 
Shackamaxon Street 
Bristol 



Camden : 

Cramer's Hill 
Gloucester City 
Kaighn's Point 
Kaighn's Point 
Market Street 
FedersJ Street 
Wood Street 
Wood Street 
Burlington 



HANSOMS & CABS: 

Two wheeled vehicles by the trip, 
one or two persons, 25 cents lor 
one mile and one-half or less. One 
mile and one-half are fifteen squares. 
By the hour 65 cents. Four wheeled 
vehicles 40 cents for one mile and 
one-half and 75 cents by the hour. 
Each trunk pays 25 cents. 



HOTELS : 

There £ire many hotels in the city 
worth its largeness and . general 
refined appearance 

The Lafayette Hotel is one of 
the largest and best Hotels in 
the city, it fronts on Broad 
Street ane extends from Chest- 
nut to Sansome St. Its situation 



374 



PHILADELPH 




SDBQnDSH 



iicz3erMO[iiii^l2jML!! 



unnnnDDDnnnna 



QuunQcaaani. 
rjnapaanciDnQH 
inHaQanHDDDHa 










Hotel . . . 



LOUIS H. SMITH, 
Proprietor. 



afayette 




BROAD AND CHESTNUT Streets, 



PHILADELPHIA. 




Three minutes' walk from 
the railway stations 

EUROPEAIf 

PLAN ONLY 



350 Rooms; $1,00 a day 
and upwards. 

FAMOUS CUISINE 

PERFECT SERVIC 



CABLE ADDRESS 
'lAPAYETTE, PHILADELPHIA.' 



LONG-DISTANCE 
TELEPHONE NO. 6317 

T IS BEYOND DISPUTE that 

the location of HOTEL 

' f^LAFAYETTE is not merely un- 

= ni jsurpassed, but is unequaled, 

Jjin Philadelphia. It is nearer 




,_^ ladelphia. It is nearer 

=j=Jn| he great railroad stations than 
J-^y vny hotel in the city ; it is upon 
'Lhe promenade side of Broad 

jy^-Street, one of the world's finest 

li~boulevards; aad it is absolutely _ . - — - 

^Jicentral for all purposes, whether XHE NEIGHBORHOOD 

LjJOlJf business or amusement. 

HE LAPAY'ETTE is nearer more theaters ; is nearer the great business houses 
I j]|| and retail shops, is nearer more offices and professional men; is nearer the 

' iiJbourts and schools and colleges of Philadelphia, and is more largely patronized 
;3|^by lawyers, politicians, business men. and the IraTOling public than is any hotel 
'^ south of New Y'ork City. 



CHAS. W. SOULAS' 

FAAOaS REStfiURfiNT 

AND RaThs-Kellei^ .'. 




/^\ 



^'\V 



s^? 



T ^^^ 



> 1 

IS J 



^1 



>tt 












i\-i 







ALL PERSONS VISITING PHILADELPHIA SHOULD VISIT THIS 
FAMOUS PLACE AND VIEW ITS WORKS OF ART 



117 



All the Leading American and European Newspapers on File 



The City Directory of London, Paris, Berlin, Vienaa, Stuttgardt, and 
all the principal cities of United States, kept here for public use. 



The following Imported Beer on Draught: 

WUKZBURGER, PILSNER, COBURGER, MUNCHENER, 

ERLANGER, and PSCHORR BRAU. 

Cuisine Unexcelled. 



is an excellent one. The Hotel is 
highly recommendable for its good 
service and fine cuisine and artistic 
outfit 

"The Lorraine" is situated on a 
one-hundred and fifty feet wide 
Plaza, formed by the junction oi 
Broad Street, Ridge and Fak-mount 
Avenues, and at the southern 
termmus of the beautiful residence 
portion of North Broad Street; cor- 
venient to all points of interest, 
within a short distance of City Hall, 
and both Pennsylvania and Reading 
]rt.ailroad Stations. For the conve- 
nience of ^ests a special storeroom 
for bicydes is provided. _ Five 
churches of different denominations 
are within five minutes walk. The 
Hotel has a frontage of one-hiondred 
and some feet on Broad St., and 
one-hundred and some feet on 
Fairmount Ave. It is eleven sto- 
ries high of a brilliant architecture. 
The greatest precaution has been 
taken to make it thoroughly fire- 
proof. 

The interior is splendidly appointed 
and offers every comfort imaginable. 
One of the main features of the 
interior of the house is the location 
of the Dining Rooms on the tenth 
floor, from which can be seen a 
grand panorama of the surrounding 
city. The Cafe, auditorium and 
dining room for private parties 
are on the same floor, and are fitted 
up in an' elaborate manner, be' ig 
cheery, light and airy. "The Lorraine" 
is conducted on the American plan; 
transient rates three Dollars per day 
and upwards. Apartments furnished 
or unfurnished by year or month. 

"Green's Hotel", Chestnut and 
Eighth Streets, is situated in the 
heart of the chief business and 
other interests of Philiadelphia, one 
square from the post office. It is a 



occupymg 



substantial brick edifice 
about one-hundred and twenty 'feet 
0:1 Chestnut Street and one-hundred 
and seventy-five feet on Eighth Street. 
The office, cafe and restaurant are 
on the ground floor. Artistic fres- 
coing and flowers adorn all these 
apartments and the guest chambers, 
of which there are 250 at $ 1,00 and 
$ 1,50 per day. The restaurant is 
liberally conducted on the European 



plan with efficient sei-vice and 
popular prices. Both transient and 
permanent guests are assured of a 
cordial welcome and hospitable enter- 
taimnent. 

RESTAURANTS. 

The city is well supplied with 
restaurants of all sorts and for all 
purposes. The most prominent ones 
are the following: 

Charles W. Soulas' Rathskeller 
and Restaurant. — This famous place 
is on the ground floor of the Betz 
Building, on the east side of Broad 
Street above Chestnut, and opposite 
City Hall. In many respects this 
establishment has no equal in the 
country; there are three separate 
styles of apartments exclusive of the 
Rathskeller: One, magnificently de- 
corated and furnished, is exclusively 
for the use of ladies, or ladies with 
gentlemen escorts; gentlemen alone 
are excluded from this apartment. 
Attached is a sumptously fitted toilet 
room with a lady's maid in atten- 
dance, to mend rents in dresses or 
other apparel and to attend to other 
wants of the lady patrons. A second 
restaurant is for gentlemen where 
no smoking is allowed, and a third 
where lovers of the weed may enjoy 
themselves. Here is also a reading 
room where files of a;ll the priacipal 
newspapers of this country and 
Europe are kept. The Rathskeller 
is patterned after similar concerns 
in Germany. Table d'hote is served 
from 12 to 3 o'clock for 50 cents. 

Boarding and furnished rooms 
are similar to those in New York as 
described. 

Theatres and Maces 0/ amuse' 
ments. Philadelphia possesses over 
twenty theatres besides numerous 
halls for concerts and lectures. The 
rates charged are usually $1,50 for 
a seat in the orchestra. As the 
greatest part of thefloating population 
resides between Broad and 7 th and 
Arch and Spruce streets the greater 
number of the better theatres are 
within this area. The most notable 
are the Academy of Music, Broad 
Street Theatre, Chestnut St. Ohera 
House, Chestnut Street Theatre, 
and the Watnut Street Theatre. 



377 



In the northern part of the citj' 
the best ai^e the Grand Opera 
House, the Park, the Gerard Avenue 
Theatre. 

Amoiigr the attractions of the city 
a\e the Zoological Garden, situated 
i)i Faumount Park. It is reached 
by the Peunsj'lvania Railroad from 
Broad Street station or by street 
cars. It is the largest collection of 
animals in America. The Garden 
is open every day and well worth a 
visit. 

HOW TO SEE THE CITY: 

Starting at Chestnut Street up 
Broad street the visitor should pass 
around City Hall and enter again 
Broad Street on the North side of 
City Hall. Corner Broad and Filbert 
Streets is the Masonic Temple. A'ext 
to it, the Arch Street Methodist 
Episcopal Cktirch, on the west side, 
the Evangelical, Lzitheran and 
Baptist and the Academy of Fine 
Arts. Opposite the Fine Aa-ts 
building is a magnificent Odd 
Fellows Temple. PassingRace Street, 
we come to the Hahnemann Medical 
College; corner Broad $l Vine 
Streets is the Catholic Hi^h School, 
corner Callowhill street is the First 
Regiments Armory; on the west 
side through Springgarden street are 
the well known Batdivin Locomotive 
Works; at the northeast corner, the 
Spring Garden Instititte, on the 
west side, the Public High School 
is situated. Above the Spring Garden 
Institute is the boys Central High 
School and School of Pedagogy. 
Then follows another block of church 



edifices of which, the Jewish Tab- 
ernacle is architecturall)'^ the finest. 
At the corner of Fairmount Avenue is 
the Park Theatre. From Gerard 
Avenue to Berks Street are many 
magnificent private residences. Above 
Jefferson Street is the new Mer- 
cantile Club. This is one of the most 
striking buildings on Noth Broad 
Street. At the northwest corner 
of Broad and Oxford Streets is the 
Cohttnbia Club, between Cohunbia 
Avenue and Berks Street on the west 
side, the Grand Opera Hotise and 
a number of churches. Opposite is 
Monum.ent Cemetery. North, on 
Broad Street beyond Herks there 
is nothing of particular interest. We 
retrace our steps to Columbia Avenue 
and take a car westward to East 
Fairmomit Park. 

Fairmomit Park covers 2,800 acres. 
It is the largest pleasui'e ground of 
Philadelphia. 

Returning to Broad .street we go 
South. Between Chestnut and Pine 
are some of the finest hotels. Corner 
of Samson Street is the Union 
League Club, the Art Club is 220 So. 
Broad Street, the Acadetny of Music 
is at the corner of Locust Street. 
The Broad Street Theatre opposite. 

West Walnut Street and vicinity 
is a very aristocratic quarter with 
many fine residences well worth 
seeing. Corner of Chestnut Street 
and Aspui the beautiful First Unita- 
rian Church, on the other corner, 
tJae Second Reformed church. Close 
by is one of the finest church edificees 
in the city, the Church of New 
Jerusalem. Passmg down • 22 nd 



Hotel Lorraine 

TVorth Broad. St. and Fairmont A.ve. 

Philadelphia. 

American Plan. * Rates Doll. 3,50 and upwards. 
ALL MODERN IMPROVEMENTS. 

SEVEN MINUTES FROM RAILROAD STATIONS 

108 Absolutly Fire Proof. 

John J. Shanfelter, Manager. 

378 



Street- to Walnut Street the north- 
west corner is occupied by the Church 
of St. James. At 19 th Street and 
Walnut is the famous Wilstach House. 
Opposite this house is the Church 
of the Holy Trinity. We have now 
reached Rittenhouse Square with 
the Bronze group of the Lion and 
the Serpent; on the north side of 
the Rittenhouse Club. 

West Spruce Street is inhabited 
by some of the wealthiest families 
of the city. 

The most notable part of Locust 
Street is known as the Harrison 
Block, between 17 th and 18 th streets. 
A striking feature is the gardens 
in the_rear of the block. 

East Chestnut Street is the shopping 
district of the city but many public 
buildings are also situated here. On 
Chestnut below Broad is the Mint; 
at 9th and Chestnut the Post Office; 
at 6 th street Congress Hall; between 
6 th and 5 th streets Inaepedence 
Hall; 5 th and Chestnut Sinnott Hall; 
5 th below Chestnut the American 
Philosophical Society; Chestnut, 
between 4th and 5th Streets, the 
Ctistom. House; between 4th and 
South Streets, Carpenter's Hall. 

There are some of the sky scrap- 
ing type of buLldings to be found. 
One of the most conspicous is the 



Beis Building on Broad Street near 
Chestnut; adjoining the same is the 
Gerard Building. "The finest group 
of buildings is on the north side of 
Chestnut Street from 9 th to 10 th 
Street. Here are the Post Office, 
the Record, the Mutual Life, the 
Penn Mutual, the City Trust Company. 
Between 3rd and 10 th streets are 
most of the bank, insurance and 
trust institutions and associations. 
The most widely known is the Drexel 
Building, corner 5 th and Chestnut 
Streets. Visitors are admitted to 
the roof of the Drexel Building every 
week-day between nine and four 
o'clock. 

GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS: 

East, on Chestnut Street near Broad 
Street is the Mint. This is one oi 
the city's great attractions. Visitors 
are admitted daUy, except Sundays, 
from 9 to 12, and are escorted 
through the building free of charge 
by attendants. 

The Post Office stands at the 
northwest comer of 9 th and Chest- 
nut Street. The building is surmount- 
ed by a dome 170 feet high. The 
edifice cost $8,000,000. It contains 
the United .Slates Com-ts, the Coast 
and geological survey and at the 
top, occupving the dome and part 



GREEN'S HOTEL, 



8 th and Chestnut Streets, 
Philadelphia, Pa. 

Most centrally located; in 
the very heart of tho 
shopping district of the 
city; one square from 
Post Office, near all the 
principal Theatres and 
main Railway Stations 
Public Buildings and all 
places of interest. 

* * * 

For Ladies and 
Gentlemen . . . 

European Plan. 

* * * 107 

Electric Light, Baths and 
all Modern Conveniences. 

350 ftooms, from Doli. 1.00 to Doll. 1.50 ppr day. 

MAHLON W. NEWTON, Proprietor. Finest Restaurant in City. 

379 




of the roof, is the Signal Service 
Bureau. 

On Chestnut Street, between 4 th 
and 5 th, is a white marble building 
approached by a lono- flight of steps, 
lliis is the United States Ctistom 
Iloitse. 

The United States Treasury is in 
the same building, which fronts also 
on Library Street- 

From the Custom House visitors 
may vdsit the Frankfort Arsejtal 
which is situated upon Tacony Road 
and Bridge Street. The grounds 
contain many curiosities. Ihe Ar-- 
senal was established in l816. 

At Grace Ferry Road is an other 
Ai'senal. The Schuylkill Arsenal. 
The Collection of Wax Figtires, 
clothed in the various uniforms used 
from Colonial times till to-day, is 
interesting. 

On the Grace Ferry Road, corner 
of Baimbridge Street, is the United 
States Naval Asylum. 

The Navy Yard is situated on 
League Island (worth visiting). To 
reach it, take the Broad Street Om- 
nibus south, as far as it goes. From 
this point other onmibuses are 
running at regular intervals to 
League Island. 

PRISONS : 

The Eastern Penitentiary on 

FairmountAvenuebetweenCorinthian 
Avenue, 22nd and Brown Streets. 
Tickets may be obtained from the 
inspectors. 

The County Prison is on Passyunk 
Avenue near 10th Street. Permits 
may be obtained from the Mayor's 
Office. 

The House of Refuge has two 
locations, one between Parrish and 
Poplar streets, i.nd 22nd and 23rd 
Streets; and the other at Glen Mills, 
one for girls, the other for boys. ' 

The Ho7ise of Correction is on 
the Ihie of the Pennsylvania Railroad 
on the Delaware River. 

The New County Prison is opposite 
the House of Correction. It can \ 
u(;commodate some 2,000 prisoners. 

The Morgue is at 707 Wood 
Street. 

The Alms House is on the west 
side of the Schuylkill River. Visitors 



are admitted by ticket from, any 
member of the Board of Charities. 
The Lazaretto or Quarantine 
Station is on Tinicum Island, in the 
Delaware River. 

Among the historic buildings 
Independence Hall is the principal 
one. The East Room, on the first 
floor, is the one in which the De- 
.claration of Independence was signed. 
The pictures of the signers of the 
Act of Independence hang upon the 
waUs. The Liberty Bell is displayed 
here in a glass case and quairtered 
oak. The Western Room is used as 
a National Museum. The second 
story is occupied by the Sons of the 
Revolutions rooms. Admission to 
all parts of Independence Hall is 
free from nine tdl three o'clock. 
The HaU in which Washington was 
inaugurated President in 1793 for a 
second term is Congress Hall. Con- 
gi-ess Hall is at 6 th and Chestnut 
Streets. 

The old Supreme Court House 
was built in 1791. While the Federal 
Government was in Philadelphia the 
Supreme Cotut of the United States 
held its sessions here. 

On Arch street near 3rd, is the 
Betsy Ross House, Betsy Ross con- 
ceived the American Flag. 

AU these buildings are owned by 
the governuKMit. but there are othe- 
historic buildings in private hands 
among them bemg the Chew House, 
in Germantown. This building is 
famous from the part it played in 
the Battle of Germantown in 1777. 
The first Continental Congress was 
held in Carpenter's Hall. This 
building is regarded with nearly the 
same amount of veneration as In- 
dependence Hall. It is open to visi- 
tors. 

Franklin s Burial Place. Benja- 
min Franklin was buried in 1719 in^ 
Christ Chm-ch Burying ground at 
Ar-ch and 5th Sti-eets. The Free 
Quaker Meeting House. In 1858 a 
portion of the wall surrounding the 
yard was torn away to enable pass- 
ersby to see the tombstones of the 
famous man and his wife. 

Industrial enterprises of the great- 
est interest are the following: — 
Cramps Ship Yards. The yards 



380 




122 



tetson Hats 

Stiff and Soft Felt Hats that are 

standards 

for style and foremost for quality. 

Sold by the leading hatters of America and 
foreign countries. 

The Stetson factory is the largest in the 
■world devoted to the manufacture of hish- 
class hats. 

n B. Stetson Company 

Philadelphia, U. S. A. 
Retail Department: 1108 Chestnut St., Philadelphia. 



aie at JbJeach and Palmer Streets. 
In the 64 )'ears of its existence 
nearly 300 ships have been added 
to the conameicial marine by the 
Cramps. Visitors are not admitted 
to the yards except on an order 
from the company, which has offices 
at Beach and Broad streets. 

Stetson Hats: These are among the 
most famous ol" Philadelphia's manu- 
factured products , stiff and soft felt 
hats known not only throughtout the 
United States but . in the various 
countries of Europe and South 
America, in South Africa, Mexico, 
Austraiia-wherever hats are known. 

The factory, at Fourth Street and 
Montgomery Avenue, Philadelphia, 
covers an entire triangular block, 
has 275,000 square feet of flooi 
space and employs about 1,000 oper- 
ators. About 50,000 dozen fine hats 
per year is the output. 

This important industry is oper- 
ated by the John E, Stetson Comp- 
any, of which Theodore C. Search, 
President of the National Association 
of Manufactui-ers, is General Manager. 



One great factor m the success of 
the Stetson works is the interest 
manifested in the employees by the 
management. Many means have 
been provided for their improvement 
along all lines. 

In connection with the works are 
the Union Mission Hospital and Free 
Dispensary, the Union Mission, a 
library and reading room, building 
association, saving fund, beneficial 
association, classes for study and 
gymnasium, all in a flom-ishing con- 
dition and doing an excellent work. 

H. Roelofs & Co. are represent- 
atives^ of the stiff hat industry. 
Their mammoth establishment is 
located at Brown and 12th Street 
and consist to day of a six-story 
factory and six-story addition almost 
as large as the original structure. 
The history of H. Roelofs & Co. is 
the modern history of the ini])rovcd 
pressed hat by hydraulic pressm-e. 
A visit to the facto; y is highl}' inter- 
esting. The products of tlie iirm are 
widely kno-rni and much appreciated 
all over the world. 



381 



The Midvale Steel Works are near 
Wayne Junction. Here the torpedoes 
for the navy ai^e manufactured. 

Disston's Saw Works are at 
Takony and employ about 2,000 
men. 

Baldwin Locomotive Works. The 
main offices are at 500 No. Broad 
Street. 

Brewerytown is that section of 
tlie city in which are some of the 
largest beer brewing companies. 
This quarter is in the neighborhood 
of Thompson & Jefferson between 
31st and 33rd streets. 

OTHER BUILD.WGS. 

The principal commercial build- 
uigs are : 

The Bourse between Fourth and 
FifthStrects, andMarket andChestnut. 
It is an ornate structure, 350 feet in 
length, 10 stories high and cost 
51,500,00. The buildmg is one of the 
most complete structmes of the kind 
in the world. 

The Trades' LeagiieaX^'i>\0!x^%i-ayx.i 
Street is devoted to furthering the 
best interests of Philadelphia. It is 
of great benefit to visiting business 
men. 

The Board of Trade, in the 
Drexel Building is of special interest 
for out of town business men. 



The Commercial Exchange has for 

its object the development of the 
trade and commerce of the port of 
Philadelphia. Its quarters sire at 
133 South Second Street. 

TheMaritijne Exchange on Second 
Street, between Walnut and Chestnut 
Streets,give3all maritime information. 
It maintains watch stations at the 
Delaware breakwater, 103 miles from 
Philadelphia; at New Castle Del., 
33 mUes, and Thurlow, Pa., 17 miles 
below the city. 

The Builders Exchange is an 

ornate building on Seventh Street 
above Chestnut. It is the meeting 
place of the following trade associa- 
tion: The Lumberman's Exchange; 
The Stonecutters Association; Ihe 
Bricklayers' Company; The Master 
Carpenters; The Builders' Company; 
The Master Plasterers' Association; 
Planing Mill Association; Master 
Painters' Association, and Metal 
Roofers' Association. In addition 
there is a mechanical Trades School, 
well v/orth a visit. Admission is free 
daily from 8 a. m. to 5 p. m. 

There are more than 80 Banking 
institutions in Philadelphia; of these 
more than 40 are National banks. 
All these institutions occupy magnif- 
icent buildings. 



THG 

AAGRICAN mPRoVeD 

PRGSSeD HATS 

Registered May 4, 1891. 



Manufactured solely by 

HENRY H. ROELOFS 
& CO. 

PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
U.S.A. 



3£ 



Are for Sale by all the 
principal Retail Hatters. 



832 



The oldest Bank in the city is the 
Philadelphia National Bank, 421 
Chestnut Street. Its_ offices are a 
feature worth examining. 

The oldest Bank in America is the 
Bank of North America, founded 
in 1781, which on the close of the 
revolution became the financial agent 
of the Government. The splendid 
edifice is on Chestnut Street, near 
Third. 

One of the finest building of its 
kind is occupied by the National 
Bank of the Republic 313 Chestnut 
Street. 

Another most magnificent structure, 
is the building, in which is housed 
the Union Trzist Company, 715 to 
719 Chestnut Street. 

At 927 Chestnut Street are the 
elegant quarters of the City Trust, 
Safe Deposit and Szirety Company. 

Philadelphia possesses also the 
oldest fire insurance company in 
America. This is the Philadelphia 
Cojttribtitoj'-ship, founded in 1752. 
Its building is on South Fourth 
Streets, below Walnut. 

The Pen7i Mtitual is quartered in 
a fine building on Chestnut Street 
between Ninth and Tenth. 

The Mtitttal Life has a branch 
also in Philadelphia and occupies a 
stately edifice on the north west 
Comer of Chestnut and Tenth Streets. 

OUT OF TOWN EXCURSIONS. , 

Philadelphia is situated on two 
rivers : the Delaware and the Schuyl- 
kill. The Delaware divides Pennsyl- 
vania from New Jersey; The Schuylkill 
divides Philadelphia into two parts 
and runs into the Delaware. The 
Schuylkill is navigable by moderate 
sized vessels and for a short distance 
only. The Delaware is a navigable 
stream for a distance oi som-e thirty 
miles, even above Philadelphia. 

Visitors should not fail to take a 
boat trip up the Delaware River. It 
may be done in a few hours' time 
and costs only a dollar. The place 
ol departirre is either Chestnut or 
Arch Street Wharf. The most 
prominent points of view on this 
excursion are Kensington, the milling 
district of Philadelphia. Here is the 



Penn Treaty Park, where William 
Penn made his treaty with the 
Indians. Bridgesburg comes next. 
It contams the United States Arsenal. 
Further above is Tacony, where the 
Tacony Iron and Metal Works and 
the Keystone Saw Works are located. 

Then the steamboat crosses to the 
New Jersey side and makes a stop 
at Riverton, a very attractive place 
on the'Delaware. Crosssing the river 
again, Torresdale is reached. Here 
is the "Forrest Home" , a retreat for 
aged actors. After Torresdale, the 
Delaware naiTOws perceptibly. Among 
the frequent stops, the boat makes, 
the most important is Beverly. Above 
Beverly the river widens again. 
Opposite Burlington Island, on the 
New Jersey side, is Btirlington dJxA 
on the Pennsylvania shoie, Bristol. 
Then we pass " The Manor of 
Pennsburg'', where Penn's country 
home was located. Florence Heights, 
on the New Jersey side, and beyond. 
White Hill in Pennsylvania follow. 
Bordentown is the next landing place 
of interest, because Joseph Bonaparte, 
Ex-King of Naples and Spain, lived 
here after his dethronement. Above 
Bordentown the visitor lands at 
Trenton, New Jersey' s State Capital. 
After a stroll through the pretty city 
the return trip may be made by the 
river or by train. Other pleasant 
excursions in summer may be made 
to the seaside resorts ; the best 
known of which is "Atlantic City" . 

Three railroad lines run to the 
famous pleasure resort and sanitarium: 
The Philadelphia Reading, The West 
Jersey and the Camden and Atlantic. 
Excursion tickets, good for ten days, 
cost $ 1,75. There ary many hotels. 
Theatres and Music Halls, and good 
drives and excursions to Longport. 
South Atlantic City, the Lighthouse 
and to Chelsea. Within easy reach 
of Philadelphia is Cape May. This 
seaside resort is located at the 
soul hern extremity of New Jersey, 
opposite Cape Henlopen. Between 
the two points the waters of the 
Delaware Bay enter the Atlantic. 
From Cape May may be visited: 
Cape May Lighthouse, Lake Lil ', 
Diamond Beach and Gold Spring. 
Cape May is connected wi;h Phila- 



383 



delphia by the South Jersey Raikoad. 
Two hour's ride. The excmsion fare 
is $ 2,15. By steamer five to six 
hours; fare $ 1,00. 

Ocean City is another seaside resort 
worth visiting. The place is situated 
on an island on the New Jersey- 
Coast. The West Jersey Railroad 
runs regular trains from Cape May. 
The distance from Philadelphia is 
77 miles, two hours and a quarter. 
Fare from Cape May $ 1,45 (excursion 
rates). 

Sea Isle City is a fine seaside 
resort on Ludlam's Island on the 
New Jersey coast. The West and 
the South Jersey Railroads connect 
the place with Philadelphia. 

The following is a list of Phila- 
delphia's Libraries. 



THE CITY'S FREE LIBRARIES 
are: 

No. 1. Montgomery Avenue and 
17 th Street. 

No. 2. Broad and Federal Streets. 

No. 3. Frankfort Avenue, below 
Norris Street. 

No. 4. Roxboro. 

No. 5. 40 th Street, below Ludlow 
Street. 

No. G. Main Street and Chelten 
Avenue. 

Free Library of Philadelphia, 1219 
Chestnut Street. 

Apprentices' Library, corner Fifth 
and Ash Streets. 

Athenaeum Library and Reading 
Room, Sixth and Adelphi Streets. 

Chestnut Hill Free Library in 
Christian Hall near Rex Avenue, 
on the Reading I'ike. 

Diston Library, 3700 'Longshore 
Street, Tacony. 

Friends Free Library, 5418 German- 
town Avenue. 

Friends Library Association, Six- 
teenth and Race Streets. 

Germantown Library, 5521 German- 
town Avenue. 

Hebrew Literature Society", 322 
Bainbridge Street. 

Hirst Free Law Library, 901 Drexel 
Building. 

Home Teaching and Free Circulating 
Library for the Blind, 701 Walnut 
Street. 



Law Association Library, 219 South 

Sixth Street. 
Lovett Memorial Library, German- 
town and Sedgwick Streets. 
Mercantile Library, 18 South 10 th 

Street. 
Philadelphia Library, Locust and 

Juniper Streets. 
Ridgway Library on Broad Street, 

between CarpciUcr and Chi-istian. 
Southwark Library, 765 South 

Second Street. 
Wilson's Circulating Library, 117 

Walnut Street. 

Besides the following educational 
institutions possess libraries: 
Academy of National Sciences, 19 tb 

and Race Streets. 
American Catholic Historical Society, 

219 South Sixth Street. 
American Philosophical Society, 104 

South Fifth Sir-i^ 
Drexel Institute, 33rd and Chestnut 

Streets. 
Franklin Institute, 15 South Seventh 

Street. 
Hahnemann College, Broad Street 

above Race. 
German Society, Spring Garden and 

Mai-shall Streets. 
Philadelphia Chapter of American 

Institute of Aixhitects, 411 Walnut 

Street. 
West Philadelphia Institute, 40 th and 

Ludlow Streets. 
New Church Book Association, 2129 

Chestnut Street. 
Odd Fellows' Hall Association, Broad 

and Cherry Streets. 
Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, 

Broad Street below Locust. 
Philadelphia City Institute, Chestnut 

and 18 th Streets. 
Seamen's and Landsmen's Aid 

Society, 322 South Front Street. 
Spring Garden Institute, Broad and 

Sprmg Garden Streets. 



MUSEUMS. 

Academy of Natural Sciences, 19 th 
and Race Streets, famous as being 
one of the finest of its kind on the 
new and old Continent. 

American Philosophical Society, 
Independence Sc^nare, Fifth Street, 
Visitors axe admitted on application. 



384 



Commercial.Educational and Econom- 
ic Museum, City Hall, North Side. 

Franklin Institute, 15 South West 
Street, for the mechanical arts. 

Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, 
Broad, below Locust St. 

Pennsylvania Museiim and School 
of Ind-ustrial Art. Museum in 
Memorial Hall, Centennial Grounds, 
Fahrmount Paik. 



Wagner Institute, Seventeenth St. 
and Montgomery Avenue, contains 
a tine Cabinet of Minerals. 

Mational Museum in Independence 
Hall. 

Agent of the North German Lloyd : 

Lotiis H. Meyer, 45 South Third 
St., Ptuladelplnk Pa. 



RHODK ISLAHD. 



The founder of Rhode Island was 
Roger Williams, a nonconformist 
minister from England, who migrated 
to Salem in 1631, and suffered banish- 
ment from there for his new and 
dangerous opinions. In June 1636, 
the found with five companions an 
eligible site on the Moshassuck River, 
which he named Providence. The 
first census of the Rhode Island colo- 
nies showed 7,181 in 1708. Rhode 
Island was the last of the thirteen 
original .States to accede to the 
Constitution of the United States. 

The pet name of the commonwealth 
is Little Rhody, an epithet indicating- 
its limited area, which comprises 
1250 square miles. 

In 1890 the population had grown 
to 345,506. Its manufactures are 
estimated at $104,163,621 yearly. 

NEWPORT, R. I. 

Ne-nqaort is prominently the most 
magnificent watering place in the 
westena hemisphere, and proudly it 
bears the distinction of being the 
selection of America's highest and 
most exclusive society. 

The city is laid out with great 
taste and has about 20,000 inh. 

PAWTUCICET, R. I. 
An important manufacturing center 



with 28,000 inhabitants. In 1790 
Samuel Slater introduced here the 
linen manufacture into the United 
States. The Slater-manufactor)'- is 
still there. 

PROVIDENCE, R. I. 

The metropolis and one of the 
State capitals situated on the Provi- 
dence River, where the Seekonk 
River enters the Providence. It has 
132,146 inhabitants. The manufactur- 
ing interests of the city are enorm- 
ous, the value of its cotton and 
woolen goods its steamengines, silv- 
erwares, iron etc. amounting to 
$ 75,000,000. 

The Union Railway Station is in 
the center of the city. 

Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
W. H. Church, 1 Wybosset St., 
Providence R. I. 

OUo Gerlach, 217 Broad St., Prov- 
idence R. I. 

Geo F. Leete, 114 Westminster St., 
Providence R. I. 

WOONSOCKET, R, I. 
A manufacturing town of 21,000 
inhabitants without any other except 
business attractions. Important ruUer 
industry. 



38() 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 



The first European adventurers, 
who reached the South Carolina 
shores were a group of Spanish 
slave-hunters from Hispaniola, who, 
in 1520, landed on St. Helena and 
claimed the country for Spain. In 
1523 Emperor Charles V. commissi- 
oned Vazguez de Agllon to conquer 
this land, but the expedition came 
to grief. In 1562 Ribault's vessels 
arrived on the coast with Huguenots, 
sent by Admiral Coligny. On the 
site of Beaufort they built the defences 
of Charles Fort, where 26 men stayed 
for a year. 

King Charles II. granted Carolina 
to the lords-proprietors in 1663 and 
seveii years later colonist founded 
on the Ashley River Charles Town. 

The cessation of the obnoxious 
Proprietary govemement, and the 
formal division of Carolina into North 
and South, occured in 1729. 

The Revolution became a bitter 
civil Vv^ar in South Carolina, but 
December 14th 1782 the Royal troops 
under Gen. Leslie finally evacuated 
Charleston. As soon as Lincoln was 
elected President, South Carolina 
called a convention, which declared 
that the Union between her and the 
other States was dissolved (Decem- 
ber 20th 1860). At one time South 
Carolina had 44,000 men in the 
Confederate army. 

The great earthquake in Charles- 
ton, August 31st 1886, destroyed 
S 5,000,000 in property, and many 
lives. 

The U. S. Census in 1890 gives 
a population of 1,151,149 to South 
Carolina, 458,454 of which are white 
and 692,695 colored. 



The area of State is 30,570 square 
miles. 

The pet name is The Palmetto 
State, from the palmetto tree on the 
seal of the commonwealth. 

CHARLESTON, S. C. 

From New York by steamer. The 
Clyde Line Steamers leave Pier 29, 
East River, Mondays, Wednesdays 
and Fridays at 3 P.M. Charleston 
is reached in about fifty hours. 

By rail with the trains of the 
Atlantic Coast Line in 22— 30 hours; 
ticket $ 21,55; sleeper $4,50. 

Hotels: Charleston, Meeting Street, 
% 3—4. St. Charles, Meeting Street 
% 2i/,-4. 

Cars through the principal streets, 
Stages to the Depots. 

Charleston has two theatres : Grand 
Opera House, Meeting Street and 
Academy of Music, King Street. 

The city has about 65,000 inhab- 
itants, of which more than one half 
is colored. It is the largest city of 
South Carolina and is situated 6 miles 
from the Atlantic Ocean at the con- 
fluence the Ashley and Cooper 
Rivers. 

Before the war it was the largest 
cotton harbor of America; Since 
which time large mines of excellent 
phosphate have been discovered near 
the Ashley river. Charleston is an 
important business center for wood, 
rice, fruits and industries. 

Agents of the North German Lloyd : 

F. Melchers, 11 Satte St., Charle- 
ston S. C. 

Wm. Roach & Sons, P. O. Box 
192, Chax-leston S. C. 



387 



COLUMBIA, S. C. 

The capital in the center of the 
State and the second largest city of 
South Carolina. 

It is a beautiful city, situated on 
the bluffs of the Congaree, a few 
miles below the charming falls of 
that river. It is famous for its 
delightfully wide shaded streets, its 
wonderful flower- gardens and the 
model plantations in its vicinity. 

GEORGETOWN, S. C. 
One of the oldest settlements in 
South Carolina, about 15 miles 
from the sea, on Winyaw Ba)^ near 
the junction of the Pedee, Black, 
and Waccamaw Rivers. Remarkable 
for its maritime commerce. 

Railroad: Georgetown & Western 
R. R. 

GREENVILLE, S. C. 
The third largest city of South 
Carolina, having a population of no 
less than 8,607. It is beautifully 
situated on the Reedy River, near- 
its source. 



The Table Mouniatn is in Pickens 
District, about 20 miles above Green- 
ville. It is one of the most remark- 
able of the natural wonders of the 
State, rising as it does 4,300 feet 
above the sea, with a long extent on 
one side of perpendicular cliffs, 1,000 
feet in height. 

Railroads: Richmond & Danville 
R. R. 

SPARTANBURG, S. C. 

One of the most important towns 
of South Carolina, 455 mis. from 
Washington, D. C, and 690 from 
New Orleans, having a population of 
5,544, pleasantly situated in the midst 
of a region famous for its gold and 
iron, and much resorted to in summer 
by people from Charleston and the 
lowlands. Near Spartanburg are the 
Glenn Springs, whose waters are 
strongly impregnated with sulphur, 
and recommended for rheumatism 
and dyspepsia; and the Limestone 
Spring, a chalybeate possessing 
valuable tonic properties. 

Railroad: Richmond & Danville 
R. R. 



388 



SOUTH DAKOTA. 



The name Dakota means "Allied" 
or joined together in friendly compact, 
and was applied to themselves by 
the great Indian nation popularly 
known as the Sioux. 

South Dakota is from 43<> to 46" 
North Latitude, and from 96" 20' to 
104" Western Longitude. 

The population of S. D. was in 
1880: 98,268 
1890 : 328,808. 



ABERDEEN, S. D. 
A town of some 3,200 inhab. on 
the James River, in the northern 
part of South Dakota. It has risen 
since J 880, and possesses railways 
radiating in seven directions, and 
giving it a large jobbing trade. 

DEADWOOD, S. D. 
A mining- town of South Dakota 
in the Black Hills, with a population 
of about 2,500. Deadwood is united 
to the East by thx-ee trunk railways, 
and has several narrow-gange lines, 
rimning to the mining camps of the 
Black Hills. The city is Y-scaped, 
WhUewood Gulch forming the trunk 
and one prong, and Deadwood Gulch 
forming the other prong of the Y. 
The close - built business streets 
follow these ravines, and above, on 



the hill - sides, are residences, 
commanding extensive views, as far 
as sun-crowned Ferry's Peak. 
Railroad: Deadwood Central. 

HOT SPRINGS, S. D. 
The chief health - resort of South 
Dakota, in the Blark Hills, 4,000 ft. 
above the sea. A large hotel and 
bath-houses accomodate visitors. For 
centuries this locality had been a 
favorite with Sioux and Cheyennes, 
who held on to it until 1882. The 
waters flow at a tempei'ature of 96", 
and are charged with electricity and 
minerals. 

HURON, S. D. 

A lively little town in South Dako- 
ta, on the James River, with some 
3,000 inhabitants. 

Railroad: Chicago & Northwestern. 

PIERRE, S. D. 

The capital of South Dakota on 
the Missouri River, stands at the 
geographical center of the State, 
near the site of old Forst Pierre 
named for Chouteau of St. Louis, 
one of the early fur traders. Pierre 
has a population of 3,235. 

Railroad: Chicago & North 
Western. 



389 



SIOUX FALLS, S. D. 

The metropolis of South Dakota 
on the Big Sioux River. It was laid 
out in 1857, and destroyed by the 
Sioux in 1862. In 1865 Fort Dakota 
arose here, on a military reseiT'ation 
6 mis. square; and when this was 
evacuated, in 1870, a new village 
sprang up, rising to 593 inhabitants 
in 1873. It is now the chief- and 
gate-city of the State, Math large 
factories and quaixies, a score of 
churches, and several colleges. The 
Big Sioux River, a tributary of the 
Missouri River, falls here 90 feet 
within half a mile, sparkling clear. 



and dominated by a beautiful island. 
It has now some 10,000 inhabitants, 
mostly busy in mines. 

Railroads: Burlington, Cedar 
Rapids & Northern; Chicago Mil- 
waukee «& St. Paul; Chicago, St. Paul 
& Minneapolis. 

VERMILLON, S. D. 
A village in South Dakota, on the 
Missouri, mostly interesting as the 
seat of the State University of South 
Dakota opened in 1872. 

Railroad: Chicago, Milwaukee & 
St. Paul. 



390 



TEIHESSEE. 



The landscape of Tennessee is 
most varied and agreeable, though 
none of the great natural wonders 
of the Republic lie within her bord- 
ers. Her mountain, valley, and river 
sceneiy is exceedingly beautiful, and 
will become famous as it becomes 
known. The central portion of the 
State, stretching from the mountains 
to the Tennessee River, has a broken 
surface, while beyond, towards the 
Mississippi, which forms the western 
boundarjr, the country is compara- 
tively level. 

Many valuable mineral products 
are found here-coal and iron in 
great abundance, and rich deposits 
of copper. Gold, too, has been 
detected, and silver, lead, zinc, man- 
ganese, magnetic-iron ore, gypsum 
of superior quality, and a great 
variety of beautiful marbles, slate, 
nitre, burrstones, and limestone. Salt 
and mineral springs, the latter of 
very valuable character, abound. 

Immense quantities of live stock 
are raised in Tennessee; more, in- 
deed, than in any other part of the 
Union. It is, too, a vast tobacco, 
cotton, and corn-growing region. 
Ths culture of hemp, buckwheat, rye, 
oats, barley, maple, sugar, and many 
other agricultural products occupy 
the industry and contribute to the 
wealth of the people. 

The geogi-aphical position of Ten- 
nessee is: northern Latitude from 
35 » to 36" 35', and western Long- 
itude from 81" 37' to 90" 15'. Its 
population was in 1860: 1,109,801, 
in 1890: 1,332,971; 434,300 of which 
are colored. 



CHATTANOOGA, Tenn. 

On the Tennessee River, in the 
southern part of the State, where its 
boundary is touched by Alabama 
and Georgia; It is an important 
port, being only 34 mis. farther from 
the Gulf of Mexico (by water), than 
Cincinnati. The Tennessee is navig- 
able two thirds of the year and at 
all times for small boats, from the 
Ohio to Chattanooga. The city 
arose in 1836, at the intersection ot 
the inter-state wagon-roads through 
the mountains, and is now the con- 
verging point of nine railways. It 
has a population of some 29,000 and 
is the third largest town of Ten- 
nessee. ■ 

Railroads : Cincinnati, New Or- 
leans & Texas Pacific; East Ten- 
nessee, Virginia & Georgia; Nash- 
ville; Chattanooga & St. Louis. 



KNOXVILLE, Tenn. 

"The Queen City of the Mountains", 
on the Holston river, and once the 
capital of Tennessee, a very im- 
portant city of 22,535 inh., beauti- 
fully situated on the hills above the 
upper Tennessee River, with valu- 
able railway connections, and a 
country trade of $ 25,000,000 a year. 

In the vicinity of Knoxville, on a 
far-viewing hill, is the University of 
Tennessee, organized in 1794 and 
opened in 1807. 

Railroads : Knoxville, Cumberland 
Gap & Louisville; Knoxville & 
Augusta; Knoxville & New River. 



391 



MEMPHIS, Tenn. 

The second laigest city of Ten- 
nessee with 64,495 inh., on the 
Fourth Chickasaw Bluff, its wide 
esplanade overlooking the Missis- 
sippi River, with ten converging 
railways and fourteen steamboat- 
lines, an enormous wholesale and 
cotton trade, and cotton -seed -oil 
mills. The costly railway bridge, 
built here across the Mississippi 
River, gives Memphis a vast South- 
western trade. The city presents a 
striking appearance as seen from the 
water, with its esplanade several 
hundred feet in width sweeping 
along the bluff and covered with 
large warehouses. 

Railroads: Illinois Central; Louis- 
ville, New Orleans & Texas; Louis- 
ville & Nashville; St. Louis Iron 
Mountain & Southern; Tennessee 
Midland; East Tennessee, Virginia 
& Georgia; Memphis & Birmingham. 

Agents of the North German Lloyd : 

R, D. Nesbit. Memphis, Tenn. 

John H. Slater, 13 Madison St., 
Memphis Tenn. 

Zimmerman Bros, Memphis Tenn. 

NASHVILLE, Tenn. 

The chief city of Tennessee with 
76,168 inh., most agreeably situated 
on the south side of Cumberland 
River, and at the head of steamboat 
navigation. 

The capitol, in its bold position 
175 feet above the river, and in its 
elegant and costly architecture, is a 



very imposing structure. Here is 
the University of Nashville, founded 
in 1735. Its Medical School has 
over 200 students. The Mineral 
Cabinet of the late Dr. Troost is 
the richest private collection in the 
United States. The Watkins In- 
stitute contains the Historical So- 
ciety, city library and art school. 

The foremost city in the world for 
manufacturing hard -wood lumber, 
the largest floiu"-milling city in the 
South, and the second jobbing city 
in the South. Its mcorporated 
companies represent .a capital of 
$ 90,000,000. 

Railroads: LouisviUe & Nashville; 
Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis. 

Agents of the North German Lloyd ; 
W. G. Duckworth & Co., Nashville 
Tenn. 

W. B. Fisher, 329 N. Cherry St., 
Nashville Tenn. 

THE TENNESSEE CAVES AND 
MOUNDS. 

The traveller should not fail to 
see some of the numerous caves in 
the Cumberland Mountains. Upon 
the Enchanted Rock, here, are some 
singular impressions of the feet of 
men and animals. In Coffee County, 
not far from Manchester, there is 
an ancient stone fort, enclosed by a 
wall, upon which trees are growing, 
whose age is supposed to exceed 500 
years. This mysterious fortification 
is situated between two rivers, and 
occupies some 47 acres. 



302 



TEXAS. 



In 1680 La Salle, the great French 
explorer, penetrated the immense 
southwestern country of which Texas 
is a part. Of the Spanish, Alonzo 
de Leon made the first attempt to 
settle Texas, and in 1691 a governor 
and troops were sent here by Spain, 
La Salle called the country Louisiana, 
for Louis XIV, The Spaniards named 
it NewPhilipines.in honor of Philip V. 
San Antonio, the oldest European 
settlement in Texas, was founded in 
1693; Goliad and Nacogdoches in 
1727. The foundation of the Alanio 
was laid in 1744, ^^^ ^^s denom- 
inated a mission. Prior to 1820 
Texas was ruled by governors. In 
1823 Stephen F. Austin arrived with 
colonists, when, the Mexican States 
of Coahulia and Texas constituted 
one government, with their capital 
at SaJtillo. Complaints of failure, 
by these, to the Mexican government 
finally lead to the revolution of 
1835. On March 2, 1836, Texas 
declared itself a free and independent 
government, adopting a constitution 
on the seventeenth of the same month. 
The first Pesident was David G. 
Burnet. General Sam. Houston was 
made cominander-in-chief of the 
Texas forces, and after terrible fights 
and struggles, the heroic band, only 
one- third m numbers of their enemies, 
gained the decisive battle of San 
Jacinto on April 21, 1836. The 
aimexation of Texas to the United 
States took placfe in 1845. The State 
seceded from the Union Februar 1, 
1861. In 1870 it was re-admitted. 

Texas, by much the largest State 
in the United Stales, contains 274,356 



square miles, exclusive of bays and 
lakes. It extends from the twenty- 
sixth parallel of north latitude to 
thirty -sixth and one -half north 
latitude, and from the sixteenth to 
the thirteenth meridian of longitude 
west from Washington. The more 
clearly to illustrate its size, it is 
observed that it is a little more than 
equal in area to Maine, New Hamp- 
shire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode 
Island, Connecticut, New York, 
Pennsylvania, New jersey, Delaware, 
Maryland,Ohio and Indiana combined. 
Compared with European countries — 
than which it is larger than any 
except Russia — it is equal to England, 
Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Holland, 
Belgium, Denmark, Switzerland, 
Greece and Turkey combined. 

The inhabitants of Texas have come 
from nearly every State in the Union, 
and many from across the ocean 
direct. For these reasons society is 
cosmopolitan in its character, with 
the utmost political and religious 
freedom existing. 

In 1890, Texas had a population 
of 2,300,000, since wich time there 
has been a large increase. 

Climate — For the greater portion 
of the year the climate in Texas 
is mild, the temperature ranging from 
32 to 96, but during the spring, fall 
and part of the winter it usually 
stands from 50 to 70. This mild 
winter weather admits of outdoor 
work abnost every day in the year. 
The Norther (a cold wdnd) moves 
the temperature down at a rapid 
rate, and!^ makes overcoats and. fires 
a necessity, but it is also very 



393 



bracing for the people, and is the 
piiinaiy cause of the salubrity of 
the climate. The summer in all parts 
of Texas is made refreshing by 
breezes from the Gulf. Sunstrokes 
are rare. Any building having a 
southern exposm-e is always cool, 
and on the Gulf and in the prairie 
regions covering is needed almost 
every night in the 'yeai-. 

ABILENE, Tex. 
County seat of Taylor County, is 
an incorporated city with 3,194 
inhabitants, surrounded on all sides 
by attractive feirms and ranches. It 
is the shipping point for a number 
of counties lying north and south of 
the Texas & Pacific Railway, and 
was first settled in l88l. It contains 
a number of fine church buildings, 
one of the best high schools in the 
West, a flouring mill, large public 
school, grain elevator, several good 
hotels, an ice factor}^, 2 cotton gins, 
2 com mills, 3 national banks, water- 
works and a fire depai-tment, brick 
yards, opera house and hundreds of 
attractive residence buildings. The 
business portion of the town is 
mainly built of brick. 

AUSTIN, Tex. 

Has a population of 30,000, prin- 
cipally engaged in mercantile and 
manufacturing business. Austin, the 
capital of Texas, and one of the 
most enterprising cities of the Lone 
Star State, is build upon more hills 
than Rome, and derives much pict- 
uresqueness and variety from this 
fact. The principal street gradually 
rises from the Colorado River to 
the Capitol Building, which occupies 
a commanding eminence almost in 
the centre of the city. This magnifi- 
cent structure stands pre-eminent 
among the State capitols of the nation, 
as one of the handsomest and most 
substantial, ranking as seventh in 
size of the large buildino^s of the world. 
The city is regularly laid out, with 
unusually broad streets and avenues, 
and possesses many handsome pu- 
blic buildings and residences. 

The climate is mild and fairly 
equable, with just enough cold 
weather to remind one that winter 
is one of the four seasons, but with 



scarcely a day not suitable for out- 
door hfc. Durino; the summer the 
near presence of Lake Mc Donald 
and the timbered hills surrounding- 
it, makes Austin in every way de- 
sirable for invalids. 

Lake Mc Donald is comparatively 
a new feature, and owes its chai-ming 
existence to the great dam recently 
constructed across the Colorado 
River, an enterprise which is the 
pride and boast of every citizen. 
This dam is really one of the won- 
ders of the world, over 1,400 feet in 
length, seventy feet high and sixty 
feet wide at the base. It is built of 
solid granite, as firm as the everlast- 
ing hills, and causes a waterfall 
second in size and beauty to Niagara. 
The power-house at the dam not 
only supplies the city with water 
and the most perfect electric lighting 
system in the country, but there is 
a surplus of 10,000- horse- power 
available for manufacturing purposes, 
inducing the promoters ol the enter- 
prise to believe that Austin is destin- 
ed to become the greatest manufact- 
uring centre in the Southwest. The 
lake, formed by the dam, is the larg- 
est arlificial lake in the world, being 
nearly 30 miles long, over 1,000 
feet in width and 40 to 60 feet deep. 

At this point? the junction of the 
International & Great Northern R, R. 
with the Houston & Texas Central 
Ry. and the Austin & Northwestern 
Ry., is made. 

There are twenty-three churches, 
many of them magnificent edifices, 
representing in this city all the prin- 
cipal denominations. In addition to 
fourteen city schools, there are nume- 
rous private and sectarian schools and 
colleges, among which, St. Edward's 
College and St. Mary's College. 

Public Buildings. The following 
State institutions are located at 
Austin: The magnificent granite 
Capitol Building, the State Deaf 
Institute, the State Blind Institute, 
and the State Asylum for indigent 
colored people. 

Hotels. Austin has one magnificent 
hotel building, the Driskill ; and also 
the Avenue, Salge and Orr Hotels, 
besides numerous smaller hotels and 
boarding houses, at all of which the 
accommodations arc good. 



894 



BONHAM, Tex. 

County seat of Fanning County; 
population, 3,3oo. 

Bonham is a progressive town, on 
the Texas & Pacific Railway. It is 
substantially built, and transacts a 
large busiaess in grain, flour and 
other local products. It has several 
good colleges, a number of chuxches, 
3 banks, a handsome and well- 
appointed opera house, 4 newspapers, 
2 flouring mills, an ice factory, 
cotton seed oil mill, cotton compress, 
planing mill, 2 cotton gins and a 
furniture factory. It is surrounded 
by what is conceded to be one of 
the finest agricultural districts of the 
State. 

BOWIE, Tex. 

On the Texas, Pan Handle Route, 
Population, 3,000; from Fort Worth, 
68 miles; elevation, 1,128 feet. — Is 
situated in the Cross Timbers, in 
the southwestern part of Montague 
County. It is the commercial center 
for a surrounding country rich in 
cattle and the products of farm and 
orchard. 

CLARKSVILLE, Tex. 
County seat of Red Rose County, 
with a population of 1600, situat-ed 
in the center of a rich agricultural 
district. It has a fine public school 
building, churches of the various 
denominations, a convent, a hand- 
some and commodious court-house, 
two banks, a steam planing mill, saw 
mill, grist mill, cotton gin, and two 
newspapers. The principal shipments 
are cotton, hides, grain and live stock. 
The population is progressive, and 
enjoys the modem conveniences 
common to towns of its dimensions. 

CORSICANA, Tex. 
The county seat of Navarro County, 
became a railroad point in 1872, 
upon the advent of the Houston & 
Texas Central Railway. In 1878 the 
Cotton Belt Railway also reached 
this point, which is also the initial 
point of the Corsicana & Hillsboro 
branch of the same railway. Corsi- 
cana has about 8,oco inhabitants, a 
progressive, well-to-do and energetic 

Eeople. It is an incorporated city, 
avmg a fine water works system, 
free mail delivery, a complete sewer- 



age system, an electric light and gas 
plEint, several wholesale houses, a 
public park, numerous charitable and 
literary societies, churches and good 
schools. The greater part of the 
business portion is constructed of 
brick, many of the business houses 
being elegant structures of two and 
three stories. The residence portion 
contain? a nimiber of very attractive 
buildings, situated on broad, graded 
and well-shaded avenues. Among 
the commercial features are 3 natio- 
nal banks, a commercial club, a 
commodious opera house, a splendid 
court house, a fine three-story brick 
hotel, and several sm2dler ones. 
Corsicana has 2 cotton compresses, 
which handled 100,000 bales of 
cotton last season, 2 cotton oil mills, 
capable of handling 250 tons of 
seed per day, a large roller flouring 
mill, capacity 20O barrels per day, 
and a roller corn mill, a fifteen-ton 
ice plant, bottlipg works, iron and 
brass foundry, 3 planing mUls, 2 
brick yards, broom factory, and 2 
large cotton gins. 

DALLAS, Tex. 

Is a prosperous and rapidly grow- 
ing city, situated at the crossing 
of the Trinity River by the Texas 
& Pacific Railway. It is 315 miles 
from Galveston, 515 from New 
Orleans, and 660 from St. Louis. 
A more advantageous site for a city 
could scarcely have been selected. 
It lies upon a plateau 20 to 30 feet 
higher than the river, upon the right 
bank of which it is built The first 
settlement was made by John Neely 
Bryan, about the year 184O, on the 
tract of land on which the city is 
now situated. A few years later, emi- 
grants from Kentucky, Missouri, 
Tennessee and Illinois settled in the 
same neighborhood, and laid the 
foundation of a city that was to be. 
In 1870 it had a population of 700; 
in 1880, 10,267; and in 1890, with 
its surbubs, 41,011. Since then, the 
population has continued to increase 
m about the same ratio. As a 
manufacturing and commercial center 
it is, perhaps, the most important in 
the State, being, as it is, in a rich 
agricultural region, well supplied 
with raw materials necessary for 



395 



18 



maniifaciure, and having unexcelled 
facilities for the transportation and 
distribution of its products. 

The principal industries ai'e 
represented by seven large floming 
and grist mills, a very large cotton 
and woolen factory, the product of 
which finds a ready sale, wherever 
offered; 1 cotton- seed oil mill, 4 
clothing and underwear factories, 1 
lai-ge cotton compress, 1 large boot 
and shoe factory, 8 saddle and 
harness factories, 4 cigai- factories, 
2 large foundries, 4 sheet iron and 
cornice factories, 5 large carriage 
and wagon factories, 6 planing, 
grooving and tumixig factories, 1 
trunk factory, 3 broom factories, 4 
cotton gin and press factories, 2 chair 
and furniture factories, l paper mill, 
1 paper bag factory, 2 lithographing 
establishments, 1 brass foundry, 
several lime kilns, 5 pressed-brick 
yards, 5 stone yards, 2 soap factories, 
1 cooperage and hollow-ware factory, 
8 nurseries and green houses, 3 candy 
factories, l coffee and spice mill, l 
soda and mineral water factory, 2 
manufacturing jewelry etablishments, 
1 jelly and preserve factory, 2 ice 
factories, 1 large brewery, l spring- 
bed and awning factory, 3 water 
works companies, in addition to the 
])ublic water works, maintained by the 
city. Within a year or two past the 
slaughtering and packing of beef and 
jiork has become very important 
and a very large meat packery is in 
full operation. Connected with it 
;ire suitable smoke-houses and pick- 
ling va.ts, making it possible to turn 
nut any desired quantity of hams, 
bacon, lard or refrigerated beef. 

The value of Dallas as a distribu- 
ting point is well appreciated by the 
manufacturers of agricultural im- 
plements, machinery, wagons, etc., 
pumping machinery, wmd mills, 
boilers and engines, in other cities, 
as nearly all important establishments 
in these lines have branch houses 
here, and many manufacturing con- 
cerns like the Lone Star Salt Works, 
and the various lumber companies, 
have their general offices in Dallas, 
while their works ai'c located wherfe 
ihe raw material is. 

The facilities for trjinsportation to 
and from Dallas consist of the Texas 



I & Pacific Railway, Main Line, which 
has its general offices here and 
extends from New Orleans to El Paso, 
where connection is made with lines, 
leading to Mexico, California and all 
points in the southwest; the Dallas 
& Wichita Branch, the Dallas & Green- 
ville Branch, and the Dallas & Hills- 
boro Branch of the Missouri, Kamsas 
& Texas Railway; the Gulf, Colorado 
&; Santa Fe; the Texas Trunk Rail- 
way, and the Houston & Texas 
Central Railway. The Trinity River 
is being improved and made nav- 
igable to large bodies of timber 
lying below Dallas, which are being 
utilized in the mcinufacture of fruit 
boxes, crates, barrels, fuel, and fence 
posts. Two steamboats are used for 
the transportation of this material. 
The improvements of the river have 
been made at private expense. It 
is hoped that the river will be cleared 
far enough to reach the pineries on 
the river, when saw mills will be 
erected and lumber be brought to 
Dallas by water. 

The streets in the city are generally 
from 80 to 120 feet in width. In the 
business portion about 22 miles of 
streets are paved with bois d'arc, 
covering the same with a smooth, 
hard smface of the greatest durability. 
The streets in the residence portion 
are usually lined with shade trees, 
and are macadamized; nearly all 
sidewalks are made of either stone, 
cement or brick. Most of the street 
car lines use electricity, and in all 
28 miles are operated. The city has 
an excellent fire department with the 
Gamewell system of fire alarm. 
The municipal water works cire large 
and complete. Good water is had 
in abundance in Dallas and its sub- 
urbs, for, in addition to the munic- 
ipal water supply, there are 3 water 
companies, and 20 or 30 large arte- 
sian wells owned by individuals. 
These wells Vciry in depth from 750 
to 1,000 feet and have a daily flow, 
varying from 100,000 to 350,000 
gallons. The police department is 
thoroughly organized and effective, 
and no city is more orderly than^ 
Dallas. City parks, hospitals, 2 large 
natatoriums, a gymnasium, and a 
German athletic society, numerous 
charitable and benevolent societies, 



396 



add materially to tke general sanitary 
condition of the city and the comfort 
of its inhabitants. The social, literaiy 
and professional societies number 92, 
and of church buildings there are 
36, representing all known denomina- 
tions. The public school systeni of 
Dallas is worthy of special mention. 
It consists of 20 elegant and roomy 
buildings, in which 63 white and 15 
colored teachers are employed; 5,575 
pupils being annually enrolled. These 
schools are public and free to all 
resident children between 8 and 18 
years of age. In addition to the 
public school system the city has 24 
private schools, with some 60 teachers. 
There are also a number of musical 
and art studios, telegraphic, short- 
hand and commercial schools. Among 
the higher grades of private educa- 
tional undertakings may be mentioned 
St. Mai-y's Institute for young ladies, 
erected and maintained imder the 
auspices of the Protestant Episcopal 
Chiurch; the Ursuline Academy, 
under the management of the Ursuline 
Ladies, is a well known institution 
that offers educational facilities of a 
high order. The Fort Worth and 
Dallas business Colleges, Hobson's 
Phonographic Institute and HUl's 
Business College are well and fa- 
vorably known throughout the State. 

A club house, an opera house, a 
merchants exchange, a city hall, a 
court house, are some of the more 
conspicuous buildings. The Oriental 
Hotel, costing $ 600,000, is the fin- 
est structure of its kind in the South- 
west. Other Hotels are "The Grand 
¥7indsor, St. James, Mc. Leod", etc. 

The headquarters of the Texas 
State Fair and Dallas Exposition are 
also in Dallas. It covers 120 acres, 
with all requisite buildings, such as 
a horticultural hall, a machinery hall, 
a general main building, etc.; about 
5 miles of graveled drives^ walks, 
stalls for thousands of head of live 
stock, etc. The race track is un- 
surpassed anywhere. These and other 
improvements have cost over half a 
million, but they are appreciated by 
the people of the State, as the annual 
attendance at the fair is generally 
from 200,000 to 400,000 people. 

Agent of the North German Lioyd : 

Star S. Jones, Dallas, Tex. 



DECATTIR, Tex. 

On the Texas, Pan Handle Route, 
Population 4,400; from Wichita Falls, 
74 miles; Fort Worth, 40 miles; 
elevation, 1,062 feet. — The seat of 
Wise County; is situated on an emin- 
ence. The two most conspicuous 
buildings are the court-house, and 
the high school. 

DENISON, Tex. 

Is situated in the northeastern 
portion of the county, about three 
miles south from Red River and 
nine miles northeast of Sherman, 
the county seat. It is built upon 
high ground almost as level as a 
floor, surrounded by moderate ele- 
vations, it occupies an ideal site for 
a city. It is laid off in broad and 
well kept streets and avenues, lined 
on either side with handsome business 
blocks, churches, school houses and 
residences. The Missouri, Kansas 
& Texas Railway, the Houston & 
Texas Central Railway and the Texas 
& Pacific Railway, fumisli excellent 
transportation facilities. The educa- 
tional facilities are of the highest 
order, the city maintaining 6 com- 
modious brick school buildings and 
a staff of 40 efficient teachers. The 
private institutions are of high grade. 
There are 17 church organizations, 
1 opfera house, 3 national banks, 
3 daily and 5 weekly newspapers. 
The city is supplied with gas works, 
water works, electric light, a fire 
department, a street car system and 
a suburban line; also an ice factory, 
brick yards, cotton gins, flour and 
planing mills, a brewery, soap 
factory, fruit cannery, and a large 
cotton mill, employmg 700 hands. 
Coal, ore, water and raw material of 
various kinds, necessary to build a 
large city, are within easy reach. 



EL PASO, Tex. 

13,000 inhabitants; the most im- 
portant place in El Paso County. 

The city of El Paso is 646 miles 
west of Dallas, and lies 3,670 feet 
above sea level. It is pictuiesquely 
lockted between Mount Franklin on 
the Awesican Side, and the Sierra 



897 



18* 



Madre on the Mexican side of the 
river. Its fame as a health resort 
has made it the objective point of 
many wealthy tourists and travelers. 
Up to the year l88o it was a stag- 
nant Mexican village, but with the 
advent of the several railway lines 
it was suddenly converted into an 
active modem A^merican city, with 
handsome business blocks, elegant 
brick residences, telephone and tele- 
graph lines, street railways, electric 
light, waterworks, fire department, 
a magnificent court house im- 
surpassed for beauty of architecture, 
and two large smelting works. It is 
the best and most substantially built 
city in all Texas. The small private 
enterprises consist of ice and 
refrigerating works, a foundrj^, cornice 
works, 3 banks, 3 daily and l weekly 
newspapers, and some 250 mercantile 
establishments. 

FORT WORTH, Tex. 

Forth Worth is situated in the 
exact center of Tarrant County, of 
which it is the judicial seat. It oc- 
cupies a high rolling platform, some 
640 feet in altitude above sea level, 
It has excellent naturjd drainage, 
and is one of the healthiest cities in 
the State. It is 253 miles southwest 
of Texarkana, 32 miles west of 
Dallas, and 95 miles southwest of 
Denison. In 1849, a U. S. military 
post was established here by Brev. 
Major Arnold, who named the post 
Fort Worth, in honor of Gen. Wm. 
J. Worth, who was then Command- 
ant of the district. 

It is a vigorous, enterprising and 
successful commercial and manufac- 
turing point, having enjoyed a steady 
and uniform growth for a number 
of consecutive years. It has long 
been the distributing point for the 
live stock trade of the vast territory 
west and northwest of it, and more 
recently it has added to its already 
large business the enormous grain 
trade of the Texas Panhandle, 

In 1876, Fort Worth had 1,123 
inhabitants, and in that year the 
Texas & Pacific Railway was built 
to it. Ten years later it had grown 
to be a country town of 5,500 in- 
habitants, and at the present time 



it IS a flourishing comiiiercial niajili- 
factming and railroad center of over 
40,000 inhabitants. 

In the matter of railway trans- 
portation, Fort Worth is exception- 
ally well provided, as the following 
named lines form a junction here: 
The Texas & Pacific Railway main 
line passes through the city on its 
way from New Orletms and Texar- 
kana to El Paso; the Transcon- 
tinental Branch, extending from 
Texarkana by way of Paris and 
Sherman to Fort Worth, joins the 
main line here. The St. Louis South- 
western Railway has here the ter- 
minus of its Fort Worth and Green- 
ville Branch. It is also the uiitial 
point for the Fort Worth & Rio 
Grande Railway, the Fort Worth & 
Denver City Railway, and the south- 
em "terminus of the Chicago, Rock 
Island & Pacific Railway. The main 
line of the Missouri, Kansas & Texas 
Railway also pass through Fort 
Worth. A branch of the Houston & 
Texas Central Railway extends from 
Forth Worth to Garrett, Texas. 
Three of these railways have shops 
at Fort Worth, where a considerable 
number of men are employed. 

There are about 40 miles of electric 
street car lines in operation, affording 
excellent means of quick and easy 
transportation within the city. Of 
graded and macadamized streets there 
are about 100 miles, which are kept 
in perfect condition. Most of them 
are bordered by sidewalks, construct- 
ed either of flagging, brick or cement. 
In the residence parts of the town they 
are generally shaded by rows of 
trees. 

The water supply of the city is 
obtained from about 300 artesian 
wells, a few of which flow as much 
as 300,000 gallons per day. They 
vary in depth from 114 to 2000 feet. 
The deep wells are strong in their 
flow, and permanent. The shallow 
wells, which used to discharge freely, 
are now generally pumped. The 
water obtained, is sweet, wholesome, 
and very pure. One of the many 
attractions is the Natatorium, a struc- 
ture admirably fitted up in every 
way, and containing a large swimming 
pool. The Mimicipal Water Works 



.398 



secure their water from the Clear 
Fork of the Brazos, and have an 
elaborate system of dams, ptmips, 
mains, and hydrants, bringing all 
parts of the city within the limits of 
fire protection. 

The public buildings, in number, 
size and style, rank with those of 
any other city of its age in the 
coimtry. Of the 19 churches, some 
are magnificent structures, and the 
Board of Trade, Club, and Library 
buildings are among the best in the 
State. 

The public school system of Fort 
Worth, under municipal control, is 
worthy of the local praise bestowed 
upon it. There are 4,219 pupils 
enrolled, and, for their comfort and 
education, i8 large and modem 
school buildiags are maintained. 
70 teachers are employed in these 
schools. 

There are also a large number of 
private schools, and the Fort Worth 
University, an educational institution 
justly famous in all parts of the State. 

The city is lighted by electricity, 
the electric light plant and the water 
works being the property of the city. 
The fire department is equal to the 
times, has all modern appliances for, 
fire fighting, and. a very complete 
electric alarm system. The police 
department will compare favorably 
with that of any other city of equal 
population. The natural drainage 
of the city is excellent, but with the 
60 miles of sewers alrea-dy construct- 
ed, little more can be desired in 
regard to sanitary arrangements. 

The city has a hundred or more 
of larger and smaller industrial enter- 
prises. The principal enterprises 
are the gas works, an arc electric 
light plant, 5 grain elevators^ capacity 
850,000 bushels; 4 roller mills, 
capacity, 1,500 barrels of flour per 
day; two stock yards, more fully de- 
scribed below; several ice factories, 
a stove foundry, a moss collar factory, 
a windmill and pump and general 
water-supply implement company, 
several large agricultural implement 
houses; boot and shoe, jute bagging, 
cracker, excelsior, awning and tent, 
baking powder, wagon, carriage, and 
woven wire and cot factories, one 
of the most extensive breweries in 



the State, two tanneiies, several 
lithographing establishments, 39 job- 
bing houses, and a woolen factory. 

The hotel accomodations of Fort 
Worth are, in every respect excellent, 
and two or three of the hotels in 
Fort Worth will compare favorably 
with any in the Southwest. 

The Fort Worth Union Stock 
Yards. Have over 500 acres of 
ground, a larger tract of land than 
that owned by any stock yards in 
the West for similar purposes, and 
one that for drainage, convenience 
of location, and railroad shipping 
facilities, could not be improved on. 
There are ample yards, pens and 
sheds, and a commodious building 
for a hotel, live stock exchange, and 
offices of commission merchants. A 
good market is here established for 
cattle, hogs, sheep, horses and mules. 

The Fort Worth Packing House. 
The largest institution of its kind in 
the South, and the most extensive 
south of St. Louis and Kansas City, 
is now in active operation, and 
represents in ground, buildings, 
machinery and working capital, an 
outlay of over $ 600,000, and has a 
daily capacity of 1,500 hogs, and 
2 So cattle. 

GALVESTON, Tex. 

Population 55,000. Railroads; In- 
ternational & Great Northern, Gulf, 
Colorado & Santa Fe and Missouri, 
Kansas & Texas. 

The City is located on the east 
end of Galvestoh Island. The island 
is about 30 miles long and from 3 
to 5 miles wide. Bolivar Peninsula, 
a strip of the main land, is prolonged 
to the southwest, so that it is prac- 
tically parallel to the Island and is 
its counterpart in all but complete 
isolation. These two breakwaters 
protect the Bay of Galveston, which 
has an area of 155 square miles, 
making it one of the safest and best 
harbors in the world. The entrance 
to the Bay is between the Island 
and the Peninsula, is one mile and 
a half wide, and by reason of work 
done by the Government, is of suffi- 
cient depth at the bar to float the 
largest vessel. Ocean steamers, draw- 
ing as much as 22 ffeet of water, are 
now enabled to go safely and conven- 



399 



iently to anchor, alongside its 
wharves. The many beautiful homes, 
fine churches, and numerous schools 
of Galveston, testify to its superior 
advantages as a residence city. 
Located on a island, visitors enjoy, 
to the full extent the benefits of the 
delicious and unceasing Gulf breezes, 
which render pleasant a summer 
which would ■ otherwise be of 
tropical heat. During the winter, 
the pleasant simshine and summer 
verdure recall a perfect May-day in 
some Northern State. There are 
two large first-class hotels, excellent 
beaches for bathing, and superb 
fishing. The sandy soil is capable 
of producing fruits, vegetables and 
berries of all kinds, strawbenies 
particularly. The climate is salu- 
brious and in fact is delightful al- 
most !the entire year, Galveston being 
the summer resort for the interior 
of Texas, The Gulf breeze every 
evening is cool and refreshing. The 
water supply is abundant from artesian 
weUs, located on the main land, 

Siped into the city under the bay. 
ot withstanding Galveston is largely 
interested in exports, and so many 
foreign ships enter it, it is one of 
the healthiest cities in the South, 
and is under most excellent sanitary 
supervision. It is the largest shipping 
port on the Gulf, the shipments of 
cotton alone amounting to over6oO,000 
bales. 

The shipping facilities are being 
largely increased by the expenditure 
of $6,200,000 by the United States 
Government on jetties, which, when 
completed, will extend a distance of 
6 miles into the Gulf of Mexico; the 
present depth of water obtained is 
22 feet at low tide; which is suffi- 
cient for all but the very largest 
ocean vessels. The city is provided with 
an excellent system of electric street 
railroads; ten public fountains, and 
other public conveniences. 

One of the largest hospitals in the 
South is located at Galveston, also 
an orphan's home, an old woman's 
home, and numerous other charitable 
institutions. 

The principal hotels are the Beach, 
Tremont and Grand. The Beach 
is a summer resort unsurpassed 
anywhere on the Gulf or Atlantic 



coast. There are numerous tropical 
gardens, public pairks and drives in 
the city, providing ample recreation 
for visitors and residents. 
Agents of the North German Lloyd: 
J. B. Bartholomew, Traffic Mgr. 
Malbor yLines, Galveston, Tex. 
W. W. Wilson, Galveston, Tex. 

GEORGETOWN, Tex. 

The County seat of Williamson 
County, and the northern terminus 
of the branch railroad running from 
Round Rock on the International & 
Great Northern Railroad, to George- 
town. Population about 3, SCO prin- 
cipally engaged in farming and stock 
raising. Water supply ample and 
of fine quality. There are lO chiurch- 
es, representing all the principal 
religious denominations; l Isirge 
public school, 1 Methodist school, 
and the Southwest Texas University. 

Public Buildings. — The South- 
west Texas University has two very 
large and commodious buildings. 
The court house is located at this 
point, and is a substantial structure, 
as are also the jail and city hall. 
There are a number of mineral wells 
located in the suburbs of George- 
town, the waters of which have been 
analyzed, and found to be of fine 
medicinal properties. 

The Chautattqua. — The Texas 
Chautauqua Assembly is one of the 
great Sisterhood of Assemblies, of 
which the original New York Chau- 
tauqua is the model. The Texas 
Chautauqua grounds, located at 
Georgetown, embrace about 200 acres 
of ground; has a fine system of 
waterworks, and numerous fountains. 
A splendid temple, floored and seated, 
affords ample accommodation for a 
vast multitude of people. 

GREENVILLE, Tex. 
County seat of Hunt County has 
now about 8,000 inhabitants. It is 
an Important railway center of great 
commercial activity. It is an im- 
portant point on the Missouri, Kan- 
sas & Texas Railway, being the 
freight and passenger division ter- 
minus for the Denison & Mineola 
Branch. It is the headquarters for 
the Sherman, Shreveport & Southern 
Railway, the northern terminus of 



400 



the Texas Midland Railway, and an 
important point on the Cotton Belt 
Route. As many as 42 passenger 
trains pass ra and out of Greenville 
daily. 

The city is located on the upper 
waters of the Sabine River, and that 
stream is dammed some distance 
above, forming a reservoir from 
which the city is supplied, through 
an adequate system of water mains. 
A sewerage system extends through 
nearly all business streets and many 
residence streets. There is also a 
strong volunteer fire department. 
The city has an elegant City Hall, 
an electric light plant, telephone 
exchange, and several large city 
parks. The corporate limits of the 
city cover 3,000 acres. The altitude 
is 800 feet above sea level, and its 
favorable situation gives it good, 
natural drainage. The loccd industries 
consist of, in addition to the shops 
of the several railroads, a good 
boiler, engine and general machine 
works. There is a large planing and 
general wood working plant, a flour- 
ing mill, with a capacity of 100 bar- 
rels per day, and a corn mill; two 
saddle and harness factories, two 
cotton oil mills of 115 tons daily 
capacity, a cotton compress, which 
handled 90,000 bales last season; a 
50-ton ice factory, bottling works, a 
woolen mill, a wagon and carriage 
factory, several brick yards, galvan- 
ized iron cornice works, two clothing 
and one mattress factory. There 
are in the city also two National 
Banks, a lai'ge Opera House, some 
12 attractive churches, a Baptist 
College, and three daily and four 
or five weekly newspapers. 

HENRIETTA, Tex. 

On the. Texas, Pan Handle Route, 
Population, 3,000; from Wichita Falls, 
19 miles; Fort Worth, 95 miles! 
elevation, 896 feet. — The seat of 
Clay County — with its $ 40,000 
court-house — is located on an 
eminence overlooking a broad extent 
of country. 

Among the many fine buildings, 
business blocks, churches etc., the 
new high school building is one of 
which the people are very proud. 

Henrietta has a roller mill of 

401 



stone, with a capacity of 200 barrels 
per day, extensive stock yards, and 
lumber yards. 

HILLSBORO, Tex. 

One of the most progressive and 
prosperous of the smaller cities of 
Central Texas, is the railroad, 
commercial and geographical centre, 
as well as the county seat, of Hill 
County. It is a compact little city 
of 5,000 inhabitants, with a promise 
of continued prosperity and devel- 
opment. The place is 35 or 40 years 
old, but until the arrival of the 
Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railway, 
and the Corsicana & Hillsboro Branch 
of the St. Louis Southwestern Railway, 
in 1882, was an obscure village of 
a few hundred inhabitants. To-day 
Hillsboro has the main lines,, and 
the Dallas & Hillsboro Branch of the 
Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railway, 
placing the city in connection with 
all leading cities in the State. 

Among the more handsome build- 
ings may be mentioned the fine 
stone court house, erected at a cost 
of $ 100,000, the county jail, the 
4 public schools buildings, and the 
numerous churches, most of which 
are handsome, well designed edifices. 
There are also many elegant and 
beautiful private residences. 

HOUSTON, Tex. 

One of the principal cities in the 
state, and the county seat of Harris 
Coimty. 

The Magnolia City, with a popula- 
tion of about 70,000, was founded 
in the year 1B37, and was the first 
capital of Texas. Situated on Buifalo 
Bayou, at the head of navigable tide- 
water, it possesses the immensm-able 
advantages attached to direct ocean 
commimication. A loo-foot channel, 
with a depth of from 15 to 20 feet,' 
connects the city with Galveston 
Bay, and the recent development of 
deep water in Galveston Harbor, 
together with work now being done 
by the United States Government, 
will enable the largest ocean vessels 
to approach Houston. 

Railroads. But it is to the rail- 
roads that Houston owes its devel- 



opment 
different 



and 
liues 



prosperity. 
now enter 



Fifteen 
the city 



and others are building. The rail- 
road shops employ nearly f.ooo men, 
with a monthly pay roll of $250,000. 

Climate. Houston enjoys a healthy, 
semi-tropical climate, with a mean 
summer temperature of 90 degrees, 
tempered by constant trade winds 
which blow continuously from the 
gulf during the summer months. 
The average winter temperature is 
60 degrees. 

Houston has many handsome public 
and business buildings and beautiful 
private residences. It has, also, the 
finest electric railway system in the 
South. The surrounding country is 
covered with numerous forests of 
pine, oak and other trees indigenous 
to the locality, and the profusion of 
magnolia groves in the suburbs has 
given it the name of „The Magnolia 
City." Its proximity to the gulf 
coast, its delightful climate and its 
many social attractions, combine to 
make it one of the most desirable 
health and pleasure resorts in the 
South. There is a double daily fast 
train service between St. Louis and 
Houston, via the Iron Mountain 
Route and its connections in Texas, 
offering choice of two routes and a 
delightful ride through the Ozark 
Mountains and beautiful Afcadia 
Valley by daylight. 

The principal industries of the 
county surroundiag Houston are 
agriculture, truck farming, etc. In 
the city the manufactming industries 
are cotton compresses, breweries, 
car wheel works and railroad shops. 
There are 4 large cotton seed oil 
mills, 4 large cotton compresses, a 
natatorium, a large electric light and 
power plant, gas works and artesian 
water works. 

Churches. All the religious 
denominations are represented, there 
being 49 churches in the city. There 
are 21 public schools, not including 
the high school, and numerous private 
and denominational institutions. 

Public BtiildiiiffS. There are many 

Eublic buildings, including the court 
ouse, the county and city jails, 
opera house, market building, oc- 
cupying a full block, city hall and 
city high school. 

Houston Heights. As the name 
indicates, Houston Heights is located 



402 



on the highest ground in the imme- 
diate vicinity of Houston, being 
about 22 feet higher than the mean 
level of the city. It is located north- 
west from Houston, and about one 
and one-half miles from the corporate 
limits. Electric street cars run to 
the Heights every few minutes from 
the business centre of Houston. The 
Heights have already elegant res- 
idences, beautiful pleasure grounds, 
several paying manufacturing in- 
dustries, electric light plant, artesian 
water, a good hotel, theatre, and, in 
fact, everything that would make it 
a desirable residence location. 

The Forest Park, which is located 
on Houston Heights Boulevard, con- 
tains about 200 acres, about half a 
natural forest, and has several artifi- 
cial lakes, a fine natatorium supplied 
with artesian water, an immense 
dancing pavilion, base ball grounds, 
bicycle track, and many other like 
attractions. It is located about 
2 miles from the centre of town, emd 
is reached by electric Ccirs, running 
every 15 minutes. 

The principal' picnic resort of 
Houston is naturally Dickinson, 
which, while not located in Harris 
County, is still deserving of mention 
on account of its fine grounds and 
amusement facilities. At Dickinson 
are good race tracks, a fine boating 
course, a fine forest ground, large 
dancing pavilion, and many other 
amusement facilities. The Texas 
Coast Fair is held at Dickinson each 
year. Dickinson is located midway 
between Houston and Galveston, on 
line of [International and Great 
Northern Raikoad, and is in the 
midst of the famous Texas Coast 
Fruit Belt. 

Harrisbtirg has a population of 
900, and is virtually a suburb of 
Houston. The principal industries 
of its inhabitants are fruit and veg- 
etable culture. The water supply is 
abundant, and from artesian wells. 

HUNTSVILLE, Tex. 

The principal town in Walter 
County on the I & G. N. R. R. 

Population 2,000, engaged in 
farming, stock raising and manufac- 
turing. The water supply is from 
wells and springs. Fuel costs $1,75 to 



$ 2 per cord, lumber, $ 7 to $ 8 per 
thousand at the mill. There is 

1 Meth-odist, l Presbyterian, 1 Epis- 
copal, and 1 Chipstian church for 
white people, and 2 Baptist and 

2 Methodist churches for colored 
people; 2 public schools and 3 private 
schools. Sam Houston State Normal 
Institute, State peniteijtiary and court 
house are substantial buildings. 

JEFFERSON, Tex. 
County seat of Marion County with 
a population of 3,000. It is 58 miles 
south of Texarkana. It has 7 churches, 
good schools, a cotton compress, iron 
works, a flour mill, a foundry, an 
ice factory, several sawmills, gas 
works, fire department, a new Federal 
court house and post office, a number 
of wholesale houses, good hotels, 
and a weekly newspaper. Lumber, 
woolen goods, iroii, cotton and hides 
are the principal shipments. 

LAREDO, Tex. 

The county seat of Webb County, 
population 12,000, principally^ engag- 
ed in grape culture, fruit raising and 
gardening, coal mining and brick 
and tile manufacturing. ' 

Laredo is the farthest south of 
any point of importance in the United 
States. The high temperature and 
light rainfall, make it a good climate 
for asthmatic sufferers. New Laredo, 
Mexico, opposite Laredo, is a town 
of 6,000. The two cities being con- 
nected by bridge and street car lines. 
Both cities have electric light and 
water works systems. Laredo is 
l6o miles from the Gulf, and 490 
feet above the sea level. 

The Mexican National Railway 
extends from Laredo to the City of 
Mexico. 

The Mexican National Machine 
Shops, the largest west of the Mis- 
sissippi River, are located at Laredo. 
Almost all of the ores produced in 
the Mexican mines that enter the 
United States come through this 
port of entry, and the coal mines 
located at Laredo furnish an excellent 
quality of cannel coal, which is 
shipped to the surrounding country. 
Brick manufacturing is largely carr- 
ied on, and the output reaches from 
$ 12,000,000 to $ 15,000,000 per year. 



LONGVIEW, Tex. 
The county seat of Gregg County 
and has a population of 4,000, and 
is the terminus of the International 
& Great Northern Railroad, and the 
jimction point of that road with the 
Texas & Pacific Railway. It is a thriv- 
ing manufacturing centre, with 1 plow 
factory, 1 sawmill, 1 ice factory, 2bot- 
tling works, Imattress factory, ibroom 
factory, 1 steam laundry, electric light 
plant, 1 oil mill, 1 cotton compress, 
and a foundry and machine shops. 
The Court House of Gregg _ County, 
located here, is a commodious and 
substantial brick structure. 

MARSHALL, Tex. 
The county seat of Harrison County, 
is 74 miles southwest of Texarkana, 
and 40 miles west of Shreveport, 
La., and has 7,207 inhabitants. The 
public school system, of the city is 
conducted according to the most 
approved modem methods, and the 
schools are a credit to any city. Mar- 
shall is lighted by electricity, has a 
good system of waterworks, a well- 
eq^uipped fire department, a street 
railway, a handsome court house, an 
opera house, telephone [service, two 
national banks, a cotton gin factory, 
car wheel works, foundry, cotton 
compress, plow works, saw and 
planmg mills, ice factory and the 
railway shops of the Texas & Pacific 
Railway. There are two daily and 
two weekly newspapers, and a daily 
hack line to Carthage, 30 miles 
distant. Nearly all Christian de- 
nominations are represented, and 
most of the congregations have 
handsome places of worship. 

MINEOLA. Tex. 
A flourishing town, situated at the 
junction of the Texas & Pacific, 
International & Great Northern, and 
Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railways, 
having a population of 2,07 1. It 
contains a bank, 5 or 6 churches, a 
high school, a numteer of substantial 
business blocks, a cannery, a weekly 
newspaper, a furniture factory, and 
several good hotels. 

PALESTINE, Tex. 
In Anderson County population 
1 1 '^30,principally engaged m farming, 



403 



fruit raising, stock breeding and 
manufacturing. The general offices 
and shops of the International & 
Great Northern Railroad, employing 
300 men, are located here; also 
foundry and machine shops, ice 
factory, water works, two saw mills 
cotton compress, oil mill, and many 
smaller manufacturing establishments. 
Both Methodist and Baptist denom- 
inations have churches for white and 
colored congregations, and the Pres- 
byterian, Christian, Episcopal, Cath- 
olic and Congregational denom- 
inations have churches for the white 
population. There are 2 public schools, 
1 private and l Catholic school. 
Substantial county court house and 
opera house. The to-wn has many- 
handsome residences £md well built 
business blocks. 

PARIS, Tex. 
Parts is estimated to have at this 
time a population of about I2,ooo, 
the place having grown rapidly since 
the last census was taken. There 
are invested in various local enter- 
prises about $ 2,000,000, some of the 
establishments being: 2 large planing 
mills, a cotton seed oil miU, cotton 
gin, a cotton compress, 3 foundries, 
1 chair factory, 3 marble works, 
candy factory, 2 ice factories, a gas 
and electric plant, etc. The manufac- 
tured products are valued at 
$ 1,500,000 and the commercial 
transactions are estimated at 
$6,500,000. The crops of the county, 
handled in Paris, are estimated to 
amount to 30,000 bales of cotton, 
31,000 pounds of wool, 250,000 
pounds of hides, 521,000 bushels of 
com, 115,000 bushels of wheat, 
45,000 tons of cotton seed, etc. 
The local bank capital amounts to 
$650,000. The city has a very 

{)erfect system of public schools and 
ligher colleges, and a scholastic 
population of 2,696. The altitude 
above sea level is 588 feet. 

SAN ANTONIO, -Tex. 
Population 6o,000, is located in 
and is the county seat of Bexar 
(bounty, in the southern part of 
Texas, and in the centre of what is 
known as the "health belt." It is in 
about the same latitude as Galveston, 



New Orleans and Jacksonville, Fla., 
and is farther south than any city 
of its size in the United States. As 
a commercial centre it has but one 
rival of importance (Austin, the State 
Capital, 80 miles distant) withm a 
radius of 200 miles and it controls 
the trade of a vast and productive 
territory, much of which is still 
undeveloped, but gives undoubted 
promise of future greatness and 
prosperity. As the junction of the 
main lines of the International & Great 
Northern, the Southern Pacific, and 
the San Antonio & Arkansas Pass 
Railways, it is abundantly supplied 
with transportation facilities. 

San Antonio is beautifully and 
regnilarly laid out, with broad, well- 
paved streets and avenues, concrete 
walks, and numerous public gardens 
and plazas. The plazas, indeed, are 
the distinguishing feature of the city, 
for though characteristic of the 
towns of Latin America, there is no 
other city of the Union where there 
are so many of these breathing 
places, or such charming ones as 
are to be found in the Mission Citv. 

The prominent plazas of San 
Antonio are the Alamo Plaza, the 
Main Plaza and the Military Plaza, 
as these are in the business heart 
of the city, and aroimd them are 
collected the greater portion of the 
retail establishments, the hotels, the 
city and government buildings and 
other commercial institutions. 

The Alamo Plaza is an outgrowth 
of the ancient squai-e of the Mission 
of the Alamo, the old church stand- 
ing on the northeast corner. Around 
the plaza, and fronting on it, are the 
Menger Hotel, the Opera House and 
Club, and the Post Office and United 
States Court House. The centre of 
the square has been converted into 
a beautiful garden with fountains, 
banks and beds of flowers which 
are in bloom the year round, and 
clumps of symmetrical semi-tropical 
trees, conspicuous among which are 
the graceful umbrella or China-berry 
trees, with their rich, dark green 
crowns of dense foliage. These trees 
grow with more luxuriance here in 
Scin Antonio than anywhere else, and 
their exceeding grace and beauty 
attract the attention and admiration 



404 



of every one. The Alamo Plaza was 
the scene of Santa Anna's bloody 
assault upon the devoted followers 
of Travis and Crockett in the fight 
and massacre of 1836. 

The Main Plaza, or Plaza de las 
Yslas, is west of the Alamo Plaza 
and connected with it by Commerce 
and North Alamo streets. This was 
the former square of the pueblo of 
San Fernando, and the old parish 
church, now modernized and con- 
verted into a cathedral, still stands 
on its western edge. On the south 
side is the mag-nificent new County 
Court House, and business houses 
occupy tiie two other fronts. The 
central arga, hke that of the Alamo, 
is laid out as a handsome park and 
pleasure ground. 

The Military Plaza — La Plaza de 
Armas, as the founders of the city 
christened it — is one block west of 
the Main Plaza, and was, prior to 
the erection of the New City Hall, 
which now occupies its centre, the 
rendezvous and stamping ground of 
the Mexican contingent of the 
population. It was on this square 
that the midnight suppers of Chili 
con carne, hot tamales and tortillas 
were spread, and the beautiful tamale 
queen reigned supreme over her 
hungry nocturnal subjects. 

In addition to these more prom- 
inent and, historically, more interest- 
ing plazas, there are numerous 
others scattered through the city, 
giving a most agreeable variety, to 
what would otherwise be the ster- 
eotyped block after block of built- 
up squares of the average town. 

The beauty and magnificence of 
the business houses, churches and 
public edifices of San Antonio, are a 
source of congratulation to her 
citizens and a subject of surprise 
and admiration to her guests. 

The public institutions of the city 
are unique and attractive in design, 
imposing in appearance, and reflect 
great credit, both on their architects 
and on the city. Especially is this 
true of the new Federal Building, 
containing the Post Office and the 
United States Court. 

On the western side of the plaza 
are the Opera House and the San 
Antonio Club. The latter is a hand- 



some building of brick, and is 
luxuriantly furnished and fitted up. 

In addition to the San Antonio 
Club there are many other similar 
and social organizations, including 
the San Antonio Rifles, inaugurated 
by a company of volunteers bearing 
that name ; the Casino — an old estab- 
lished German Association; the 
Turners, the Harmony Club — an 
organization of prominent Hebrews, 
and various literary and singing 
societies. The Young Men's Christian 
Association also has pleasant rooms 
at the comer of Alamo and Com- 
merce streets, with gymnasium and 
reading room, to which everyone is 
welcome. 

The hotel accommodations of the 
city, while not as extensive and 
luxurious as might be desired by 
some, are, nevertheless, ample and 
comfortable. 

The suburban plats known as 
West End, Alamo Heights, Lake 
View, East End, Beacon Hill and 
Southern Heights, are all easily ac- 
cessible by electric street car lines, 
and possess all the conveniences of 
gas, water and electricity. 

The location of Post Sam Houston 
is a rolling plateau, about one mile 
north of and overlooking the city. 
It is reached by the OTeen cars 
starting from the end of Jlast Com- 
merce Street, near the Alamo Plaza. 
The reservation covers 162 acres. 
The buildings are tastefully designed, 
and are built around a quadrangular 
plaza, 624 feet square, in the centre 
of which is a handsome clock tower, 
88 feet high, from the summit of 
which can be had a fine view of the 
city and its environs. At the Post 
are stationed a Brigadier General, 
commanding the department, and 
his personal and departmental staffs, 
4 troops of cavalry, 2 batteries of 
light artillery, and 6 companies of 
infantry. 

Agent of the North German Lloyd: 

C. G'riesenbedt, San Antonio, Tex. 

SHERMAN, Tex. 
County seat of Grayson County 
with a population of 7,000. Its rail- 
way facilities are excellent, consisting 
of the Texas & Pacific Railway, the 



405 



St. Louis Southwestern, the Houston 
& Texas Central Railway and 
' Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railway. 
Nearly every Christian sect is 
represented in Sherman. Its public 
school system is conducted on the 
most approved modem methods. In 
addition to the public schools there 
are a number of colleges and private 
schools. The city has an extensive 
system of electric lights, water works, 
street car lines, an opera house, 
2 banks, a commodious and hand- 
some court house, and numerous 
fine business blocks and private 
residences. The industrial enter- 
prises consist of a cotton seed oil 
mill, cotton gin, 3 patent roller 
flouring mills, an ice factory, seamless 
bag factory, 2 foundries, a cotton 
compress, the largest iron works in 
North Texas, marble works, planing 
mill, brick yards, furniture factories, 
and cigar, soap, mattress, broom, 
candy and carriage factories. There 
are 2 daily and 3 weekly newspapers. 
The principal shipments are cotton, 
grain, live stock, flour, cotton seed 
oil, hides, etc. 

SULPHUR SPRINGS. Tex. 

County seat of Hopkins County 
was settled in 1850, and is a pros- 
perous little city of 5,000 inhabit- 
ants. In the city and vicinity 
are a number of sulphur springs 
and alum springs, which make the 
locality a famous local health resort. 
In 1868 it became the county seat. 
There are now in the city 2 National 
banks, a magnificent granite and 
sandstone court house, a good system 
of water works, a number of ele- 

fant places of worship, many brick 
usiness houses, 2 good hotels and 
good newspapers. In the several 
industrial hnes the city has 2 saw 
mills, an ice plant, a bottling factory, 
a 50-ton cotton oil mill, a fine large 
cotton compress, 2 small furniture 
factories, a large cotton gin, a plan- 
ing mill, a sash, blind and door 
factoiy and a foundry. The mercan- 
tile lines are well represented, there 
being probably over lOO establish- 
ments. The public school system of 
the city is comanensurate with the 
times, and the schools are main- 



tained nine months in the year. East- 
man College is a famous educational 
institution. The principal exports of 
Sulphur Springs £ire cotton, lumber, 
furniture, ice, hides, wool, cotton 
seed oil, mineral and soda waters, 
and fresh fruits and commercial 
garden truck. 

TAYLOR. Tex. 

Population 6,500, This poiat is 
the junction of the International & 
Great Northern Railroad wiih the 
Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railway. 
The water supply is abundant, and 
obtained from surface and artesian 
wells and springs. The Presbyterian, 
Baptist, Methodist, Episcopal, Catho- 
lic and Lutheran denominations all 
have church buildings. There is one 
large city public school, Taylor has 
the finest railway station, that of the 
International & Great Northern Rail- 
road, in this section of Texas. It 
has water works, an excellent fire 
department, and many large mer- 
cantile houses. It is the principal 
business point of a large section 
of country, and enjoys a most ex- 
cellent business prosperity. 

TERRELL, Tex. 

The largest town iu Kaufman county, 
is situated on the Texas & Pacific 
Railway, 32 miles east of Dallas. 
It has seven churches, a high school, 
several graded schools, an opera hall, 
two banks, electric light plant, water 
works, an ice factory, a cotton com- 
press, a flouriag mill, 2 nurseries, a 
foundry, cotton gin, and 2 weekly 
newspapers. The North Texas Hos- 
pital for the Insane, a stately institu- 
tion, is located here. The commer- 
cial business of Teixell consits of 
the handling of cotton, grain, flour, 
live stock, hides, wool, finuts. etc. 

TEXARKANA, Tex. and Ark. 

Situated on both sides of the 
boundary line between Arkansas and 
Texas, with a fine post office building 
erected on the State line to be used 
jointly by the post offices in both 
Texas and Arkanses, is a stirring 



KW) 



incorporated dual city of about 
14,000 inhabitants. It has two separate 
municipal orgauziations, State Line 
Avenue, dividing Texarkana, Axk., 
from Texarkana, Texas. _ The popula- 
tion is about evenly divided between 
the two parts of the town. It is 
the eastern gateway to ■ Texas, the 
eastern terminus of the Texas &Pacific 
Railway, the southern terminus of the 
St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern 
Railway and the point of entry into 
Texas of the Cotton Belt or St. Louis 
Southwestern Railway. It is a well- 
built little city with all modern con- 
veniences common to even larger 
places. It has a fine water works 
system, electric light plant, telephone 
lines, some 5 miles of street railway 
lines, gas works, 4 daily and weekly 
newspapers, a large ice factory, a 
cotton compress, and cotton oil mill 
of very large capacity. There are 
2 fire companies and fire alarm sys- 
tem. Part of the town has a good 
sewer system. Each part of the city 
has a tine two-story brick school 
house and good hotels. The Gov- 
ernment building and the railway 
depot are very handsome structures. 
All lines of business are well 
represented, but the predominant 
interest is the manufacture of lumber, 
ties, shingles, fumitiu-e and other 
goods made from wood, which is 
very abundant and within easy reach 
of Texarkana. There are also 2 large 
foundi'ies and a general machine 
shop, engaged in the manufacture 
of cane mills and other agricultural 
machinery, boilers, etc. Potter's clay 
is abundant close to the city, and a 
large pottery situated there does a 
igood business. 

TYLER, Tex. 
This is a well built and compact 
little city, situated in the geographical 
centre of Smith County. It has all 
the conveniences and social advan- 
tages common to places of much 
larger population. The census gives 
it 0,908 inhabitants. Since then the 
increase in population has been 
rapid, and it may be safely estimated 
that Tyler has froni 10,000 to 11,000 
residents within its limits. It is 
situated on high, rolling, well drained 
ground, and contains an exceptionally 



lacge number of attractive residence 
and business buildings. The business 
part is substantially built, the pre- 
vailing material used in construction 
being brick. The residence part 
contains many attractive flower gar- 
dens, the soil and climate being per- 
fectly adapted to the successful cul- 
tivation of most of the more delicate 
and highly ornamental plants. Hence 
it is a pleasant abiding place for 
travelers and tourists. 

The city, which is the county seat, 
was named in honor of President 
Tyler, under whose administration 
Texas was admitted into the Union. 
It has two commodious public school 
buildings for white children, and the 
East Texas University, a school of 
high standing, under able manage- 
ment. Ample educational facilities 
have been provided for colored 
children. Among the public and 
semipublic buildings are some 6 or 7 
fine brick churches, the general hos- 
pital of the St. Louis Southwestern 
Railway Cotton Belt Route, the 
county court house, jail, city hall, 
Government buildings, three large 
brick hotels, three national bank 
buildings, and numerous modern 
business blocks. The city has free 
mail delivery, an excellent system 
of waterworks, a fire department, 
good sewerage, an electric light 
plant, street car lines, and a tele- 
phone system. 

Tyler is situated on the main line 
of the St. Louis Southwestern or 
Cotton Belt Route and is 128 miles 
southwest of Texarkana. The Tyler 
Southeastern Railway, a branch of 
the Cotton Belt Route, diverges here 
and extends to Lufkin in Angelina 
County, a distance of 90 miles, 
where it connects with the Houston, 
East & West Texas Railway. The 
Mineola branch of the International 
& Great Northern Railway crosses 
the Cotton Belt Route at Tyler, at 
which place the general offices of 
the Cotton Belt (Texas lines) are 
situated. An annual fruit fair is held 
at Tyler in the month of July in 
each year. 

WACO, Tex. 
Population in 1896, 14,440; at 
present, about 20,000. This be^n- 



407 



tiful and progressive city is situated 
within 4 miles of the geographical 
centre of the State. Its altitude is 
720 feet above the level of the sea. 
Its site was originally selected by 
the Waco Indians who had quite a 
well populated village here, until they 
were defeated in a battle with the 
Cherokees (1830), who almost exter- 
minated the tribe and utterly destroyed 
the settlement. From this circum- 
stance the city derives its name. 

Waco enjoys most excellent railway 
facilities. The several trimk lines 
passing through or entering the city 
are the St. Louis Southwestern (or 
Cotton Belt), the Missouri, Kansas & 
Texas, the Houstor & Texas Central, 
the Texas Central, and the West 
Point branch of the San Antonio & 
Aransas Pass Railwa}'', which has its 
terminus in this city. 

There are two complete systems of 
water works — one company. The 
Waco Water and Power Company, 
maintains a reservoir of 6,000,000 
gallons capacity, from which mains 
traverse the city; the other is the 
artesian system, or Bell Water Com- 
pany. The source of supply is the 
wonderful series of artesian wells, 
whose initial pressure lifts the water 
into great standpipes, 90 feet high, 
situated on a hill 80 feet above the 
public square. Mains and cross-pipes 
lead the water to all parts of the 
city. Several natatoriums and sanita- 
riums have been erected in Waco for 
the purpose of utilizing these waters. 

Waco enjoys the conveniences of 
the largest American cities. The 
streets, broad and straight, run at 
right angles, and in the residence 
portion are lined with beautiful shade 
trees and handsome residences. It 
has churches of all the leading reli- 
gious denominations, seven banks, 
a street railway system, and an 
electric light system. 

There is a fine government build- 
ing for the use of the Post Office 
and the Federal courts, a City Plall, 
and many elegant business structures. 
The city was founded in 1849 and 
incorporated in 1856. It is divided 
by the Brazos River, which is spanned 
by a suspension bridge, 475 feet long. 
The mercantile establishments of 
Waco tun into the hundreds. Of 



manufacturing enterprises there are 
some sixty or seventy, and of news- 
papers there are two dailies, one 
weekly and one monthly. 

Waco possesses excellent educa- 
tional facilities. 1 he Baylor Univer- 
sity is a well know institution for 
the study of music, theology, oratory 
and conmierce. The Waco Female 
College is popular and prosperous. 
There is also a large school under 
the auspices of the Roman Catholic 
Church, managed by the Sisters of 
St. Mary. 

Waco is the largest interior cotton 
market in Texas, and probably in the 
South. Over 40,000 bales were hauled 
into the city by wagon, and about 
800,000 received by rail from small 
towns having no compresses. 

WEATHERFORD, Tex. 
County seat of Parker County, ha^ 
4,000 inhabitants, and is the point 
of jrmction of the several railways 
traversing the coimty. It is admirably 
situated in the midst of a rich and 
fertile farming district, and is l,ooo 
feet above sea level. The city has 
3 national banks, 9 churches, 3 col- 
leges, good public and private schools, 
an opera house, an elegant court 
house, a street railway, a cotton gin, 
2 cotton compresses, a planing roill, 
bottling and pottery works, fine stone 
business blocks, and three weekly 
newspapers. The principal traffic of 
the city consists of the handling of 
cotton, grain, flour, castor oil, coal, 
live stock, hides, wool, garden truck 
and fruits. 

WICHITA FALLS, Tex. « 

On the Texas, Pan Handle Route; 
114 miles from Fort Worth, has a 
population of 3,500. 

The seat of Wichita county, known 
as the "banner wheat county of 
Texas", which is said to contain 
fully 90 per cent, of the best agri- 
cultural lands in the State. 

There are large roller flouring 
mills, cotton gin, fine churches and 
expensive school building, Board of 
Trade building, water-works, railroad 
machine shops, stock yards, electric 
light. 



408 



4 Important Gateways. 



TEXAS! 



P"P 



PACIFIC 



^•W RAILWAY j^^ 



"No trouble to answer questions." 
The great thoroughfare to and from 

-»► The new route of the celebrated "Sunset Limited" train. 
Elegant Pullman Buffet Sleepers 

(with observation vestibules). 
H CLudsoxne n© '%v Chair Oars 



-C^^^svv^^^ seats free. 



/^/2^^x> 



Fast Time. 



75 pound steel rails. — Electric headlights. 

Write for a descriptive book of "TEXAS". 



L. S. Thorne 

Vice Prest. & Gen'l, Mgr. 



E. P. Tupner 

General Passenger Agent. 



Dallas, Texas. 

409 



From Dallas to El Paso. 

A few brief statements about tbe present prosperity and 
prospective promise of that vast wealth producing section of the 
country along the Texas and Pacific Railway, between Dallas and 
El Paso, will, no doubt, be appreciated. To begin, attention must 
be called to the two important commercial, manufacturing and railway 
centers, Dallas and Fort Worth. No other cities of same size, in any 
country, can show public buildings, business houses, hotels and resi- 
dences, equal in style, size and elegance. In this respect, Dallas and 
Fort Worth stand proudly at the head of the list. The court houses, 
post offices, city halls, bank buildings, wholesale and retail buildings, 
churches, colleges, and public schools, hotels and splendidly designed 
residences of these two cities reflect great credit upon the inhabitants 
thereof. 

They are models of superior architectural beauty, and monuments 
of modern civilization. In addition to the picturesque architecture so 
conspicious in these two cities, they are great commercial emporiums 
and manufacturing centers, with railway facilities unsurpassed. 




New Union Depot, East Dallas, Tex. 

Westward, beginning at Weatherford and ending at Cisco, each 
a prosperous town on the Texas Pacific, lies the Mineral Mountain 

410 



Range, divided and subdivided by valleys of rich and fertile fruit aud 
farming lands. 




Muscat Raisin Grapes, Midland, Tex. 

These mountains treasure within their bosom inexhaustible mines 
of coal great reservoirs of gas, and lakes of oil, as well as many 
other wealth producing resources, too numerous to enumerate here. 
At Thurber and Strawn can be seen a slight demonstration of the 
possibilities of this rough and rugged chain of mountains. 




French Prune Orchard. Midland, Tes. 
411 



Thurber is now a city oi 3,500 people, supported entirely by 
the coal mining industry. Strawn's prosperity is also due to the 
same source, and with systematic effort, accompanied by skill and 
energy, industrial cities of 10,000 or more people can be built within 
five years. At Gordon, several bold flowing wells of gas await the 
coming of genius, that it may do economic service, and exercise the 
energy of its force. To the northwest of this, springs of oil ooze 
slowly from the mountain side, merely manifesting to human kind 
that, down beneath these undulating surfaces, bountiful stores of oil 
await the explorer's piercing drill. Still farther westwards, comes 
Eastland, Cisco and Baird, all good towns, underlaid with thick 
stratas of coal, and surrounded by valleys of rich lands. Then comes 
beautiful Abilene, the queenly belle ot the prairies, a city of 5,000 
population, whose citizens are intelligent, prosperous and enterprising. 
Abilene is the county seat of a very rich agricultural country, and is 
the shipping point for a number of counties lying north and south ot 
the Texas and Pacific Railway. Her educational advantages are 
excellent. The next county seat is Sweetwater. 



Apple Orchand, Midland, Tex. 

This name is very suggestive. It denotes that the water of the 
whole "Sweetwater county", which comprises about a dozen counties, 
is good, wholesome water, pleasant to the taste; it does not mean 
that the water has a saccharine taste, but its name is to indicate that 
the water flowing from the myriads of springs wh'ich feed Sweetwater 
Creek is free from taste of mineral substances. Probably no city in 

412 



the State is so lavorably situated, and so fortunately blessed by 
beneficent conditions to-day as is Sweetwater, a town of only 800 
people. It is situated on the main line of the Texas and Pacific 
Railway, and the new railroad, "the Colorado Valley", is being built 
through the city, north and south, giving direct short line to the Gulf 
of Mexico and to the northern markets. The general offices and railway 
shops of this road are to be built here. Two hundred graders and a 
large force of track layers are now building this road. The largest 
and best equipped canaigre tanning plant in the South has just been 
located here, and though not entirely equipped, it is turning out 500 
tanned hides pee week. 

A sixty- foot stratum of salt has been found at a depth of 200 
feet. The country adjacent is very rich, and phenomenal prosperity is 
assured for the new year. Farther westward is Colorado City, the 
county seat of Mitchell County, and situated near the center. This 
county consists of undulating prairies, traversed by numerous water 
courses, with broad and beautiful valleys. As a stock farming county, 
Mitchell county has few equals in this country. The Texas and the 
Lone Star Salt Companies works are located in this city. Then follow 
Big Springs, Marienfeld, Midland and Odessa, all thriving cattle 





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413 



centers. These cities are exceptionally prosperous, and they are 
composed of greater percentage of wealthy people than any other cities 
on the line. They are surrounded by a rich country. 

At Pecos City, the most peculiar, as well as the greatest 
natural advantages are present, but unde veloped. Avast section of 
level rich land, with crystal pure and sparkling water gushing swiftly 
through the pipes of forty artesian wells, and raising itself, through 
pipes, thirty feet above the level, a sight worth seeing, a wonder 
worth contemplating, an opportunity to enlist the attention of the 
promotive genius. From the depot at this place the Davis and other 
mountains fifty to eighty miles away can be seen. These mountains 
are rich in both gold and silver ore, but are yet unexplored. The 
imaginary line between Uncle Sam and Mexico has, by the aid of 
Mexico's historic data easily passed the prospector. 




Celery Farm, Pecos Valley. 

Last, but not least, the city of El Paso comes up for its share 
of praise; it has within its grasp the greatest opportunities, the 
grandest glories, and most phenomenal achievements offered any 
city in America. It is destined to be the home of the millionaire 
miner, the cattle baron, the merchant prince, the promoter,' proud 
and buoyant, the sportsman, the health-seeker, and last, but not least 

414 




Chair Cars. 



f J 




-Making, Near Baird, Tex. 
415 



poteut, the seat of learning of the great Southwest. The citizens of 
El Paso contemplate holding an International Frontier Fiesta in 1898. 
It should be a repository of the products of the United States and 
the Republic of Mexico. It can be made the most unique and enter- 
aining exhibition attempted during the century. 



0^ 



416 



UTAH. 



James Bridget, a trapper on Bear 
River, discovered Salt Lake in 1825. 
Some exploration parties reached the 
Lake and, in 1842, caravans of emi- 
grants began to move across Utah 
on their way to California. 

In the spring of 1847, after their 
expulsion from Nauvoo, 1200 Mor- 
mons lay in camps in J^owa, and 
Brigham Young and 142 picked men 
marched westward to find a new 
home for their people beyond the 
United States. July 4th, 1847, the 
first immigration of l650 persons 
started westward from Council Bluffs. 
Year after year brought its new 
convoys of religious enthusiasts, 
until a powerful community had risen 
in this new Holy Land, with Utah 
Lake for its sweet Gensai-et and the 
River Jordan flowing thence to the 
Dead Sea of the Great Salt Lake. 
Utah came to the Republic with the 
great cession made by Mexico in 1848, 
and in 1850 was formed into a 
TeiTitory, including, besides, its 
present area, part of Nevada, Colorado 
and Wyoming. In 1857 the Federal 
officials left Utah in fear of their 
lives ; and the Territory was regarded 
as in insxirrection. 

The Mormons have increased with 
great rapidity. They are devoted 
to a rural life, with many scattered 
villages, self supporting and export- 
ing nothing. Much trade in the 
Territory is carried on by Zion's 
Co-operative Merchantile Institution. 

Utah became a State in 1896 

Its population in 1890 was 207,905 
and its area 84,970 square miles. 
Utah is an Indian word, meaning "A 



home on a mountain top". The 
Mormons called their State "Deseret", 
which means tlte "Honey Bee". 

Utah is also called the Inter- 
Mountain Territory. 

AMERICAN FORK, Utah. 
Pop., 4,400; from Lehi, three miles. 
Is called the "gem" of the Mormon 
towns. It has all the characteristics 
of the most attractive Mormon 
settlements - fruit orchards, broad 
streets bordered by rippling brooks, 
cozy homes, and apparently a happy 
and contented people. The town is 
situated on Deer creek, a rushing 
stream, which comes down the 
American Fork caSon. From here 
by carriage up the caaon. We pass 
"Lion Rock", "Telescope Peak" with 
the "Devil's Eye". About three miles 
from the south of American Fork 
canon is "Hanging Rock". 

LOGAN, Utah. 

The seat of Cache County, situated 
on the east side of Cache Valley 
close to the mountains, just below 
the mouth of Logan Canon. It has 
a population of 6,000. 

The city contains two flourishing 
mills, a woolen-mill, the railroad 
machine and repair shops of a division, 
one bank, a brewery, a branch of 
the Z. C. M. I., besides a variety of 
stores and shops and small manufac- 
turing establishments. 

The new tabernacle is of cut stone 
and seats 2,500 people. 

OGDEN, Utah. 

Population 18,000, the seat of 
Weber County on the Ogden riyer. 



417 



ihe tf. P. Depot is one mile west I tions in tills vicinity. The sceneiy 
of the cit)\ The city is situated at j is grand and interesting. In places 
the western base of the Wahsatch the granite walls rise on each side 
mountains. 1,500 feet, and for a considerable 

Ogden canon is one of the attrac- distance not more than 150 feet apart. 




WEBE3 Canon. Utah. 



Echo Canqn, Utah. 




ame> Monument. 



1000 MILES TREE. 



PROVO, Utah. 

Pop., 6,000; from Salt Lake City, 
45 miles; elevation, 4,517 feet. Is 
the seat of Utah county. Was settled 



in 1849, and is an incorporated city, 
with all the requisit municipal ofhcers. 
It is situated just below the mouth 
of Provo cafion on the east bank of 
Utah lake. 



418 



SALT LAKE CITY, Utah. 

The capital of the State of Utah, 
built upon the site of the first 
settlement in Utah, one of the 
historic and one of the most beautiful 
cities of the United States. Its 
population 65,000. 

Salt Lake is about midway between 
San Francisco and Denver, and is 
beautifully situated. The majestic 
peaks of the Wahsatch rise above its 
head, and the lovely and fertile 
valley of the Great Salt Lalke flows 
away in vernal billows from its feet. 
As a commercial and railroad point. 
Salt Lake ihas no competitor in the 
inter -mountain country. Indeed, it 
may be said in every sense to be 
the center of that great region. It 
is the headquarters of many great 
mining companies, and is the location 
of some of the largest smelters and 
mineral mills in the West. From 
it is distributed the products of the 
farmer and manufacturer, and its 
wholesale houses Send their goods 
for hundreds of miles in every 
direction. It is and will always be, 
the chief city between Denver and 
S^an Francisco. 

Among the many attractions which 
invite the tourist; on every side in 
Salt Lake may be mentioned Beck's 
Hot Springs. , 



These springs are in the northeru 
part of the city, about three miles 
from the business center, on the 
Western point of the mountain range. 
The waters are used both internally. 

The Warm Sulphur Springs are 
situated about one mile from the 
business - center of the city and 
can be easily reached by street 
cars. This spring flows in a bold 
stream from beheath a perpendicular 
rock and has a temperature of about 
128 degrees Fahr. It is necessary 
to temper this boUing flood with 
cold water before it can be used for 
bathing purposes. 

Agents of the North German Lloyd : 

7. A. Benton, Salt Lake City, Utah. 

H. M. Clay, C. P. & T. A. U. P.: 
System, Salt Lake City, Utah. 

L. J. Kyes, C. P. & T. A., Ore' 
Short Line, Salt Lake City Utah. 



UTAH LAKE. Utah. 

Is a body of fresh water, 30 miles 
long and six miles wide; is fed by 
Provo river, American Fork, Spanish 
Fork, Hobble, Salt and Peteetweet 
creeks, having its outlet through 
Jordan river, which runs north and 
empties into Great Salt lake. 



419 



19 



VERMONT. 



The name of the State is derived 
from the old French "Verts Monts" 
or "Green Mountains". Populary it 
is called "The Green Mountain 
State" in allusion to its chief geog- 
raphical feature, beautiful in scenic 
effect, and rich in its inexhaustible 
treasures of marble and granite. 

BELLOWS FALLS, Vt. 
Amid grand mountains-sceneiy at 
the white and impetuous falls of the 
Connecticut, a well-known railroad 
centre and summer resort, with a 
population of 3,092 in 1890. The 
Falls are a series of rapids in the 
Connecticut, extending about a mile 
along the base of a high and precip- 
itous hill, known asMt. Kilbum, which 
skirts the river on the New Ham- 
phire side. In the immediate neigh- 
borhood are the Abenaquis Springs, 
highly tonic and possessing medic- 
inal properties. 

BURLINGTON, Vt. 

Burlington is nationally known as 
the Queen city of Vermont. Built upon 
a hUl which rises gradually from 
the shores of Lake Champlain and 
holds a wide view of water and 
landscape, its location is a command- 
ing one. On the crest of the hill 
overlooking the city stands the 
University of Vermont. 

The glory of Burlington is the 
splendor of its landscape. 

To be reached by the West Shore 
R. R. 



MONTPELIER, Vt 
The Capital of the State on the 
Winooski River, in a narrow valley 
surrounded by hills, 10 mis. of the 
centre of Vermont, 4,160 inh. It 
has handsome Federal and State 
buildings, the most prominent of 
which is the State Capitol. The 
picturesque Benjamin Falls are 
within a mile of Montpelier. 
Railroad: Central Vermont R. R. 

RUTLAND, Vt. 

A prosperous town of 11,760 inh., 
166 mis. from Boston, and 68 from 
Burlington picturesquely situated in 
the Otter Creek Valley. Fine public 
and commercial buildmgs, including 
the State Workhouse and the House 
Scale Works, numerous quarries 
and marble - works in its vicinity 
now organized into one corporation, 
the largest in the world of its kind, 
and which controls the price of 
marble throughout the United States. 
It is a popular summer -resort from 
which pleasant excursions may be 
made. 

Railroad: Central Vermont R. R. 

St. ALBANS. Vt. 

A pretty village upon an elevated 
plateau, 3 mis. from Lake Champ- 
lam, 121 mis. from White Rivet 
Junction, a population of about 7,500. 
The extensive shops of the Central 
Vermont R. R. are located here, 
and the village is noted as the 
market place of the great butter 
and cheese business of Franklin Co. 

Railroad: Central Vermont 



420 



YIRGIIIA. 



The enormous portion of America 
between Cape Fear and Halifax ori- 
ginally bore the name Virginia. In 
1606 King James I. divided this empire 
into three districts. In 16l9 a Dutch 
vessel brought the first negro slaves 
to Virginia. In 1634 Virginia became 
a Crown Colony, and remained such 
for nearly 150 years. Although her 
commerce with Britain exceeded that 
of any other colony, Virginia took 
a leading part in inaugurating the 
Revolution, and the Declaration .of 
Independence was proposed in Con- 
gress by her deputies after the Revo- 
lution Virginia ceded to the United 
States, Kentucky and the vast domain 
northwest of the Ohio. 

Early in 1861 the people of Virginia 
refused to secede from the Union. 
It was only when Lincoln called for 
troops, that the majority was chan- 

fed, and Virginia decided to cast 
er lot with the Southern States, 
though she knew that her soil would 
be the battle field. 

In 1890 Virginia had a population 
of 1,655 980, of which 540,850 are 
colored. Its area is 42,450 square 
miles. 

Virginia has several pet names. 
The title. Old Dominion, refers to 
the loyalty of Virginia to the Stuart 
dynasty. The State is also called 
The Mother of Presidents, because 
four out of the first five Presidents 
of the Republic were natives of her 
soil. Each of these served for two 
terms. The first Harrison, Tyler and 
•Taylor were a so born in Virginia. 

HAMPTON, Va. 
82 mis. south-east of Richmond 
and 2 mis. from Fort Mouroe, near 
the mouth of the James river, is 



reached by the Chesapeake & Ohio 
R. R. in about 3 hours. It is a hand- 
some village of 2513 inh. ; and remar- 
kable as seat of some public instiu- 
tion of note. It is the seat of the 
Southern branch of the National 
Home for Disabeld Volunteer 
Soldiers. 

LYNCHBURG, Va. 

173 mis. from Washington D. C, 
a city of about 20,000 inh., deriving 
its importance from the lines of rail- 
way which center here, and the 
extent and character of its manufac- 
tures, and especially from its large 
trade in tobacco, which is the chief 
article of export. 
Agents of the North German Lloyd: 
Henry Brandt, 116 Church St., 
Norfolk Va. 

Wm. Lamb 
Norfolk Va. 



& Co., 36 Main St., 



NORFOLK, Va. 

Reached by steamer down James 
River, running a distance of 116 mis. 
from Richmond, or by rail. 

It has some 37,000 inhabitants 
and is, after Richmond, the most 
populous city in Virginia. 

Agents of the North German Lloyd: 

Henry Brandt, 116 Church St., 
Norfolk Va. 

Wm. Lamb & Co., 36 Main St., 
Norfolk Va. 

PETERSBURG, Va. 
The third city in Virginia in popula- 
tion (about 26,000), is a port of 
entry situated at the head of naviga- 
tion on tiie Appomattox River, 



421 



19 « 



distant hj railM'ay from Richmond 
22 miles, from Fredericksburg 82 
miles, from Washington City 152 mis. 
Its trade is large, the handling of 
tobacco and cotton, with wheat, corn, 
and general country produce, being 
the chief business. 

PORTSMOUTH, Va. 

A busy city of about 15,0Q0 inh., 
directly opposite Norfolk, and con- 
nected by ferry. Its harbor is one 
of the best on the Atlantic coast, 
and is accessible by the largest 
vessels. At Gosport, the south 
extremity of the city, is ^a United 
States Navy Yard, which contains 
a Dry Dock constructed of granite. 
in its vicinit)^ is the United States 
Naval Hospital, a spacious brick 
edifice on the bank pf the Elizabeth 
river, with accomodations for 600 
patients. i 

The Seabord and Roanoke Rail- 
way comes in at Portsmouth from 
Weldon, N. C, 79 mis. distant, w^here 
connection is made with through 
routes to the South. 

Virginia Beach below Cape Henry 
is a very popular sea-beathing place, 
surrounded by forests, on the Atlantic 
coast. It is quickly reached by rail 
from Norfolk. 

RICHMOND, Va. 
The capital of the "Old Dominion," 
as Virgmia is familiarly called. 
Though Richmond is not a great 



capital, it is, nevertherless, flourishing 
and interesting city, and now prob- 
ably contains nearly 90,000 inhab- 
itants, two-thirds of this number 
being white, and the rest black. 

The Capitol, the City Hall, the 
Penitentiary, the Custom House, are 
note-worthy edifices. 

The Rapids or Falls of James 
River, which 'extend 6 miles above 
the city, and have a descent of 80 feet, 
afford valuable water power. 

The commerce is large, the chief 
articles of export being tobacco, 
cigarettes, wheat and flour. The 
manufactures include ii'on- works, 
machine-shops, foundries, sugar-refi- 
neries, cigar -factories, coach and 
wagon factories, furniture, sheetings, 
and shirtings, and stoneware. , 

Railroads: Chesapeake and Ohio; 
R. & D. 

Agents of the North German Lloyd : 
Henn. Schmidt, 500 Eest Broad 

St., Richmond Va. 
And Welsh, Richmond, Adams Ex 

Co., Va. 

WYTHEVILLE, Va. 

One of the most popular summer 
resorts in south-western Virginia 
80 mis. from Roanske and 70 mis. 
Irom Bristol, Tenn., on the Norfolk 
and Western R. R. 

Nestled in a fertile and highly- 
cultivated valley which affords a 
charming scene of rural prosperity is 
this quamt Virginian town. 



■122 



WASHINGTOH. 



Washington is the most north- 
western State of the Union, facing 
the Pacific Ocean on the west and 
British Columbia on the north. It 
has an area of 69,994 square miles, 
of which 66,880 square miles, or 
42,803,200 acres, are land. It is about 
once and a half the size of Penns- 
ylvania, and resembles that State in 
so many respects that it is sometimes 
called the Pennsylvania of the North- 
west. It has important mines of 
coal and iron, large areas of valuable 
timber, and extensive districts of 
rich farming lands. It has also thfe 
advantage of important harbors on 
the. Pacific Ocean and of the great 
inland sea, Puget Sound, which is 
one immense harbor and stretches 
into the interior of the State for a 
distance of obout 100 miles. The 
population of Washington is now 
about 450,000. The largest cities are 
Tacoma and Seattle on Puget S^ound, 
population over 55,000 each, and 
Spokane in Eastern Washington, 
population 30,000. 

The climate of Washington is mild 
and agreeable, and is different from 
that of any Eastern State. West of 
the Cascade Mountains there is a 
heavy rainfall from November to 
April, with very little snow, and not 
enough cold air to k;ill vegetation. 
In the summer there is but little rain 
and the atmosphere is cool and 
agreeable. East of the Cascade 
Mountains the rain-fall is comperat- 
ively light; the winters are colder, 
though not severe, and the summers 
are long and dry. A large portion 
of the State of Washington is covered 



with forest and a considerable part 
of it is; mountainous, not fit to be 
brought under cultivation. About 
one-fifth' of the total area may be 
classed as agricultural land. The 
largest areas suited to farming are 
in Eastern Washington, and are 
comprised in the rolling plains of 
thePalouse country, south of Spokane, 
and the Big Bend country, west of 
Spokane. In these districts wheat- 
raising is the chief Industry. The 
rain-fall is sufficient for all crops 
and the yield of small grains is 
remarkably large when compared 
with the averages in the Eastern 
States. All the fruits and berries of 
the temperate zone grow throughout 
this region, and peaches grow with 
marked success on the warm bottom- 
lands along the Snake and other 
rivers, 

Another important agricultural 
district is that of the valley of the 
Yakima, in Central Washington, 
extending from theCascadeMountains 
to theColumbia River. Here irrigation 
is practiced on a large scale by 
means of long main-line canals, with 
branches and laterals. This valley 
in climate is almost as warm as 
Califominan valleys, and where the 
lands are irrigated they produce 
surprising results in crops of alfalfa, 
hops, small grains, and m the rapid 
development of fruit trees and their 
regular bearing. The market fruits 
of the region are apples, peaches, 
apricots, prunes, plums, cherries, 
strawberries, raspberries, goose- 
berries, and melons. Fruit culture 
is constantly extending, with the 



423 



future of not only supplying the home 
markets of Washington, but of 
shipping to markets as far east as 
St. Paul, Minneapolis, Duluth, and 
Chicago. 

Still other valuable farming regions 
aboimd in Western Washmgton in 
the valleys and adjoining uplands of 
the streams flowing into Puget Sound, 
into the Pacific Ocean, and into the 
Columbia River. Farms in these 
valleys have been cleared of the 
primeval forests. "When cleared the 
land is excellent for general farming, 
for fruit culture, hop-raising, forage 
corps, and for d£iirymg. 

ABERDEEN, Wash. 
N. P. R. Including South Aber- 
deen, population 3,0U0. stands at the 
head of Gray's Harbor Ba^y, and at 
the mouths of the Chehalis and 
Wishkah rivers The leading bus- 
iness interest is lumbering, There 
are four saw and shingle mills with 
a capacity of 600,000 feet per day. 
Salmon packing is carried on to a 
considerable extent. A large foundry 
and machine shop, with every appli- 
ance for mill or steamer work, 
employs a large force of men. In 
addition Aberdeen has over seventy 
stores and other business houses, a 
large ship-yard, three salmon can- 
neries, three newspapers. $ 25,000 
school buildings, churches, good 
opera house, seating capacity 500, 
electric light plant, water - works 
system, a board of trade, good hotels, 
one bank, etc. Principal shipments: 
lumber and salmon. 

AINSLIE, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 525. 
two hotels, hall, school furniture 
factory, large saw mill, and electric 
lights. Good fishing and hunting. 

ALMOTA, Wash. 
O. R. &N. System. Population 200, 
is on the Snake River. It has one 
hotel, one store, one school building, 
one church. Products: wheat, oats, 
barley and flax. Wheat is the prin- 
cipal shipment. Fish : trout and 
salmon. 

ANACORTES, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. On tidewater 



called Ship Harbor, population 1,500 
has two saw mills, shingle mill, two 
banks, six general merchandise 
stores, three hotels, schools, churches, 
newspaper, water-works, etc. Sur- 
rounding country good farming land, 
but generally heavily timbered. 
Products: oats, potatoes, and fruit. 
Gcime: deer, ducks, geese, etc. 

AUBURN, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 750, 
has about fifty business enterprises, 
besides a large saw mill, two shingle 
mills, etc. It also has two churches, 
a graded school, bank, newspaper, 
carriage factory, etc. Situated mid- 
way between Tacoma and Seattle, 
in the midst of a fine agricultural 
and lumber district. Auburn offers 
exceptional advantages to either the 
merchant or farmer. 

BALLARD, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 2,500, 
is situated on Salmon Bay, with a 
deepwater outlet to Puget Sound; 
has electric railway connecting with 
Seattle, three miles distant, eight 
churches, two public halls, electric 
lights, foundry and machine shop, 
boiler shop, eight shingle mills and 
four lumber mills, stores, bank, two 
schools, two ship yards, etc. 

BELMONT, Wash. 
U. M. R. Palouse & Lewiston 
Branch. Whitman county, pop- 
ulation 50, has one general store, 
a blacksmith shop, hotel, school, 
livery stable, and three grain ele- 
vators. The lands adjacent to Bel- 
mont are well adapted to the raising 
of wheat and barley. 

BLAINE, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 2,000, 
is opposite the Straits of San Juan 
de Fuca, on the east shore of Puget 
Sound. The city has water works 
and electric light plants, five hotels, 
two newspapers, three public schools, 
six churches, two National banks, four 
saw mills, graded streets, and many 
well established business enterprises. 
Surrounded by a fine agricultural 
and mineral country. 



424 



BUCKLEY, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 1,500, 
has ten stores, four hotels, school, 
weekly-newspaper, hall, seven lumber, 
planing, and shingle mills, one sash 
and door factory, etc. Hops and 
lumber the principal shipments. 

BUCODA, Wash. 
N. P. R L. S. D. Population 800, 
has three general stores, saw mill, 
two shingle . mills, and dne hotel. 
Coal mining is extensively carried on 
Shipments: coal, lumber, and farm 
produce. Plenty of game. 

CARBONADO, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Is on the Carbon 
River, with a population of 1,500. 
Principal business interest is coal 
mining, from a mine yielding 900 
tons daily. Carbonado has one 
hotel, two halls, one store, two 
churches and three schools. Products 
and shipments: coal and lumber. 
Deer, grouse, trout and salmon 
abundant. 

CASCADES, Wash. 

N. P. R. L. S. D. Is situated on 
the north bank of the Columbia 
River, sixty-three miles east of Port- 
land, and is reached by steamers. 
The landings are known as Upper 
Cascades and Lower Cascades, the 
latter being the landing for Cascades 
P. O. There is a portage around 
the Cascades, of six miles of rail- 
road on the north bank, connecting 
the steamers on the Lower and 
Middle Columbia, Puget Sound and 
S. & I. points. 

CASTLE ROCK, Wash. 
Population 1,200, has water system 
and electric lights, nineteen stores, 
two hotels, three steam shingle mills, 
cutting about 200,000 shingles per 
day, three, saw mills, two halls, three 
churches, one bank, and a school 
house. Logging, farming and raising 
of fruit and hops, the prmcipal occu- 
pations. Coal mining is also carried 
on near this place. 

CENTRALIA, Wash. 
_ N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 3,000, 
is one mile from the Chehalis River, 
a small stream, and has fom; hotels, 



two weekly newspapers, several saw 
and shingle mills, two sash and 
door factories, good hotels, stores 
representing all branches of business, 
schools, churches, etc. The Baptist 
denomination have lately erected a 
fine seminary. Lumbering and 
farming are the principal industries, 
also mining is being carried on 
quite extensively near the town. 
Surrounded by mountainous, tim- 
bered country. Game: deer, bear, 
grouse. Fish; trout and salmon. 
The branch line to Montesano on 
Gray's Harbor connects with the 
main line at this point. Passengers 
from the east for the Gray's Harbor 
go via Tacoma and Olympia. 

CHEHALIS, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. County seat of 
Lewis Co. on river of Chehalis, and 
near mouth of Newaukum River, 
has 2,500 inhabitants, six hotels, 
three halls, two opera hjouses, seating 
capacity 500 each, twenty stores, 
three newspapers, two school houses, 
and five churches, two banks, flouring 
mill, four shingle mills, two saw 
mills, furniture factory, electric lights 
and water works, etc. General farm 
products. Shipments: hops, flour 
stock, lumber, shingles, fish, etc. 
Game abundant: deer, beai", cougar, 
panther, elk, wildcat, ducks, etc. 
Fish: trout and salmon. A line is 
now completed to South Bend on 
Willapa Harbor. 

CHENEY, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. In. Spokane 
county, population 1,200, is situated 
in good farming country with abun- 
dant timber. Is on the great plateau 
of the Columbia, 2,300 feet above 
sea-level. There are several lakes 
in the neighborhood, three possessing 
medicinal properties. It has three 
hotels, two banks, a roller flower 
mill, two creameries, water-works, 
electric light, one public hall, eigh- 
teen stores, two papers, one State 
normal school, and four churches. 
The new "Hotel Eaton," opened in 
August, 1892, is suplied with all 
modern conveniences, and is first- 
class in every particular. Game: 
deer, bear, prairie chicken. Fish: 
trout. The Central Washington 



42(5 



R- R. leave the main line at this 
point, and runs north and west to 
Medical Lake Davenport, Almira, 
Coulee City, etc. 

CLEALUM JUNC, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 700, 
located on the Yakima River, has 
six stores, three hotels, weekly 
newspaper, church, school, hall, one 
livery stable two saw mills and two 
blacksmith shops. This is a fine 
mineral section, coal, copper, iron 
and silver being found near by. 
Diverging point for the famous 
Pechastin, Swauk, and Fish Lalce 
mining districts. Game and fish 
abundant. 

COLFAX, Wash. 
O. R. & System. County seat of 
Whitman county, is the center of 
an extensive and fertile region,having, 
a large mercantile trade. A Govern- 
ment Land Office is located here. 
Population about 2,500. 

COLTON, Wash. 
M. U. R. Palouse & Lewiston 
Branch. Population 750, has a flour- 
ing mill, church, bank, two general 
merchandise stores; two blacksrnith 
shops, weekly paper and job print- 
ing office, large stock yards, new 
hotel, brick yard, three livery stables, 
two hardware stores, agricultural 
implement warehouse, three elevators, 
etc. Has a public school, besides 
the St. Scholastica Academy, which 
is a Catholic institution for ladies. 
This is the center of over 100 square 
miles of fine wheat-producing land. 
Opera house, seating capacity 800. 

COSMOPOLIS, Wash. 
N. P. R. Population 500, is on 
the south bank of the Chehalis River, 
about a mile above Aberdeen. An 
avenue joining the two is to be 
constructed, thus practically uniting 
their interests. Has hotel, two 
churches, hall, school, newspaper, 
salmon cannery, saw mill, shingle 
mills. Principal shipments, lumber 
and salmon. 

COULEE CITY, Wash. 
Central Washington. Population 
200, the present terminus of the 



C. W. R. R. Stages to points in the 
Okanogan mining district. 

CROCKER, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Is the jimction 
point for branch line running to 
Douty, five miles distant, at which 
point are located the Caibon Hill 
coal mines. 

DAVENPORT, Wash. 
Central Washington. Population 
1,000, has several stores, three hotels, 
brewery, newspaper, two elevators, 
a national bank, public school^ 
churches, one planing mill, two floirr 
mills, and sash and door factory, 
also a pop factory, etc. Surrounded 
by a rich agricultural countiy on 
the border of the famous "Big Bend." 
Horses and cattle raised in large 
numbers and constitute the principal 
shipment. Small game in abundance 

DAYTON, Wash. 
N. P. R. Washington & Columbia 
River Ry. Population, 2,300 county 
seat located on the Touchet River. 
This is the present terminus of the 
W. & C. R. Ry. This city is lighted 
by electricity, has an active Board 
of Trade, fine water power, etc. All 
branches of industry incident to a 
city of its size are represented in 
Dayton. There are about forty 
business houses, two weekly news- 
papers, two flouring mills, a planing 
mill, three chop mills, one foundry, 
four public schools, eight churches, 
court-house, ten saw mills near by, 
a furniture factory, three hotels, etc. 
Products: wheat, barley, oats, and 
all kinds of fruits and vegetables. 

DIXIE, Wash. 
N. P. R. Washington & Columbia 
River Ry. Population 100, has three 
churches, a public school, feed mill 
three stores, two hotels, etc. Situated 
in a fine wheat and fruit country 
and offers good inducements for a 
general store and other branches of 
business. 

DURHAM, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 200, 
is on the branch line running from 
Palmer, distant three miles. It is 



426 



the center of a rich mineral country, 
which is being rapidly developed. 

EAGLE GORGE, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Is a small town in 
theforest, on Green River, surrounded 
by picturesque mountain scenery. 
Trout fishing good: bear, mountain 
lions, wild cats, and deer are found 
in the dense fir and cedar woods. 

EASTON, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 100, 
lies at the foot of the eastern slope 
of the Cascade Mountains. Here 
the railroad begins to ascend on a 
standard mountain grade of 116 feet 
to tUe mile. Magnificent views are 
seen from the car windows. Fine 
fishing. 

ELBERTON, Wash. 
O. R. & N. System. Population 250, 
has two stores, one hotel, one flour 
mill, one saw mill, two large ware- 
houses, etc. Situated on the Palouse 
River. 

ELLENSBURG, Wash. 
N. P. S. L. S. D. Population 3,000, 
is 37 miles north of North Yakima 
and one mile from the Yakima 
River. It is the county seat of 
Kittitas county and the railroad 
headquarters for the Cascade Division. 
It has good water power, two 
flouring mills, saw mill, planing mill, 
five hotels, bank, twenty stores, 
three newspapers and one school 
building, also Washington State 
Normal school. In the adjacent 
mountains $75,000 has been taken 
out of placer gold mines, and 
equally as large an amount from 
quartz rock, by most primitive pro- 
cesses. Recently an extensive deposit, 
bearing 50 to 80 per cent, in copper 
and $15 to $1,000 in silver per ton, 
and in the same vicinity good 
bituminous coal, in five to eight 
feet veins, has been found. Rich 
veins of copper ore have also been 
discovered. Ellensburgh is situated 
in Kittitas Valley, 15 to 20 miles 
long, -and is surrounded on the east 
and south by bunch grass hills and 
table lands, and on the north and 
(vest by the semi-timbered lands of 
the Cascade Mountains. Products: 



grain, hay, stock. Shipments: live 
stock of all kinds, wool and bacon. 
Large and small game and fish 
abundant. 

ELMA. Wash. 
N. P. R. Population 900, is situated 
one mile from the Chehalis River, 
in the heart of a rich agricultural 
region; coal, iron, brick and potters' 
clay are found in large quantities. 
Inexhaustible forests of fir, spruce, 
cedar, ash, and maple timber near 
by. Eight stores, public school, five 
churches, bank, two hotels, weekly 
paper and opera house, six steam 
saw mills, two shingle mills and 
one grist mill. 

EVERETT, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Located on Port 
Gardner, an inlet of Puget Sound. 
The Snohomish River forms the 
eastern boundary of the city, and is 
navigable from its mouth to a point 
ten or twelve miles above the city 
for steamers of comparatively light 
draught. It is proposed, however, 
to dredge out this river and form an 
extensive fresh-water harbor. Everett 
was founded some years ago, and is 
recognized as an important manufac- 
turing center. The Pacific Steel 
Co.'s plant is located at Everett, on 
the Snohomish River, and is a 
branch of the American Steel Barge 
Co., of West Superior. They have 
constructed two whaleback steamers 
especially adapted for Pacific Ocean 
navigation. The Puget Sound Pulp 
& Paper Co. are located at East 
Everett, and have the most complete 
plant for the production of paper on 
the Pacific Coast, their product being 
manufactured from spruce and 
Cottonwood timber. The Puget 
Sound Wire Nail Co. have a very 
extensive plant for the manufactm-e 
of steel wire nails here. The city 
has a population of 5,000 people, 
has three banks, three newspapers, 
and the usual number of churches 
and schools; well equipped with 
telephone. District Messenger, Trans- 
fer Co., and such conveniences. 
There are two railroads, the Great 
Northern and the Everett & Monte 
Cristo Railway, the trains of the 
latter Company connecting at 



427 



Snohomisli with all trains on the 
S. & I. R'y, which connects with the 
N. P. R. R. at Seattle. The E. &. M. 
C. R'y is being completed from 
Everett to the famous Monte Cristo 
mining district, which from all 
indications is rich in precious metals. 
This road will be completed this 
summer, and W5is built to bring 
these ores to the Puget Sound 
Reduction Works, located at Everett, 
and which are now about completed. 
These works are the most extensive 
of the kind on the coast. There are 
seven saw and shingle mills located 
at Everett, whose product is shipped 
largely to Eastern markets. 
FAIRFIELD, Wash. 
O. R. & N. System. Population 200, 
has two hotels, a public hall, one 
school, four general stores, two 
elevators, two warehouses, lumber 
yard, etc. Situated in good farming 
district, with abundance of water 
and timber at hand. 

FAIRHAVEN, Wash. 

N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 4,100, 
is a new town on Bellingham Bay, 
with a fine harbor. The water at 
low tide is thirty feet deep at the 
wharf, thus allowing all vessels to 
land at any time with safety. Its 
growth has been very rapid. At 
present it has gas, electric light, 
water works, electric railways, hotel, 
four banks, etc. 

FARMINGTON, Wash. 

M. U. R. Palouse & Lewiston 
Branch. Population 700, has a flour- 
ing mill, planing mill, machine and 
blacksmith shops, several general 
stores, newspaper, two hotels, pubUc 
hall, bank, school, churches, grain 
warehouses, electric light plant, etc. 
Surrounded by fine fruit and farm- 
ing country. This is the present ter- 
minus of the branch from Belmont. 

GARFIELD, Wash. 
M. U. R. Palouse & Lewiston 
Branch. Population 800, has ten 
general stores, two elevators, four 
warehouses, four halls, two hotels, 
churches, newspaper, bank, school, 
machine shops, flouring mill, water- 
works, etc. At this pomt connection 
is made with the U. P. for Colfax. 



GRAY'S -HARBOR. 
Is located nearly due west of 
Olympia, on the Pacific Coast line 
of the State of Washington. The 
bay is about eighteen miles in length, 
with a greatest width of fourteen 
miles, "rhe entrance to the bay 
from the ocean is across a bar, but 
as the depth of the water at low 
tide is twenty-two feet. It is not 
difficult for sailing vessels to enter. 
The surrounding country is covered 
with a dense forest growth, in which 
the Douglas fir largely predominates, 
spruce, cedar, and hemlock coming 
next in the order named. The country 
north of Gray's Harbor between the 
Olympic Range and the ocean is 
exceedingly productive. This strip, 
extending to the Strait of Fuca, 
is from 20 to 30 miles wide, 
and when dared of timber proves 
very rich and fertile. Numerous 
streams flow into the Harbor, 
the largest being the Humtulips, 
Hoquiam, Wishkah and Chehalis 
rivers. "The first three are navigable 
at high tide for a few miles from 
their mouths. On the Chehalis, 
steamers of considerable size ply 
regularly for a distance of thirteen 
miles, and occasionally trips cire 
made for thirty miles farther. Along 
the rivers and creeks the bottom 
lands have a very deep and rich 
alluvial soil, highly productive of 
wheat, oats, barlev, timothy, hops, 
clover, etc. This land is being rap- 
idly settled and developed. TheNorth- 
ern Pacific is now running trains to 
Aberdeen, and Ocosta. The chief 
points in this section are Hoquiam, 
Elma, Aberdeen, Cosmopolis, Monte- 
sano and Ocosta. 

HADLOCK, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. At the head of 
Port Townsend Bay, population 300, 
has a fine new saw mill, hotel, store, 
hall and school. 

HOQUIAM, Wash. 
N. P. R. Population 1,200, is 
situated at the mouth of the Hoquiam 
River. It has a sash and door fac- 
tory, saw mills, shingle mill under 
contract, two cabinet shops, church, 
school, four hotels, newpaper, etc. 



428 



"The Hoquiam" is a large, hand- 
some, modern hotel, standmg on the 
beach of the harbor, and is an 
attractive resort for tourists. Salnion 
fishing and canning is the principal 
fish industry, although cod, halibut, 
sea bass and trout are abundant. 
Products: fruits, vegetables, hay, etc. 
Shipments: principally lumlDer. 

HOT SPRINGS, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 100, in 
the valley of Green River, is fast 
becoming a noted health resort. 
Ample hotel accommodations. 

HUNT'S JUNCTION, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Is the junction 
point of the Northern Pacific and 
Wasla. & Col. River R. R., running 
to Walla Walla, Pendleton, Athena, 
Waitsburg, and Dayton. 

ILWACO BEACH, Wash. 

South Bend Line. Is the name 
given to the naiTOW split which divi- 
des Willapa Bay from the Pacific 
Ocean. It is eighteen miles long and 
from a half, to one and one-half 
miles wide. The Ilwako R. & N. 
Co. hasa narrow gange railroad run- 
ning along the beach for nearly its 
entire length. The beach has for 
years been a favorite summer resort, 
\he surf bathing unsurpassed, and 
ihe already large number of visitors 
is increasing yearly. There are 
Excellent hotel accomodations at a 
dozen points along the beach and 
hundreds of cottages. With the 
opening up Of direct rail communica- 
tion between this beach and the 
interior, by way of the railroad to 
South Bend Ilwaco will become a 
popular resort for the entire North- 
west. 

JOHNSON'S, Wash. 

M. U. R. Palouse & Lewiston 
Branch. Population 200, two general 
stores, one church, two gi^ain ele- 
vators, one drug store, hotel, livery, 
lumber yard, bank; and fruit is 
shipped m large quantities to Mon- 
tana and Idaho. 

KALAMA, Wash. 
Population 1,250, the county seat 
of Cowlitz County, is on the Co- 



lumbia River, northwest of Portland. 
It has two hotels, thirteen stores, 
tlu-ee saw and shingle mills, one 
bank, and three churches. Fishing 
principal industry, salmon and stur- 
geon being caught in large quantities. 
The largest sturgSon packing concern 
on the Pacific c6ast is located here. 
Has water power and electric lights 
Good harbor. 



KELSO, Wash., . 
Population 1,000, has seven general 
stores, two churches, two hotels, a 
weekly newspaper, a Presbyterian 
academy, two shingle mills, and one 
saw mill. It is situated at the con- 
fluence of the Coweman and Cowlitz 
r-ivers, logging streams, and is fast 
coming into notice as an enterprising 
town. 

KENNEWICK, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 150, 
situated on the west bank of the 
Columbia River, in the midst of a 
highly fertile, irrigated country. The 
town has ample water power for an 
electric light plant 'and waterworks. 
Kennewick is the distributing point 
for the country twenty miles north, 
south, and west. Large shipments 
of wheat, horses, cattle, sheep, and 
wool are made from here. Owing 
to its location on the Columbia 
River, and its elevation of 350 feet 
above sea level, it has as mild and 
delightful a climate as any town in 
Eastern Washington, this being a 
fine climate for raising fruits, veg- 
etables, grain, hops, etc. ■ A fine 
hotel has recently been built. One 
irrigating ditch has been completed 
and another nearly completed. Small 
game and fish in abundance. 



KENT, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 1,300, 
fifty stores, one bank, one news- 
paper, four hotels, town hall, saw, 
shingle, and planing mill, laundry, 
furnace factory, canning factory, and 
is in the center of a fine hop-grow- 
ing country. Surrounded by a rich 
agricultural country, and rapidly 
growing. 



429 



KIONA, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 25, 
situated on the Yakima River. A 
large irrigation canal has brought 
ander cultivation several thousand 
acres of good lands. This is in a 
fine valley for fmit raising. 

LA CONNER, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Near the north 
fork of the Skagit River, has a 
population of 600, three hotels, one 
public hall, six stores, one news- 
paper, one school building, and three 
churches. Hay presses, various 
agricultural implements, and furniture 
are manufactxrred here. Surrovmdiug 
country is rich bottom lands, with 
productions of oats, barley, wdieat, 
potatoes, hay, and fruit. Oats the 
principal shipment. Deer, salmon, 
trout, rock cod, etc., are abundant. 

LAKE VIEW, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 200. 
junction point for line to Olympia 
and Gray's Harbor country. Has 
hotel, rolling, planing, and feed 
mills. 

LESTER, Wash. 

N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 200. 
Lumbering principal industry. 

MABTON, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Stage leaves daily 
for the Sunnyside district, distance 
seven miles, faie $1. 

MARSHALL JUNCTION, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 100, 
has good water power, furnished by 
Lake Creek, a saw, mill, store, one 
hotel, and one school building. This 
is the junction point with the Palouse 
Branch, running south to Moscow 
and Genesee, Idaho, and passing 
tluough the fertile Palouse country. 

MARTIN, Wash. 

N. P. R. L. S. D. Is at east end of 
the Great Tunnel through the 
Cascade Momitains. Surromided b)' 
a heavily timbered country. Iron 
mines a few miles distant. 

The tunnel under Stampede Pass 
is nearly two miles long and is the 
second tunnel in length in the 
United .Stales, being exceeded only 



by the Hoosac Tunnel in Mas- 
sachusetts. 

MEDICAL LAKE, Wash. 

Central Washington R. R'. This 
remarkable lake is situated eight 
miles northwesterly from Cheney, 
on the Central Washington branch, 
in Spokane county, on ap elevated 
plateau, and surrounded by an ev- 
ergreen border of pine, fir and ta- 
marack timber. 

The lake is about a mile and a 
half long and half a mile wide. Its 
medicinal properties have been known 
to the Indians of the northwestein 
Pacific Coast from a time lar beyond 
the knowledge of the oldest inhab- 
itant, and it is held in great venera- 
tion by them as "Skookum Chuck, 
Pe Sauklee Tyee lUihe," or Strong 
Water from the Sacred Ground. 

There are many places along its 
pine-shaded banks yet to be seen 
where these people have piled rocks 
together for the purpose of heating 
them preparatory to taking a protract- 
ed sweat for the cure of rheumatism 
or other diseases. The lake has no 
visible outlet, but is constantlj'^ fed 
by two known and enormous springs. 
Careful analytical tests show twelve 
medicinal properties in its waters 
right from nature's own great lab- 
oratory. There are three good hotels, 
commodious bath houses, splendid 
drives, delightful camping places, 
and an abundance of fish in the 
other lakes in the immediate vicin- 
ity. Insane Asylum for Eastern 
Washington is situated here. No 
country affords a better field for the 
sportsman. 

Round-trip tickets to Medical Lake 
are on sale at St. Paul, Minneapolis, 
Duluth, and Ashland, af a low rate 
during the season. Stop-overs grant- 
ed at any point within liniit of 
'ticket. 

MONTESANO, Wash. 
N. P. R. Popidation 1,200, county 
seat of Chehalis County, is prac- 
tically the head of navigation on the 
Chehalis River. It has four general 
merchandise stores, three grocery 
stores, two drug stores, two saloons, 
bakery, jewelry store, photo gallery, 
two furniture stores, a furniture fac- 



430 



tory, harness shop, one sash, and 
door factory, one bank, four churches, 
public school, four hotels, two weekly 
papers, and the Chehalis valley 
Academy, etc. The surrounding 
country is well watered and all the 
conditions are excellent for general 
farming, dairying, and stock raising. 
Steamboats ply between Montesano 
and the towns on the harbor, and 
ships are loaded here with lumber. 

NAPA VINE, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 300, 
has four saw mills, three general 
stores, one hall, a school and church, 
Lmnbering is the principal business 
interest. 

NEW WHATCOM, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. The county seat 
of Whatcom County, located on 
Bellingham Bay, has a population of 
12,000. Lake Whatcom, which is 
thirteen miles long, distant three 
miles in the ruterior, and 307 feet 
above high tide on the bay, supplies 
the city with water and furnishes 
good water power. The city has 
three daily and two weekly papers, 
five public schools, seven churches, 
five banks, ten hotels, seven saw 
mills, with an aggregate capacity of 
500,000 feet daily, three shiagle 
mills, two sash and door factories, 
, numerous business enterprises 
representing all lines of industries, 
electric-light plant, and has seven 
miles of electric railway, etc. New 
Whatcom is a consolidation of the 
municipalities of Whatcom and 
Sehome. Coal mines yielding 
inexhaustible supply; iron mines 
undeveloped. Good farming "bot- 
tom lands", heavily covered with 
timber. Products: oats, hay, pota- 
toes, fruit, vegetables. Game of all 
kinds, and both salt and fresh water 
fish abundant. Immediately west 
of Whatcom, varying from eight to 
fifteen miles, are the famous islands 
in the San Juan group. Scenery 
and fishing on Lake Whatcom, very 
fine. 

NORTH YAKIMA, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 3,000, 
is situated at the junction of the 
Yakima and Nachess rivers, on a 



highly fertile, irrigated plain, and 
the N. P. Y. & K. I. Co. are con- 
structing a canal sixty miles long 
which will open for settlement 
thousands of acres of fine land in 
this section. The streets are planted 
on both sides with shade trees, and 
water is conducted through them in 
ditches. The town is supplied with 
water-works and sewer, and electric 
light plant, and has four hotels, a 
grist mill (capacity 100 barrels per 
day), one saw mill, three weekly 
newspapers, two banks, six churches, 
an opera house and two schools. 
The surrounding country is produc- 
tive of all kinds of grain, fruit, and 
hops, and the town is an important 
center of trade. Large consignments 
of cattle and hops are shipped from 
this station every season. 

OAKESDALE, Wash. 

M. U. R. Palouse & Lewiston 
Branch. Population 1,800, has three 
hotels, three banks, two schools, 
five churches, various stores, one 
newspaper, opera house seating 300, 
planing miU, flour mill, two ele- 
vators, electric lights, water-works, 
and seven grain warehouses. The 
surrounding country is rolling, well 
adapted to the raising of wheat, 
barley, oats, etc. 

OCOSTA, Wash. 

N. P. R. Population 400, is situated 
on the south side of Gray's Harbor. 
Pacific Ocean Terminus of the North- 
ern Pacific Ry., on the Bay of Gray's 
Harbor. Has large saws mills, sash 
and door factory, two shingle and 
cedar mills, brick yards and brewery. 
One newspaper, school building, and 
excellent hotel facilities. Both rail and 
steamer connections with all points on 
the coast and the interior. SouthBend 
and other points on Willapa Bay are 
reached from Aberdeen, Hoquiam 
and Ocosta by steamer to Peterson's 
Point, thence, by stage along the 
beach of the Pacific Ocean to North 
Cove and thence by steamer on 
Willapa Bay. This is a very attract- 
ive excursion for summer tourists 
on acount of its fine beach for 
bathing. 



431 



OLYMPIA, Wash. 
N. p. R. L. S. D. Population 5,000, 
capital of the State of Washington. 
:ind county seat of Thurston County, 
lyOcated at the head of Puget Sound, 
has fine harbor, can be reached by 
the largest vessels. On the North- 
ern Pacific Ry.'s Gray's Harbor line. 
Mas water works, electric leight, 
and street railway plant; telephone 
system, local and long distance; U. 
.S. Land Office, U. S. Surveyor- 
General's Office; one large hotel, 
115 rooms, and several smaller ones; 
two National banks, one daily and 
five weekly newspapers, one educa- 
tional magazine, new $ 1,000,000 
State capitol building, fine opera 
hoiise, seven church buildings, two 
college buildings, three large public 
school buildings, one business college, 
one hospital, three saw mills, one 
sash and door factory, one wood 
water pipe factory, sixty stores and 
business places. Products: Fruit, 
vegetables, hay, etc. Shipments: 
Lumber, shingles, ice, wood water 
pipe, clams, ovsters, and fish. Game: 
Bear, deer, ducks, geese, pheasants, 
quail, etc. Fish: Salmon, trout, smelt, 
clams, etc. Shipments of native 
oysters and clams exceed any other 
point on the Pacific Coast 

ORTING, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 1,000, 
has two hotels, ten stores, two halls, 
two saw and shingle mills, school, 
three churches, two meat markets, 
two blacksmith shops, two saloons, 
restaurant, opera house, and Wash- 
ington Soldiers 'Home one and one- 
fourth miles south. The Orting 
Branch runs from this point to the 
lumbering regions of the Muck and 
Sucotash Valleys. 

PALMER, Wash. 
N. P. R. I>. S. D. Population 40, in 
the picturesque valley of the Green 
River, is becoming a popular pleasure 
resort. There is excellent trout 
fishing in the swift mountain stream. 

PALOUSE, Wash. 
M. U. R. Palouse & Lewiston 
Branch. Population 1,800, is quite 
a lumbering center, the logs being 



run down Palouse River from the 
mountains. It has twenty-five stores, 
two hotels, five churches, two weekly 
newspapers, water-works, two flour- 
ing mills, one saw mill, one planing 
mill, • six warehouses, creamery and 
pottery. The town supplies a large 
region with general merchandise, 
and is to some extent a gold mining 
town, there being good quartz leads 
in the neighboring mountains. Sur- 
rounded by fine farming country. 

PASCO JUNC. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. The county seat 
of Franklin county, has 400 inhab- 
itants, ten stores, lumber yard, 
school, two first-class hotels, brewery, 
a weekly new^saper, and a public 
hall. It is situated about two miles 
from the confluence of the Snake 
and Columbia rivers, and is the 
junction point of the main line with 
the line via Wallula Junction and 
the Columbia River. The heavy 
bunch grass found in this section 
makes stockraising an exceedingly 
profitable business, as the winters 
are mild, and good grazing can be 
had during the entire year. 

POMEROY, Wash. 
O, R. & N. System. Population 
1,500, in Garfield country, has one 
hotel eight stores, one bakery, two 
meat markets, two drug stores, two 
livery stables, one brewer}% three 
newspapers, one National bank, two 
harness shops, three churches, one 
school, three agricultural implement 
stores, four blacksmith shops, etc. 

PORT ANGELES, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. County seat of 
Clallam county, population 4,000, is 
the first port of entry on the Strait 
of Juan De Fuca. , Port Angeles is 
noted for its fine natural harbor, 
and is the only city ever laid out by 
the United States Government, 
excepting Washington, D. C. It has 
important coal, lumbering, and 
fishing interests, with a large ter- 
ritory of fertile valleys tributary to 
it. A great number of tourists nave 
visited the Gate City. The last two 
years there has been a good road to 
Lake Crescent, sixteen miles to the 
southwest, where good accommoda- 



482 



tions can be had, with fine hunting 
and fishing during the summer. A 
' stage runs every day during the 
summer season, between Port Angeles 
and Lake Crescent; and two com- 
fortable steam launches as well as 
row boats are there for the 
accommodation of the tourists. 
Excursion tickets to the game and 
troiit country, "Lake Crescent," via 
Seattle. Steamer daily to Port 
Angeles, except Sunday. 

PORT GAMBIE, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 400, 
situated between Port Madison and 
Port Ludlow, has one store, one 
church, one hall, one school and 
one large saw mill. Exports lumber. 

PORT LUDIOW, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. On Saltwater Bay, 
population 300, has one lumber mill, 
one hotel, one store, one public hall, 
one school. 

PORT MADISON, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. On the Sound, 
population 250, the county seat of 
Kitsap County, has one store, one 
saw mill, one school. Lumber is 
about the only shipment. 

PORT TOWNSEND, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. County seat of 
Jeiferson county, is an important 
port on the west side of Port 
Townsend Bay, with a population of 
3,800. It is the port of entry for 
the Puget Sound customs district, 
also U. S. Quarantine Station. It 
has seven hotels, five national banks, 
one opera house, one saw mill, two 
foundries and machine shops, one 
sash and door factory, steel, wire 
and naU works, two public halls, 
twenty-four stores, two daily and 
weekly newspapers, two large school 
buildings, six churches, and new 
water wbfks. The sufroundrng 
country heavily timbered. Shipments : 
oats, barley, potatoes, hay and pelts. 
Deer, geese, ducks, abundant; also 
halibut, salmon and bass. A United 
States marine hospital is located 
here. 

PRESCOTT, Wash. 

O. R. & N. System. Population 
200, has four stores, one school 



building, flouring mill and two 
churches. Wheat and flour the 
principal shipments. 

PROSSER, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 255 
at the falls of the Yakima River, is 
the station for the Horse Heaven 
Country, a rich and productive body 
of land now being rapidly settled; 
has school and hotel. In the valley 
near Prosser are thousands of acres 
of rich land which are irrigated by 
ditches from the river. A good 
water-power is utilized for a flour 
mill. Large shipments of horses, 
cattle, sheep, wool and flour are 
made from this point. 

PULLMAN, Wash. 

M. U. R. Palouse & Lewiston 
Branch. Population 2,000 is in 
center of fine agricultural section, 
and has fifteen stores, three banks, 
five churches, school-house, lumber 
yards, brick yards, six grain' ele- 
vators, planing mills, three halls, 
opera house, seating capacity 900, 
State agricultural college, and school 
of science and four hotels. Products: 
flax, wheat, oats, and barley. The 
O. R. & N. crosses the Palouse Une 
here. 

RIP ARIA, Wash. 

O. R. & N. System. On the Snake 
River, population about '3O, is the 
transfer station of the O. R. &. N. 
Co., to its Snake River Division. 
Steamers run from here to Almota 
and Lewiston twice a week. 

RITZVILLE, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 400. 
County seat of Adams county, has 
twenty-five stores, three blacksmith 
shops, one saddle shop, three churches; 
school buildings, two hotels, two 
lumber yards, one cabinet shop, 
one newspaper, three agi-icultural 
stores, etc. It is situated in the 
center of a fine farming and grazing 
country, 

ROSALIA, Wash. 
M. U. R. Palouse & Lewiston 
Branch. Population 600, has four 
general merchandise and several 
other stores, a hotel, one bank, 
public hall, school building, two 

4Cb 



churches, newspaper, etc. Is a ship- 
ping point for large quantities of 
wheat, barley, etc. ; has two elevators, 
brick-yard, and five gi^ain ware- 
houses. 

ROSLYN, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Is on the branch 
line running from Clealum Junction, 
distant four miles. It is the center 
of the great Roslyn coal fields, which 
supply nearly all the towns in 
Eastern Washington with fuel; and 
iron ore fields north of Roslyn, 
known as the Upper Clealum or 
Fish Lake, is one of the richest in 
the State; several hundred men are 
now ia these mines and the section 
is filling up rapidly. P.opulation of 
2,300, SIX churches, two hotels, saw 
mill, planing mill, brewery, electric 
lights, fire department, town hall, 
numerous stores, cigar factoiy, two 
weekly newspapers, and a fine school- 
house. The mines are owned by the 
Northern Pacific Coal Co. Daily 
output, about 2,500 tons. 

SAMISH, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. On Bellingham 
Bay, has a population of 300, two 
hotels, one store, two school 
buildings. Coal and iron have been 
discovered; but no mines have yet 
been developed. Surrounding country 
covered with forests of fir and 
cedaj-. Game: ducks and geese. 
Fish: salmon, halibut, oysters. 

SEATTLE, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Is situated on 
Elliott Bay, one of the harbors of 
Puget Sound, and one hundred miles 
from the Pacific Ocean. The harbor 
is one of the largest and safest on 
the Pacific Coast' and well provided 
with coal bunikers, grain elevators, 
wharves, md docks, as well as all 
appliances necessary to an important 
shipping port. It has a population of 
65,000 people, who act m concert 
upon all matters affecting the city's 
welfare. It is located on a peninsula 
bounded on the west by Elliot Bay, 
on the north by Salmon Bay, Lake 
Union, and the Ocean Canal, now 
building, connecting Lake Washing- 
ton with Puget Sound, on the east b}^ 
Lake Washington, five miles wide by 
Iwenty-four long. The Lake Wash- 

434 



ington Waterway Company, under 
contract with the State of Washing- 
ton, are now constructing two deep 
watenvays through the southern 
part of the city to connect with a 
canal from Elliott Bay to Lake 
Washington, of depth and width 
sufficient to float the largest ships. 
This canal will make L,ake Wash- 
ington a great fresh- water harbor,, 
opening directly into the salt water 
harbor of Elliott Bay, affording 
splendid facilities for manufacturing 
industries and a shipping point for 
coal, which is extensively mined 
within a few miles of the lake. 

Seattle is the county seat of King 
County, which is rich in natural 
resources, embracing 60,000 acres 
of coal fields within a radius of 
thirty-six miles; iron in abundant 
quantities, fertile and extensive 
valleys of wonderfully productive 
soil well adapted for raising hops, 
hay, potatoes, all vegetables, fruits 
and berries, and especially adapted 
for dairying, as the climatic condi- 
tions pei-mit of stock running out 
all the year round and grasses to 
grow at all seasons. The surface 
of the country is covered with fine 
forests of fir, cedar, spruce, and 
hardwood timber, and logging and 
lumbering are among the stable 
industries of Western Washington, 
and are extensively carried on in 
the vicinity of Seattle. The Port 
Blakely Mill Co., alone, whose mill 
is the largest in the world, shipped 
by sea, coastwise and foreign. 
106,462,403 feet of lumber during 
1895. During the same period there 
were shipped through Seattle, 12,500 
carloads of red cedar shingles, des- 
tined to points in nearly every State 
in the Union. 

Seattle has four railroads, three 
of which are transcontinental lines, 
running east, south, and north, thus 
bringing the entire State in direct 
connection with it and affording 
splendid facilities for jobbing and 
trading with the interior. It has 
steamship lines running to all Puget 
Sound, Pacific Coast, and British 
Columbia points as well as direct 
steamer lines to Alaska, Cential 
America, Sandwich Island, and the 
Orient. 



The foreign and coastwise trade 
of Seattle is constantly growing and 
extending, and is a great factor in 
her commercial prosperity. It is 
the headquarters of a large sealing 
fleet that operates upon the Japan 
and Alaska coasts and in Behring Sea, 
taking fur seals. Fishing is exten- 
sively carried on i. e., both salmon 
for canning and fiesh iish, consisting 
of haibut, cod, and salmon for 
shipment east by rail as far as the 
Atlantic seaboard cities. 

The manufacturing interests of 
Seattle are uicreasing rapidly. Several 
large plants are in course of con- 
struction, one being that of Moran 
Brothers, who are building two steel 
torpedo boats and a revenue tug 
boat for United States Government,- 
large packing house, glass factory, 
and flouring-null. Those already m 
operation are sawmills, shipyards, 
drydocks, iron and brass foundries, 
machine shops, saw works, soap 
works, cracker factories, breweries, 
ice, candy, sash and door, furniture, 
upholstering and excelsior, carriage 
and wagon, cigar and box factories, 
woodenware works, woolen mills, 
tanneries, salmon canneries, marble 
and stone works, plaster, roofing, 
soda and bottling works, broom, 
boot and shoe, extract factories 
creosotiug works, vinegar and pickle 
works, cold storage plants, cereal 
and flouring miUs, wheat elevator, 
terra cotta and sewer pipe works, etc. 

Upward of one hundred wholesale 
houses are engaged in jobbing dry 
goods, furnishmg goods, groceries, 
candies, boots and shoes, drugs, 
liquors,cigars,ship-chandlery,machin- 
ery, saws, paper, stationery, books, 
notions, guns, ammunition, and 
sporting goods, hardware, jewelry, 
and other lines. 

■ Exports: Lumber, wheat, flour, 
beer, groceries, lime, spars, etc. 

Shipments: Coal lumber, shingles, 
spars, hops, salmon, hay, grain, hides, 
leather, wool, furs, seal skins, fruits, 
clams and oysters, fresh and dried 
fish, and manufactured goods. 

The business portion of the city 
was destroyed by fire June 6, 1889, 
and the old wooden buildings con- 
sumed have been replaced by massive 
brick and stone blocks, more substan- 



tial and more handsome m arcnitec- 
ture than in any other city of the 
Pacific Northwest. 

The principal streets of the city 
have been paved with vitrified brick 
during the past year, an improvement 
whicli has enhanced the beauty ol 
the city greatly. Seattle has ninety- 
four miles of cable and electric street 
railway; is the seat of the State 
University of Washington, which 
was moved to its present site in 
1895 and erected at a cost of $120,000. 
Culture education, and religous 
institutions of the city keep pace 
with its commercial progress, and 
every modern facility is found within 
its borders. 

Congress has established an Army 
Post at Seattle and made appropria- 
tion for fortifications, for the protec- 
tion of Puget Sound with its com- 
merce to all parts of the world. Each 
year it its becoming more apparent 
that Seattle, by reason of its location, 
material resources and people, is 
attracting the greatest enterprises 
and the best class of emigration. 

Seattle is the gateway to the 
northern Territory of Alaska, which 
is attracting attention throughout 
the country on account of the rich 
-gold fields of the Yukon and Cook's 
Inlet, and the business with that 
territory has reached large propor- 
tions within the past few years. 

Population in 1880, 3,533; in 1890, 
42,837 ; in December, 1896, 65,000. 

Agents of the North German Lloyd : 

B. M. Mc. Ginnis, Agt. Can. Pac, 
Seattle Wash. 

/ A. Nadeau, Agt. North Pac, 
Seattle Wash. 

A. Chilberg, Seattle Wash. 



SEDRO, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 900, 
connecting point for Cascade and 
Ruby Creek mineral districts. The 
town has a fine hotel, public school, 
two churches, two newspapers, bank, 
and mercantile esttiblishments. Center 
of large lumbering and mining 
districts. Coal mines and coking 
ovens adjacent. Two shingle mills 



435 



with daily capacity of. 300,000 located 
here and mills within a radius of 
ten miles with daily output of over 
1,000,000. Large logging and timber 
interests; three saw mills located in 
suburbs of the town. Fine trout 
fishing; deer and grouse abundant. 

SHELTON, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. p. At the head of 
one of the western arms of Paget 
Sound, is the tidewater terminus of 
a logging railroad, which runs back 
into the heavily timbered country 
for a distance of about twenty miles. 
Shelton has a population of about 
700, 2ind has a newspaper and a 
number of stores. 

SNOHOMISH, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Is the county seat 
of Snohomish county, located on the 
Snohomish River, five miles from 
tidewater, has a population of 4,000, 
and is practically the head of naviga- 
tion. It has one daily, one tri- 
weekly, and one weekly newspaper, 
three public schools, five churches, 
two national banks, six hotels, six 
saw mills with an aggregate capacity 
of 300,000 feet daily, one sash and 
door factory, etc. It has an electric 
light plant, water-works, etc. Good 
farming bottom lands heavily covered 
with timber. Products: oats, ha}^ 
fruits, and vegetables. Game of all 
kinds and both salt and fresh water 
fish abundant. Snohomish is the 
principal distributing point for the 
new and famous Monte Cristo and 
Silver Creek mining districts, and is 
to-day one of the most prosperous 
cities on Puget Sound. 

SOPENAH, Wash. 
N. P.. R. L. S D. Population 350, 
has a sewer pipe and drain tile fac- 
tory capable of turning out four car 
loads of material daily. Chief 
resources, logging, shingle mill, etc. 

SOUTH Bend, Wash, 
South Bend Line. Population 1,500, 
geaport of Wijlapa Harbor, located 
at the mouth of the Willapa River. 
Terminus of the Northern Pacific 
Railway's "South Bend Line," from 
Chelialis to South Bend. Is prac- 
tically only a little over six years 



old, having a population, January, 
1890, of 40, and July, 1896, 1,500; 
its growth has been mai-velous, and 
is due to its geographical position, 
and the fact that it is the seaport of 
one of the few-first class haibors on 
the Pacific Coast. Towing distance to 
sea is only sixteen miles. Is the 
natural center of a rich tributary 
country. There are now three saw 
mills, one box factory, two sash 
and door factories, two salmon 
canneries, one bank, three news- 
papers, six hotels," one of which, 
"The Willapa," is one of the finest 
on the coast. Has a first-class electric 
light system in operation, also water 
works. An extensive system of filling 
a large tide flat on which the busi- 
ness portion of the city is located, 
b)"- dredging from the river. Daily 
lines of steamers run to Sealana, 
connecting with Ilwako R. & N. Co. 
to Astoria; also to North Cove, 
connecting with stage line to Gray's 
Harbor; there are also regular lines 
of steamers to San Francisco. 

SOUTH PRAIRIE, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. On the westf.rn 
side of the Cascade Mountains, has 
250 inhabitants, two hotels, two 
general stores, and church, public 
hall. This is a coal-mining town. 

SOUTH TACOMA, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. The new car 
shops of the Northern Pacific Rail- 
way, costing $ 1,000,000, are located 
here. South Tacoma has four hotels, 
one bank, four churches, two drug 
stores, schools, sixteen stores, elec- 
tric light, electric car line, etc. 
Population 1,500. 

SPANGLE, Wash. 
M. U. R. Palouse & Lewiston 
Branch. Spokane county, population 
600, has two hotels, five grain ware- 
houses, one agricultural - implement 
house, school, bank, three churches, 
theatre, hall, five general stores, saw 
mill, two blacksmith shops, lumber 
and wood yard, two drug stores, 
creamery, brick yard, etc. The sur- 
rounding country is rolling prairie 
and timbered hills, adapting it for 
agriculture and stock-raising. Pro- 



436 



ducts: wheat, oats, bcirley, potatoes, 
and vegetables. 

SPOKANE, Wash. 

N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 35,000, 
countjr seat of Spokane conty. is 
beautifully situated on both sides of 
the Spokane River, on the Idaho 
Division " of the Northern Pacific 
Railway. Four railroads enter 
Spokane, and the following branches 
of the Northern Pacific : The Palouse 
Branch which traverses the rich 
farming country of the Palouse 
Valley; the Ft. Sherman Branch, 
which, with its connections, pen- 
etrates to the great Coeur d'Alene 
mining Country; and the Central 
Washington R. R. running west to 
Medical Lake and Davenport. It is 
surrounded by vast forests of valuable 
timber, picturesque mountains and 
fertile vaUays, the latter yielding, 
with little effort of the agriculturist 
and horticulturist, immense returns 
of grain and fruits. The site 
upon which the city stands is a 
most picturesque one. The Falls of 
the Spokane River, which in the 
space of half a mile fall 150 feet, 
are very grand and beautiful. They 
furnish constant water power of 
great value, as the river never freezes. 
The city of Spokane has besides its 
railroads, three electric railways op- 
erating in all about forty- five miles 
of electric-car lines, the power for all 
of which is furnished by the Falls, as 
'well as the extensive electric-light 
plant. Spokane, as rebuilt after her 
great fire, is one of the handsomest 
and most solidly-built cities of its 
size in the west, both as to its bus- 
iness and residence portions, and its 
growth has been something won- 
derful. It has fifteen hotels, the 
"Hotel Spokane" being an excep- 
itonally fine building, furnished with 
electric lights, steam heat, and general 
furniture of a superior quality, five 
banks, three daily and tour weekly 
newspapers, seven fine school build- 
ings, two colleges, fourteen churches, 
four flour mills, six saw mills, three 
sash and door and two furniture 
factories, three iron and machine 
foundries, all run by water power. 
Besides, it has three dramatic and 
musical, and numerous secret and 



social organizations. Its two theatres ■ 
left after the great fire of 1889, have 
a seating capacity of 3,500 people, 
while the new opera house, built 
at a cost of $300,000, alone seats 
2,500 people. Sm-rounded by rich 
agricultural lands and a chain of the 
richest gold, silver, and lead-produc- 
ing mines, granite and marble 
quarries to be found in the West, 
Spokane is to-day the most favored 
and prosperous city in Eastern 
Washington. 

SPRAGUE, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. County seat of 
Lincoln coimty, population 1,000, is 
the headquaters of the Idaho Divi- 
sion, with round-house and railroad 
machine shops. It has three hotels, 
one bank, one public hall, seven 
stores, flouring mill, electric -light 
and water-works plants, two lumber 
yards, one planing mill, two weekly 
newspapers, two school buildings 
and four churches. Products : wheat, 
oats, barley, Cattle and sheep rais- 
ing is a feature of farming industry. 
Shipments: live stock and wool. 
Fort Spokane lies sixty miles to the 
northwest. 

SUMNER, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 700, 
has eleven stores, three churches, 
graded school and Presbyterian 
academy, newspaper, three saw mills, 
one box factory, sash and door 
factory, and creamery, etc. Good 
farming country. Shipments, hops, 
hay, fruit, etc. 

TACOMA, Wash. 

N. P. R. L. S. D. County seat of 
Pierce County. From a village of 
720 souls in 1890, to 52,329 in 1883. 
Is situated at the head of Commen- 
cement Bay at the extreme south- 
east of Puget Sound. Built on a 
bluff one hundred and eighty feet 
above tide-water, it commands a 
view of the vast Olympic and Cascade 
ranges of mountains and Mount 
Rainier. 

Here is where the Northern Pacific 
first touches tide-water, and where 
it has its western offices and princip- 
al shops beyond the Rockies. Besides 
its shops and office building it has 



437 



erected great coal bunkers, with a 
capacity of over 20,000 tons, to 
enable it to load coal vessels, with 
dispatch and little expense. 

Along the water front are splendid 
wharves, wheat warehouses with a 
capacity of 3,500,000 bushels, and 
from which the immense ships from 
Europe receive their cargoes of 
wheat and flour.. 

Tacoma equals any city on the 
Pacific Coast in the number and 
extent of her manufacturing en- 
terprises. Besides her great saw- 
mills, flour-mills, and woodworking 
factories, which send their products 
to Europe, South and Central America, 
India, Australia, China, and Japtm, 
there are shingle mills which send 
their product to eastern markets, 
most complete and best equipped 
packing house on the Pacific Coast, 
with a daily capacity of 200 beeves, 
500 hogs, and 500 sheep, and as 
modern and convenient as the famous 
packing houses of Chicago, Omaha, 
and Kansas City; sash and door 
factories, foundries and machine 
shops, planing mills ; furniture, lounge, 
and mattress factories ; match factory, 
casket factory, woolen mill, soap 
woks, boiler works, box factories, 
broom factory, tile and terra cotta 
works, brick yards, breweries, ice 
factory; cracker, candy, and preserve 
factories, and a large smelter with 
a capacity of reducing 500 tons of 
ore per day, are among the in- 
dustries represented in Tacoma and 
in constant operation. Water, gas, 
and electric light works also in 
operation. 

The business part of the city is 
composed of magnificent structures 
from four to seven stories in height, 
and the resident portion is built up 
of handsome homes with all the 
modern improvements. 

The fire department of Tacoma is 
well organized. 

Electric and cable roads connect 
all parts of the resident, with the 
business portion of the city. 

Tacoma has seventeen public 
schools, costing $ 750,000; the Annie 
Wright .Seminary for young ladies, 
the Puget Sound University and 
Vashon College, three hospitals. 



sixty-five churches and religious 
societies of all denominations. 

Chamber of Commerce has erec- 
ted a fine building, new City Hall 
recently completed, cost $ 260,000; 
County Court House worth visiting. 

The famous Puyallup and White 
River valleys lie tributary to Tacoma. 
These valleys produce the finest 
hops in the world, and yield from 
1,800 to 3,000 lbs. per acre. The 
country around and tributary to 
Tacoma is adapted to the raising of 
fruits, hay, hops, and vegetables. 

Large coal mines are in constant 
operation within a radius of 35 
miles. 

Although Tacoma is the youngest 
of American seaports, she already 
commands a foreign traffic second 
to few. Immense quantities of wheat, 
flour, lumber, and coal, all products 
of the State of Washington, 
are exported to the markets of the 
world, and a large proportion of the 
imports from China and Japan to 
the U. S. and Canada, pass through 
this port. 

Regular steamship lines radiate 
from Tacoma to all points on Puget 
Sound, also to Alaska, San Francisco, 
Central America, China and Japan. 
Tacoma is the terminus of the North- 
ern Pacific S. S. Line. 

In addition to the shipment of 
wheat, flour, and lumber by sea, 
Tacoma sends to San Francisco 
over 300,000 tons of coal a year. 

The harbor at Tacoma is one of 
the best in the world. Ample 
accomodation for deep sea vessels 
are provided; new buoys have been 
anchored convenient to the ware- 
houses. 

The waters of Puget Sord teem 
with ninety-five varieties of food 
fish, the capture of which gives 
employment to a large number of 
men, who market most of their catch 
here to be shipped in refrigerator 
cars to Eastern markets. 

Sport with rod and line in 
Commencement Bay, during the great 
silver salmon run, in October and 
November, has a charm and excite- 
ment entively its own. The fish are 
gamey and afford the excitement 
an angler loves so well. 

There are abundance of fish iu 



438 



tlie bays and mountain streams, 
water fowl in the lakes, grouse, 
pheasants, and California quail on 
the uplands deer, bear, elks, and 
cougars in our forests. The climate 
is unsurpassed. 

TEKOA, Wash, 
O. R. &N. System. Population 250, 
is in the center of a fine farming 
district. This is a new town, but 
the railroad operations have made 
it very active. 

TENINO, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. Is the junction 
point with the Port Townsend South- 
em Railroad. Population 400. Two 
hotels, four stores, one school, two 
churches, two shingle mills, saw 
mill, two large stone quarries, and 
creamery. Surrounding country is 
hilly, with dense forests. 

THE SUNNYSIDE COUNTRY 

N. P. R. L. S. D. Is on the east side 
of the Yakima River, and is reached 
either from Mabton or Toppenish. 
The former point is the station for 
the town of Sunnyside and the 
larg-er part of the Sunnyside district. 

Ihere is here an irrigating canal 
over sixty miles long, sixty-two feet 
wide on top and thirty on the 
bottom, and carrying eight feet 
depth of water. There are tributary 
to it over 60,000 acres of land. 

This land is divided mostly into 
little . farms of from ten to forty 
acres. Fruit, vegetables, grain, 
alfalfa, and hops luxuriate, here, and 
the profits are large. The small 
farms mean that the valley will be 
thickly settled, neighbors handy, and 
churches and schoolhouses plentiful. 

This whole region is on the eve 
of a g;reat development, and the 
Sunnyside is an important factor in 
it and will reap a large benefit 
from it. 

THE WASHINGTON HOT 
SPRINGS. 
Situated on Green River, on main 
line of N. P. Ry., 63 miles east of 
Tacoma, Wash., is noted for its 
curative qualities and properties of 
the waters, both for drinking and 
bathing. 



It is right in the midst of the 
magnificent forest trees; at an 
altitude of 1,450 feet above sea level 
and at the foot of mountain peaks 
reaching a height of 3,600 feet is to 
be found the Hotel Hot Springs, a 
commodious andwell-appointedhotel. 
One hundred guests can find first- 
class accommodations. The ladies' 
and gentlemen's bath-rooms are in 
the hotel, and have recently been 
extensively improved by the addition 
of cold shower, sweat, and vapor 
baths, and fine large cooling-rooms 
nicely furnished with comfortable 
couches. Experienced rubbers are 
in attendance so that persons in a 
helpless condition will receive the 
best of c£ire. Physicians in attend- 
ance.. The water runs out of crevices 
in the moimtain side at a natural 
temperature of 122 degrees. Cure 
rheumatism, kidney and bowel 
complaints. 

Fine fishing and hunting near at 
hand. Also a bicycle track. Hotel . 
and baths open all the year. Hotel 
rates $ 2,00 per day, $ 8,00, $ 10,00, • 
and $ 12,00 per week. Baths extra. 

TOPPENISH, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Is located on the 
east side of the Yakima River. A 
daily stage runs to Zillah, located at 
the upper end of the famous Sunny- 
side irrigation region. 

TUMWATER, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. At the mouth 
of the Des Chutes River, population ■ 
350, has two hotels, two halls, two 
stores, one school building, one 
church, two flouring mills, two saw 
mills, one tannery, and one sash and 
door factory. Products : grain, fruit, 
and vegetables. Game and fish 
abundant. 

UNIONTOWN, Wash. 
M. U. R. Palouse & Lewiston 
Branch. Population 800, is a rapidly 
growing town in the southeastern 
part of Whitman county. It has 
two churches, three elevators, news- 
paper, brewery, distillery, five brick 
yards, 'eight stores, two hotels, bank, 
school, opera house, water-works, 
etc. St. Andrew's Female Academy, 
is located at this, point. The sur- - 



489 



rotandlng country, wliile roliirig, is 
very productive. Chief products are 
wheat, oats, barley, flax, hay, etc. 
Shipments: live stock and grain. 
Stage line to Lewiston nine miles 
distant. 

WAITSBURG, Wash. 
N. P. R. Washington & Columbia 
River Ry. Population 1,200, situated 
on the Touchet River, has ten 
stores, tvi^o hotels, four churches, 
one weekly newspaper, a flouring 
mill, 200 bbl. capacity, a foundry 
and machine shop, a planing mill, 
public hall, two public schools, water- 
works, and an academy, etc. Products : 
wheat, corn, potatoes, and all kinds 
of fruit. Game : deer, prairie chickens, 
pheasants, etc. Fish: trout, etc. 

WALLA WALLA, Wash. 
N. E. R. Washington & Columbia 
River Ry, The county seat of Walla 
Walla county, population 8,000 is 
situated in the Walla Walla Vallay, 
on Mill Creek, Six miles from its 
confluence with the Walla Walla 
River, near the foot-hills on the 
west slope of the Blue Mountain 
Range. Good water power the 
entire year; also water works, street 
cars and gas. Has four hotels, two 
national and one private bank, four 
public halls, about eighty stores, 
four newspapers, a United States 
I^and Office, thirteen churches, opera 
house, four public school buildings; 
St. Paul schools. Episcopalian; con- 
vent and school, Roman Catholic: 
Whitman college, Protestant; one 
commercial college; also three fur- 
niture factories, three floming mills, 
run by water power, each having 
capacity of 200 bbls. daily; steam 
agricultural works ; tannery, foundry 
and ironworks, two chop mills, two 
breweries, The surrounding country 
is all excellent farming land, alternate 
prairie arid rolling. Products: the 
cereals, vegetables and fruit; apples, 
grapes, peaches, pears, plums (German 
prune), apricots, cherries, straw- 
berries, raspberries, blackberries, are 
all very plentiful, Shipment; grain, 
flour, lumber, brick, hay, fruit, etc. 
Game: deer, bear, prah-ie chickens, 
grouse, ducks, geese. Fish: trout, 
whitefish and salmon. Fort Walla 



Walla is halt a mile distant. The 
barley raised in this vicinity is 
pronounced by brewers the finest 
known for brewing purposes. Bus- 
iness enterprises generally are active 
in Walla Walla,'" and the city Ts 
growing rapidly. Products £ire Avheat. 
barley, oats, potatoes, etc. 

WALLULA JUNCTION, Wash. 

N. P. R. L. S. D. On the line ol 
the O. R. & N. Co. east from Port- 
land, at its junction with the North-' 
em Pacific Railway, on the Walla 
Walla River, about one mile from 
the Columbia. It has a population 
of 800, one hotel, three stores, 
lumber yard, church and school. 

WILBUR, Wash. 
Central Washington. Population 
600, has two hotels, bank, newspaper, 
flouring mill, ten stores, etc. It is 
located in the heart of the famous 
"Big Bend Country." Some good 
railroad land yet for sale. The soil 
is a rich loam, clay subsoil. Products: 
wheat, oats, rye, barley, etc. Game: 
prairie chickens, rabbits, deer, etc. 

WILI-CESON, Wash. 

N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 700, 
has large coke ovens, coal mines, 
stone quarries, saw mills, school, 
church, three stores, three hotels, 
etc. Mining is principal industry. 
The stone from the quarries is of a 
very superior quality and largely 
used throughout the State for build- 
ing purposes. Between 400 and 500 
carloads of coal, coke, stone, etc., 
arc shipped from this station 
monthly. 

WILLAPA BAY. 

South Bend Line. Is located in 
Pacific County, in the southwestern 
extremity of the State of Washington, 
and is a body of water twenty-four 
miles long and about six miles wide. 
Formerly known as Shoalwater Bay, 
so called from the extensive shoals 
in the southern portion of the bay, 
on which are found the finest oyster 
beds on the Pacific. CoaSt. Recog- 
nizing the misnomer the U. S. author- 
itii s have changed the name to 
WillapaBay. There axe two channels 
giving entrance from the Pacific 



440 



Ocean, having a minimum depth as 
shown by the U. S. Coast Purvey 
Charts, of thirty feet at average 
high tide. The principal rivers flow- 
ing into the bay are the Willapa, 
North, Cedar, Palix, and Nasel. 
Regular lines of steamers ply 
on the Willapa and Nasal, The 
tributary country is extremely rich 
in natural resources. The exten- 
sive forests of fir, cedar spruce, and 
hemlock — in themselves mines of 
wealth — make excellent farms when 
cleared; the fertile bottom lands 
yield large crops of hay, oats, hops 
barley; while the orchards of this 
section are unsm^passed. Stock 
raising and dairying is very prof- 
itable. The countrys well watered 
and crops never fail. Excellent 
hunting and fishing; bear, elk, geese, 
duck, salmon and trout. The North- 
ern Pacific Railway now has a line 
from Chehalis to South Bend. Among 
the prominent points in this section 
are South Bend and Ilwaco Beach, 



brief notices of which are given 
below. 

WINLOCK, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. On Olequa 
Creek, population 1,000, has two 
hotels, opera house, five stores, school 
building, three churches, two mills, 
sash and door factory, and pottery 
works. This is the diverging point 
for the Tootle River gold mines, 
distant 30 miles. Cowlitz Prairie, 
containing some of the finest farm- 
ing land in Washington, is only 
five miles distant. Shipments : lumber 
and grain. Hunting and fishing 
good. 

YAKIMA CITY, Wash. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 500, 
situated near the head of the Sunny- 
side irrigation ditch, has two general 
stores, school, blacksmith shop, liv- 
ery stable, drug store. Principal 
crops, fruit and hops. 



441 



WEST-YIRaiHIA. 



The "Pan Handle-State", called 
from the Pan Handle Mountains 
between the Ohio River and Penn- 
sylvania, one of her hief geographical 
features — was till 1863 a part of 
"the old Dominion" of Virginia. 
Separated from the rest of Virginia 
by the formitable barrier of the 
Alleghany mountain, the interests of 
the western counties grew apart 
from these of the tide-water region. 

The population in 

1870 was 442,014; 
1880 „ 618,457; 
1890 „ 762,794. 

The area ofWest-Virgmiais24,78o 
square-miles. The farm-products arc 
yearly about $ 2o,ooo,coo, manufac- 
tured products amoimt to $ 23,000,000. 

CHARLESTON, W. Va. 

The fifth largest city and the 
capital of West-Virginia. Situated 
on the Kanawha Riv^er, 5 mis. from 
Shenandoah Junction and 12 mis. 
from Harper's Ferry. The city has 
about 7,ooo inh., mostly busy in the 
coal-and salt-trade. There is also a 
very nice summer-resort in the 
Shannondale saline Chaby beate 
Springs near the capital. 

MARTINSBURG, W. Va. 
19 mis. west of Harper's Feny, 
the fourth largest city in West 
Virginia with 7,226 mh. It is 
pleasantly situated on the Tuscarors 
Creek in the Valley of Virginia and 



has large railroad repair-shops of 
the B. & O. R. R. 

PARKERSBURG, W. Va. 
The third largest city in West 
Virginia -jvith about l0,000 inh. 
($ 408 m 1890). It lies at the con- 
iluened of the Little Kanawha wiih 
the Ohio river, 188 mites from Pitts- 
burg where the Baltimore aud Ohio 
R. R. crosses the river, opposite 
Belpre. The connection between 
the two cities is made by a fine 
bridge, V-h mile long, with six spans 
over. The river and 43 approaching 
spans completed in 1871 at a cost 
of $ 1,000,000. Parker sburg is the 
outlet of the petroleum region of 
West-Virginia, and has a large trade, 
refineries and manufactories. The 
Parkersburg Mineral Wells are 
well-knovra. 

WHEELING, W. Va. 

The metropolis of West Virginian, 
stretches along the Ohio bottom- 
lands, under the shadow of bold 
bluffs, and in a country rich in 
tabacco and grain. 

Wheeling is a city of 86,013 inh. 
It has a large commerce on the 
Ohio River, and its manufacturing 
interests are extensive. 

Several railways converge here, 
and the Ohio river _ furnishes a 
valuable water-route, with Pittsburg 
95 mis. above (60 by rail),' Cincin- 
nati 365 mis., and others ports. 

The manufactures of West-Virginia 
are nearly all centralized in Wheeling. 



US 



WISCOISIK 



Called the '"Badger State" , from 
the fact of the first settlers being 
miners and living in rude "dug- 
outs", burrowing after the fashion of 
the badger. In the west, the broad 
Mississippi and its tributary the St. 
Croix, separate Wisconsin from 
Minnesota and Iowa; on the south, 
its pleasant prairies melt away, into 
the rich levels of Illinois; on the 
east. Lake Michigan for 2oo miles, 
washes the Wisconsin coast; on the 
north, Lake Superior has a shore 
line of 12o miles; the north-east is 
boimded by the rugged upper 
peninsular of Michigan. The name 
of Wisconsin is derived from its 
chief river, dividing the state in two 
portions. Wisconsin is an Indian 
name, meaning, "the gathering of 
the waters." 

In 1634, Frontenac, Governor of 
"New France", sent jean Nicolet to 
the upper "lakes", to make treaties 
with the north-western Indians. In 
166?) a mission was established on 
Madeleine Island and another on the 
Fox River. In 175o, the first settle- 
ment was made on Green Bay, 
AVisconsin being included in the 
French Province of Quebec. In the 
■ treaty of 1783, the North-West was 
cccdcd to the United States, Wis- 
consin forming a part of Indiana and 
later, of Illinois Territory. In 1836, 
Wisconsin was made a terntorj^ and 
admitted to the Union as a State, in 
1848. _ In 189o, it had 1,686,880 
inhabitants, 600,000 of German and 
100,000 of Scandinavian origin. 
Milwaukee is a very flourishing city, 
with very valuable industries, being 



the metropolis of the German popula- 
tion tn the United States. With its 
vast forests of excellent timber, and- 
large mineral deposits, the State of 
Wisconsin promises to be one of 
the healthiest and most popidated 
of all the states. 

APOSTLE ISLANDS, Wis. 
A large group of picturesque 
islands, on the southern shore of 
Lake Superior. The claj^ and sand- 
stone cliifs ' have been worn into 
strange shapes by the action of the 
water and the islands are covered 
with beautiful primeval forests, of 
more than 2oo square miles in area. 
Fishing here is excellent, especially 
trout and white-fish being caught in 
abundance. On La Madeleine, the 
most soi^them of these islands, in 
Chequamegon Bay, are still to be 
seen the remains, the half-deserted 
Chippewa hamlet of La Pointe, the 
great metropolis of Lake Superior 
coimtry, in the days of the Indians, 
fur traders and Canadian Voyageurs, 
early in the present century. The 
old Catholic Church was built by 
Father Barega about sixty years 
ago. 

APPLETON, Wis. 

One of the chief cities of Wis- 
consin, situated on Fox River, be- 
tween Lake Winnebago and Green 
Bay, with 12,ooo inhabitants. Large 
paper mills and valuable water power 
add to the prosperity of the city, 
which was foimded in 1848. 

Railroads: Chicago & North- 
western; Milwaukee & Northern. 



443 



20 



ASHT.AND, Wis. 

An important city of 12,000 inhab- 
itants, on Lake Superior and the 
Branch Line of the Duhith, South 
Shore & Atlantic Railwa)% from 
Alason to Ashland. The shipping- 
port of all iron ore of the Great 
Gogelic Range ()'ielding l,2oo,ooo 
tons yearlj'); the rich deposits of 
hematic Bessemar ore were not fully 
kuo\ra until 1885. The Hinkle 
Charcoal Ftn-nace, owned and 
operated b)^ the Ashland Iron & 
Steel Company, is situated on the 
Lake. 

Railroads: Chicago, -St. Paul, 
]\Iinneapolis & Omaha; Milwaukee, 
Lake Shore & Western; Northern 
Pacitic; Wisconsin Central. 

BAYFIELD, Wis. 
A jiopular summer resort on Lake 
Superior, connected by rail and 
steamer with Ashland, from which it 
is separated by Chequamegon Bay, 
a landlocked harbor, 3o miles m 
area, with deep water and large 
docks for the shipment of timber 
and ore. 

BELOIT, Wis. 
A flourishing town of 65oo inhab- 
itants, on the Rock River, 91 miles 
from Chicago, on the Chicago, St. 
Paul & Mmneapolis Line of the 
Chicago & Northwestern R. R. The 
place is in the midst of a fine 
])rairie, with numerous groves. 
Reloit College (Congregational) has 
h:x) students and a librar)^ of 2o,0(X) 
volumes. Tablets contain the names 
of the 4oo Beloit students, who fell 
in the Civil War. In 1889 the 
properly of the college was increased 
by nearly 200,000, the result of a 
series of noble efforts on the part 
of its graduates and friends, who are 
proud to belong to the "Yale of the 
West." 

BERLIN, Wis. 
An interesting town on the Fox 
River, most of the inhabitants of 
which are native born Germans or 
of G<'rman descent. All the farmers 
ill the vicinity speak (jerman, for 
which reason, the stream has been 
called the "German River". 



BETHESDA SPRINGS, Wis. 
The pioneer spring is the famous 
watering-place of Waukesha, 2o miles 
west of Milwaukee. It was discovered 
by Col. Richard Dunbar in 1868, 
smce which time it has continued to 
become more and more pojmlar. 
The Bethesda Baths are open from 
June to October. 

BRULE, Wis. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Population 420, 
36 miles west of Ashland, is on the 
Brule River which is noted as one 
of the finest trout streams in the 
West. Has four stores, three hotels, 
planing mill, two saw mills, etc. 
Hotel rates % 2,00 per day. Sur- 
rounded by beautiful forests in which 
deer, bear, and sinall game abound. 

CHIPPEWA FALLS, Wis. 

An important place for the timber 
trade, near the falls of the Chippewa 
River, a tributary of the Mississippi, 
with 9,000 inhabitants. The tovra 
takes its name from the Chippewa 
Indians, who formerly lived in this 
region. 

Railroads: C. M. & St. P. C. St. P.; 
M. & O.; W. C. 

DEVIL'S LM<CE, Wis. 
A dead emerald pool, near Sauk City 
IIV2 miles long, inwalled by rugged 
rocks and wooded bluffs, about 5oo 
feet high and the remarkable quart- 
zite rocks of Cleopatra's Needle. 
The Devil's Doorway and other 
grotesque formations. No one should 
miss paying a visit to this picturesque 
lake m Sauk County. 

EAU CLAIRE, Wis. 

A town on the Chippewa River, 
321V« miles from Chicago, on the 
Chicago, North - Western Railway, 
20,000 inhabitants, well known for 
its lumber. 

Railroads: C. M. & St. P.; W. C; 
C. St. P.; M. & O. 

ELKART LAKE, Wis. 

A very popular summer resort 

about 15o miles north of Milwaukee' 

reached by the Wisconsin C. R. R' 



444 



POND DU LAC, Wis. 

A ci.y with more than 12,0OO in- 
haliitants, at the head of Lake 
Winnebago, knowTi for its lumber 
ti-ade. The Lake is about 30 miles 
long and lo miles wide. The Wis- 
consin Central Railroad skirts its 
western shore, from here to Neenah 
and Oskosh. 

Railroads: C. M. & St. P.; C & 
N. W.; W. C. 

GREEN LAKE, AV^'s. 
An .imposing sheet of water, 15 
miles long and three miles wide, 
beautifully situated between the Fox 
River and Lake Winnebago, in the 
midst of wooded hills and rich 
prairies, 

HOLSTEIN, Wis. 
A settlement, north of Milwaukee, 
foimded by Germans, who only speak 
their native tongue. 

HUDSON, Wis. 

A small place of 2,8oo inhabitants, 
on the eastern shore of Lake St. Croix, 
near the Minnesota line. It has 
been rendered famous by the Oliver 
Wendell Holmes Sanitoriiim and the 
Dalles of the St. Croix, a very pictur- 
esque point. St. Paul, Minnesota, is 
only 19 miles from here. The boun- 
dary line, between Minnesota and 
Wisconsin follows the St. CroixRiver. 

Railroads: C. St. P.; M. & O. 

IRON RIVER, Wis. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Population l,60O- 
Has two planing mills, twelve stores, 
two public halL, opera house, school, 
two churches, six hotels, one bank, 
one newspaper, two livery stables, 
two saw mills (capacity 200,000 feet 
per day) ; also has good water-works, 
eleitric light, and telephone systems. 
Good bass and trout fishing. Deer 
also abound. 



JANESVILLE, Wis. 
A business city of 12,000 inhabit- 
ants, founded in 1836 on the Rock 
River, on the Chicago &Northwestem 
Railway, 91 miles from Chicago and 
only a few miles from the Illinois 
boundary line. 

446 



KENOSHA, Wis. 

An important manufacturing city 
with 6,532 inhabitants, built on a 
bluff on Lake Michigan, ten miles 
from the Illinois boundary line, 
carries on an extensive trade; good 
harbor and several piers. 

Railroads: C. N. & W. ' 

KIEL, Wis. 
A German town north-west of 
Sheboggan. 

KILBURN CITY, Wis. 
193 miles from Chicago, on the 
Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul R. R. 
In this vicinity, the very pictiiresque 
Dalles of the Wisconsin. 

LA CROSSE, Wis. 

The second city of the State of 
Wisconsin, founded in 1840, being 
much larger than the capital Madison. 
In 1890 t e city had a ready more 
than 25,009 inhabitants. It occupies 
a pleasant s te on the east bank of 
the Mississippi, at the mouth of the 
i^lack and La Crosse Rivers, where 
the majestic flood of the "Father of 
Waters" sweeps around several green 
islands. All the portion of the Mis- 
sissippi, from La Crosse to Dubuque, 
Iowa, is beautiful, owing to the great 
vatiety of scener)-, the wooded hills 
and ihe exqusitely pure character 
of the water, which is as clear and 
limpid as that of Lake Superior. 
The bluffs alternate from mavvive, 
densely wooded hills, to long walls 
of limestone, fronting precipitously 
on the Adver, assummg all manner 
of quaint, fantastic shapes. Rivers 
and creeks intervene at inte vais 
and the rapid succession of towns, 
indicates a more thickly settled 
region. 

The name of La Crosse has its 
origin from the favoriie Indian game 
of "la crosse". The city has many 
pretty buildings, including the Opera 
Hotise ami High School. There are 
many traders in timber, s veral saw- 
mills, foundries and machine shops, 
a large manufactory of saddlery aiid 
harnesses and other establishments 
employing 8,000 persons. 

Railroads: C. M. & St. P.; C & 
N. W. ; C. B. & N. 



«• 



'LAKE PEPIN, Wis. 
A very picturesque lake, bordered 
by gigantic . bluffs, 1000 feet higli. 
on tiie Mississippi, above the mouth 
of the Chippewa River. The Lake 
is 25 miles long and sometimes 
five miles wide. 

LAIvE VIEUX DESERT, Wis. 

The source of the Wisconsin River, 
intersected by the Michigan boundary 
line. The Wisconsin River is a 
tributary of the Mississippi, 600 
miles long, dividing the state in 
halves. 

LAKE WINNEBAGO, Wis. 
The largest of all the hundreds of 
deep cut lakes, 30 miles long and 
10 miles wide, with high banks and 
romantic surroundings of field and 
forest. A group of towns, including 
Fond du Lac, Oshkosh, Menasha 
and Neenah, is situated on the 
picturesque hills of this large lake, 
which derives its name from the 
Winnebago Indians. 

MADISON, Wis. 
The Capital of the State, of Wis- 
consin, with a population of 13,426 
souls ill 1890, founded in 1837. The 
city is at once a commercial and 
educational center and a favorite 
summer resort. Its situation is of 
extraordinary beauty, in the heart 
of the "Four Lake country", so called 
from the lakes: Mendota (6X4 miles); 
Monona (3—1/2X2 miles); Wambcsa 
(3X2 miles) and Kegousa (3x2 
miles). The University, the Capitol 
and other public buildings, are 
situated on commanding hills, over- 
looking the greater part of this 
charmnig region. The Univcj^sity 
of Wisconsin, founded in 1849, has 
a staff of 125 teachers and 1500 
students and occupies sixteen build- 
ings. The Washburn Observatory, 
on the summit of University lliil, 
containing a telescope of 15—1/2 
inches aperture, is one of the best 
appointed observatories in the United 
.States. The Wisconsin Historical 
Society has a library of 150,0U0 
volumes and an excellent Collcctiuu 
of Works of Art. The Fulton Opera 
House is a remarkable building, 



seating 1500 persons. Steamers 
run on Lakes Mendota and Menona, 
affording pleasant excursions. Long- 
fellow depicted this locality and 
praised its 

"Fair lakes, serene and full of light. 
Fan- towTi, arrayed in robes of white." 
Lake Mendota is a favorite resort 
of visitors to this region and the 
Monona Lake Assembly Grounds 
on the shore of Lake Monona. To7i- 
ya-wath-a Springs is another well 
known watermg-place and summer 
resort, near Madison, especially 
patronized by the residents of the 
Southern .States. 
Railroads: C. & N.; I. C. 

MANITOWOC, Wis. 

A port and business centre, on 
Lake Michigan, about 100 miles north 
of Milwaukee. 

Railroads: M. L. S. & W. 

MEDFORD, Wis. 
A pretty country town, with about 
5000 inhabitants on the Wis. C. R. R. 
in the north-western part of the 
state. 

MENOSHA, Wis. 
At the foot of Lake Winnebago, 
has valuable water power; formerly 
an Indian village, inhabited by the 
Winnebago Indians. 

MERRILL, Wis. 
A business center of 7000 inhabi- 
tants, in Oneida County, famous for 
its pine and other lumber land and 
its supposed wealth of mineral 
deposits. 
Railroads: C. M. «& St. Paul. 

MILWAUKEE, Wis. 
RAILROADS : 

Milwaukee is the railroad center 
of the state of Wisconsin. Fourteen 
railway systems either have theii" 
terminals in or pass through Mil- 
waukee. There are five regular lines 
of steamers connected with railway 
lines onLakeEric, whichrun i-egularly 
to and from Milwaukee. It isconnccted 
with Chicago by two railroads, which 
have finely fitted out depots in 
Milwaukee.- The Chica^ & NorM- 
western Raihvay, and The Chica^g, 



446 



Milwaukee & St. Paul. Both lines 
charge $ 2,25, chair cars 35 cents. 
Time two and one half to three hours, 
flistance 85 miles from Chicago. 

EXPRESS AND BAGGAGE: 

Facilities are the same as in other 
citie^. Electric cars are rmming 
through the principal streets; fare 
iive cents. Omnibiisses and two and 
one horse vehicles are at hand at the 
Railroad Depots, Hotels etc. 

HOTELS : 

Milwaukee possesses a greatnumber 
of hotels. We recommend: 

Republican House, corner Cedar 
and Third streets, American plan, 
$2—3. This is a first class reliable 
hotel, with all modem appointments, 
centrall}'- located. 

Schlits Hotel: Grand Avenue 
corner Third Street; European and 
American plan; from $1 upwards; 
excellentlocation, elegantly furnished, 
fine cuisine, moderate prices. 



Hotel Pfister: corner Wisconsin 
and Jefferson Streets, $2,50 to $5,--. 

Milwaukee is the largest and most 
impoitant city in the state of Wisconsin 
and one of the most active manufact- 
ming cities of the north-west. It is 
situated admh'ably on the west coast 
of Michigan Lake at the affluence in 
the lake of the Milwaukee river. 
Within the limits of the city the 
Milwaukee river receives the affluence 
of two tributary rivers, the Munominec 
and Kiunickinnic. The harbor is 
excellent and the rivers deep enough 
to permit the biggest lake vessels 
to load and unloacl their freight at 
the doors of the stores. Milwaukee 
is German in the greater part of its 
population and customs. The streets 
are well laid out and finely built. It 
has about 250,000 inhabitants. 

For two hundred years and for an 
untold period before, the present 
location of Milwaukee had been used 
as a peaceful meeting place of the 
Indians — the name Milwaukee 
meaning "Universal CouncilGrounds". 




The Sohlitz Hotel 

ailWaui^ee, Wis. 

Situated corner Grand Avenue and Third Street 

in the heart of the City. 

Conducted on the European Plan. 

Homelike accommodations for 200 guests at reasonable rates. 

Palm Garden. Restaurant. Bar Room. 

PLEISS & HECK, Proprietors. 




M7 



The first permanent white settlers 
came in 1818. The name of Salomon 
Juneau, an Indian trader, is rever- 
eutiall}- held in memor)- of ever}' 
inhabitant of Mihraukee as tlio father 
ot the city. In 1837 the vi.iage of 
Milwaukee was organized and in 184H 
it was incorporated as a city. The 
population at that time was 9,700. 

The climate of Milwauke is ad- 
mirable; in fact it has a reputation 
ai a summer resort, combining the 
conveniences and comforts of a city 
with the clear atmosphere ot the 
Country. The lawns, shaded streets 
and parks form a charming- beauty 
to the surroundings. 

The principal business street is 
Grand Avenue, running from East 
to West, beside Wisconsin Street 
and East Water Street. 

PUBLIC BUILDINGS: 

The most remarkable buildings are 
the Posi Ojjice and Custom House, 
corner of Wisconsin and Milwaukee 
Streets; the Court House, in the 
block formed by Jelferson, Jackson, 
Oneida and Michigan streets; the 
Chamber of Commerce Building in 
Michigan street; the La3'ton Art 
Galleiy, comer Jefferson and Mason 
streets; the Exposition Building on 
Cedar street; the Public Library, 
40S Grand Avenue. The three latter 
buildings form part of Milwaukee's 
educational institutions; the Ex- 
position Buildmg containing a mu- 
seum of natural history, open each 
afternoon and Sundays. The Layto'n 
Ai-t Gallery contains a most satis- 
factory collection of pictures, and 
is open to the public every day; 
Wednesday and Friday 25 cents. 
The Public Library is open from 
9 to 9. There are innumerable 
scientific and educational organ- 
izations, where the intellectual side 
of life can be fully developed. The 
most prominent ist the Milwaukee 
College. 

Among the 115 churches and 18 
chapels or missions, representmg 
every religion are some edifices well 
worti) examining. St. Paul's Episcopal 
Chmch, Trinity Lutheran Church, 
St. Antonius Catholik Church, 



Immanuel Presbyterian Church and 
Plymouth Church. 

Milwaukee possesses some line 
private buildings. A visit to Pabst 
oltice building should be made by 
every traveler for its architectural 
beauties and the splendid viaw over 
the city and surroundings. Other 
remarkable office and store buildings 
are the Loan and Trust Building, 
Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance 
Company Buildmg, The Friend Block, 
The Sentinel Building. Beautiful 
residences are those of Capt. Fred 
Pabst; Mis. L. Schandein, John 
L. Mitchell on Grand Avenue, The 
Belvedere Flats etc. Splendid edifices 
are occupied by the leading hotels, 
like Pfister, Republican House, Schlitz 
Hotel, Plankenton House, Pabst 
Hotel. 

THEATRES AND PLACES OF 

AMUSEMENTS. 

Milwaukee possesses 4 first class 
theatres, besides many other place3 
of amusement. The principal 
theatres are Davidson Theatre, 
Bijou Opera House, German Stadt 
Theater and the newest Pabst Theatre. 
The various beer gardens are a fea- 
ture. No visitor sliould fail to visit 
Schlits Palm Garden, a most imique 
pleasure resort, artistically decorated 
and studded with palms and jilants. 
Concerts every evening. Refresh- 
ments of every description. Patron- 
ized by the best public, 

Milwaukee is blessedwith numerous 
parks. The Lake Shore Parks are 
beautiful and form with the boule- 
vards a fine di^ive system. The most 
interesting and oldest is the Juneau 
Park located on a hill, viewing the 
river. Juneau Park contains the 
statue of Salomon Juneau and Leif 
Ericson. Fine driveway runs to 
Whitefish Bay along the river. On 
the south-east corner of the city is 
the Forest Llome Cemetery. 

Visitors to Milwaukee find amon^ 
the chief points of interest which it 
is customary for touxists to visit the 
gioat Pabst Brewing Company, the 
largest institution of the kind in the 
world. The inception of this enter- 
prise some fifty years ago, did not 
in its first years presage the won- 



US 



derfnl developement which has since 
characterized it. But from those very 
modest beginnings, growing as it has 
grown with the tendenc)^ of the 
American people towai'd mild bev- 
erages, this institution has waxed 
greater and greater, until now its 



enermous business interests covering 
a whole country, are one of the 
wonders of this beautiful city. 

Bi'ewing, as the chief industry of 
Milwaukee, becomes a matter of 
■great interest to evcr)^ one jour- 
neying thi-Qugh the Badger State 




and it has become quite the custom 
for exursionists to devote a portion 
of their time to its iiispection. Nat- 
urally the gi'eatest ii^stihxtion come 
in for the largest number of \dsitors 
and has therefore made adequate 
provision for their accomodation. 
Uniformed guides are constantly at 
hand to conduct the traveller through 
the immense building, and a place 



is provided where, free and without 
price, foaming tankards of the delec- 
table beverage ban be enjoyed ^with 
comfort. It requires no password 
or cabilistic sign or preliminary red 
tape to gain an entree to this 
unstinted liospitalit3^for all the visitor 
has to do is to present him or her- 
self, as the case may be, at the main 
office of the institution and express 



449 



the desire to make a study of Hie 
Jinest development of the art . of 
Gambrinus. 

A few statistics are somewhat 
interesting', but fnll information can 
be had from the little souvenir 
books published bj- the company 
and given to every visitor. For 
instance, the following tigures show 
the increase"' in sales for each five 
years since 1865, and convey an idea 
of the growth of the business : 



18G5 . . 10,908 brls. 

,1870 37,108 „ 

1875 115.649 ,. 

1880 272,4:77 .. 

1885 385,234 .. 

1890 700.233 ,. 

1895 955,1.50 .. 

The Pabst Brewing Company has 
over fortv branches. These branches 
arc owned and absolutely controlled 
by the home office and are under 
the direction of salaried officers and 











View of the Brewery. 



t'licir .i.ssislants, who are paid directly 
liy the home compan)-. In addition 
li> these branches the Company has 
some six hundred -local agents, who 
purchase their beer exclusively, and 
who act as wholesale dealers in 
tlieir product. 

Other great industrial enterprises 
in and around Milwaukee are the 
world wide known Illinois Steel 
Company, the Edw. P. Allis Company 
uiauufacturers of engines and mill 
]nachinery; the Fuller - Warren- 
Company, manufacturing stoves, 
ranges and heating apparatus; the 
Wisconsin Malleable Iron Company; 
the Hoffman & Billinos Manufactur- 
ing Company: the Milwaukee Boiler 
Company; 'Vulcan Iron Works; 
Kieckhefer Bros. Com])any, manu- 
facturers of stamped tm ware; Gender 
&Taeschke Manufactm-ing Comj^any, 
nianufacturers of same article; Stock 
3fards and Packing houses of Cudahy, 
I'fister & ^'ogel Leather Company; 
Northwestern Straw Works, maim- 



facturing Ladies Straw Hals; Mil- 
waukee Cement Works: Conwa)- 
Cabinet Company, hardwood mantels ; 
Steinman Lumbei' Company; F. 
Mayer Boot & Shoe Company; 
Rickers & Company's Soap Works: 
The Gem Hammock & Fly Net 
Company: Eagle Flour Compan}-; 
Daisy Roller Mill Company etc. etc. 

All these and other establishments 
have elegant offices in the city, 
which has also some fine departement 
and speciality stores. Among tlu' 
leading stores occupying fine build- 
ings, special mention may be made 
of the T. A. Chapman Comi)any 
dry goods; carpets, curtains and 
draperies Goldsmith & Co.; Stark 
Bros. Co., Wholesale Druggists are 
the Chas. Baumbach Company : 
Beals, Torrey & Co., boots and 
shoes; Bub fcRipp are manufacturers 
of Ptulor Furnitui-e; Mendel Smith 
«.K: Company, importers and grocers ; 
F. F. Adams Tobacco Company. 

Near to Milwaukee, in every di- 



450 




MILWAUKEE, 



WISCONSIN. 



D as alteste dentscfte Gastliaus des Staates. 

-® ^i)(t feabing commcrciaf i)Otd of i^(t cii^. ^- 

\AAAAAAAAA,^^\AVVV 

ALL MODERN IMPROVEMENTS. 

FIRST CLASS SERVICE. 



vwy\/\/wv\A/vww 



The only hotel in America having its own telephone system^ 

ice making and refrigerating plant, electric light, heat and 

power plant and an absolutely fire proof addition. 



\AAAAAAAAAAAA/VW 



Rates, with bath S 2. 50 and $ 3.00 per day, depending on location of 
rooms — All others $ 2.00 per day. 



74 



MANAGER, 



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PABST BEER 

is sold by all dealers throughout the United States, 
and is acknowledged perfect. 



I I M I I I I I 



^f).m' 



rmm 



I I I I M I I 



ANNUAL CAPACITY 
3,000,000 Barrels. 

CAPITAL $ 10,000,000. 



wwww 



Visitors are always 

welcome to inspect this 

great plant. 



I M I I I I I I 






I I I I I I I I I 



75 




PABST BREWING COMPANY 



450d 



rectioTi are numerous ' inland lakes, 
reached by romantic drives. Along 
the shores of Lake Michigan are 
various resorts where simimer amu- 
sement are to be found. 

The National Soldiers' Home is 
situated three miles from the city. 
20,000 invalids can iind shelter in 
tliis large charitable enterprise, which 
contams a beautiful park, open to 
-the public every week day. 

An interesting excursion may be 
made twenty miles from Milwaukee 
to Waukesha, where the Bethesda 
fountain is located. This water is 
exported over the United States and 
to Europe as a preventative of 
Bright's disease and Diabetes. 

NEENAH, Wis. 
A place at the foot of Lake. 
Winnebago, well known for its exten- 
sive paper mills, operated hy the im- 
mense water power of the Fox River. 

OSHIvOSH, Wis. 

The third citv of Wisconsin, founded 
in 1836, having more then 24,000 
inhabitants; a business, center with 
large saw-mills and various manufac- 
tories. 

Railroads: C. M. & St. P.; C. &l 
N. W.; M. L. S. & W.; W. C. 

PIKE LAKE, Wis. 
N. P. R. L. S. D. Some 25 miles 
west of Ashland, on the Lake 
Superior Division, is a summer resort, 
the lake furnishing excellent sport 
for fishermen. Game also abounds 
in the surrounding country. 

PORTAGE City. 

The head of navigation on the 
Wisconsin River, on the government 
canal, connecting the Wisconsin and 
Fox Rivers, at the junction of three 
divisions of the Chicago & North- 
western R. R. Population about 
6000, carrying on an extensive trade 
with the surrounding country and 
workmg in many factories. Railway 
repair shops, a High School, a large 
jail and a District "Court House. 

Railroads: C. M. & St. P.; W. C. 



PORT WASPIINGTON. Wis. 
A tine port on I^ake Michigan, 
north of Milwaukee, touched at by 
the steamers running to the northern 
ports of I^ake Michigan. 

PRAIRIE du CHIEN, Wis. 

A prettily situated town of 3000 
inhabitants on the eastern bank of 
the Mississippi River, 1 — 1/2 miles 
above the mouth of the Wisconsin 
River. It received its name from 
then Indian chief, the Dog (Chien), 
whose tribe formerly dwelt here and 
was captured by Colonel Mo Kay's 
Expedition in 1814. It is now an 
important shipping point, having 
varied and important manufactories. 

Railroads: C. M. & St. P.; C. 
B. & N. 

RACINE, Wis. 

The fifth largest city of Wisconsin, 
at the mouth of the Root River, on 
a plateau, projecting fi.ve miles into 
Lake Erie. A very flourishing place, 
with a good harbor, finely laid out 
with shaded streets, contains man}' 
manufactories of agricultural imple- 
ments, caiTiages and other vehicles. 
Main Street is the principal business 
thoroughfare, one part of it having 
some very fine residences. Racine 
is the seat of Racine College (Epis- 
copal) a very prominent institution, 
covering ten acres of ground. The 
Public Schools are very good. Other 
educational establishments are: 

"St. Catharine s Academy ; Racine 
Academy and Ale. Mtirphy Home 
School. Racine was settled in 1834, 
was incorporated as a city in 1848 
and in 1890, had 21,104 inhabitants. 
It is a favorite summer resort and 
stopping place, for steamers, coming 
from Chicago. A great many Ger- 
mans have settled here. 

Raih^oads: C. M. & St., P. C. & 
N. W. 



RPIINELANDER, Wis. 
A timbering place on the 



Consm River, 
founded in 
migrants. 



Wis- 
with 2500 inhabitants, 
1750 by German im- 



451 



SIIEBOGGAN, Wis. 

A lake poi^t and business place, 
50 miles north of Milwaukee, on 
Lake Michigan, founded in 18H4, 
having at present some 20,000 inhabi- 
tants, mostly natiA'es of Germany or 
their descendents. All publications, 
issued in the city, are in the German 
language. 



Railroads . 
S. & W. 



•C. & N. W.; M. L. 



SUPERIOR, Wis. 



P 



X. P. R. L. S. D. County seat of 
Douglas county and metropolis of 
Northern Wisconsin, includes West 
Superior, South Superior, and Su- 
perior. Population 30,000. Situated 
on a level plateau at the head of 
Lake Superior, on the Wisconsin 
side of the St. Louis river and bay 
Has an l8 feet harbor, with 44 miles 
of water front on St. Louis, Superior 
and AUoues bays. It has several 
trunk line railroads, and is the ter- 
minus of all of the lake lines engaged 
in Luke Superior traffic. In 1896 
exceeding 3,000 of arrivals and 
clarances of vessels, were registered 
at the port collector's office, which 
enormous shipping has grown from 
194 arrivals and clearances in 1884. 
The coal receipts for 1895 were 
1,456,400 tons, and wheat receipts 
25,486,000 bushels. Superior has 
twelve grain elevators with a storage 
capacity of 14,750,000 bushels; seven 
largo coal docks; seven flouriijg' 
mills with an operating capacity oi 
12,250 barrels a day, and a con- 
structive capacity nearly double. 
Superior has an iron ore dock, and 
in all some 232 manufacturing in- 
dustries including nearly every branch 
of industry. The complete product 
of its industries in 1895, according 
to ihe city statistician's report, figur- 
<^s S 15,375,4 "l.oo in value. There 
are six banks in the city with an 
a<>;gregate capital of $ 1 ,000,000.aj. 
Tlu' city has a complete water sys- 
tem, electric and gas lights, twent}'- 
two miles of street railway, ten 
school buildings, new State normal 
school, a board of trade, nearly 
thirty miles of paved street, an opera 

452 



house, three daily and eight ireetly 
newspapers, large dry dock, ship 
)'ards, where the whalcbacks are 
built, and several large saw-mills 
The Lake Superior Terminal and 
Transfer Railway has built a union 
passenger station at West Superio 
which is used by the five railway 
lines running into this point, and 
this railway does the transferring 
for all the other roads. The North- 
ern Pacific Railway connects Superior 
with Duluth by means of a bridge 
across the St. Louis River. The 
delightful summer climate and abmid- 
ant fishing resorts make this city 
and vicinil)' a rendezvous for summer 
travelers in the Northwest, with 
elegant hotels for their accommo- 
dation, The Northern Pacific main 
line divides at this point, one line 
extending to West Superior and 
Duluth, and the other to Superior 
and thence to Ashland. 



1 
I 



TOMAHAWK, Wis. 

An important lumbering place, of 
2500 inhabitants, north of Wausan, 
on the Wisconsin River. 



TON-YA-WATH-A-SPRINGS, Wis. 

A well kown watering-place, near 
Madison, the capital 6i Wisconsin. 



WATERTOWN, Wis. 

One of the chief cities along the 
Rock River, near Beloit, Wisconsin. 

WAUKESHA, Wis. 

A well known health resort, largely 
owing to its ten magnesium springs, 
2I miles from Milwaukee. The 
"Bethesda" Spring, discovered in 
1868, is the best of them; its water 
is not only in extensive use in 
America, but also in England, espec- 
ially as a cure for diabetes and 
Bright's disease. The Fountain 
Spring House, is a large hotel, 
capable of accommodating 800 
guests, open only during the season. 

Railroads: C. M. & St. Paul; C. 
& N. W.; W. C. 



WAUSAN, Wis. 

A veiy important place for the 
timber trade, with 12,000 inhabitants, 
on the Wisconsin River. 

Railroads: C. M. & St. P.; M. 
L. S. & U. 

WEST SUPERIOR, Wis. . 

In 1885 a small village of 300 
souls, now a flourishing city of 
10,000 inhabitants, situated on Lake 
Superior, opposite Duluth, with 
immense coal docks, elevators, iron 
pipe and steel works, the distributing- 
docks and tanks of the Standard 
Oil Company for the North-West 
and the largest coal dock in the 



world, with a capacity of 1,000,000 
tons. Seven railways converge here 
upon a deep harbor, at the western 
and of Lake Superior. 

Railroads: C. St. P. M. & O.: 
N. P. ; St. P. M. & M. ; St. P. & D. 

WISCONSIN RIVER DALLES, Wis. 

Near Kilburn City, the most 
picturesque point of the Wisconsin 
Valley, visited every year by thou- 
sands of tourists. The river flows 
here, for more than five miles, through 
the "Dalles" , between sheer walls 
of friable sandstone worn into 
curious forms by the action of the 
water. 



453 



WYOMING. 



Wyoming, _ the youngest of the 
States, occupies a space between the 
27th and 34th meridian of longiiudc 
west, and the 41st and 45th degree 
of north latitude, about 2,000 miles 
west from the Atlantic Ocean and 
Soo miles east of the Pacific, forming 
a parallelogram 365 miles east and 
west by 275 miles north to south, 
and containing nearly lOO.OOO square 
miles, or an area about as large as 
the six New England States and 
Indiana combined. It is bounded by 
Montana on the north, Dakota and 
Nebraska ou the east, Colorado and 
Utah on the south, and Utah, Idalio 
and Montana on the west. The 
larger part of the present State was 
acquired by the Louisiana puichasc 
from France in 1S03, but a small 
portion of Southwestern Wyoming 
was obtained by the relinquishment 
of Mexico ui the treaty of peace 
signed in 1848. 

As late as 1870, the total pop- 
ulation of Wyoming did not exceed 
te7r thousand. The entire northern 
part of Wyoming was oveiTun with 
Indians, and it was not until 1876-77 
tluit General George Crook succeeded 
in bringing these warlike tribes to 
peace. 

The tribes of Indians then occupy- 
ing Wyoming were the Sioux, Crows, 
AraiJahoes, Shoshones, and remnants 
of other tribes. They remained here 
ill greater or less immbers imtil 
roiiipelled to go upon reservations 
clsdwhere, the Utes on the south, in 
Colorado, the Sioux on the western 
limits of Dakota, the Crows on the 
southern limits of Montana, and the 

4-5 



Shoshones and Arapahoes near the 
easleni limits of Idaho and a re- 
servation in the Wind River Valley 
of Wyoming. The early sclllement 
and industrial interests of Wyoming 
were much retarded through the 
hostility of these tribes, miners and 
settlers being driven from their 
mines and homes. To-day there are 
no Iftdians Mathin the limits of Wyom- 
ing, except the Ai-apahoes and the 
Shoshones. These Indians occupy 
the Wmd River Reservation, cover- 
ing an area of 1,520,000 acres. They 
are peaceful, and have made some 
progress in education and agricultural 
pursuits. 

Wyoming takes its name from 
the Indian word "Maughwanwame", 
meaning plains, and first had its 
application in the Wyoming Valley 
of Pennsylvania. The general surface 
of the State is mountainous, with 
foot-hills, bold blufl's, broad rolling 
plains or undulatmg plateaus, witli 
a mean elevation of about 6,000 feet. 
The average elevation is I.OOO feet 
less than Colorado. The extremes 
range from 3,ooo to 14,000 feet 
above the sea level. Numerous rivers 
and their tributaries fiow tlnroughout 
the State, while the sublimity and 
grandeur of scenery is unsiu-passed 
by any part of the globe. The 
principal ranges of mountains in 
Wyoming are the Wind River in the 
northwest, the Big Hoiti nortli of 
the center, the Black Hills in tlie 
northeast, the Laramie range south 
of the center, and the Rattlesnake 
and Sweetwater in the central portion . 
.)f the State. Several of the great 
1 



rivers of the continent, including the 
Missouri, the Colorado, and the 
Cokunbia, have their headquarters 
in Wyoming. The Yellowstone and 
its tributaries, the Big Horn, Powder, 
Little Missouri, and Cheyenne, on 
the north, flow from the northern 
part of the State and empty into the 
Missoiu'i; the Green River and its 
tributaries traverse the southwest, 
flowing into the Colorado, the Snake 
River is the chief tributary of the 
Columbia in the west, and the north 
fork of the Platte with its many 
tributaries flows through the center 
and southeastern portion of Wyom- 
ing. None of the rivers of the State 
are navigable, but they are the natural 
avenues for railroads, and along their 
banks will be located the future 
cities and towTjS of the common- 
wealth. The rich mineral treasures 
of the mountains will be poured 
into the valleys and plains, which 
in turn will supply the agricultural 
and stock-raising products. 

Wyoming has a total area of 
62,645,120 acres, of which the greater 
portion is adapted to grazing and 
agriculture; of this nearly 48,000,000 
acres have been surveyed. It is 
estimated that between 12,000,000 
and 15,000,000 acres can be success- 
fully cultivated, and that nearly 
10,000,000 acres are covered with 
tunber. 

The physical and scenic features 
of Wyoming are remarkable for their 
vai-iety and grandeur. The State is, 
in llie main, broken in its general 
surface features, hexe and there ris- 
ing from undulating plains to lofty 
moimtains. Illustrating this, the 
great plains of Nebraska extend into 
Eastern Wyoming from 40 to 70 
miles, when they gradually rise to 
an elevation of from 6,000 to 9,000 
feet above sea level, thus forming 
the Laramie or Black Hills Range, 
a part of the eastern spur of fhe 
Rocky Mountara system which 
extends from the British possessions 
through Western Montana into 
Wyoming from its northwest corner 
to the southeast, into Colorado, and 
southward across the continent. 

The- largest lake in Wyoming is 
Yellowstone. It is about 22 lailes 
longf from south to north, and from 



10 to 15 miles wide from east to 
west, and has been sounded at the 
depth of 300 feet. It is a beautiful 
expanse of water, cold, clear, and 
filled with vegetable growths, and 
abounding with salmon trout. 

Upon the divides on either side of 
Yellowstone Lake are numerous small 
lakes at an elevation of 10,000 to 
l],ooo feet above sea level, many of 
which have no outlet, being merely 
reservoirs for the elevated plateaus. 
To the soutwest of Yellowstone Lake 
are three lesser lakes — Shoshone, 
Lewis, and Madison — besides other 
small ones. The former is the largest, 
being about 5 miles long and 3 miles 
wide, and has an altitude of 8,000 
feet above the sea. Lewis Lake, 
some 5 miles south of Shoshone, is 
a clear body of water some 2V2 miles 
long by 1V2 miles wide. Four or 
5 miles west of the west branch of 
Shoshone is Madison Lake, a beautiful 
body, skirted with a dense pine forest. 
It is about 3 miles long north and 
south, and 2 miles wide east and 
west. Some 10 miles south of 
Yellowstone Lake lies Heart Lake, 
which is one of the sources of Snake 
River, and nearly as large as Lewis 
Lake. Besides these there are other 
lesser bodies, lakelets, nestling on 
the mountara plateaus and in the 
lower valleys, which are interesting 
attiractions to the Park region. 

Descending in.to Snake River Valley 
we find, some 40 miles from its 
source, Jackson's I^ake, an irregular 
body some 8 miles in length, and 
from 2 to 3 in width, with a souud- 
ing of 250 feet in depth, and with 
a good sized island. Just below 
Jackson's Lake are two other lakes, 
Leigh's and Jenney's, about a mile 
apart, and which are some 2 miles 
long by half a mile wide each. Still 
farther south down this valley, are 
two more interesting lakes, called 
Taggart an d Phelps, which are more 
or Jess siu'ounded by moraines or 
glacial walls from 150 to 420 feet 
above the lakes. 

Passing southward into the Green 
River Valley, we find Fremont's 
Lake, a body some 8 to lO miles 
long and some 2^2 miles wide, lying 
about 12 miles from Fremont's Peak 
in the Wind River Range. Still 



455 



farther iu the southwest, on the 
plateau of the Bear River Ran^e, 
near the source of Salt River, lies 
a beautiful emerald ,lake, called Alice. 
There are hundreds of other lesser 
lakes scattered over the entire area 
of Wyoming that are useful and 
beautiful, but too numerous to' 
mention. These beautiful and interest- 
ing little resei"V'oirs of the drainage 
system of Wyomhig are, to a greater 
or less extent, scattered all through 
the moimtain ranges and plains of 
the State. 

Switzerland has its Alpine montain 
ranges and their accompany-fca- 
tures of nature, which command the 
admiration and wonder of tourists 
from all lands. So, too, has Wyoming 
its "Alpine" ranges in the Rocky 
Mountain chain, which with its 
collateral off-shoots and spurs, rises 
in lofty grandeur throughout its 
domain. Its snow-capped peaks, its 
valleys, basins, and plains are marked 
with many wonderful curiosities, 
WTOught by the steady, quiet hand 
of Nature through the various elements 
at her command, which tell us of the 
long ages of the past. The wonderful 
power of these elements — atmosphere, 
heat, and water — in their various 
relations, is here demonstrated in 
the upheavals, the depressions, the 
deep, rock-cut canons, awe-inspiring 
cataracts and beautiful cascades, 
fantastic rock)^ monuments canned 
from mountain ranges b)^ the erosive 
and glacial action of ages past. 
Mounds, buttes, and dunes rise with 
artistic symmetry, as though thought- 
ful skill had formed them rather than 
the action of the drift. These, with 
the water-courses that flow from 
mountain ranges down through deep 
valle)^s and canons, falling over rocky 
ledges for hundreds of feet, across 
grass-covered plains, and with nu- 
merous lakes embosomed on the 
high plateaus, slopes, and bases of 
these ranges, present scenic views 
doubtless more grand and more 
wonderful than any other region of 
countiy on the globe. 

Of mountain peaks there are but 
few on the North and South American 
continents of greater elevation than 
Fremont's Peak, of the Wind River 
Range — 13,790 feet above the sea; in 



fact, there aie but few on the globe 
higher. Among the higher peaks of 
the several mountain ranges of the 
Slate are Wind River Peak, 13,4CXD 
feet; Grand Teton Peak, of the Teton 
Range, 13,690 feet; Mount Sheridan, 
13,691, and Mount Washburn, 10,316 
feet, of the Yellowstone Range; Index 
Peak, Shoshone Range, 11,500 feet; 
Wyoming Peak, of Wyoming Range, 
11,490 feet; Gros Ventre Peak, 
11,570 feet, and Atlantic Peak, 12,700, 
both of Wind River Range; Yont's 
Peak, Shoshone Range, 11,700 feet; 
Soda Peak, 9,683; Whisky Peak, 
9,273: Semcnoe Peak, 9,930 feet, of 
the Rattlesnake Range; Washakie 
Needles, Owl Creek Range, 12,253; 
Black Butte,LaramieRange, 11,000 feet. 
Wyoming has superior climatic 
advantages. Remote from the sea- 
coast and large bodies of water, there 
is but little fog or rain, and the 
general prevalence of sunshine renders 
the atmosphere dry, rare, and clear. 
Cloudy days ai-e the exception. Ob- 
jects are seen at great distances, and 
the atmospheric influence on the 
human system is bracing and healthful. 

ALMY, Wy. 

Three miles west of Evanston in 
Uinta County, with about 1500 
inhabitants. 

BUFFALO, Wy. 

Buffalo, the county seat of Johnson 
County, is located on Clear Creek, 
225 miles north of the Union Pacific 
Railway. The city has an electric 
light plant, water-works, a $ 40,000 
court-house, a $ l5,coo three-story 
brick flouring mill, good school 
buildings, national banks, two news- 
papers, several churches and numerous 
brick residences and buildings. Fort 
McKinney, a regimental post, is . 
situated two miles from the city. 
The scenery about the post and city 
is very fine. Telegraph and telephone 
lines connect the city with the fort 
and with railroad points. Buffalo has 
a good volunteer tire department, 
building association and board of 
trade. Fraternal societies are well 
represented. A United States land 
office is situated here. 



456 



CARBON, Wyoming. 

This town, with a population of 
1,150, is, exclusively, a coal mining 
district. 

CASPER, Wyoming. 

/ The new town of Casper is in the 
northeastern part of the county. It 
is sm-rounded by a fine grazing 
country, the centre of an extensive 
oil basin and numerous soda lakes. 
The town has several Ijirge mercan- 
tile establishments, a bank, and 
weekly newspaper. Freight in large 

Quantities is shipped from Casper to 
zanders and Fort Washakie. 



CHEYENNE, Wy. 

The county seat of Laramie county 
and capital of the State is on Crow 
Creek, in the southern part of the 
county. It is a well laid out, hand- 
somely built city, and is noted for the 
enterprise of its citizens. It was 
designated as the capital of the 
Territory in 1869, and the adopted 
constitution for Wyoming makes it 
the State capital. Cheyenne is 516 
miles from Omaha, on the Union 
Pacific, and is at the junction of the 
Cheyenne & Northern, Colorado 
Central, and Denver Pacific railways. 
Extensive shops of the Union Pacific 
are located here. 

Cheyenne has an extensive system 
of water-works, good sewerage system, 
fire department and fire alarm 
system, telephone exchange, electric 
and gas light in streets and buildings, 
opera house, club houses, expensive 
business blocks and elegant residences, 
ten churches, four banks with an 
average capital of over a million 
dollars, and three daily and three 
weekly newspapers. The city has 
three large public school buildings 
and another authorized to be built; 
a convent building erected at a cost 
of nearly $5O,00O; deaf, dumb, and 
blmd asylum; county hospital, and 
also a capitol building. The city has 
a very handsome public park, covering 
four blocks, commodious hotels, street 
cars, and substantial and fine society 
buildings; such as Masons, Odd 
Fellows, Knights of Pythias, etc. 

4 



Fort Russel, three miles northwest 
of Cheyenne, is a permanent military 
post, the largest and most important 
m the Department of the Platte. It 
has lately beeh supplied with modem 
water and sewerage system, and the 
buUdings for officers and men are of 
tarick, containing all the modem 
improvements. 

Cheyenne enjoys a freemaU-delivery 
system. It is the supply point for 
an extensive stock-raising country 
adjoining. The city is justly noted 
for its buildings, numerous shade 
trees, lawns, stone and cement side- 
walks, and perfectly graded streets. 
The State Fair Association groimds 
are a mile from the city. Cheyenne 
has a board of trade, a Young Men's 
Christian Association, with free 
reading-room and gymnasium, and 
fraternal societies are well represented. 
The Union Pacific has here a hand- 
some station building of red and 
gray sandstone, 225 by 56 feet in 
size, two and three stones high, and 
costing over $100,000. 

DANA, Wyoming 
A coal mining place, in Carbon 
County. The output is of excellent 
quality. 

DOUGLAS, Wy. 
The country seat of Converse 
County on the Platte River. It is a 
town of about 800 inh. 

EVANSTON, Wy. 
This city is the county seat, ol 
Uinta County, has a population of 
1,995, and is one of the most pros- 
perous and promising towns in the 
State. It is pleasantly situated in 
the Bear River Valley, with many 
natural advantages. It is the home 
of wealthy cattlemen, mine owners 
and bankers, and is improving very 
rapidly. The Union Pacific shops, 
located here, employ a number of 
skilled mechanics. The city has two 
banks, two newspapers, five churches, 
good- school-houses, electric -light 
plant, waterworks and other improve- 
ments. The State insane asylum is 
situated here, and also the United 
States land office for the Evanston 
district. 



GLENROCIv, Wy. 
To^Ti in Couverse County. Here 
are the mines of the Dale Creek 
Coal Company. 

HANNA, Wyoming. 
A coal mining place, 'in Carbon 
County; the coal mined is of good 
quality. 

INEZ,-Wy. 
16 miles from Douglas, are the 
mines of the Fettermann Coal 
Company. 

LANDER, Wy. 
The county seat of Fremont County 
is a prosperous town. It has a bank, 
two weekly papers, good schools and 
a well-built court house. The 
Shoshone Indian Agency and the 
military post of Fort Washakie are 
located about 15 miles from the 
county seat. Lander has a flouring 
mill and a electric light plant. The 
iown. is reached by stage from the 
U. P. at Rawlins, 130 miles south. 

LARAMIE, Wyommg. 

The principal trade centre and 
County Seat of Albany County, 
with a population of 6,500. It is a 
supply point for ranchmen, miners, 
and the important railroad and manu- 
facturing interests that have been 
located there. Extensive machine 
shops, employing several hundred 
men, are in operation; also a large 
rolling mill, a burnetizing establish- 
ment for the treatment of railroad 
ties, and chemical works for refining 
and preparation of the natural soda 
for market. Laramie has a flouring 
mill, glass works for the manufacture 
of wmdow glass, a tannery, soap 
works, planing mill, and numerous 
other enterprises. The Wyoming 
University, in which the citizens of 
Laramie take great delight, is located 
here; also a private school and 
hospital under the care of Sisters 
of Charity. There is a substantial 
county court-house and jail, con- 
structed of brick and stone, and fine 
school buildings, churches, residences 
and business establishments. The 
city has one dail}"- and three weekly 
news])apers and a religious monthly, 
three national banks, water and 



458 



sewerage systems, electric light, tele- 
phone, exchange, opera house, line 
buildings erected by various fraternal 
societies, etc. Laramie is the home 
of the Episcopal bishop of Wyoming 
and Idaho. The State fish hatchery 
is within 5 miles of the city, and 
the United States penitentiary a half 
mile outside the city limits. 

LUSK, Wy. 
Town in Converse Count)r on the 
Niobrara River, in the midst of gootl 
grazing country. 

I^WLINS, Wy. 
This city is on the Union Pacific 
Railway, and is the county seat of 
Carbon county. Its altitude is about 
7,000 feet. It is a short distance oft' 
the crest of the continental divide, 
where it is crossed by the Union 
Pacific. Rawlins has a population 
of 2,23s, is the terminus of the east 
and west mountain divisions of the 
raihoad, and has roundhouses and 
cjuite extensive machme shops, em- 
ploying a large number of men. Raw- 
lins ]s quite a distributing point, 
having trade with the outlying coun- 
try a distance of about 206 miles 
north and south of the raikoad. 
Daily and tri-weekly mail stages 
leave here for northern and southern 
points. The State penitentiary, to 
cost $ 100,000 when finished, is be- 
ing constructed here, and the public 
school houses of the county and city 
are substantial and handsome build- 
ings. The court-house, erected of 
stone, cost nearly $ 50,000, a public 
school-house $35,000, and one of 
the fine business blocks has been 
erected at an outlay of over $ 50,000. 
There are many other substantial 
business houses, besides residences, 
several churches, opera-house, etc. 
Rawlins has a weekly newspaper and 
one banking institution. 

ROCK SPRINGS, Wy. 
Rock Springs, in Sweetwater county, 
on the Union Pacific, is a mining 
city of 3,406 inhabitants and is. in 
the best coal-producing county in the 
Rocky Mountains. The Rock Springs 
coal is justly celebrated from tiie 
Pacific Ocean to the Missouri River. 
The city has a water-works system 



which cost exceeding $2oO,000. Its 
streets and buildings are lighted with 
arc and incandescent electric lights. 
1 1 has a bank, two newspapers, two 
schools, four churches, a volunteer 
fire department, excellent conunercial 
houses, suitable hotels and numerous 
residences. 

SARATOGA, Wy. 
So called on account of its hot 
sulphur springs in the southern part 
of Carbon Country, on the banks of 
the Platte River. 

SHERIDAN, Wy. 
Is the seat of government of 
Sheridan county, beautifully situated 
near the junction of Big and Little 
Goose creeks. The town is surrounded 
on all sides by broad and fertile 



valleys, well watered and produciiig 
in abundance a large variety of 
agricultural products. No town in 
the State is situated in the midst of 
so extensive a farming region, good 
roads, well graded and bridged, being 
laid out in all directions. It partakes 
lai"gely of the nature of the growing 
towns and cities of the grain-growing 
Western States. There are a dozen 
or more mercantile establisliments, 
representing the different lines, and 
residences and general buildings in 
proportion. It has an artesian well, 
supplying pure ^oft water. 

SUNDANCE, Wy. 

The County seat of Crook Cocraly 
and has a nice court house and 
town hall. 



459 



YELLOWSTOHE 
HATIOHA-L PARK. 



While the Pai-k is a reservation 
directly under the control of the 
general Gonvernment, j^et it lies al- 
most wholly within the boundary of 
Wyoniino-, and is justy regarded 
with pride by all its citizens. 

"The Yellowstone National Park 
occupies an area rejiorted as 61,8 
miles long by 56,6 miles wide, in the 
northwestern comer of Wyoming, 
with the exception of about two 
miles "which project on the northern 
border of Montana, and a strip of 
about the fiame width extending over 
into Montana and Idaho. 

"It can be described as a region 
of hot springs and geysers, mountains, 
canons, lakes and waterfalls. The 
beaut}' and grandeur of its scenery 
are not excelled by any localit)^ 
Here are fomid the largest and most 
numerous geysers in the world. No 
less than seventy of these are active 
geysers, some of which throw up 
columns of boiling water and steam 
over 250 feet in height, while there 
are thousands of boiling hot springs 
in whose depth are rejected all the 
prismatic colors of the rambow. 
Besides the geysers are majestic 
mountains, beautiful lakes and rivers, 
with numerous cascades, rapids, ond 
waterfalls. The Lower Falls of the 
Yellowstone are over 350 feet in 
height, and with the G^and Caiion, 
ai-e not surjjassed by any scener}' 
in the world. Difl\'riug from the 
splendors of Niagara or the Yose- 
mile, it is no less impressive. 



"Although exploring parties at 
various times, passed on all sides 
of this most curious region, its 
wonders remained imdiscovered 
until 1870, and it was not until ' 
1872, after the explorations of Dr. 
F. V. Hayden, that it was withdrawn 
from settlement and set apart for 
all time as a pleasure ground for the 
people. It is not strange that the 
Park remained thus unexplored, 
situated as it was on a plateau 8,(XX3 
feet above the sea-level, and 
surrounded on all sides by lofty 
mountains, the sides of which wei"e 
covered with a dense growth of 
pine forests, and sriow-capped 
summits 10,000 to 13,000 feet high. 
The only approaches to the Park 
were over these mountains, tilled 
with fallen timber, or through deep 
caBons, whose precipitous heights 
and rushing rivers made them dan- 
gerous and well nigh impassable. 
Having crossed the mountains or 
passed through one of the deep 
gorges, the sm-face of the Park is 
found to be undulating,- and since 
roads have been cut "through, the 
various points of interest are easily 
accessible. 

"The Mammoth Hot Sprmgs, 
NoiTis Basin, Lower and Upper 
Geyser Basin, Yellowstone Lake, 
and the Grand CaHon and Falls of 
the Yellowstone, are the principal 
l)oinls visited by tourists, and embrace 
a cicruit of about 150 miles by stage 
or private conveyance. 



460 




461 



Railroads, Singes, and Hotels. 
The hotels in the Park are managed 
by the Yellowstone Park Association 
under certain restrictions of the 
Government. Thej afford com- 
fortable accomodation at $, 4 per 
day. Wagons, saddle horses, and 
guides cau be obtained at reasonable 
rates. The Union Pacific Railwa}^ 
sells round-trip tickets to the Park 
via Beaver Canon, -on the Utah North- 
ern Railway, from the west. The 
season in the Park is limited to 
lietween the l5th of June and the 
30th of September. 

"The usual time spent hy tomists 
in the Park is from three to seven 
da3's, but more than twice that time 
could be taken up in visiting the 
nianj'^ places of interest. New objects 
are constantly being dicovered that 
add to its almost endless attractions. 

A steamboat plies on Yellowstone 
Lake along a shore line 112 miles 
in length. 



This beautiful sheet ot water of 
irregular shape is about 3O miles 
long, with an average width of from 
12 to r5 miles. There are besides in 
this vicinity the beautiful Shoshone 
Lake and Heart Lake under the 
shadow of Mount Sheridan. It is 
this vicinity that the Utah Northern 
(Union Pacific) has jirojected a road 
to be built in the near future', 
enabling tourists to reach the Park 
at its southern extremity. From 
Beaver CaBon the distance is nearly 
100 miles to the lower Geyser Basin 
through a beautiful mountain region 
that affords fine hunting and fishing 
just outside the Park, A stop may 
be made mildway, at Henry Fork, 
a tributary of .Snake River, a place 
that has the reputation of beuig a 
paradise for the huntsman. 

The park is protected \>y two 
companies of cavalry, 160 men. The 
cavalry make excellent police for a do- 
main of more than 3,500 square miles. 



462 



List of places. 



Aberdeen, S D ■. . 389 
Aberdeen, Wash . 424 
Abilene, Ks . . . 134 
Abilene, Tex . . . 394 
Adams, Neb . . . 238 
Adii-ondack, N Y . 263 
Adrian, Midi ... 187 
Adrian, N Dak . . 340 
Afogniak, Al . . . 36 
Ainslie, WasTi . . 424 
Aitkin, Minn ... 197 
Akoka, Minn ... 197 
Akron, Ohio ... 349 
Alameda, Cai ... 57 
Albany, NY. . .265 
Albany, Ore ... 360 
Albion, Neb ... 238 
Albion, NY. . .266 
Albuquerque, N M 260 
Aleutian Islands, Al 36 
AlexandriaBay,NY 267 
Alexandria, La . . 150 
Alitak, Al .... 36 
Allegheny, Pa . . 369 
AUentown, Pa . . 369 
Alliance, Ohio . . 349 
Alma, Neb .... 238 
Almy. Wy .... 456 
Alpena, Mich ... 188 
Altamont, Md . . 156 

Alton, 111 101 

Altoona, Pa . . . 369 
American Fork, Ut 417 
Amsterdam, N Y . 267 
Anaconda, Mon . 226 
Anacortes, Wash . 424 
Ank Settlements,Al 36 
Ann Arbor .... 188 
Annapolis, Md . . 155 
Anniston, Ala . . 18 
Anrik, Al .... 37 
Anthony, Ks . . .134 
Appleton, Wis . . 443 
Aptos, Cal . . . . 57 
Ai'kansas City, Ks . 135 
Arkansas Post, Ark 52 



Arlee, Mon . . 
Asbury Park, N J 
Ashland, Ore . 
Ashland, Wis 
Ashville, N C 
Aspen, Col . 
Astoria, Ore 
Atchison, Ks 
Athena, Ore 
Athens, Ga 
Athens, Ohio 
Atkin, Minn 
Atlanta, Ga 
Atlantic City, N 
Attn Island, Al 
Auburn, Me . 
Auburn, N Y . 
Auburn, Wash 
Audubon, Minn 
Augusta, Ga 
Augusta, Me 
Aurora, 111. • 
Aurora, Ore 
Austin, Tex 
Avalon, N J 
Avon, Mon . 



. 226 
. 251 
. 361 
.444 
. 338 
. 76 
. 361 
. 135 
. 361 
. 93 
. 349 
. 206 
. 93 
. 253 
. 37 
. 152 
. 267 
. 424 
. 198 
. 93 
. 152 
. 101 
. 361 
. 394 
. 253 
. 226 



Bablon,Longisland, 

NY..- ... 267 
Baker City, Ore . . 361 
Baldwin, Col . . . 74 
Ballard, Wa:sh . . 424 
Ballston Spea, N Y 267 
Baltimore, Md . . 158 
Bangor, Me . . . 152 
Bar Harbor, Me . 152 
Barnegat City, N J 253 
Barnegat Pier, N J 253 
Basin, Mon . . . ; 226 
Batavia, NY. . .268 
Batesville, Ai-k . . 52 

Bath, Me 152 

Baton Rouge, La . 150 
Battle Creek, Mich 188 
Battle Lake, Minn 198 
Bayonne, N J . . 253 

463 



Bay Ridge, Md . . 156 

Bay City 188 

Beach Haven, N J 253 
Beatrice, Neb . . 238 
Beaver Island, Mich 189 
Bedford, Ind . . . 125 
Bedford, Pa . . . 370 
Belfast, Me. . . .153 
Belgrade, Mon . . 226 
Belkovskv, Al . . 37 
Bellefontaine, Ohio 349 
Belleville, 111 . . . 101 
Belleville, Ks ... 135 
Bellows Falls, Vt 420 
Beloit, Ks .... 135 
Beloit, Wis .... 444 
Benverton, Ore . . 362 
Berkeley, N J . . 253 
Berkshire Hills, 

Mass 172 

Berner's Bay, Al . 37 
Bessemer, Ala . . 18 
Bethlehem, N H . 249 
Bethlehem, Pa . . 370 
Biddeford, Me . . 153 
Big Lake, Minn . 198 
Big Springs, Neb . 238 
Big Timber, Mon . 226 
Billings, Mon ... 226 
Binghamton, N Y . 268 
Birmingham, Ala . 21 
Blaine.^Wash . . . 424 
Bloomington, 111 . 101 
Blossbm-g, Mon . 227 
Blue Mountain, Mell5G 
Bluffton, Ala . . . 18 
Bois Blanc Island, 

Mich 189 

Boise City, Idaho . 96 
Bonham, Tex . . . 395 
Bonner, Mon . . . 227 
Boonville, Mo . . 214 
Boothbay, Me . . 153 
Boreas, Col ... 74 
Boston, Mass ... 177 
Boulder, Col . . . 76 



l3oulder, Mon . . 
Howie, Tex . . . 
iiozcnian, Mon . . 
Hraineid, Minn . . 
riieckenridge, Col 
Hrockeniidge,]\IiTin 
liridgehampton.XY 
P>iidgeport, Conn 
liiidgeton, NT.. 
lirockfort. NY. . 
Brownsville, Ore .' 
Brunswick, Ga . . 
iirunswick. Me . . 
Huckley, Wash . . 
fUicoda, Wash . . 
ISiiena Vista, Col . 
Huffalo, No Dak . 
P.uffalo, NY... 
liuffalo, Wy . . . 
l)urke, Idaho . . . 
iJurlington, Ja . . 
r>urlingtou, Vt . . 
lhitte,"Mon . . . . 



227 
395 
227 
198 

74 
19S 
268 

79 
254 
268 
362 

93 
153 
425 
425 

72 
841 
268 
456 I 

97 
131 
420 I 
227 



Cairo, 111 102 

Cambridge, Md . 156 
Camden, Ark ... 52 
Camden, N J . . . 254 
Camp Capitol a, Cal 58 
Camp Goodall, Cal 58 
Canandaigua, N Y 269 
Canby, Ore . . . 362 
( anton, Ohio . . 349 
Canton, Mo . . . 214 
Cape May, N J . . 254 
Carbonado, Wash . 425 
( arbondale. Pa . . 370 
( arltoii, Minn . . 199 
( arrington. No Dak 341 
( arson City, Nev 247 
( artersville, Ga . 93 
( arthage. Mo . . 214 
( astleRock, Wash 425 
( asselton. No Dak 341 
( -atskill, NY. . .269 
< atskill, Mountams 

NY 269 

Cedar Key, Fla . . 87 

Cedar Point, Col . 67 

Cedar Rapids, Ja . 131 

'^■f'dar Rapids, Neb 239 

rutral Point, Ore 362 

ciiti-alia. 111 . . . 102 

Centralia, Wash . 425 

Chambersburg. Pa 370 

''hampaign. Ill . . 102 

liarlcston, S C . 387 

liarleston, W Va 442 

Charlotte, N C . . 338 



Chattanooga, Tenn 391 
Chautauqua, Point 
Chautauqua orCe- 
leron NY... 270 
Cheboygan, Mich . 189 
ChehaJis, Wash . 425 
Chelsea, Mass . . 172 
Cheney, Wash . . 425 
Chester, Pa ... . 370 
Cheyenne, Wy . . 457 
Chicago, 111 . . .104 
Chicory, Mon . . 228 
Chillicothe. Ohio . 349 
ChippewaFalIs,AVis 444 
Cincmnati, Ohio . 350 
Cinnabar, Mon . . 228 
Clarksville, Tex . 395 
Clark's Fork, Idaho 97 
Clay Centre, Ks . 135 
Clayton, N M . . .261 
Clealum Junct, 

Wash 426 

Clear Lake, Minn . 199 
Cleveland, Ohio . 351 
Clifton Springs, N\^ 270 
Clitheral, Minn . . 199 

Clyde, Ks 135 

Coeur d'Alene City, 

Idaho 97 

Cold Water, Mich 189 
Colfax, Wash . . 426 
Colorado City, Col 77 
ColoradoSprmgs,Col77 
Colton, Wash . . 426 
Columbia, Mo . . 214 
Columbia S C . .388 
Columbus, Ga . . 93 
Columbus, Ky . . 145 
Columbus, Miss . 208 
Columbus, Mon . . 229 
Columbus Neb . . 239 
Columbus, Ohio . 353 
Como, Col .... 71 
Concord, N H . . 249 
Concordia, Ks . . 135 
Conueaut, Ohio . . 353 
Cooperstown, N Y 270 
Cooperstown, No 

Dak 341 

Coming, N Y^ . . .270 
Corsicana, Tex . . 395 
Cortland, NY.. 270 
Coi-vallis, Ore . .362 
Coshocton, Ohio . 353 
Cottage Grove, Ore 862 
Council Bluffs, Ja . 132 
(.'Ovington, Ky . . 145 
Cranfordsville, hid 125 
Cresco, Pa .... 370 

464 



Cresson, Pa 
Creswell, Ore 
Cumberland, 
Custer, Mon 
Crystal Sprin< 
Dak . . 



. .370 
. . . 362 

Md. 156 

. . 229 

S X(. 



Dallas, Ore ... . 362 
Dallas, Tex ... 395 
Dah-ymple, No Dak 341 

Dalton, Ga 94 

Danbur)% Conn. . .79 
Dansville, NY.. 270 
Davenport, la. . . 132 
Davenport, No Dak 341 
Davenport, Wash 42<j 
Dawson, No Dak . 34 L 
Dayton, Ohio ' . .353 
Dayton, Wash . . 426 
Dazey, No Dak . . 341 
Deadwood, S D . . 389 
Decatur, Ala . . . 18 
Decatur, 111 ... 102 
Decatur, Tex. . . .397 
Deer Creek, Minn ] 99 
Deer Lodge, Mon 229 
Deer Park, Md . 156 
Deer Wood, Minn 19Ti 
Delarof Bay, Al . 37 
Delaware City, Del 84 
Delaware, Ohio . 354 
Denison, Tex . . 397 
Denver, Col ... 67 
Des Moines, la . . 132 
Detroit, Mich . . .189 
Detroit, Minn ... 199 
Dickmson, No Dak 342 
Dilley, Ore ... . 3(J3 
Douglas City, Al . 37 
Dover, Del ... . 84 
Dover, N H . . .249 
Drain, Ore .... 363 
Drayton, No Dak . 342 
Dresden, Ohio . . 351 
Drurmnond, Mon . 229 
Dubucque, la. . . 132 
Duluth, Minn . , . 2(M) 
Dunkirk, NY . . 270 
Duquoin, 111. . . . 102 
Dutch Harbor, Al 37 
Dyea, Al . . . . . 37 

East St. Louis, 111 102 
Easton, Pa . . . .370 
Edgement, Al . . 37 
Edgelly, No Dak . 342 

Elgin, HI 102 

Elizabeth. N J . . 254 
Elkhart, Ind . . . 126 



Elk River, Minn . 200 
Elkhorn,Mon . . . 229 
Ellensburg, Wash 427 
Elliston, Mon ... 229 

Ellis, Ks 135 

^" sworth, Ks . . 136 
I-llsworth, Me. . . 153 
Elma, Wash ... 427 
Elmira, NY. . .271 
El Paso, Tex . . . 397 
Elwood, Ind . . . 126 

Erie, Pa 371 

EstabrookPark, Col 71 
Estes Park, Col . 76 
Eufaula, Ala ... 18 
Eugene, Ore . . . 363 
Evanston, 111 . . . 102 
Evanston, Wis . . 457 
Evansville, Ind . . 126 
Everett, Wash . . 427 

Fairbur}^ Neb . . 239 
Fairfield, Neb . . 289 
Fairfield, Wash . . 428 
Fairhaven, Wash . 428 
Fairplay, Col ... 71 
Fall River, Mass . 173 
Falls View, N Y . 274 
Fargo, No Dak . . 342 
Farmington, Wash 428 
Fergus Falls, Minn 200 
Femandina, Fla . 89 
Ferris Hot Springs, 

Mon 229 

First View, Col . 67 
Fisher's Island, NY 271 
Fishkill, NY. . .271 
Fitchburg, Mass 
Florence, Al . . 
Florence, Mon . 
Florence, N C . 
FolsomSprings,NM261 
Fond du Lac, Wis 445 
Forest Grove, Ore 263 
ForestRiver,NoDak 343 
Forsythe, Mon . . 229 
Fort Alger, Al . 
Fort Collins, Col 
Fort Keogh, Mon 
Fort Logan, Col 
Fort Payne, Ala 



173 

18 
229 
338 



37 

76 

229 

71 

19 



Fort Ripley, Minn 201 
Fort Scott, Ks '. . 136 
Fort Smith, Ark . 52 
Fort Tongas, Al . 37 
Fort Wayne, Ind . 126 
Fort Worth, Tex . 898 
Fort Wrangel, Al . 37 
Fort Yukon, Al . . 38 



Francfort, Ky . 
Frazee, Minn . . 
Frederick, Md . 
Fremont, Nebr . 
FrenchtowTi, Mon 
Fresno, Cal . . 
Friedensville, Pa 
Fullerton, Neb . 



145 
201 
157 
239 
229 
58 
371 
239 



(junnison, Col 



74 



Gainesville, Ark . . 52 
GauiesviUe, Fla . . 89 
Gainesville, Ga . . 94 
Galena, 111 ... . 102 
Galesburg,Ill ... 102 
Gallatin, Mon . . 230 
Galveston, Tex . . 399 
Gardiner, Me . . . 153 
Gai-field, Wash . . 428 
Garos, Col ... . 71 
Gaylord, Mon . . 230 
Garrison, Mon . . 230 
Geneva, NY . . .271 
Genoa, Neb ... 289 
Gensee, Idaho . . 97 
Georgetown, Tex . 400 
Georgetown. S C . 388 
Gervais, Ore ... 363 
Gilby, No Dak . . 348 
Gladstone, Mich . 191 
Gladstone, No Dak 343 
Glen Cove, NY .271 
Glendale, Ore . . 363 
Glendive, Mon . . 230 
Glen Falls, N Y . 271 
Glen Station, N H 249 
Glenwood, Minn . 201 
Glenwood, Springs 

Col 76 

Gloucester, Mass . 173 
Glyndon, Minn . . 201 
Gothenburg, Neb . 240 
Grafton, No Dak . 343 
Grand Haven, Mich 191 
Grand Island, Nebr 240 
GrandForksNoDak 343 
Grand Rapids . . 191 
Grantsdale, Mon . 230 
Grant's Pass, Ore 364 
Graymont, Col . . 70 
Great Shoshone 

Fall, Id 97 

Greely, Col ... . 78 
Greencastle, Ind . 126 
Greefield Mass . . 178 
Greenville. Ark . . 52 
Greenville, S .C . . 388 
Greenville, Tex . 400 
Greenwich, Conn . 79 
Grey Eagle, Minn . 201 

465 



I Hagerstown, Md . 15< 
I Flailey, Idaho ... 98 
I Halsee, Ore . . .364 
Hamilton, Mon . . 230 
Hamilton, Ohio . . 354 
Hampton, Va . . .421 
Hancock, Col . . 72 
Hannibal, Mo . . 215 
Harrisburg, Ore . 864 
Harrisburg, Pa . . 371 
Hai-rodsburg, Ky . 145 
Hartford, Conn . 79 
Hastings, Neb . . 240 
HauserJunct,Idaho 98 
Haverstrand, N Y . 271 
Havre de grace, Md 157 
Hawley, Minn . . 201 

Hays, Ks l86 

Helena, Ark ... 58 
Helena Mon . . .280 
Henning, Minn . . 20 1 
Henrietta, Tex . . 401 
Heppner, Ore . . 364 
Hill Top, Col . . 71 
Hillsboro, Ore . . 364 
Hillsboro, Tex . . 401 - 
Hoboken, N J . .254 
Holly Springs, Miss 208 
Holton, Ks . . . . 136 
Holyske, Mass . . l73 
Homer, NY. . .271 
Homosassa, Fl . . 89 
Hood River, Ore . 364 
Hope, Idaho ... 98 
Hoquiam, Wash . 428 
Hornelsville, N Y . 271 
Hortense, Col . . 72 
Hot Springs, Ai'k. 49 
Hot Springs, S D 389 
Houston, Tex . . 401 
Hudson, NY . . 271 
Hugo, Col ... . 67 
Humboldt Harb,Al 38 

Huna,Al 38 

Hunter's Plot 

Springs, Mon . 281 
Hiintsville, Al . . 19 
Huntsville, Tex . . 402 
Fluron, S D ... 389 
HuroniaBach,Mich 191 
Hutchinson, Ks . . l36 

Icy Cape, Al . . . 88 
Iliuliuk, Al . . . . 88 
Independence, Ore 364 
Indianapolis, Ind . l26 
Iowa City, la . . . l32 
Ironton, Ohio . . 354 



Iron Mountain,Mon 232 
Ithaca, NY ... 271 

Tackson, Mich . . l92 
Jackson, Miss . . . 208 
Jackson, N H . . 249 
Jacksonville, Fla . 89 
Jacksonville, 111 . . lo2 
JamestouTi. N Y . 272 
Jamesto'mi, No Dak 343 
Janesville, Wis . . 445 
Tcfferson City, Mo 215 
Jefferson, Mon . . 232 
Jefferson, N H . .249 
Jefferson, Ore . . 364 
Jefferson, Tex . . 403 
Jeffersonville, Ind . 126 
Jersey City, N J . 257 

Joliet, 111 102 

Juliaetta, Idaho . . 98 

Juma, Ariz 43 

Junction City, Ks . l37 
Junction City, Ore 364 
Juneau, Al . . . . 38 



Kadiak, Al . . . 
Kalama, Wash . 
Ivankakee, 111 . . 
Kansas City, Ks 
Kansas City, Mo 
Karluk, Al'. . . 
Kearney, Neb . 
Kelso, Wash . . 
Kendiick, Idaho 
Kenosha, Col . . 
Kenosha, Wis . 
Kent, Wash . . 
Keokuk, la . . . 
Ketchum, Idaho 
Key West, Fla . 
Kimball. Neb . . 
K nigs ton, N Y . 
Kit Carson, Col 
ivnobel, Ark . . 
Knoxville, Tenn 
Kokomo, Ind . . 
Ivolamazoo, Mich 
Koyukuk River 
Settlements, Al 



38 

429 

102 

137 

215 

39 

240 

429 

98 

71 

445 

429 

132 

98 

87 

241 

272 

67 

53 

391 

126 

192 

39 



La Conner, Wash 430 
La Crosse, Wis . 445 
Lafayette, Ind . . 127 
La Grande, Ore . 365 
i^a Grange, Ga . . 94 
La Moure, No Dak 344 
Lake Huron, Mich 192 
Lake George (Cald- 
well) N Y ... 272 



Lake Park, Minn . 201 
Lakeside, Ohio . . 354 
Lakewood, N J . . 257 
Lancaster, Pa . . 371 
Lansing, Mich . . 192 
Lansingburg, N Y 273 
Laredo, Tex . . . 403 
Las Vegas Hot 

Springs, N M . 261 
Las Vegas, N M . 261 
Laurel, Mon ... 232 
Lawrence, Ks . . . 137 
Lawrence, Mass . 173 
Leadville, Col . . 74 
Leavensworth,Ks . 138 
Lebanon, Ore . . 365 
Leeds, No Dak . . 344 
Lehigh, Ind Terr . 130 
Leramie, Wy . . . 458 
Lewes, Del .... 85 
Lewis ton. Me . .153 
Lewiston, Idaho . 99 
Lexington, K}- . . 146 
Lexington, Neb . 241 
Liberty, NY. . .273 
Lima, Ohio .... 354 
Lincoln, Neb . . . 241 
Linnton, Ore . . 365 
Lisbon, No Dak . 344 
Little Falls, Minn 202 
Little Falls, N Y . 273 
Little Rock, Ark . 53 
Livingston. Mon . 232 
Lockport, NY. .273 
Logan Mon ... 232 
Logan, Utah . . . 417 
Logansport, Ind. . 127 
London, Ohio . . 854 
Long Branch, N J 257 
Longmont, Col . . 76 
Long-port, N J . . 257 
Longvicw, Tex . . 403 
Los Angeles, Cal . 58 
Louisville, Ky . . 146 
Loup City, Neb . 242 
Ivowell, Mass . . . 173 
Luce, Minn .... 202 
Lynn, Mass. . . . 173 
I^ynchburg, Va . 421 
Lyons, N^Y . . .273 

Mackinac Island, 

Mich 192 

Macon, Ga . . . . 94 
Madison, Neb . . 242 
Madison, Wis . .446 
Madison, Ind . . . 127 
Malone, NY. . .273 
Manch Chunk, Pa . 371 

466 



250 
344 
138 
232 
192 
193 
77 
355 



Manchester, N H 
Man dan. No Dak 
Manhattan, Ks . 
Manhattan, Mon 
Manistee, Mich . 
Manistique, Mich 
Manitou, Col . . 
Mansfield, Ohio . 
Mapleton, No Dak 345 
Alarietta, Ga . . . 94 
Marietta, Ohio . . 355 
Marine City, Mich 193 
Marquette, Mich . 193 
Marshall, Tex . . 403 
Marshalltown, la . 133 
Martin, Wash . . 430 
Martinsburg, W Va 442 
]Marysvi]le, Mon . 233 
Alassena Springs, - 

NY 273 

Massillon, Ohio . . 355 
Maysville, Ky . . 146 
Mc Gees, Col . . . 72 
Mc Minnville, Ore 365 
Mc Pherson, Ks . 138 
Meckinsck, No Dak 345 
Medford, Ore . . 365 
Medical Lake,Wash 430 
Medina. NY. . .273 
Alemphis, Tenn . . 392 
jMeriden, Conn 
Meridian, Miss 
Mexico, Mo 
Middleto^vn, Conn 82 
iliddletown, N Y . 273 
I\Iiles City, Mon 
Milledgeville, Ga 
JNIilnor, No Dak 
Milton, Ore 365 
]\Iilwaukie, Ore . 
]\Iilwaukee, Wis 
]\nueola, Tex . . 
Minneapolis. Ks 
Minneapolis, Minn 202^ 
Miiuiewaukan, No 

Dak 

Mirage, Col . . 

Alishawaka, Ind . 

Mission, Idaho . 

Missoula, Mon . 

Mobile, Ala . . . 

Moline, 111 . . . 

Monmouth, 111 

I Monroe, Mich 

j Monterey, Cal 

; Montesano, Wash 430 

! Montgomery, Ala . 19 

I Montpelier, Vt . . 420 

! Moorhead, Minn . 202 



81 
216 
215 



233 
94 
345 
365 
365 
446 
403 
138 



345 
. 67, 
. 127 
. 99 
. 233 
. 21 
. 103 
. 103 
. 193 
. 58 



!02 I 

J 



Morris, Man ... 44 
Morris, Minn . . . 203 
Morrison, Col . . 71 
Moscow, Idaho . . 99 
Motley, Minn ... 203 
Mount of Holy 

Cross, Col . . . 74 
Mount Peons, Pa . 371 
Mullan, Idaho . . 99 
Muscatine, la . . . 133 
Muscogee, IndTerr 130 
Muskegan, Mich . 193 



Nantasket Beach, 

Mass-. . . . . .174 

Nashua, N H . . .250 
Nashville, Tenn . 392 
Natucket, Mass . . 174 
Natcher, Miss . . 2i6 
Nebraska City, Nb 242 
Nevada, Mo . . .215 
New Albany, Ind . 127 
Newai-k, Del . . . 85 
Newark, N J . . .258 
Newark, Ohio . . 355 
New Berne, N C . 338 
New Bedford, Mass l74 
New Britain, Conn 82 
NewBrunswick,N J 258 
Newburg NY . .273 
Newburyport,Mass l74 
Newcastle, Del . . 85 
New Haven ... 82 
New London, Conn 82 
New - Methalakatla, 

Al 39 

New Orleans, La . l50 
Newport, Ky . . . i46 
Newport, R. I. . . 386 
NewRochelle, Conn 83 
New Rockford, 

No Dak .... 345 
New Salem, No Dak 345 
Newton, Ks . . . l38 
New What come. 

Wash 431 

New York City . . 284 
New York Mills, 

Minn 203 

Niagara Falls, N Y 274 
Norfolk, Neb . . 242 
Norfolk, Va . . . 421 
Norris, Mon ... 233 
Norrist-own, Pa . . 371 
North Adams, Mass l74 
Northfield, Mass . 174 
Northampton,Mass l74 
North Platte, Neb 243 



North Yakima, 
Wash . . . 
Norwalk, Conn 
Norwich, Conn 
Norwich, N Y 
Nuhlukyel, Al 
Nulato, Al . . 
Nyack, N Y . 



431 

83 
83 

276 
39 
39 

276 



Oakesdale, Wash . 431 
Oakes, No Dak . . 346 
Oakland, Md . . . 157 
Oakland, Ore . . . 365 
Oberlm, Ohio . . 355 
Oberon, No Dak . 346 
Ocala, Fla . . . . 89 
Ocean City, Md . l57 
Ocean City, N J .258 
Ocosta, Wash . . 431 
O'Fallons, Neb . 243 
Ogallalla, Neb . . 243 
Ogden, Utah ... 417 
Ogdensbm-g, Ks .139 
Ogdensbm-g, N Y . 276 
Oil City, Pa . . .371 
Old Orchard, Me . l53 
Olympia, Wash . 432 
Omaha, Neb . . .243 
Oneida, NY. . .276 
Oneonta, N Y . . 276 
Orange, N J-. . .258 
Ord, Neb .... 244 
Oregon City, Ore 365 
Orion Lake. Mich . l93 
Ormond, Fla ... 89 
Orting, Wash . . 432 
Osawatomie, Ks . l39 
Osbom, Idaho . . 99 
Oswego, NY. . .276 
Ottawa, 111 . . . .103 
Ottawa, Ks . . . .139 
Ottumwa, Ja . . . l33 
Owego, NY. . .277 
Oxford, Md . . . l57 

Paducah, Ky . . . l47 
Palatka, Fla ... 90 
Palestine, Tex . . 403 
Palouse, Wash . . 432 
Papillion, Neb . . 244 
Paris, Ky . . . . l47 
Paris, Tex .... 4o4 
Park City, Mon . 233 
Parkersburg, WVa 442 
Pasadena, Cal . . 59 
Pasco June, Wash 432 
Patchogue, N Y . 277 
Paterson, NT. • .258 
Pawtucket, R. I. . 386 

467 



Peekskill, NY. .277 
Pembina, No Dak 346 
Penn Yan, N Y . 277 
Pensacola, Fla . . 90 
Peoria, 111 ... . 103 
Perham, Minn . . 203 
Perth Amboy, N J 258 
Pescadero, Cal . . 59 
Petersburg, Va . . 421 
Petoskey, Mich . l94 
Philadelphia, Pa . 374 
Philipsburg, Mon . 234 
Phoenix, Ariz . . 43 
Pierre, S D ... 389 
Pine Bluff, Ark . . 53 
Pitkin, Col ... . 72 
Pittsburg and 

Allegheny, Pa . 372 
Plainfield, N J . .258 
Plains, Mon . . . 234 
Platte Canon, Col . 7L 
Platte Centre, Neb 244 
Plattsburg, NY .277 
Plattsmouth, Neb . 244 
Plymouth, Mass . . i75 
Pocatello, Idaho . 99 
Point Barrow, Al . 39 
Poland Springs, Me l53 
Pomeroy, Ohio . . 355 
Pomeroy, Wash .432 
Pontiac Mich . . . l94 
Pony, Mon .... 234 
Port Angeles, Wash 432 
Port Chester, Conn 83 
Port Clarence, Al . 39 
Port Gamble, Wash 433 
Port Huron, Mich. 194 
Port Jervis, N Y . 277 
PortLudiow, Wash 433 
PortMadison,Wash433 
Portland, Me . . . 153 
Portland, Ore . . 366 
Portsmouth, N H .250 
Portsmouth, Ohio 355 
Portsmouth, Va . 422 
Port Tampa, Fla . 90 
Port Townsend, 

Wash 433 

Post Falls, Idaho . 99 
Pottsville, Pa . . . 372 
Poughkeepsie, N Y 278 



Prescott, Ariz 
Prescott, Wash . . 
Prickly Pear 

Junction, Mon . 
Princeton, N J . . 
Prosser, Wash . . 
Providence, R. I. . 
Provo, Utah . . . 

21 



43 
,433 

, 234 

, 258 
433 

. 386 

/418 



Pueblo, Col . . . 77 
Pullman, Wash . . 433 
I'unta Gorda, Fla . 90 
J'ut-iu-Bay Islands, 

Ohio 355 

I'yiamid Lake, Nev 248 

Ouincy, ni .... 103 
Uuincy, Mass . . 175 



Racine, Wis . . . 
Raleigh, N C . . .' 
Rathdruni, Idaho . 
Ravalli, Mon . . . 
Reading, Pa . . . 
Red Lodge, Mon . 
Redlands Junction, 

Cal 

Rehoboth Beach, 

Del 

Rice's, Minn . . . 
Richfield Springs, 

NY 

Richmond, Ind . . 
Richmond, Va . . 
Rimini, Mon . . . 
Ritzvilie, Wash . . 
Riverside, Cal . . 
Robinson, Col . . 
Rochester, N H . . 
Rochester, N Y . 
Rockford, III . . . 
Rock Island, 111 . 
Rockland, Me . . 
Rockledge, Fla . . 
Rome, Ga . . . . 
Rome, NY . . . 
Rumsej^Mon . . . 
Rosalia, ^Vash . . 
Roseburg, Ore . . 
Roslyn, Wash . . 
Royalton, Minn . . 
Russel, Ks . . . 
Rutland, Vt . . . . 
Rye Beach N H . . 
Rye, Conn .... 



447 

338 

100 

234 

3 

234 



34 I 

72 T 



59 

85 
203 

278 

127 

422 

234 

443 

59 

74 

250 

278 

103 

103 

154 

90 

94 

279 

235 

433 

367 

434 

204 

139 

420 

250 

83 



Sackett's Harbor, 

NY 279 

Saco, Me 154 

Sacramento, Cal . 59 
Sag Harbor, N Y . 279 
Saginaw, Mich . . l94 
Salem, Mass . , . 175 
Salem, Ore .... 367 
Salina, Ks . . . .139 
Salomon, Ks . . . 139 
Salt Lake City.Utah 419 
Salton, Cal ... 59 



Samisch, Wash . . 434 
San Antonio, Tex 404 
San Bernadino, Cal 60 
Sanborn, No Dak . 346 
San Bueua Ventura 

Cal 60 

San Diego, Cal . . 60 
Sand Point, Idaho 100 
Sandusk}', Ohio . 356 
Sanford, Fla ... 90 
San Francisco, Cal 60 
San Jose, Cal . . 65 
Sank Rapids, Minn 204 
San Rafael, Cal . 66 
Santa Barbara, Cal 60 
Santa Catalina, Cal 66 
Santa Cruz, Cal . 66 
Santa Fe, N M . . 261 
Saratoga Springs 

NY 279 

Sauk Centre, Minn 204 
Sault St. Marie, 

Mich 195 

Savannah, Ga . . 94 
Schreveperort, La l5l 
Schuyler, Neb . . 244 
Scotia, Neb .... 246 
Scranton, Pa . . . 372 
Seattle, Wash . . 434 
Sedalia, Mo . . . 215 
Sedro, Wash ... 435 
Selma, Ala .... 19 
Seneca Falls, N Y 280 
Seward City, Al . 40 
Sharon Springs.NY280 
Sheffield, Ala . . l9 
Sheldon, No Dak . 346 
Shelter Island, NY 280 
Shelton, Wash . . 436 
Shenectady, N Y . 280 
Sheridan, Ore . . 367 
Sherman, Tex . . 405 
Sidney, Neb . . .246 
Sidney, Ohio . . . 356 
Sing Sing NY. .280 
Silverton, Ore . . 367 
Sims, No Dak . . 346 
Sioux City, Ja . . 133 
Sioux Falls, S D . 390 

Sitka, Al 38 

Skaguay, Al . . . 40 
.Smyrna, Del ... 85 
Snohomish, Wash. 436 
Socorro, NM • . .261 
Soda Springs, 

Idaho 100 

Sopenah, Wash . . 436 
South Bend, Ind . 127 
South Bend, Wath 430 

468 



388 
437 
437 
235 
io3 



204 

204 

90 



South Tacoma, 

Wash 436 

Spangle, Wash . . 436 
Spartanburg, S C 
Spokane, Wash 
Sprague, Wash , 
Sprhigdale, Mon 
Springfield, 111 . 
Springfield, Mass . l75 
Springfield, Ohio . 356 
Springfield, Mo . 215 
Spring Lake, N J . 259 
St. Albans, Vt . . 420 
Stamfort, Conn . . 83 
Staples, Minn . . 
Starbuck, Minn . 
St. Augustine. Fla 
St. Clair City, Mich l95 
St. Clair Springs, 

Mich l95 

St. Cloud, Mmn . . 204 
Steele, No Dak . . 346 
Steubenville, Ohio 366 
Stevensville, Mon . 235 
St. Ignace, Mich . 196 
St. Joseph, Mo . . 
St. Louis, Mo . . 
St. Mary's, Ks . . 
St. Michaels, Al . 
Stockton, Cal . . . 
St. Paul on Kadiak 

Island, Al . . . 40 
St. Paul, Minn . . 204 
St. Paul, Neb . 
St. Paul (Un- 

alaska), Al. . 
Stiomsburg, Neb . 246 
Sulphur Springs, 

Tex . . 
Sumdum, Al . 
Sumner, Wash 
Superior, Wis 
Swanville, Minn 
Syracuse, N Y 



Tacoma, Wash 
Tahleguah, Ind 

Terr .... 
Tallakassee, Fla 
Tampa, Fla . . 
Tarpon Speines, 
Tarrytowii NY 
Taunton, Mass 
Taylor, Tex . 
Tekoa, Wash . 
Tenino, Wash 
Terre Haute, In 
Terrel, Tex . 
Terry, Mon . 



2l7 

2i7 

146 

40 

66 



246 
40 



406 

41 

437 

447 
205 
281 



437 

129 
91 
91 
Fla 91 
.281 
. 175 
.406 
.439 
.439 
d. 128 
.406 
.235 



Texarkana, Aik . . 53 
Texarkana, Tex , . 406 
The Agricultural 

Maryland College 

Md '. 157 

The Dalles, Ore . . 368 
The Geysers, Cal 57 
The Washington 

Hot Springs . . 439 
Thomasville, Ga . 95 
Thompson Falls, 

Mon 235 

Ticondcroga, N Y 281 
Timber Line, Mon 235 
Titusvilie, Fla' . . 91 
Titusville, Pa . . . 373 
Toledo, Ohio . . .356 
Topeka, Ks . . . .140 
Toston, Mon ... 235 
TowerCity,NoDak347 
Townsend, Mon . 236 
Traverse City, Mich l96 
Trenton, N J . . .259 
Trenton Falls, NY "281 
Trinidad, Col ... 78 
Troy, NY. . . .281 
Trunton, Mass . . l84 
Tumwater, Wash . 439 
Tm-ner, Ore . . .368 
Tuscaloosa, Ala. . l9 
Tuscon, Ariz ... 43 
Twin Lakes, Col . 72 
Tyler, Tex . . .- . 407 

Union, Ohio . . . 357 
Union, Ore .... 368 
Union town. Wash 439 
Urbana, Ohio . . 357 
Utica, N Y . . . . 28i 

Valley, Neb .... 246 
Valley City, No Dak 347 



Valley Junetion, No 

Dak 347 

Van Buren, Ark. . 53 
Vansvcle, Ore . . 368 
Vermilion, S D . .390 
Verndale, Minn . . 205 
Victor, Mon ... 236 
Villard, Minn ... 205 
Vincennes, Ind . . 128 
Virginia City, Nev 249 
Vollmer, Idaho . . 100 



Waco, Tex .... 407 
Wadena, Minn . . 205 
Wahoo, Neb ... 246 
Wahpeton.NoDak 347 
Waitsburg, Wash 440 
Walla Walla, Wash 440 
Wallace, Idaho . . 100 
Wallas, Ks .... 140 
WaLulaJuii ct.Wash 440 
Waltham, Mass . . 175 
Wamego, Ks . . . 14l 
Wardner, Idaho . . 100 
Warm Springs,Mon 236 
Washington, D C . 86a 
Waterbury, Conn ; 83 
Waterford, NY .282 
Watertown, N Y . 282 
Watkin s Glen N Y 282 
Waukegan, 111 . . 103 
Wcare, Al .... 4l 
Weatherford, Tex 408 
Wellsville, Ohio . 357 
Weston, Ore ... 368 
West Point, N Y . 282 
Wheatland, No Dak 347 
Wheeling, W Va . 442 
Whitehall, Mon . 236 
Whitehall, NY. .283 
White Plains, N Y 283 



Wibaux, Mon . . 236 
Wichita FaUs. Tex 408 
Wichita, Ks ... 141 
Wickes, Mon ... 236 
Wilbur, Wash . . 440 
Wilkesbarre, Pa . 373 
Wilkeson, Wash . 440 
Williamsport, Pa . 373 
Willimantic, Conn 83 
Wilmington, Del . 85 
Wilmington, N C . 339 
Winfield, Ks . . . 141 
Winlock, Wash. . 441 
Winnipeg Junct., 

Minn ..... 205 
Winona, Minn . . 205 
Winston, Mon . . 236 
Winter Park, Fla . 91 
Wissahickon Heights, 

Pa .... 373 

Wood'burn, Ore .' 368 
Wood Island, Al . 4i 
Woodland Beach, 
Woonsocket R I .386 

Del ...... '86 

Worcester, Mass . 175 
WyomingValley,Pa373 
Wytheville, Va . . 422 



Xenia, Ohio 



357 



Yakima City, Wash 441 
Yakutat, Al . . . 4i 
Yonkers. NY . .283 
York Beach, Me . i54 
York Harbor, Me. l54 
York, Nebr. ... 246 

York, Pa 373 

Ypsilanti, Mich . . l96 

Zanesville, Ohio . 357 



469 



" ■■■'■ "■ ^ 



List of Advertisers. 



Alaska - Klondyke Gold Mining 
Co 325 326 

Anders, A W, Decorator, New 
York 321 

Anheuser-Busch Brewing Ass'n, 
New York 219 

Athis, J A Sample Room, Buffalo 26Q 

B & O Hotel, Washington D C 86 f 
B. & O. Royal Blue Line (New 

York to Washington) . . . 168 
Bartsch, C, New York .... 316 
Baumgart, Otto, Chicago. Ill . 114 
Bechtold, A, Optician, New York 324 
Belvedere House, New York .. 291 
Bismarck Hotel & Restaurant, 

Chicago, 111 108 

Blumental, Max, Chicago, 111 . 109 
Broadway Central, Hotel New 

York 289 

Brock's Congressional, Wash- 
ington DC 86 1 

Bunge, Carl, Chicago, 111 . . . 104a 
Busch's Hotel, Hoboken, NJ . 256 

Cafe Boulevard, New York . . 302 
Cafe Lindinger, New York . . 311 
Cafe Schumann, New York . . 316 
Chas.W.Soulas',Philadelphia,Pa. 376 
Clyde Line (Wm P Clyde & Co) 

General Agents, New York, 

last page 
Copley Square Hotel, Boston, 

Mass l86d 

Densmore Typewriter Co, New 
York 329 

Dickert's Park House Hotel, New 
York City- ;^16 

Douthilt, JF American Tapestry 
& Decorative Co, New York 298 299 

Emmerich, Otto, New York City 322 

Fischer's Hotel, Hoboken, NJ. 255 
Freudenhammer, C M. Decor- 
ator, New York 316 



Friedrich's Restaurant, Chicago, 
111 . 104d 

Frisco Line (St. Louis' and, San 
Francisco R R) 209 

Gerstenberg, Ernst, Restaur^ 

ant, Washington, DC. . , , 86k 

Giesenhaus, Fred Wm, Sign 

Painting, Hoboken, N J. . . 256 

Graetzer, Hotel, Philadelphia, Pa 320 

Green's Hotel, Philadelphia, Pa 379 

Har-vey House, Niagara Falls . 275 
Harve}''s Oyster House, Wash- 
ington DC 86h 

Heurig, Chr, Brewing Co, 

Washington, DC 86 i 

Hofman, Frederick W. Alb- 
any, NY 266 

Hollender & Co., New'York City 3 1 7 
Horton Ice Cream Co, New 

York 292 

Hotel Bernard, New York . . . 314 
Hotel Brunswick, AsburyPark,NJ 252 
Hotel Hungaria, New York . . 305 
Hotel Lafayette, Philadelphia, Pa 375 
Hotel Lorraine, Philadelphia, Pa 378 
Hotel Rennert, Baltimore, Md . 160a 
Hotel Fritz Reuter, Washington, 

DC 861 

Huber Bros, Chicago, 111 . . . 112 

"Jager" New York City .... 296 
Jauch's Hotel and Restaurant, 

Long Branch, N J 257 

International Hotel, Niagara 

Falls, NY 274 

Koelling & IGappenbach, Chi- 
cago, ni 104a 

Ladenburg, Thalmann & Co., 
Bankers, New York 284d 

Lenz's, M, The Century Hotel 
& Summer Garden, New York 321 



470 



Loewe's, I,sniyD, Cigar Store, 

New York 305 

Lomax, E S, Omaha, Nebr . . 245 

Liichow, August, New York City 292 

Madden, G H, Decorator, New 

York 321 

Medical Vapor Bath Co., New 

York 304 

Meyer's Hotel, Hoboken, N J . 255 
Michigan Central Railway . . . 332 
Middendorf, Oliver & Co, Balti- 
more, Md l6od 

Missouri Pacific System .... 222 

Monon Route 122 

Naegeli's Hotel, Hoboken, N J . 256 

Oelsner Rudolph, New York 

and Chicago 324 

Photographs of New York . . 323 

Piel Bros. New York City . . 320 

Pilsner Burger Brau, New York 305 
Pabst Brewing Co., Milwaukee 4SOd 
Pope Mfg. & Co, Hartford, 

Conn 80 328 

Ruehl's, A., Klondike Hotel, New 

York 323 

Raimond&Whitcomb,NewYork 291 
Reed, Frank J, Gen Pass Ag, 

Chicago, 111 122 

Republican House, Milwaukee 450 a 
Rhode, R E Chicago, 111 . . . 107 
Riggs House, Washington, DC 86 c 
Roelofs & Co., Henry H., Phila- 
delphia, Pa . 382 

Royal Blue Line sB & O . . . 168 
Ruddoy, James, F,y ic toria Ho tel, 

Saratoga Springs, NY... 279 

Schcffel Halle, New York City 304 
Scheubert Jos, Restaurant, Chi- 
cago, 111 110 

Schinasi Bros., New York . . . 327 
Schlatter's Restaurant, Hoboken, 

N J 255 

Schmcnger, J. P., New York City 3 19 
Schmidt, Aug F, Hotel and 

i Restaurant, New York ... 320 
Schneider, E, Decroating, New 

York 321 

Security Rupture Cure, Balti- 
more, Md 165 

Seltzer Spring Co, Saratoga 

Springs, NY....'.... 279 

Smith, Chr, New York .... 316 



Sohmer, Pianos, New York, last 
page 

Soulas Chas- W., Restaurant and 
Raths-Keller, Philadelphia, Pa 376 

Stetson Company, John B., Phi- 
ladelphia, Pa 381 

StuetzleBros, Cafe & Restaurant, 
New York 310 

Tauscher, Hans, New York City 330 
Temperance House, Niagara 

Falls, NY.. 275 

The American Improved Pressed 

Hats, Philadelphia, Pa. ... 382 
The Delavan Albany, NY.. 266 
The Equitabe Life Assurance 

Society, New York 284 a 

The Keely Cure, Baltimore, Mdr6od 
The Lake Submarine Compagny, 

Baltimore, Md .- l6od 

The Palace Hotel, Hoboken, N J 255 
The Raleigh, Washington D C 86f 
The Rembrandt, New York . 287 

The Roost, New York 327 

The Rowland Turkish Baths, 

Baltimore, Md 163 

The Schlitz Hotel, Milwaukee 447 
The Shoreham, Washington, DC 86 k 
The Texas and Pacific Railway 409 
The Viaduct, Restam"ant, Chi- 
cago, 111 104 a 

The Wellington, First Class 

European Hotel, Chicago, III 106 
Totten, T J, Saratoga Springs 

NY 279 

Tremont Turkish Baths, Boston 

Jll. . . .■ 186a 

Union Pacific System 66a 

Union Square Hotel, New York 295 

United States Hotel, Boston . 289 
United States Hotel, Niagara 

Falls 275 

Untermann, I, New York ... 327 
Utz, William, Baggage Transfer, first 

page. 

Victoria Hotel, Saratoga Springs, 
NY 279 

Walker & Co, Chicago, 111 . . lo4d 
Wegmann, John Decorator, New 

York '320 

Wiehl's Hotel and Restaurant, 

New York 303 

Winter, William, Painter and 

Decarator, New York .... 30S 
Wirth&Co., Jacob, Boston, Jll. l86d 



471 



n. 



"The 
Light 
Running' 



DENSMORE 



"The World's 
Greatest 
Typewriter". 



The Bail-Bearing T3rpe-Bar Joints Mark an Era in Typewriter 
Construction. 

FROM THE U. S. GOVERNMENT. 

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

Washington, Sept. 2, 1896. 
Densmore Typewriter Company, 
New York. 

GENTLEMEN: — 
We have now in use in the Bureaus of this Department nearly 
125 Densmore Machines. We have had no complaint from the users of 
them, hence we conclude they ary giving entire satisfaction 

Respectfully, 
(Signed) HIRAM BUCKINGHAM, Custodian. 




OTHER SUPERIORITIES ESTABLISHED: 

X.IOBTEST KSY TOUCH 

Because of the Compound Levers. 
GREATEST 8FEEB 

Because of the Convertible Speed Escapement 

MOST CONVENIENT PAPER FEED 

Because of the unique paper-flngers, and ease with which platen is turned 
to show writing. 
BEST FOB BOTH OORRESFONDENOE and BKANIFOLDINO 

Because of the instantly interchangeable printing cylinders. 



78 



Our descriptive pamphlet contains strong praise from 
Leading Concerns and from the U. S. Government 



316 BROADWAY, 



Densmore Typewriter Co, 
NEW YORK. 



THE CELEBRATED 




SOEMEB 

Heads the List of the Highest-Grade Pianos, and Grand Pianos. 

Are at present the Most Popular 

and Preferred by the Leading Artists. 

THE ONLY SALESROOMS IN GREATER NEW YORK FOR 
THE C ELEBRATE D 

ARE NOW LOCATED IN THE NEW SOHMER BUILDING 
FIFTH AVENUE CORNER 22d STREET 

THE "sOHMER" HEADS THE LIST OF THE HIGHEST GRADE PIANOS 

PAIITinhl The buying public will please not confound 
\^HU I lun. the genuine S-O-H-M-E-R Piano with one of a 
similar sounding name of a cheap grade. 




CLYDE LINE 

To Charleston, S.C. and Jacksonville, Fla. without change. 

FRO|VI PIER 29 E.R. NEW YORK 

MONDAYS, WEDNESDAYS and FRIDAYS at 3 P. M. 
Superior Steamships "COMANCHE" "ALGONQUIN" * * 
"IROQUOIS" "CHEROKEE" "SEMINOLE" 



•X- * * •X- 



CLYDE'S ST. JOHN'S RIUER LINE (DE BARY LINE) 

between 

JACKSONVILLE, PALATKA, SAN FORT 

and intermediate landings. 

First class, Interme diate and steerage Tickets. 

Sold from New York to all points South and South- West. 

CiJmfiJrf ♦ Biiirft Clmii * t0to Safes 

W. H. HENDERSON W. H. WARBURTON 

Gen. Eastern Pass. A^ent. Gen. Trav. Pass. Agent. 

THEO. G. EGER M. H. CLYDE 

Traffic Manager. Asst. Traf. Manager. 

VV'M. p^ CLYDE &: C^: general agents 

5 E^OWLING GREEN, NEW YORI^. 



